TED2010
Tom Wujec: Build a tower, build a team
Tom Wujec: Izgradite toranj, izgradite tim
Filmed:
Readability: 4.1
6,113,394 views
Tom Wujec iznosi začuđujuće opsežno istraživanje o "sljezovom problemu" -- jednostavnu vježbu za izgradnju tima koja uključuje suhe špagete, traku dužine 91cm i sljez. Tko može sagraditi najviši toranj koristeći ove sastojke? I zašto neočekivana grupa uvijek pobijedi prosječnu?
Tom Wujec - Designer
Tom Wujec studies how we share and absorb information. He's an innovative practitioner of business visualization -- using design and technology to help groups solve problems and understand ideas. He is a Fellow at Autodesk. Full bio
Tom Wujec studies how we share and absorb information. He's an innovative practitioner of business visualization -- using design and technology to help groups solve problems and understand ideas. He is a Fellow at Autodesk. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:16
Several years ago here at TED, Peter Skillman
0
1000
2000
Prije nekoliko godina, ovdje na TED-u, Peter Skillman
00:18
introduced a design challenge
1
3000
2000
je predstavio dizajnerski izazov
00:20
called the marshmallow challenge.
2
5000
2000
zvan sljezov izazov.
00:22
And the idea's pretty simple:
3
7000
2000
Ideja je prilično jednostavna.
00:24
Teams of four have to build the tallest free-standing structure
4
9000
2000
Timovi sačinjeni od četiri člana moraju sagraditi najvišu samostojeću strukturu
00:26
out of 20 sticks of spaghetti,
5
11000
2000
koristeći 20 štapića špageta,
00:28
one yard of tape, one yard of string
6
13000
2000
traku dužine 90-ak cm, vrpcu dužine 90-ak cm
00:30
and a marshmallow.
7
15000
2000
i sljez.
00:32
The marshmallow has to be on top.
8
17000
2000
Sljez mora biti na vrhu.
00:34
And, though it seems really simple, it's actually pretty hard
9
19000
3000
I, iako se čini dosta lagano, zapravo je prilično teško,
00:37
because it forces people
10
22000
2000
jer prisiljava ljude
00:39
to collaborate very quickly.
11
24000
2000
da surađuju jako brzo.
00:41
And so, I thought this was an interesting idea,
12
26000
2000
I tako sam ja pomislio kako je to zanimljiva ideja,
00:43
and I incorporated it into a design workshop.
13
28000
3000
koju sam ugradio u dizajnersku radionicu.
00:46
And it was a huge success.
14
31000
2000
I bila je jako uspješna.
00:48
And since then, I've conducted
15
33000
2000
Od tada, izveo sam
00:50
about 70 design workshops across the world
16
35000
2000
oko 70 dizajnerskih radionica po cijelom svijetu
00:52
with students and designers and architects,
17
37000
2000
sa studentima i dizajnerima i arhitektima,
00:54
even the CTOs of the Fortune 50,
18
39000
3000
čak i sa CTO-ima (direktor za tehnologije) unutar Fortune 50,
00:57
and there's something about this exercise
19
42000
2000
i ima nešto u toj vježbi
00:59
that reveals very deep lessons
20
44000
2000
koja otkriva duboke lekcije
01:01
about the nature of collaboration,
21
46000
2000
o prirodi suradnje,
01:03
and I'd like to share some of them with you.
22
48000
2000
a koje bih volio podijeliti sa vama.
01:05
So, normally, most people begin
23
50000
3000
Uobičajeno, većina se ljudi počinje
01:08
by orienting themselves to the task.
24
53000
3000
orijentirati prema zadatku.
01:11
They talk about it, they figure out what it's going to look like,
25
56000
3000
Pričaju o tome, osmišljavaju kako će izgledati,
01:14
they jockey for power.
26
59000
2000
nadmeću se za moć,
01:16
Then they spend some time planning, organizing,
27
61000
2000
zatim provedu neko vrijeme planirajući, organizirajući.
01:18
they sketch and they lay out spaghetti.
28
63000
3000
Skiciraju i polože špagete.
01:21
They spend the majority of their time
29
66000
2000
Većinu svog vremena provedu
01:23
assembling the sticks into ever-growing structures.
30
68000
3000
montirajući štapiće na stalno rastuće strukture
01:26
And then finally, just as they're running out of time,
31
71000
3000
i tada, konačno, kako se približavaju isteku vremena,
01:29
someone takes out the marshmallow,
32
74000
2000
netko uzme sljez
01:31
and then they gingerly put it on top,
33
76000
3000
i nježno ga stave na vrh,
01:34
and then they stand back, and -- ta-da! --
34
79000
3000
odmaknu se par koraka unatrag i Ta-da!,
01:37
they admire their work.
35
82000
2000
dive se svom radu.
01:39
But what really happens, most of the time,
36
84000
2000
Ali ono što se zapravo događa, većinu vremena,
01:41
is that the "ta-da" turns into an "uh-oh,"
37
86000
3000
jest da taj "ta-da" postaje "uh-oh,"
01:44
because the weight of the marshmallow causes the entire structure
38
89000
2000
jer težina sljeza je uzrok što se cijela struktura
01:46
to buckle and to collapse.
39
91000
2000
savije i sruši.
01:48
So there are a number of people
40
93000
2000
Postoji broj ljudi
01:50
who have a lot more "uh-oh" moments than others,
41
95000
3000
koji dožive više "uh-oh" trenutaka nego drugi,
01:53
and among the worst are recent graduates of business school.
42
98000
3000
a među najgorima su nedavno diplomirani studenti poslovnih škola.
01:56
(Laughter)
43
101000
3000
(Smijeh)
01:59
They lie, they cheat, they get distracted
44
104000
3000
Lažu, varaju, daju se smesti,
02:02
and they produce really lame structures.
45
107000
2000
i grade doista jadne strukture.
02:04
And of course there are teams
46
109000
2000
Naravno, postoje timovi
02:06
that have a lot more "ta-da" structures,
47
111000
2000
koji imaju više "ta-da" struktura,
02:08
and among the best are recent graduates of kindergarten.
48
113000
3000
a među najboljima su nedavno diplomirana djeca iz vrtića.
02:11
(Laughter)
49
116000
2000
(Smijeh)
02:13
And it's pretty amazing.
50
118000
2000
I prilično je nevjerojatno.
02:15
As Peter tells us,
51
120000
2000
Kao što nam Peter govori,
02:17
not only do they produce the tallest structures,
52
122000
2000
ne samo da grade najviše strukture,
02:19
but they're the most interesting structures of them all.
53
124000
3000
već su to najzanimljivije strukture od svih.
02:22
So the question you want to ask is:
54
127000
2000
Stoga pitanje koje želite postaviti glasi:
02:24
How come? Why? What is it about them?
55
129000
2000
Kako to? Zašto? Što to ima u njima?
02:26
And Peter likes to say that
56
131000
2000
Peter voli reći kako
02:28
none of the kids spend any time
57
133000
2000
"Nijedno dijete ne provodi vrijeme
02:30
trying to be CEO of Spaghetti, Inc. Right?
58
135000
3000
pokušavajući biti CEO Špageta Inc." Točno.
02:33
They don't spend time jockeying for power.
59
138000
2000
Ne provode vrijeme nadmečući se za moć.
02:35
But there's another reason as well.
60
140000
2000
Ali, isto tako postoji i drugi razlog.
02:37
And the reason is that business students are trained
61
142000
2000
A razlog je taj što su studenti poslovne ekonomije istrenirani
02:39
to find the single right plan, right?
62
144000
3000
da pronađu jedan točan plan, točno.
02:42
And then they execute on it.
63
147000
2000
Onda ga oni izvršavaju.
02:44
And then what happens is, when they put the marshmallow on the top,
64
149000
2000
A što se onda dogodi jest, kada stave sljez na vrh,
02:46
they run out of time and what happens?
65
151000
2000
nemaju više vremena, i što se dogodi?
02:48
It's a crisis.
66
153000
2000
Nastane kriza.
02:50
Sound familiar? Right.
67
155000
3000
Zvuči poznato? Točno.
02:53
What kindergarteners do differently
68
158000
2000
Ono što djeca iz dječjeg vrtića rade drugačije
02:55
is that they start with the marshmallow,
69
160000
2000
jest da oni počnu sa sljezom,
02:57
and they build prototypes, successive prototypes,
70
162000
3000
i izrađuju prototipove, uspješne prototipove,
03:00
always keeping the marshmallow on top,
71
165000
2000
uvijek zadržavajući sljez na vrhu,
03:02
so they have multiple times to fix when they build prototypes along the way.
72
167000
3000
tako da mogu u više navrata popraviti loše prototipove uz put.
03:05
Designers recognize this type of collaboration
73
170000
3000
Dizajneri su prepoznali takav tip suradnje
03:08
as the essence of the iterative process.
74
173000
3000
kao srž iterativnog procesa.
03:11
And with each version, kids get instant feedback
75
176000
2000
I sa svakom inačicom, djeca dobivaju trenutne povratne informacije
03:13
about what works and what doesn't work.
76
178000
3000
o tome što prolazi, a što ne.
03:16
So the capacity to play in prototype is really essential,
77
181000
3000
Dakle, mogućnost igranja s prototipovima je doista ključna,
03:19
but let's look at how different teams perform.
78
184000
3000
ali pogledajmo kako različiti timovi izvode zadatak.
03:22
So the average for most people is around 20 inches;
79
187000
3000
Za većinu ljudi prosjek je oko 50-ak cm,
03:25
business schools students, about half of that;
80
190000
2000
studenti poslovnih škola, oko polovice od toga,
03:27
lawyers, a little better, but not much better than that,
81
192000
3000
odvjetnici, malo bolje, ali ne puno bolje od toga,
03:30
kindergarteners, better than most adults.
82
195000
2000
djeca iz vrtića, bolje nego većina odraslih.
03:32
Who does the very best?
83
197000
2000
Tko je najbolji u tome?
03:34
Architects and engineers, thankfully.
84
199000
3000
Arhitekti i inžinjeri, srećom.
03:37
(Laughter)
85
202000
5000
(Smijeh)
03:42
Thirty-nine inches is the tallest structure I've seen.
86
207000
3000
100-injak cm je bila visoka najviša struktura koju sam vidio.
03:45
And why is it? Because they understand triangles
87
210000
3000
A zašto je to tako? Zato jer razumiju da su trokuti
03:48
and self-reinforcing geometrical patterns
88
213000
2000
i samo-jačajući geometrijski uzorci
03:50
are the key to building
89
215000
2000
ključni za izgradnju
03:52
stable structures.
90
217000
2000
stabilnih struktura.
03:54
So CEOs, a little bit better than average,
91
219000
3000
Dakle, CEO-ovi, malo bolje od prosjeka.
03:57
but here's where it gets interesting.
92
222000
2000
Ali ovdje tek postaje zanimljivo.
03:59
If you put you put an executive admin. on the team,
93
224000
2000
Ako u tim stavite izvršnog administratora,
04:01
they get significantly better.
94
226000
2000
dolazi do značajnog poboljšanja.
04:03
(Laughter)
95
228000
2000
(Smijeh)
04:06
It's incredible. You know, you look around, you go, "Oh, that team's going to win."
96
231000
2000
To je nevjerojatno. Znate, kada gledate okolo, i pomislite, "O, taj tim će pobijediti."
04:08
You can just tell beforehand. And why is that?
97
233000
2000
Jednostavno to možete unaprijed reći. A zašto je tome tako?
04:10
Because they have special skills
98
235000
2000
Zato jer imaju posebne vještine
04:12
of facilitation.
99
237000
2000
smanjivanja razine podražaja.
04:14
They manage the process, they understand the process.
100
239000
2000
Upravljaju procesom, razumiju proces.
04:16
And any team who manages
101
241000
2000
I svaki tim koji upravlja
04:18
and pays close attention to work
102
243000
3000
i poklanja veliku pažnju radu
04:21
will significantly improve the team's performance.
103
246000
3000
će značajno poboljšati izvedbu tima.
04:24
Specialized skills and facilitation skills
104
249000
3000
Specijalizirane vještine i vještine smanjivanja razina podražaja
04:27
are the combination that leads to strong success.
105
252000
3000
su kombinacija koja vodi do snažnog uspjeha.
04:30
If you have 10 teams that typically perform,
106
255000
2000
Ukoliko imate 10 timova koji tipično sudjeluju,
04:32
you'll get maybe six or so that have standing structures.
107
257000
2000
od toga ćete dobiti možda šest timova čije strukture stoje.
04:34
And I tried something interesting.
108
259000
2000
I pokušao sam nešto zanimljivo.
04:36
I thought, let's up the ante, once.
109
261000
3000
Pomislio sam da jednom podignemo uloge.
04:39
So I offered a 10,000 dollar prize of software to the winning team.
110
264000
3000
Pa sam ponudio softver u vrijednosti od 10.000 dolara kao nagradu pobjedničkom timu.
04:42
So what do you think happened to these design students?
111
267000
3000
Što mislite što se dogodilo s ovim studentima dizajna?
04:45
What was the result?
112
270000
2000
Koji je bio rezultat toga?
04:48
Here's what happened:
113
273000
2000
Ovo je što se dogodilo.
04:50
Not one team had a standing structure.
114
275000
3000
Nijedan tim nije imao samostojeću strukturu.
04:54
If anyone had built, say, a one inch structure,
115
279000
3000
Kada bi netko sagradio, recimo, strukturu visoku 2,5 cm,
04:57
they would have taken home the prize.
116
282000
2000
mogao bi doma odnijeti nagradu.
04:59
So, isn't that interesting? That high stakes
117
284000
2000
Dakle, nije li zanimljivo kako visoki ulozi
05:01
have a strong impact.
118
286000
2000
imaju snažan utjecaj.
05:03
We did the exercise again with the same students.
119
288000
2000
Ponovili smo vježbu s istim studentima.
05:05
What do you think happened then?
120
290000
2000
Što mislite što se tada dogodilo?
05:07
So now they understand the value of prototyping.
121
292000
3000
Sada razumiju vrijednost izrade prototipova.
05:13
So the same team went from being the very worst
122
298000
2000
Tako je jedan tim koji je bio najgori
05:15
to being among the very best.
123
300000
2000
postao jedan od najboljih.
05:17
They produced the tallest structures in the least amount of time.
124
302000
3000
Izgradili su najveće strukture u najkraćem mogućem vremenu.
05:20
So there's deep lessons for us
125
305000
2000
To je, dakle, duboka lekcija za nas
05:22
about the nature of incentives and success.
126
307000
3000
o prirodi poticaja i uspjeha.
05:25
So, you might ask: Why would anyone
127
310000
2000
Dakle, mogli biste pitati: Zašto bi itko
05:27
actually spend time writing a marshmallow challenge?
128
312000
3000
posvetio svoje vrijeme pisanju "sljezovog izazova"?
05:30
And the reason is, I help create
129
315000
2000
Razlog je taj da pomažem razviti
05:32
digital tools and processes
130
317000
2000
digitalne alate i procese
05:34
to help teams build cars and video games
131
319000
2000
koji pomažu timovima izrađivati automobile i video igre
05:36
and visual effects.
132
321000
2000
i vizualne učinke.
05:38
And what the marshmallow challenge does
133
323000
2000
A ono što sljezov izazov radi
05:40
is it helps them identify the hidden assumptions.
134
325000
3000
jest da im pomaže identificirati skrivene pretpostavke.
05:43
Because, frankly,
135
328000
2000
Jer, iskreno,
05:45
every project has its own marshmallow, doesn't it?
136
330000
3000
svaki projekt ima svoj sljez, zar ne.
05:48
The challenge provides a shared experience,
137
333000
2000
Izazov pruža zajedničko iskustvo,
05:50
a common language,
138
335000
2000
zajednički jezik,
05:52
a common stance to build the right prototype.
139
337000
2000
zajednički stav da se izgradi pravi prototip.
05:54
And so, this is the value of the experience,
140
339000
2000
I dakle, to je vrijednost tog iskustva,
05:56
of this so simple exercise.
141
341000
2000
te jednostavne vježbe.
05:58
And those of you who are interested
142
343000
2000
Za one koji su zainteresirani,
06:00
may want to go to MarshmallowChallenge.com.
143
345000
2000
mogu to pogledati na marshmallowchallenge.com.
06:02
It's a blog that you can look at
144
347000
2000
To je blog na kojem možete gledati
06:04
how to build the marshmallows.
145
349000
2000
kako izgraditi sljez.
06:06
There's step-by-step instructions on this.
146
351000
2000
Postoje korak-po-korak upute o tome.
06:08
There are crazy examples from around the world
147
353000
3000
Postoje ludi primjeri iz cijelog svijeta
06:11
of how people tweak and adjust the system.
148
356000
2000
kako ljudi uštimavaju i prilagođavaju sustav.
06:13
There's world records that are on this as well.
149
358000
2000
Postoje i svjetski rekordi u tome.
06:15
And the fundamental lesson, I believe,
150
360000
2000
Ključna lekcija je, vjerujem,
06:17
is that design truly is
151
362000
2000
kako je dizajn istinski
06:19
a contact sport.
152
364000
2000
kontaktni sport.
06:21
It demands that we bring all of our senses to the task,
153
366000
3000
Zahtjeva od nas da uključimo sva osjetila kod rješavanja zadatka,
06:24
and that we apply the very best of our thinking,
154
369000
2000
i primjenu naših najboljih razmišljanja,
06:26
our feeling and our doing
155
371000
3000
naše osjećaje i naša djela
06:29
to the challenge that we have at hand.
156
374000
2000
u rješavanju izazova koji nam je pri ruci.
06:31
And sometimes, a little prototype of this experience
157
376000
3000
I, ponekad, malen prototip ovog iskustva
06:34
is all that it takes to turn us
158
379000
2000
jest sve što nam treba da prijeđemo
06:36
from an "uh-oh" moment to a "ta-da" moment.
159
381000
2000
od "uh-oh" trenutka do "ta-da" trenutka.
06:38
And that can make a big difference.
160
383000
2000
A to može napraviti razliku.
06:40
Thank you very much.
161
385000
2000
Puno vam hvala.
06:42
(Applause)
162
387000
2000
(Pljesak)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Tom Wujec - DesignerTom Wujec studies how we share and absorb information. He's an innovative practitioner of business visualization -- using design and technology to help groups solve problems and understand ideas. He is a Fellow at Autodesk.
Why you should listen
Tom Wujec is a Fellow at Autodesk, the makers of design software for engineers, filmmakers, designers. At Autodesk, he has worked on software including SketchBook Pro, PortfolioWall and Maya (which won an Academy Award for its contribution to the film industry). As a Fellow, he helps companies work in the emerging field of business visualization, the art of using images, sketches and infographics to help teams solve complex problems as a group.
He's the author of several books, including Five-Star Mind: Games and Puzzles to Stimulate Your Creativity and Imagination.
Tom Wujec | Speaker | TED.com