TED2010
Tom Wujec: Build a tower, build a team
Tom Wujec: ehita torn, loo meeskond
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Tom Wujec esitab üllatavalt süvitsiminevaid uurimistulemusi seoses "vahukommi ülesandega" - see on lihtne meeskonnaloomise harjutus, milleks on vaja keetmata spagette, ühte meetrit kleeplinti ja ühte vahukommi. Kes suudab neist koostisosadest ehitada kõige kõrgema torni? Ja miks saab üllatusmeeskond alati tavalise üle võidu?
Tom Wujec - Designer
Tom Wujec studies how we share and absorb information. He's an innovative practitioner of business visualization -- using design and technology to help groups solve problems and understand ideas. He is a Fellow at Autodesk. Full bio
Tom Wujec studies how we share and absorb information. He's an innovative practitioner of business visualization -- using design and technology to help groups solve problems and understand ideas. He is a Fellow at Autodesk. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:16
Several years ago here at TED, Peter Skillman
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Mitu aastat tagasi tutvustas Peter Skillman
00:18
introduced a design challenge
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siin TED-il disainialast ülesannet,
00:20
called the marshmallow challenge.
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mille nimi on vahukommi ülesanne.
00:22
And the idea's pretty simple:
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Selle idee on üsna lihtne.
00:24
Teams of four have to build the tallest free-standing structure
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Neljaliikmelised meeskonnad peavad ehitama kõrgeima
00:26
out of 20 sticks of spaghetti,
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iseseisvalt püsti püsiva ehitise 20 spagetist,
00:28
one yard of tape, one yard of string
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meetrist kleeplindist, meetrist nöörist
00:30
and a marshmallow.
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ja ühest vahukommist.
00:32
The marshmallow has to be on top.
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Vahukomm peab asetsema kõige peal.
00:34
And, though it seems really simple, it's actually pretty hard
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Ja kuigi see tundub lihtsana, on see tegelikult üsna raske,
00:37
because it forces people
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sest see sunnib inimesi
00:39
to collaborate very quickly.
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väga kiirelt koostööd tegema.
00:41
And so, I thought this was an interesting idea,
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Minu meelest oli see huvitav mõte
00:43
and I incorporated it into a design workshop.
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ja ma kasutasin seda ühel disaini-workshopil.
00:46
And it was a huge success.
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See oli erakordselt menukas.
00:48
And since then, I've conducted
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Ja sellest ajast saadik olen ma läbi viinud
00:50
about 70 design workshops across the world
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umbes 70 disaini-workshopi üle maailma
00:52
with students and designers and architects,
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tudengite, disainerite ja arhitektidega
00:54
even the CTOs of the Fortune 50,
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ning isegi tippettevõtete juhtidega
00:57
and there's something about this exercise
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ja selles ülesandes on midagi,
00:59
that reveals very deep lessons
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mis annab väga sügavaid õppetunde
01:01
about the nature of collaboration,
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koostöö olemuse kohta
01:03
and I'd like to share some of them with you.
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ning ma tahaksin mõnda neist teiega jagada.
01:05
So, normally, most people begin
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Inimesed alustavad tavaliselt sellest,
01:08
by orienting themselves to the task.
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et häälestavad end ülesandele.
01:11
They talk about it, they figure out what it's going to look like,
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Nad räägivad sellest, kavandavad, milline see hakkab välja nägema,
01:14
they jockey for power.
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võitlevad võimu pärast,
01:16
Then they spend some time planning, organizing,
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siis veedavad aega planeerides ja organiseerides.
01:18
they sketch and they lay out spaghetti.
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Nad teevad jooniseid ja laovad spagetid ritta.
01:21
They spend the majority of their time
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Nad veedavad suurema osa ajast
01:23
assembling the sticks into ever-growing structures.
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liites pulki üha kasvavateks struktuurideks
01:26
And then finally, just as they're running out of time,
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ja siis, lõpuks, kui aeg hakkab otsa saama,
01:29
someone takes out the marshmallow,
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otsib keegi välja vahukommi
01:31
and then they gingerly put it on top,
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ja nad panevad selle ettevaatlikult kõige peale
01:34
and then they stand back, and -- ta-da! --
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ja astuvad sammu tagasi ja - ohoo!
01:37
they admire their work.
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imetlevad oma tööd.
01:39
But what really happens, most of the time,
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Aga enamasti juhtub tegelikult nii,
01:41
is that the "ta-da" turns into an "uh-oh,"
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et "ohoo-st" saab "oi-oi",
01:44
because the weight of the marshmallow causes the entire structure
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sest vahukommi raskus paneb terve karkassi
01:46
to buckle and to collapse.
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järgi andma ja kokku vajuma.
01:48
So there are a number of people
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On teatud arv inimesi,
01:50
who have a lot more "uh-oh" moments than others,
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kelle puhul tuleb "oi-oi" hetki ette rohkem kui teiste puhul
01:53
and among the worst are recent graduates of business school.
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ja nõrgimate seas on äsja ärikooli lõpetanud.
01:56
(Laughter)
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(Naer)
01:59
They lie, they cheat, they get distracted
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Nad valetavad, petavad, lasevad oma tähelepanu kõrvale juhtida
02:02
and they produce really lame structures.
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ja loovad tõeliselt mannetuid ehitisi.
02:04
And of course there are teams
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Ja loomulikult on meeskondi,
02:06
that have a lot more "ta-da" structures,
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kellel on rohkem "ohoo" ehitisi
02:08
and among the best are recent graduates of kindergarten.
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ja parimate hulgas on äsja lasteaia lõpetanud.
02:11
(Laughter)
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(Naer)
02:13
And it's pretty amazing.
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See on tõesti hämmastav.
02:15
As Peter tells us,
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Peter väidab meile,
02:17
not only do they produce the tallest structures,
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et nad mitte ainult ei loo kõige kõrgemaid ehitisi,
02:19
but they're the most interesting structures of them all.
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vaid ka kõige huvitavamaid.
02:22
So the question you want to ask is:
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Niisiis, tahan küsida:
02:24
How come? Why? What is it about them?
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Kuidas nii? Miks? Miks just nemad?
02:26
And Peter likes to say that
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Peter tavatseb öelda, et
02:28
none of the kids spend any time
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"Mitte ükski lastest ei raiska aega,
02:30
trying to be CEO of Spaghetti, Inc. Right?
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püüdes saada Spaghetti Inc peadirektoriks." Eks.
02:33
They don't spend time jockeying for power.
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Nad ei raiska aega võimu pärast võideldes.
02:35
But there's another reason as well.
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Aga on ka üks teine põhjus.
02:37
And the reason is that business students are trained
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Ja see põhjus on, et äri eriala üliõpilasi on õpetatud
02:39
to find the single right plan, right?
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leidma ainsat õiget lahendust.
02:42
And then they execute on it.
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Ja siis nad viivad selle ellu.
02:44
And then what happens is, when they put the marshmallow on the top,
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Aga kui nad vahukommi kõige peale panevad
02:46
they run out of time and what happens?
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ja aeg otsa saab, mis siis juhtub?
02:48
It's a crisis.
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Ongi kriis.
02:50
Sound familiar? Right.
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Kõlab tuttavalt. Eks ole.
02:53
What kindergarteners do differently
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Lasteaialapsed tegutsevad teistmoodi,
02:55
is that they start with the marshmallow,
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nad alustavad asja vahukommist
02:57
and they build prototypes, successive prototypes,
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ja ehitavad mitmeid järjestikuseid prototüüpe,
03:00
always keeping the marshmallow on top,
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alati hoides vahukommi kõige peal,
03:02
so they have multiple times to fix when they build prototypes along the way.
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nii et neil on mitmeid võimalusi parandada halvasti ehitatud prototüüpe töö käigus.
03:05
Designers recognize this type of collaboration
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Disainerid tunnevad seda tüüpi koostöös ära
03:08
as the essence of the iterative process.
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iteratiivse protsessi olemuse.
03:11
And with each version, kids get instant feedback
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Iga variandiga saavad lapsed kohe tagasisidet
03:13
about what works and what doesn't work.
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selle kohta, mis toimib ja mis mitte.
03:16
So the capacity to play in prototype is really essential,
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Nii et võime mängida prototüüpidega on tõesti esmatähtis,
03:19
but let's look at how different teams perform.
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aga vaatame, kuidas erinevad meeskonnad on hakkama saanud.
03:22
So the average for most people is around 20 inches;
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Enamiku inimeste jaoks on keskmine 50 sentimeetrit,
03:25
business schools students, about half of that;
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ärikoolide üliõpilaste jaoks umbes pool sellest,
03:27
lawyers, a little better, but not much better than that,
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advokaatidel läheb veidi paremini, aga mitte palju,
03:30
kindergarteners, better than most adults.
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lasteaialastel läheb paremini kui enamikul täiskasvanutest.
03:32
Who does the very best?
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Kes saavad kõige paremini hakkama?
03:34
Architects and engineers, thankfully.
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Arhitektid ja insenerid - õnneks!
03:37
(Laughter)
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(Naer)
03:42
Thirty-nine inches is the tallest structure I've seen.
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Kõrgeim ehitis, mida olen näinud, oli 99 sentimeetrit pikk.
03:45
And why is it? Because they understand triangles
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Miks see nii on? Sest nad mõistavad, et kolmnurgad
03:48
and self-reinforcing geometrical patterns
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ja iseennast toetavad geomeetrilised kujundid
03:50
are the key to building
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on esmatähtsad, kui ehitate
03:52
stable structures.
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püsivaid rajatisi.
03:54
So CEOs, a little bit better than average,
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Tippjuhid saavad keskmisest veidi paremini hakkama.
03:57
but here's where it gets interesting.
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Aga siin muutub asi huvitavaks.
03:59
If you put you put an executive admin. on the team,
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Kui te panete meeskonda tegevjuhi,
04:01
they get significantly better.
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muutub meeskond oluliselt paremaks.
04:03
(Laughter)
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(Naer)
04:06
It's incredible. You know, you look around, you go, "Oh, that team's going to win."
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See on uskumatu. Te vaatate ringi ja ütlete: "See meeskond võidab."
04:08
You can just tell beforehand. And why is that?
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Seda on ette näha. Ja miks?
04:10
Because they have special skills
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Sest neil on spetsiaalsed oskused,
04:12
of facilitation.
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kuidas asju toimima panna.
04:14
They manage the process, they understand the process.
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Nad juhivad protsessi, mõistavad protsessi.
04:16
And any team who manages
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Meeskond, mille tegevus on korraldatud
04:18
and pays close attention to work
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ja kus tööle pööratakse pingsat tähelepanu,
04:21
will significantly improve the team's performance.
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saavutab oluliselt paremaid tulemusi.
04:24
Specialized skills and facilitation skills
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Erialased oskused ja juhtimisoskused -
04:27
are the combination that leads to strong success.
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nende kombinatsioon tagab kindla edu.
04:30
If you have 10 teams that typically perform,
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Kui teil on 10 keskmise oskusega meeskonda,
04:32
you'll get maybe six or so that have standing structures.
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on tulemuseks umbes kuus püstiseisvat ehitist.
04:34
And I tried something interesting.
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Ma katsetasin midagi põnevat.
04:36
I thought, let's up the ante, once.
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Mõtlesin, et tõstame korraks panuseid.
04:39
So I offered a 10,000 dollar prize of software to the winning team.
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Pakkusin võitjameeskonnale autasuks 10 000 dollari eest tarkvara.
04:42
So what do you think happened to these design students?
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Mis te arvate, mis nende disainitudengitega juhtus?
04:45
What was the result?
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Milline oli tulemus?
04:48
Here's what happened:
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Juhtus nii.
04:50
Not one team had a standing structure.
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Mitte ükski meeskond ei suutnud luua püstiseisvat ehitist.
04:54
If anyone had built, say, a one inch structure,
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Kui keegi oleks saanud hakkama isegi kolmesentimeetrise ehitisega,
04:57
they would have taken home the prize.
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oleks ta auhinna endale saanud.
04:59
So, isn't that interesting? That high stakes
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Kas pole huvitav, et kõrged panused
05:01
have a strong impact.
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mängivad nii suurt rolli?
05:03
We did the exercise again with the same students.
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Ma andsin sama ülesande uuesti samadele tudengitele.
05:05
What do you think happened then?
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Mis te arvate, mis siis juhtus?
05:07
So now they understand the value of prototyping.
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Nüüd nad mõistsid prototüüpide ehitamise vajalikkust.
05:13
So the same team went from being the very worst
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Sama meeskond, kes enne oli kõige nõrgem,
05:15
to being among the very best.
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oli nüüd kõige tugevamate hulgas.
05:17
They produced the tallest structures in the least amount of time.
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Nad valmistasid kõige kõrgemaid ehitisi kõige lühema ajaga.
05:20
So there's deep lessons for us
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Siin peitub meie jaoks sügav õppetund
05:22
about the nature of incentives and success.
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stiimulite ja edu olemuse kohta.
05:25
So, you might ask: Why would anyone
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Te võite küsida: miks peaks keegi üldse
05:27
actually spend time writing a marshmallow challenge?
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raiskama aega vahukommi ülesande peale?
05:30
And the reason is, I help create
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Põhjus on selles, et ma aitan luua
05:32
digital tools and processes
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digitaalseid tööriistu ja protsesse
05:34
to help teams build cars and video games
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mis aitavad meeskondadel ehitada autosid ja videomänge
05:36
and visual effects.
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ning luua visuaalseid efekte.
05:38
And what the marshmallow challenge does
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Vahukommi ülesanne
05:40
is it helps them identify the hidden assumptions.
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aitab neil tuvastada varjatud oletusi.
05:43
Because, frankly,
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Sest tegelikult
05:45
every project has its own marshmallow, doesn't it?
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on igal projektil oma vahukomm, eks?
05:48
The challenge provides a shared experience,
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Ülesanne pakub jagatud kogemust,
05:50
a common language,
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ühist keelt,
05:52
a common stance to build the right prototype.
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ühist pürgimust ehitada õige prototüüp.
05:54
And so, this is the value of the experience,
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Sellise väärtusliku kogemuse annabki
05:56
of this so simple exercise.
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see ülimalt lihtne ülesanne.
05:58
And those of you who are interested
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Need, keda asi huvitab,
06:00
may want to go to MarshmallowChallenge.com.
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võiksid külastada kodulehte marshmallowchallenge.com.
06:02
It's a blog that you can look at
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See on blog, kust te saate teada,
06:04
how to build the marshmallows.
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kuidas ehitada vahukommidest.
06:06
There's step-by-step instructions on this.
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Seal on samm-sammulised juhised.
06:08
There are crazy examples from around the world
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On pööraseid näiteid üle kogu maailma,
06:11
of how people tweak and adjust the system.
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kuidas inimesed on süsteemi täiustanud ja kohandanud.
06:13
There's world records that are on this as well.
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Sellega seoses on tehtud ka maailmarekordeid.
06:15
And the fundamental lesson, I believe,
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Aga peamine õppetund on minu meelest see,
06:17
is that design truly is
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et disain on tõesti
06:19
a contact sport.
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meeskonnamäng.
06:21
It demands that we bring all of our senses to the task,
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See eeldab, et me keskendame ülesandele kõik oma meeled,
06:24
and that we apply the very best of our thinking,
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et me rakendame parimal viisil oma mõistuse,
06:26
our feeling and our doing
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oma tunded ja oma teod
06:29
to the challenge that we have at hand.
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käesoleva ülesande lahendamiseks.
06:31
And sometimes, a little prototype of this experience
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Ja vahel on seda ülesannet lahendades ehitatud prototüüp
06:34
is all that it takes to turn us
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ainus asi, mida on vaja, et viia meid
06:36
from an "uh-oh" moment to a "ta-da" moment.
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"oi-oi" hetke juurest "ohoo" hetke juurde.
06:38
And that can make a big difference.
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Ja see võib osutuda väga oluliseks.
06:40
Thank you very much.
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Tänan teid väga.
06:42
(Applause)
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(Aplaus)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Tom Wujec - DesignerTom Wujec studies how we share and absorb information. He's an innovative practitioner of business visualization -- using design and technology to help groups solve problems and understand ideas. He is a Fellow at Autodesk.
Why you should listen
Tom Wujec is a Fellow at Autodesk, the makers of design software for engineers, filmmakers, designers. At Autodesk, he has worked on software including SketchBook Pro, PortfolioWall and Maya (which won an Academy Award for its contribution to the film industry). As a Fellow, he helps companies work in the emerging field of business visualization, the art of using images, sketches and infographics to help teams solve complex problems as a group.
He's the author of several books, including Five-Star Mind: Games and Puzzles to Stimulate Your Creativity and Imagination.
Tom Wujec | Speaker | TED.com