ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Michael Sandel - Political philosopher
Michael Sandel teaches political philosophy at Harvard, exploring some of the most hotly contested moral and political issues of our time.

Why you should listen

Michael Sandel is one of the best known American public intellectuals. The London Observer calls him "one of the most popular teachers in the world" and indeed his lectures at Harvard draw thousands of students eager to discuss big questions of modern political life: bioethics, torture, rights versus responsibilities, the value we put on things. Sandel's class is a primer on thinking through the hard choices we face as citizens. The course has been turned into a public TV series with companion website and book: Justice: What’s the Right Thing to Do? In his newest book, What Money Can't Buy, he challenges the idea that markets are morally neutral.
 
"To understand the importance of his purpose," a Guardian reviewer wrote of the book, "you first have to grasp the full extent of the triumph achieved by market thinking in economics, and the extent to which that thinking has spread to other domains. This school sees economics as a discipline that has nothing to do with morality, and is instead the study of incentives, considered in an ethical vacuum. Sandel's book is, in its calm way, an all-out assault on that idea, and on the influential doctrine that the economic approach to "utility maximisation" explains all human behaviour."

Read more about his thinking on markets and morality: "Lunch with Michael Sandel" on FT.com >>  

More profile about the speaker
Michael Sandel | Speaker | TED.com
TEDGlobal 2013

Michael Sandel: Why we shouldn't trust markets with our civic life

迈克尔·桑德尔: 为什么我们不能把公民生活托付给市场

Filmed:
2,044,888 views

迈克尔·桑德尔(Michael Sandel)表示:过去30年,美国已从市场经济漂流到市场社会。美国人的公民生活端赖身家财产,这种说法不失公允。(三个重要的例子:教育、司法、政治影响力)在这场听众参与讨论的演说,桑德尔请大家诚实思考一个问题:现行的民主社会,是否凡事都可以出售?
- Political philosopher
Michael Sandel teaches political philosophy at Harvard, exploring some of the most hotly contested moral and political issues of our time. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:13
Here's这里的 a question we need to rethink反思 together一起:
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我们需要共同反思一个问题
00:17
What should be the role角色 of money
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金钱和市场
00:20
and markets市场 in our societies社会?
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在社会上应该扮演什么角色?
00:23
Today今天, there are very few少数 things
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现在极少东西
00:26
that money can't buy购买.
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是金钱买不到的
00:28
If you're sentenced判刑 to a jail监狱 term术语
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如果你被判刑
00:30
in Santa圣诞老人 Barbara芭芭拉, California加州,
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在加州圣巴巴拉入监
00:32
you should know
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你应该知道
00:34
that if you don't like the standard标准 accommodations宿舍,
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如果不喜欢标准牢房
00:36
you can buy购买 a prison监狱 cell细胞 upgrade升级.
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可以花钱升级
00:41
It's true真正. For how much, do you think?
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没错!你们猜要花多少钱?
00:44
What would you guess猜测?
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猜猜看?
00:46
Five hundred dollars美元?
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500美元?
00:47
It's not the Ritz-Carlton丽思卡尔顿. It's a jail监狱!
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监狱可不是丽思卡尔顿酒店
00:51
Eighty-two八十二 dollars美元 a night.
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82元一晚
00:53
Eighty-two八十二 dollars美元 a night.
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每晚收费82美元
00:55
If you go to an amusement娱乐 park公园
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如果你去游乐园
00:57
and don't want to stand in the long lines线
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不愿为了热门游乐设施
01:00
for the popular流行 rides游乐设施,
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大排长龙
01:01
there is now a solution.
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现在有办法解决
01:04
In many许多 theme主题 parks公园, you can pay工资 extra额外
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许多主题公园,你只要多付钱
01:09
to jump to the head of the line线.
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就可以不用排队
01:10
They call them Fast快速 Track跟踪 or VIP要人 tickets门票.
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这叫快速通道或VIP票
01:15
And this isn't only happening事件 in amusement娱乐 parks公园.
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这种现象不限于游乐园
01:18
In Washington华盛顿, D.C., long lines线,
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在华盛顿特区
01:21
queues队列 sometimes有时 form形成
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偶尔也要大排长龙
01:23
for important重要 Congressional国会 hearings听证会.
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才能参加重要的国会听证会
01:27
Now some people don't like to wait in long queues队列,
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可是有些人不喜欢排长队
01:31
maybe overnight过夜, even in the rain.
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可能是彻夜排队,甚至会淋雨
01:33
So now, for lobbyists说客 and others其他
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游说者和一些人
01:35
who are very keen敏锐 to attend出席 these hearings听证会
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非常想参加听证会
01:37
but don't like to wait, there are companies公司,
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但不想排队,有公司因应而生
01:40
line-standing线站立 companies公司,
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这叫排队公司
01:42
and you can go to them.
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你可以找他们
01:44
You can pay工资 them a certain某些 amount of money,
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只要付合适的价钱
01:46
they hire聘请 homeless无家可归 people and others其他 who need a job工作
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公司就雇用游民或需要工作的人
01:49
to stand waiting等候 in the line线 for as long as it takes,
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这个队需要排多久他们就等多久
01:52
and the lobbyist说客, just before the hearing听力 begins开始,
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游说者只要在听证会开始前
01:55
can take his or her place地点 at the head of the line线
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取代排在最前面的人
01:58
and a seat座位 in the front面前 of the room房间.
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就可以坐在会场的前排
02:01
Paid付费 line线 standing常设.
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这是付费排队服务
02:04
It's happening事件, the recourse追索权 to market市场 mechanisms机制
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市场机制运用技巧
02:07
and market市场 thinking思维 and market市场 solutions解决方案,
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市场思维方式和市场解决方案技巧
02:10
in bigger arenas竞技场.
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在更大舞台也看得到
02:13
Take the way we fight斗争 our wars战争.
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例如我们的作战方式
02:15
Did you know that, in Iraq伊拉克 and Afghanistan阿富汗,
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你知不知道,在伊拉克和阿富汗
02:18
there were more private私人的 military军事 contractors承包商 on the ground地面
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私营军事承包商的数量
02:22
than there were U.S. military军事 troops军队?
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多于美国军队人数
02:26
Now this isn't because we had a public上市 debate辩论
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并非因为我们公开辩论过
02:29
about whether是否 we wanted to outsource外包 war战争
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是否要外包战争
02:32
to private私人的 companies公司,
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给私人公司
02:34
but this is what has happened发生.
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但这是既成事实
02:37
Over the past过去 three decades几十年,
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过去三十年
02:40
we have lived生活 through通过 a quiet安静 revolution革命.
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我们经历了一场宁静革命
02:44
We've我们已经 drifted漂流 almost几乎 without realizing实现 it
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几乎未察觉我们已经
02:49
from having a market市场 economy经济
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从市场经济
02:52
to becoming变得 market市场 societies社会.
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渐渐变成市场社会
02:56
The difference区别 is this: A market市场 economy经济 is a tool工具,
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二者差别在于:市场经济是工具
02:59
a valuable有价值 and effective有效 tool工具,
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一种有用、有效的工具
03:01
for organizing组织 productive生产的 activity活动,
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用于组织生产活动
03:04
but a market市场 society社会 is a place地点 where
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但是市场社会
03:07
almost几乎 everything is up for sale拍卖.
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几乎凡事都可以出售
03:10
It's a way of life, in which哪一个 market市场 thinking思维
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市场社会是一种生活方式
03:14
and market市场 values begin开始 to dominate支配
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市场的思维和价值开始主导
03:16
every一切 aspect方面 of life:
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生活的每个层面:
03:20
personal个人 relations关系, family家庭 life, health健康, education教育,
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私人关系、家庭生活、健康、教育
03:25
politics政治, law, civic公民 life.
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政治、法律、公民生活
03:28
Now, why worry担心? Why worry担心 about our becoming变得
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为什么要担心?我们何必担心
03:33
market市场 societies社会?
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变成市场社会?
03:36
For two reasons原因, I think.
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我认为原因有两个
03:39
One of them has to do with inequality不等式.
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原因之一是不平等
03:44
The more things money can buy购买,
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钱能买到的东西越多
03:47
the more affluence富裕, or the lack缺乏 of it, matters事项.
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富裕与否就越重要
03:51
If the only thing that money determined决心
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如果钱只能让人
03:54
was access访问 to yachts游艇 or fancy幻想 vacations休假 or BMWs宝马,
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买游艇、宝马或是享受豪华假期
04:00
then inequality不等式 wouldn't不会 matter very much.
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不平等就没那么重要
04:04
But when money comes increasingly日益 to govern治理
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但是当金钱越来越能够支配
04:08
access访问 to the essentials要领 of the good life --
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美好生活的要素--
04:12
decent正经 health健康 care关心, access访问 to the best最好 education教育,
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像样的医疗服务,优良的教育
04:16
political政治 voice语音 and influence影响 in campaigns活动 --
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选举中的政治话语权和影响力--
04:21
when money comes to govern治理 all of those things,
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当金钱完全支配了这些要素
04:25
inequality不等式 matters事项 a great deal合同.
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不平等就事关重大
04:27
And so the marketization市场化 of everything
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因此,全面市场化
04:30
sharpens锐化 the sting of inequality不等式
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使不平等及其社会和公民效应
04:33
and its social社会 and civic公民 consequence后果.
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刺痛更为尖锐
04:35
That's one reason原因 to worry担心.
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不平等只是原因之一
04:38
There's a second第二 reason原因
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另一个原因
04:41
apart距离 from the worry担心 about inequality不等式,
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也令人担心
04:45
and it's this:
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那就是
04:47
with some social社会 goods产品 and practices做法,
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有些社会商品和常规
04:51
when market市场 thinking思维 and market市场 values enter输入,
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一旦被市场思维和价值介入
04:56
they may可能 change更改 the meaning含义 of those practices做法
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那些常规的意义可能因此会改变
04:59
and crowd人群 out attitudes态度 and norms规范
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值得我们关心的态度和规范
05:02
worth价值 caring爱心 about.
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也可能被排挤
05:04
I'd like to take an example
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我想举一个
05:07
of a controversial争论的 use of a market市场 mechanism机制,
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运用市场机制而受争议的例子
05:11
a cash现金 incentive激励, and see what you think about it.
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即金钱奖励机制,看看你们怎么想的
05:15
Many许多 schools学校 struggle斗争 with the challenge挑战
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许多学校面临严峻挑战
05:19
of motivating激励 kids孩子, especially特别 kids孩子
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怎样才能鼓励孩子用功读书
05:21
from disadvantaged劣势 backgrounds背景, to study研究 hard,
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尤其是来自弱势背景的孩子
05:25
to do well in school学校, to apply应用 themselves他们自己.
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怎样才能表现良好,努力向上
05:28
Some economists经济学家 have proposed建议 a market市场 solution:
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一些经济学家提出市场解决方案
05:32
Offer提供 cash现金 incentives奖励 to kids孩子 for getting得到 good grades等级
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提供金钱奖励,只要孩子成绩好
05:36
or high test测试 scores分数
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或考试分数高
05:38
or for reading books图书.
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或阅读书籍
05:40
They've他们已经 tried试着 this, actually其实.
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事实上他们尝试过这个办法
05:42
They've他们已经 doneDONE some experiments实验
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在美国一些主要城市
05:43
in some major重大的 American美国 cities城市.
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他们做过实验
05:46
In New York纽约, in Chicago芝加哥, in Washington华盛顿, D.C.,
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在纽约、芝加哥、华盛顿特区
05:50
they've他们已经 tried试着 this, offering 50 dollars美元 for an A,
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他们的做法是:成绩A给50美元
05:54
35 dollars美元 for a B.
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B则给35美元
05:56
In Dallas达拉斯, Texas德州, they have a program程序 that offers报价
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德州达拉斯有这样一个计划
05:59
eight-year-olds八岁的孩子 two dollars美元 for each book they read.
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八岁的学童每读一本书奖励两美元
06:04
So let's see what -- Some people are in favor偏爱,
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有些人支持这个方法
06:07
some people are opposed反对 to this cash现金 incentive激励
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有些人反对利用金钱
06:10
to motivate刺激 achievement成就.
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鼓励学生向上
06:12
Let's see what people here think about it.
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我想知道你们的看法
06:14
Imagine想像 that you are the head of a major重大的 school学校 system系统,
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假设你是一个主要学区的主管
06:19
and someone有人 comes to you with this proposal提案.
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有人向你提出这种建议
06:22
And let's say it's a foundation基础. They will provide提供 the funds资金.
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假设是基金会的提议,他们出钱
06:24
You don't have to take it out of your budget预算.
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学校不用出钱
06:26
How many许多 would be in favor偏爱
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有多少人会赞成
06:28
and how many许多 would be opposed反对 to giving it a try?
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多少人会反对对此进行尝试
06:31
Let's see by a show显示 of hands.
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请举手回答
06:33
First, how many许多 think it might威力 at least最小 be worth价值 a try
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认为至少值得一试的人
06:36
to see if it would work? Raise提高 your hand.
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请举手
06:40
And how many许多 would be opposed反对? How many许多 would --
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反对的人有多少?
06:43
So the majority多数 here are opposed反对,
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看来多数人反对
06:46
but a sizable可观 minority少数民族 are in favor偏爱.
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但赞成的也不少
06:49
Let's have a discussion讨论.
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我们讨论一下
06:50
Let's start开始 with those of you who object目的,
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从反方开始
06:53
who would rule规则 it out even before trying.
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你们连试都不愿意试
06:56
What would be your reason原因?
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理由何在?
06:58
Who will get our discussion讨论 started开始? Yes?
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谁愿意起个头?你?
07:02
Heike海克 Moses摩西: Hello你好 everyone大家, I'm Heike海克,
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Heike Moses:大家好,我是Heike
07:04
and I think it just kills杀死 the intrinsic固有 motivation动机,
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我认为那会抹杀内在的动力
07:06
so in the respect尊重 that children孩子, if they would like to read,
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如果学童想要读书
07:12
you just take this incentive激励 away
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钱只会驱除内在的动力
07:14
in just paying付款 them, so it just changes变化 behavior行为.
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给钱只能改变行为
07:17
Michael迈克尔 Sandel桑德尔: Takes the intrinsic固有 incentive激励 away.
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Michael Sandel:驱除内在的动力
07:21
What is, or should be, the intrinsic固有 motivation动机?
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内在的动力是什么?应该是什么?
07:25
HMHM: Well, the intrinsic固有 motivation动机
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HM:内在动力嘛
07:26
should be to learn学习.
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应该是学习
07:28
MS女士: To learn学习.
HMHM: To get to know the world世界.
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MS:学习
HM:为了认识世界
07:31
And then, if you stop paying付款 them, what happens发生 then?
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要是停止给钱,结果会怎样?
07:34
Then they stop reading?
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他们会不会停止阅读?
07:36
MS女士: Now, let's see if there's someone有人 who favors好处,
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MS:现在看看有没有赞成的
07:39
who thinks it's worth价值 trying this.
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谁认为值得一试
07:41
Elizabeth伊丽莎白 Loftus洛夫特斯: I'm Elizabeth伊丽莎白 Loftus洛夫特斯,
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Elizabeth Loftus:我是Elizabeth Loftus
07:43
and you said worth价值 a try, so why not try it
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你问是否值得一试,试试看又何妨
07:47
and do the experiment实验 and measure测量 things?
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何妨做做实验,衡量结果
07:51
MS女士: And measure测量. And what would you measure测量?
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MS:衡量。衡量什么?
07:54
You'd measure测量 how many许多 --
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你要衡量有多少...
07:55
ELEL: How many许多 books图书 they read
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EL:他们读了多少书
07:57
and how many许多 books图书 they continued继续 to read
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停止给钱之后
08:00
after you stopped停止 paying付款 them.
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又继续读了多少书
08:02
MS女士: Oh, after you stopped停止 paying付款.
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MS:哦,不给钱以后读了多少
08:04
All right, what about that?
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行,这可以嘛?
08:05
HMHM: To be frank坦率, I just think
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HM:老实说,我认为
08:07
this is, not to offend得罪 anyone任何人, a very American美国 way.
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我无意冒犯,这非常美国作风
08:12
(Laughter笑声) (Applause掌声)
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(笑声)(掌声)
08:18
MS女士: All right. What's emerged出现 from this discussion讨论
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MS:好,这个讨论
08:21
is the following以下 question:
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点出了一个问题:
08:23
Will the cash现金 incentive激励 drive驾驶 out or corrupt腐败
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金钱奖励会不会驱除或败坏
08:27
or crowd人群 out the higher更高 motivation动机,
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或排挤更高层次的动力?
08:30
the intrinsic固有 lesson that we hope希望 to convey传达,
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我们希望传达的内在动力
08:35
which哪一个 is to learn学习 to love to learn学习 and to read
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就是培养对学习的热爱
08:39
for their own拥有 sakes缘故?
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以及为阅读而阅读
08:41
And people disagree不同意 about what the effect影响 will be,
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市场机制的效果,大家意见不同
08:45
but that seems似乎 to be the question,
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但这似乎是问题之所在
08:48
that somehow不知何故 a market市场 mechanism机制
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市场机制或金钱奖励
08:50
or a cash现金 incentive激励 teaches the wrong错误 lesson,
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似乎是错误的教学
08:55
and if it does, what will become成为 of these children孩子 later后来?
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如果真的错了,学童将来会怎样?
08:58
I should tell you what's happened发生 with these experiments实验.
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我应该告诉你们实验的结果
09:02
The cash现金 for good grades等级 has had very mixed results结果,
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用钱奖励好成绩,毁誉参半
09:06
for the most part部分 has not resulted导致 in higher更高 grades等级.
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大体上不会导致更佳的成绩
09:09
The two dollars美元 for each book
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读一本书给两美元
09:12
did lead those kids孩子 to read more books图书.
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学童确实读更多书
09:15
It also led them to read shorter books图书.
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也因此看页数较少的书
09:18
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
09:22
But the real真实 question is,
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但真正的问题是
09:23
what will become成为 of these kids孩子 later后来?
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这些孩子将来会怎样
09:26
Will they have learned学到了 that reading is a chore苦差事,
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会不会认定阅读是苦差事
09:28
a form形成 of piecework计件工作 to be doneDONE for pay工资, that's the worry担心,
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是按件计酬的工作,那就令人担心
09:31
or may可能 it lead them to read maybe for the wrong错误 reason原因 initially原来
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也可能他们开始或许动机不正
09:36
but then lead them to fall秋季 in love with reading for its own拥有 sake清酒?
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但日后会爱上阅读的乐趣
09:41
Now, what this, even this brief简要 debate辩论, brings带来 out
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连这小小的辩论也指出了
09:45
is something that many许多 economists经济学家 overlook俯瞰.
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许多经济学家疏忽之处
09:49
Economists经济学家 often经常 assume承担
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经济学家通常认为
09:51
that markets市场 are inert惰性的,
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市场是钝化的
09:54
that they do not touch触摸 or taint污点 the goods产品 they exchange交换.
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不会影响或污染其交易的商品
09:58
Market市场 exchange交换, they assume承担,
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他们以为市场的交易
10:01
doesn't change更改 the meaning含义 or value
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改变不了
10:04
of the goods产品 being存在 exchanged交换.
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商品的意义和价值
10:05
This may可能 be true真正 enough足够
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这种假设可能成立
10:07
if we're talking about material材料 goods产品.
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如果指的是物质商品
10:09
If you sell me a flat平面 screen屏幕 television电视
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例如你卖给我平面电视
10:12
or give me one as a gift礼品,
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或是送给我当礼物
10:14
it will be the same相同 good.
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东西质量都一样好
10:15
It will work the same相同 either way.
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功能怎么都一样
10:18
But the same相同 may可能 not be true真正
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但未必事事如此
10:20
if we're talking about nonmaterial非物质 goods产品
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如果是非物质商品
10:23
and social社会 practices做法 such这样 as teaching教学 and learning学习
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例如执教和学习等社会常规
10:27
or engaging together一起 in civic公民 life.
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或是共同参与公民生活
10:30
In those domains, bringing使 market市场 mechanisms机制
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在这些领域引进市场机制
10:34
and cash现金 incentives奖励 may可能 undermine破坏
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和金钱奖励可能会破坏
10:38
or crowd人群 out nonmarket非市场 values and attitudes态度
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或排挤我们该关心的
10:42
worth价值 caring爱心 about.
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非市场价值和态度
10:44
Once一旦 we see
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一旦我们了解
10:47
that markets市场 and commerce商业,
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市场和交易
10:50
when extended扩展 beyond the material材料 domain,
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跨越物质领域的时候
10:54
can change更改 the character字符 of the goods产品 themselves他们自己,
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可以改变商品本身的特质
10:59
can change更改 the meaning含义 of the social社会 practices做法,
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可以改变社会常规的意义
11:02
as in the example of teaching教学 and learning学习,
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执教和学习就是例子
11:05
we have to ask where markets市场 belong属于
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我们就要问,哪些地方适合市场
11:10
and where they don't,
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哪些地方不适合
11:12
where they may可能 actually其实 undermine破坏
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哪些地方其实可能会破坏
11:14
values and attitudes态度 worth价值 caring爱心 about.
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我们该关心的价值和态度
11:17
But to have this debate辩论,
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但是要辩论
11:21
we have to do something we're not very good at,
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就必须去做我们不太擅长的事
11:24
and that is to reason原因 together一起 in public上市
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那就是一起公开讨论
11:28
about the value and the meaning含义
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我们珍惜的社会常规
11:31
of the social社会 practices做法 we prize,
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其价值和意义
11:35
from our bodies身体 to family家庭 life
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从自己的身体到家庭生活
11:37
to personal个人 relations关系 to health健康
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从私人关系到健康
11:39
to teaching教学 and learning学习 to civic公民 life.
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从执教和学习到公民生活
11:43
Now these are controversial争论的 questions问题,
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这些问题都有争议
11:46
and so we tend趋向 to shrink收缩 from them.
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所以我们较易退缩
11:49
In fact事实, during the past过去 three decades几十年,
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事实上过去30年来
11:52
when market市场 reasoning推理 and market市场 thinking思维
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市场论据和市场思维
11:54
have gathered云集 force and gained获得 prestige声望,
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已经凝聚力量并且受到尊崇
11:58
our public上市 discourse演讲 during this time
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同时我们的公共谈话
12:01
has become成为 hollowed挖空 out,
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却已空洞化
12:03
empty of larger moral道德 meaning含义.
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缺乏更宏大的道德意义
12:07
For fear恐惧 of disagreement异议, we shrink收缩 from these questions问题.
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因为害怕争论,我们避而不谈
12:10
But once一旦 we see that markets市场
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不过一旦我们了解
12:14
change更改 the character字符 of goods产品,
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市场会改变商品的特质
12:16
we have to debate辩论 among其中 ourselves我们自己
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我们就必须讨论
12:21
these bigger questions问题
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这些更大的问题
12:23
about how to value goods产品.
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关于商品价值的问题
12:25
One of the most corrosive腐蚀性的 effects效果
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凡事标价
12:28
of putting a price价钱 on everything
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很严重的腐蚀了
12:31
is on commonality共性,
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我们的共性
12:33
the sense that we are all in it together一起.
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也就是同舟共济的感觉
12:36
Against反对 the background背景 of rising升起 inequality不等式,
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在不平等激增的背景下
12:41
marketizing不断开创 every一切 aspect方面 of life
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把生活各层面市场化
12:45
leads引线 to a condition条件 where those who are affluent富裕的
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导致富裕的人
12:50
and those who are of modest谦虚 means手段
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和资源有限的人
12:52
increasingly日益 live生活 separate分离 lives生活.
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日益分道扬镳
12:57
We live生活 and work and shop and play
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无论生活、工作、购物、娱乐
13:00
in different不同 places地方.
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都在不同的地方
13:02
Our children孩子 go to different不同 schools学校.
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子女进入不同的学校
13:05
This isn't good for democracy民主,
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这对民主是不利的
13:07
nor也不 is it a satisfying满意的 way to live生活,
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也不是令人满意的生活方式
13:10
even for those of us who can afford给予
254
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即使我们能够花钱
13:13
to buy购买 our way to the head of the line线.
255
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排在队列最前,也不例外
13:16
Here's这里的 why.
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原因是
13:18
Democracy民主 does not require要求 perfect完善 equality平等,
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民主虽然不必完全平等
13:23
but what it does require要求
258
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但必要的是
13:25
is that citizens公民 share分享 in a common共同 life.
259
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公民能分享共同的生活
13:28
What matters事项 is that people
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重要的是
13:31
of different不同 social社会 backgrounds背景
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不同社会背景的人
13:33
and different不同 walks散步 of life
262
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不同身分的人
13:34
encounter遭遇 one another另一个,
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互相接触
13:37
bump磕碰 up against反对 one another另一个
264
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碰到一起
13:39
in the ordinary普通 course课程 of life,
265
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而且是在日常生活之中
13:42
because this is what teaches us
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因为这样我们才能学会
13:45
to negotiate谈判 and to abide遵守 our differences分歧.
267
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协商以及容忍差异
13:49
And this is how we come to care关心 for the common共同 good.
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这样我们才会关心共同利益
13:53
And so, in the end结束, the question of markets市场
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所以到头来市场的问题
13:56
is not mainly主要 an economic经济 question.
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主要不是经济问题
14:00
It's really a question of how we want to live生活 together一起.
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关键是我们要如何共同生活
14:04
Do we want a society社会 where everything is up for sale拍卖,
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我们想要凡事标价的社会?
14:09
or are there certain某些 moral道德 and civic公民 goods产品
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或者某些道德和公民商品
14:12
that markets市场 do not honor荣誉
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是市场不重视
14:14
and money cannot不能 buy购买?
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金钱买不到的?
14:17
Thank you very much.
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非常感谢
14:19
(Applause掌声)
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(掌声)
Translated by Ron Chao
Reviewed by Shengwei Cai

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Michael Sandel - Political philosopher
Michael Sandel teaches political philosophy at Harvard, exploring some of the most hotly contested moral and political issues of our time.

Why you should listen

Michael Sandel is one of the best known American public intellectuals. The London Observer calls him "one of the most popular teachers in the world" and indeed his lectures at Harvard draw thousands of students eager to discuss big questions of modern political life: bioethics, torture, rights versus responsibilities, the value we put on things. Sandel's class is a primer on thinking through the hard choices we face as citizens. The course has been turned into a public TV series with companion website and book: Justice: What’s the Right Thing to Do? In his newest book, What Money Can't Buy, he challenges the idea that markets are morally neutral.
 
"To understand the importance of his purpose," a Guardian reviewer wrote of the book, "you first have to grasp the full extent of the triumph achieved by market thinking in economics, and the extent to which that thinking has spread to other domains. This school sees economics as a discipline that has nothing to do with morality, and is instead the study of incentives, considered in an ethical vacuum. Sandel's book is, in its calm way, an all-out assault on that idea, and on the influential doctrine that the economic approach to "utility maximisation" explains all human behaviour."

Read more about his thinking on markets and morality: "Lunch with Michael Sandel" on FT.com >>  

More profile about the speaker
Michael Sandel | Speaker | TED.com

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