TED2010
Tom Wujec: Build a tower, build a team
Tom Wujec: Sagradi kulu, sagradi tim
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Tom Wujek predstavlja iznenađujuće duboko istraživanje "problema belog sleza" -- jednostavna vežba izgradnje tima koja uključuje suve špagete, metar selotejpa i beli slez. Ko može da sagradi najvišu kulu sa ovim sastojcima? I zašto iznenađujuća grupa uvek premaši prosek?
Tom Wujec - Designer
Tom Wujec studies how we share and absorb information. He's an innovative practitioner of business visualization -- using design and technology to help groups solve problems and understand ideas. He is a Fellow at Autodesk. Full bio
Tom Wujec studies how we share and absorb information. He's an innovative practitioner of business visualization -- using design and technology to help groups solve problems and understand ideas. He is a Fellow at Autodesk. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:16
Several years ago here at TED, Peter Skillman
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Pre nekoliko godina, ovde na TED-u, Piter Skilmen
00:18
introduced a design challenge
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je uveo dizajnerski izazov
00:20
called the marshmallow challenge.
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nazvan beli slez izazov.
00:22
And the idea's pretty simple:
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I ideja je prilično jednostavna.
00:24
Teams of four have to build the tallest free-standing structure
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Timovi od 4 člana treba da sagrade najvišu samo-stojeću strukturu
00:26
out of 20 sticks of spaghetti,
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od 20 štapića špageta,
00:28
one yard of tape, one yard of string
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jednog metra selotejpa, jednog metra kanapa
00:30
and a marshmallow.
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i belog sleza.
00:32
The marshmallow has to be on top.
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Beli slez mora da bude na vrhu.
00:34
And, though it seems really simple, it's actually pretty hard
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I, iako izgleda stvarno jednostavno, ustvari je prilično teško,
00:37
because it forces people
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zato što tera ljude
00:39
to collaborate very quickly.
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da sarađuju veoma brzo.
00:41
And so, I thought this was an interesting idea,
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I tako, pomislio sam da je ovo interesantna ideja
00:43
and I incorporated it into a design workshop.
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i uklopio sam je u dizajnerske radionice.
00:46
And it was a huge success.
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I bila je veliki uspeh.
00:48
And since then, I've conducted
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Od tada sam sproveo
00:50
about 70 design workshops across the world
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oko 70 dizajnerskih radionica u svetu
00:52
with students and designers and architects,
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sa studentima, dizajnerima, arhitektama,
00:54
even the CTOs of the Fortune 50,
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čak i sa CTO-ima (direktori tehnologije) iz Fortune 50
00:57
and there's something about this exercise
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i ima nešto u vezi ove vežbe
00:59
that reveals very deep lessons
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što otkriva veoma duboke lekcije
01:01
about the nature of collaboration,
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o prirodi sarađivanja
01:03
and I'd like to share some of them with you.
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i želeo bih da podelim neke od njih sa vama.
01:05
So, normally, most people begin
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Dakle, obično, većina ljudi počinje
01:08
by orienting themselves to the task.
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orijentišući sebe prema zadatku.
01:11
They talk about it, they figure out what it's going to look like,
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Pričaju o njemu, procenjuju kako će izgledati,
01:14
they jockey for power.
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bore se za moć,
01:16
Then they spend some time planning, organizing,
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onda provedu vreme planirajući, organizujući.
01:18
they sketch and they lay out spaghetti.
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Skiciraju zadatak i izvade špagete.
01:21
They spend the majority of their time
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Oni provedu većinu svog vremena
01:23
assembling the sticks into ever-growing structures.
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sklapajući štapiće u rastuću strukturu
01:26
And then finally, just as they're running out of time,
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i onda, konačno, baš kada im vreme ističe,
01:29
someone takes out the marshmallow,
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neko izvadi beli slez,
01:31
and then they gingerly put it on top,
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onda ga pažljivo stave na vrh
01:34
and then they stand back, and -- ta-da! --
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i onda se odmaknu i Ta-da!
01:37
they admire their work.
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Dive se svom radu.
01:39
But what really happens, most of the time,
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Ali ono što se stvarno desi, u većini slučajeva,
01:41
is that the "ta-da" turns into an "uh-oh,"
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je da se 'ta-da' pretvori u 'uh-oh',
01:44
because the weight of the marshmallow causes the entire structure
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zato što težina belog sleza prouzrokuje da se cela struktura
01:46
to buckle and to collapse.
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savije i sruši.
01:48
So there are a number of people
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Dakle, postoje ljudi
01:50
who have a lot more "uh-oh" moments than others,
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koji imaju više 'uh-oh' momenata od drugih
01:53
and among the worst are recent graduates of business school.
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i među najgorima su skorašnji diplomci poslovne škole.
01:56
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
01:59
They lie, they cheat, they get distracted
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Oni lažu, varaju, postaju rastrojeni
02:02
and they produce really lame structures.
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i proizvode stvarno očajne strukture.
02:04
And of course there are teams
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I, naravno, ima timova
02:06
that have a lot more "ta-da" structures,
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koji imaju više 'ta-da' struktura
02:08
and among the best are recent graduates of kindergarten.
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i, među najboljima, su skorašnji diplomci vrtića.
02:11
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
02:13
And it's pretty amazing.
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I prilično je zapanjujuće,
02:15
As Peter tells us,
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Kako nam Piter kaže,
02:17
not only do they produce the tallest structures,
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ne samo što proizvode najviše strukture,
02:19
but they're the most interesting structures of them all.
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već su one i najzanimljivije od svih.
02:22
So the question you want to ask is:
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Dakle, pitanje koje želite da postavite je:
02:24
How come? Why? What is it about them?
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Kako to? Zašto? Šta je to sa njima?
02:26
And Peter likes to say that
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A Piter voli da kaže da
02:28
none of the kids spend any time
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"Nijedno dete ne provodi vreme
02:30
trying to be CEO of Spaghetti, Inc. Right?
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pokušavajući da bude CEO (predsedavajući) 'Spagheti Inc-a'. Tačno.
02:33
They don't spend time jockeying for power.
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Oni ne provode vreme boreći se za moć.
02:35
But there's another reason as well.
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Ali postoji još jedan razlog.
02:37
And the reason is that business students are trained
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A razlog je što su studenti poslovne škole istrenirani
02:39
to find the single right plan, right?
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da nađu jedini pravi plan, ok.
02:42
And then they execute on it.
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I onda mogu da ga izvrše.
02:44
And then what happens is, when they put the marshmallow on the top,
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Ono što se dešava je, kada stave beli zlez na vrh,
02:46
they run out of time and what happens?
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ostanu bez vremena i šta se dešava?
02:48
It's a crisis.
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Kriza.
02:50
Sound familiar? Right.
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Zvuči poznato, zar ne?
02:53
What kindergarteners do differently
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Ono što deca iz vrtića rade drugačije
02:55
is that they start with the marshmallow,
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je da oni počinju sa belim slezom
02:57
and they build prototypes, successive prototypes,
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i prave prototipe, uspešne prototipe,
03:00
always keeping the marshmallow on top,
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uvek držeći beli slez na vrhu,
03:02
so they have multiple times to fix when they build prototypes along the way.
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tako da imaju više prilika da poprave loše izgrađene prototipe usput.
03:05
Designers recognize this type of collaboration
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Dizajneri priznaju ovaj način saradnje
03:08
as the essence of the iterative process.
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kao suštinu iterativnog procesa.
03:11
And with each version, kids get instant feedback
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I sa svakom verzijom, deca dobijaju trenutne povratne informacije
03:13
about what works and what doesn't work.
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o tome šta uspeva, a šta ne.
03:16
So the capacity to play in prototype is really essential,
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Dakle, mogućnost igranja sa prototipovima je stvarno ključna,
03:19
but let's look at how different teams perform.
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ali pogledajmo kako različiti timovi izvode zadatak.
03:22
So the average for most people is around 20 inches;
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Dakle, prosek za većinu ljudi je oko 50-ak cm,
03:25
business schools students, about half of that;
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studenti poslovnih škola, polovina toga,
03:27
lawyers, a little better, but not much better than that,
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advokati, malo bolje, ali ne mnogo bolje od toga,
03:30
kindergarteners, better than most adults.
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deca iz vrtića, bolje nego većina odraslih.
03:32
Who does the very best?
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Ko je najbolji u tome?
03:34
Architects and engineers, thankfully.
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Arhitekte i inženjeri, srećom.
03:37
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
03:42
Thirty-nine inches is the tallest structure I've seen.
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100-tinjak cm je bila visoka najviša struktura koju sam video.
03:45
And why is it? Because they understand triangles
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A zašto je tako? Zato što oni razumeju da su trouglovi
03:48
and self-reinforcing geometrical patterns
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i samo-jačajući geometrijski uzorci
03:50
are the key to building
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ključ za izgradnju
03:52
stable structures.
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stabilnih struktura.
03:54
So CEOs, a little bit better than average,
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Dakle, CEO-ovi, malo bolji od proseka.
03:57
but here's where it gets interesting.
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Ali ovde postaje interesantno.
03:59
If you put you put an executive admin. on the team,
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Ako stavite izvršnog administratora u tim,
04:01
they get significantly better.
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oni postaju značajno bolji.
04:03
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
04:06
It's incredible. You know, you look around, you go, "Oh, that team's going to win."
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Neverovatno je. Znate, pogledate okolo i znate "Ovaj tim će pobediti."
04:08
You can just tell beforehand. And why is that?
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Možete jednostavno predvideti. A zašto je tako?
04:10
Because they have special skills
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Zato što imaju specijalne veštine
04:12
of facilitation.
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u smanjivanju nivoa podražljivosti.
04:14
They manage the process, they understand the process.
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Oni upravljaju procesom, razumeju proces.
04:16
And any team who manages
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I bilo koji tim koji upravlja
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and pays close attention to work
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i obraća veliku pažnju na rad
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will significantly improve the team's performance.
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će značajno popraviti izvođenje tima.
04:24
Specialized skills and facilitation skills
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Specijalne veštine i veštine smanjenja nivoa podražljivosti
04:27
are the combination that leads to strong success.
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su kombinacija koja vodi ka čvrstom uspehu.
04:30
If you have 10 teams that typically perform,
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Ako imate 10 timova koji tipično rade,
04:32
you'll get maybe six or so that have standing structures.
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imaćete možda oko 6 timova čije strukture stoje.
04:34
And I tried something interesting.
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I pokušao sam nešto interesantno.
04:36
I thought, let's up the ante, once.
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Pomislio sam, hajde da podignemo ulog.
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So I offered a 10,000 dollar prize of software to the winning team.
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I tako sam ponudio softver u vrednosti od 10 000 dolara kao nagradu pobedničkom timu.
04:42
So what do you think happened to these design students?
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Šta mislite da se desilo ovim studentima dizajna?
04:45
What was the result?
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Koji su rezultati?
04:48
Here's what happened:
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Evo šta se dogodilo.
04:50
Not one team had a standing structure.
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Nijedan tim nije imao strukturu koja stoji.
04:54
If anyone had built, say, a one inch structure,
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Da je bilo ko sagradio, recimo, strukturu od 2,5 cm
04:57
they would have taken home the prize.
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mogao je da odnese kući nagradu.
04:59
So, isn't that interesting? That high stakes
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Dakle, nije li interesantno da visoki ulozi
05:01
have a strong impact.
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imaju jak uticaj.
05:03
We did the exercise again with the same students.
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Uradili smo vežbu ponovo sa istim studentima.
05:05
What do you think happened then?
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Šta mislite da se dogodilo?
05:07
So now they understand the value of prototyping.
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Sada razumeju vrednost pravljenja prototipa.
05:13
So the same team went from being the very worst
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Tako da je isti tim koji je bio među najgorima prešao
05:15
to being among the very best.
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da bude među najboljima.
05:17
They produced the tallest structures in the least amount of time.
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Oni su proizveli najviše strukture za najkraće vreme.
05:20
So there's deep lessons for us
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Dakle, tu postoji duboka lekcija za sve nas
05:22
about the nature of incentives and success.
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o prirodi podsticaja i uspeha.
05:25
So, you might ask: Why would anyone
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Dakle, možete pitati: Zašto bi iko
05:27
actually spend time writing a marshmallow challenge?
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zapravo posvetio vreme pisajući izazov sa belim slezom?
05:30
And the reason is, I help create
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A razlog je -- Ja pomažem u kreiranju
05:32
digital tools and processes
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digitalnog alata i procesa
05:34
to help teams build cars and video games
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da pomognem timovima da sagrade kola, igrice
05:36
and visual effects.
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i vizuelne efekte.
05:38
And what the marshmallow challenge does
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I ono što izazov belog sleza radi
05:40
is it helps them identify the hidden assumptions.
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jeste da im pomaže da identifikuju sakrivene pretpostavke.
05:43
Because, frankly,
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Zato što, iskreno,
05:45
every project has its own marshmallow, doesn't it?
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svaki projekat ima svoj beli slez, zar ne.
05:48
The challenge provides a shared experience,
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Izazov pruža zajedničko iskustvo,
05:50
a common language,
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zajednički jezik,
05:52
a common stance to build the right prototype.
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zajednički stav da se sagradi pravi prototip.
05:54
And so, this is the value of the experience,
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I tako, ovo je vrednost ovog iskustva,
05:56
of this so simple exercise.
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ove tako jednostavne vežbe.
05:58
And those of you who are interested
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Oni koji su zainteresovani
06:00
may want to go to MarshmallowChallenge.com.
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možete da odete na marshmallowchallenge.com.
06:02
It's a blog that you can look at
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To je blog na kome možete gledati
06:04
how to build the marshmallows.
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kako da sagradite beli slez.
06:06
There's step-by-step instructions on this.
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Postoje korak-po-korak uputstva o tome.
06:08
There are crazy examples from around the world
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Ima ludih primera iz celog sveta
06:11
of how people tweak and adjust the system.
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kako ljudi uštimavaju i prilagođavaju sistem.
06:13
There's world records that are on this as well.
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Postoji i svetski rekord u ovome.
06:15
And the fundamental lesson, I believe,
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A ključna lekcija je, verujem,
06:17
is that design truly is
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ta da je dizajn istinski
06:19
a contact sport.
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kontaktni sport.
06:21
It demands that we bring all of our senses to the task,
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Zahteva da uključimo sva čula u rešavanju zadatka
06:24
and that we apply the very best of our thinking,
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i da primenimo naše najbolje razmišljanje,
06:26
our feeling and our doing
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naša osećanja i naš rad
06:29
to the challenge that we have at hand.
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u izazovu koji je pred nama.
06:31
And sometimes, a little prototype of this experience
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I, ponekad, mali prototip ovakvog iskustva
06:34
is all that it takes to turn us
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je sve što treba nas promeni
06:36
from an "uh-oh" moment to a "ta-da" moment.
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od 'uh-oh' momenta u 'ta-da' momenat.
06:38
And that can make a big difference.
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A to može napraviti razliku.
06:40
Thank you very much.
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Hvala vam puno.
06:42
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Tom Wujec - DesignerTom Wujec studies how we share and absorb information. He's an innovative practitioner of business visualization -- using design and technology to help groups solve problems and understand ideas. He is a Fellow at Autodesk.
Why you should listen
Tom Wujec is a Fellow at Autodesk, the makers of design software for engineers, filmmakers, designers. At Autodesk, he has worked on software including SketchBook Pro, PortfolioWall and Maya (which won an Academy Award for its contribution to the film industry). As a Fellow, he helps companies work in the emerging field of business visualization, the art of using images, sketches and infographics to help teams solve complex problems as a group.
He's the author of several books, including Five-Star Mind: Games and Puzzles to Stimulate Your Creativity and Imagination.
Tom Wujec | Speaker | TED.com