ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Chris Hadfield - Astronaut
Tweeting (and covering Bowie) from the International Space Station last year, Colonel Chris Hadfield reminded the world how much we love space.

Why you should listen

“Good morning, Earth.” That is how Colonel Chris Hadfield, writing on Twitter, woke up the world every day while living aboard the International Space Station. In his five months on the ISS (including three as commander) Hadfield became a worldwide sensation, using social media to make outer space accessible and infusing a sense of wonder into the collective consciousness. Check out his cover version of David Bowie's "Space Oddity," sung while floating in his tin can, far above the world ...
 
Now back on our home planet, he continues to share the excitement of science and space travel. He's the author of the 2014 book An Astronaut's Guide to Life on Earth. As he says, "There are no wishy-washy astronauts. You don't get up there by being uncaring and blasé. And whatever gave you the sense of tenacity and purpose to get that far in life is absolutely reaffirmed and deepened by the experience itself." A photography geek, in 2014 he also published an album of his photos from the shuttle: You Are Here: Around the World in 92 Minutes.

Hadfield is also a font of Canadian firsts: He was Canada’s first shuttle mission specialist, and the first Canadian to board a Russian spacecraft (he helped build the Mir), do a spacewalk (he's done two), and of course, to command the International Space Station.

 

More profile about the speaker
Chris Hadfield | Speaker | TED.com
TED2014

Chris Hadfield: What I learned from going blind in space

克里斯‧哈德菲尔德: 在太空中的失明经历教给我的事

Filmed:
8,557,375 views

有位宇航员说:在太空中,“事情永远可以往更糟的方向发展。”我们要如何处理错综复杂的状况,如何处理纯粹的压力,以及对待危险和可怕的处境? 退役上校克里斯‧哈德菲尔德绘制了栩栩如生的图画,讲解如何为在太空中(和生活中)遇到最糟糕的处境做准备。对抗恐惧开始于穿越蜘蛛网。一起来欣赏这场特别的的太空表演。
- Astronaut
Tweeting (and covering Bowie) from the International Space Station last year, Colonel Chris Hadfield reminded the world how much we love space. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:12
What's the scariest最可怕的 thing you've ever doneDONE?
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你所做过最可怕的事是什么?
00:17
Or another另一个 way to say it is,
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或者用另外一种方式来说,
00:20
what's the most dangerous危险
thing that you've ever doneDONE?
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你做过最危险的事是什么?
00:24
And why did you do it?
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你为什么要这么做?
00:28
I know what the most dangerous危险 thing is
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我知道我所做过
00:30
that I've ever doneDONE
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最危险的事是什么。
00:31
because NASANASA does the math数学.
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因为美国宇航局做了计算。
00:33
You look back to the first five shuttle穿梭 launches发布会,
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当你回顾最初的五个航天飞机发射,
00:35
the odds可能性 of a catastrophic灾难性的 event事件
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就会发现,灾难性事件发生的几率
00:38
during the first five shuttle穿梭 launches发布会
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在第一次五个航天飞机发射期间
00:40
was one in nine.
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是九分之一。
00:42
And even when I first flew in the shuttle穿梭
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甚至当我在穿梭机首飞
00:44
back in 1995, 74 shuttle穿梭 flight飞行,
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早在 1995 年,74 次航天飞行,
00:47
the odds可能性 were still now that we look back
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当我们现在回头看几率是
00:49
about one in 38 or so -- one in 35, one in 40.
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大约每 38 个左右——
每 35 个、每 40 个有一个失败。
00:55
Not great odds可能性, so it's a really interesting有趣 day
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几率不是很大,
这是很有趣的一天
00:57
when you wake唤醒 up at the Kennedy肯尼迪 Space空间 Center中央
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当你在肯尼迪航天中心醒来
01:00
and you're going to go to space空间 that day
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就在这一天,
你即将出发前往太空,
01:02
because you realize实现 by the end结束 of the day
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因为你意识到,
在这天接近尾声的时候
01:04
you're either going to be floating漂浮的
effortlessly毫不费力, gloriously光荣 in space空间,
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你要么光荣地、毫不费力地
在太空中漂浮着,
01:07
or you'll你会 be dead.
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要么就已经死了。
01:10
You go into, at the Kennedy肯尼迪 Space空间 Center中央,
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你进入肯尼迪航天中心,
01:14
the suit-up西装式 room房间,
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走进更衣间,
01:16
the same相同 room房间 that our childhood童年 heroes英雄
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就是那个我们童年英雄
更衣的同一个房间,
01:20
got dressed连衣裙的 in,
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01:21
that Neil尼尔 Armstrong阿姆斯特朗 and Buzz蜂鸣器 Aldrin奥尔德林 got suited合适的 in
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尼尔·阿姆斯特朗和
巴兹·奥尔德林在此更衣
01:24
to go ride the Apollo阿波罗 rocket火箭 to the moon月亮.
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随后登上阿波罗号火箭前往月球。
01:26
And I got my pressure压力 suit适合 built内置 around me
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我穿着加压服
01:30
and rode骑着车 down outside in the van面包车
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乘坐厢式车
01:34
heading标题 out to the launchpad发射台 --
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驶向发射台,
01:35
in the Astro天文 van面包车 -- heading标题 out to the launchpad发射台,
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乘坐宇航局的厢式车,
向发射台驶去,
01:38
and as you come around the corner
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当你即将抵达
01:40
at the Kennedy肯尼迪 Space空间 Center中央,
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肯尼迪航天中心,
01:42
it's normally一般 predawn黎明前, and in the distance距离,
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通常是黎明前,
距离你不远处的,
01:46
lit发光的 up by the huge巨大 xenon lights灯火,
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被氙气大灯照得锃亮的,
01:49
is your spaceship飞船 --
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就是你将搭载的宇宙飞船——
01:52
the vehicle车辆 that is going to take you off the planet行星.
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它会带你离开这个星球。
01:56
The crew船员 is sitting坐在 in the Astro天文 van面包车
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全体人员坐在车里
01:59
sort分类 of hushed寂静, almost几乎 holding保持 hands,
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很安静,手牵手,
02:01
looking at that as it gets得到 bigger and bigger.
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看着那宇宙飞船越来越大。
02:03
We ride the elevator电梯 up
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我们搭乘电梯上去
02:06
and we crawl爬行 in, on your hands and knees膝盖
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我们用手和膝盖
02:08
into the spaceship飞船, one at a time,
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爬进太空飞船,
一次进一个人,
02:10
and you worm your way up
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你蠕动到
02:11
into your chair椅子 and plunk普拉克 yourself你自己 down
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你的椅子上,
让自己坐定下来
02:14
on your back.
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背部紧贴座椅。
02:16
And the hatch孵化 is closed关闭,
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接着,舱门关闭了,
02:20
and suddenly突然,
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突然间,
02:22
what has been a lifetime一生 of both dreams and denial否认
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一生的梦想和拒绝的事
02:27
is becoming变得 real真实,
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正在成为现实,
02:28
something that I dreamed梦见 about,
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我梦想的东西
02:29
in fact事实, that I chose选择 to do when I was nine years年份 old,
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事实上,我九岁时的梦想,
02:32
is now suddenly突然 within not too many许多 minutes分钟
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现在突然在未来的几分钟内
02:35
of actually其实 happening事件.
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就要真正地发生了。
02:37
In the astronaut宇航员 business商业 --
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在宇航界,
02:40
the shuttle穿梭 is a very complicated复杂 vehicle车辆;
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航天飞机是非常复杂的运载工具;
02:42
it's the most complicated复杂 flying飞行 machine ever built内置.
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它是有史以来最复杂的飞行工具。
02:46
And in the astronaut宇航员 business商业,
we have a saying, which哪一个 is,
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在宇航界,我们有一种说法是,
02:49
there is no problem问题 so bad
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问题没有最糟
02:51
that you can't make it worse更差.
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只有更糟。
02:53
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
02:55
And so you're very conscious意识 in the cockpit座舱;
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你在驾驶舱内头脑十分清醒;
02:58
you're thinking思维 about all of the things
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你在想着所有你需要
02:59
that you might威力 have to do,
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完成的事情,
03:00
all the switches开关 and all the
wickets售票窗口 you have to go through通过.
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包括所有的开关和所有的小闸门。
03:03
And as the time gets得到 closer接近 and closer接近,
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随着时间越来越近,
03:05
this excitement激动 is building建造.
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你也越发兴奋。
03:06
And then about three and a
half minutes分钟 before launch发射,
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在发射前的三分半钟,
03:09
the huge巨大 nozzles喷嘴 on the back,
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背后巨大的喷射器,
03:10
like the size尺寸 of big church教会 bells钟声,
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其尺寸如同教堂的大钟,
03:12
swing摇摆 back and forth向前
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来回摇摆
03:13
and the mass of them is such这样
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感觉就像这样
03:15
that it sways摇摆 the whole整个 vehicle车辆,
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让整个宇宙飞船随之摇摆,
03:16
like the vehicle车辆 is alive underneath you,
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仿佛你脚下的飞船是活着的,
03:19
like an elephant getting得到 up
off its knees膝盖 or something.
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像是大象站立起来之类的。
03:23
And then about 30 seconds before launch发射,
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然后在发射前约 30 秒时,
03:25
the vehicle车辆 is completely全然 alive --
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飞船完全地活动起来——
03:27
it is ready准备 to go --
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准备好要出发了--
03:28
the APUs辅助动力装置 are running赛跑,
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加速处理器在运行,
03:29
the computers电脑 are all self-contained自足,
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计算机都是自控的,
03:31
it's ready准备 to leave离开 the planet行星.
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它已准备离开这个星球。
03:33
And 15 seconds before launch发射, this happens发生:
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在发射前 15 秒的情况是这样的:
03:36
(Video视频) Voice语音: 12, 11, 10,
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(视频)声音: 12、 11、 10、
03:40
nine, eight, seven, six --
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九、 八、 七、 六...
03:44
(Space空间 shuttle穿梭 preparing准备 for takeoff脱掉)
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(航天飞机准备起飞)
03:47
-- start开始, two, one,
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— — 开始,二,一,
03:50
booster加速器 ignition点火, and liftoff升空 of
the space空间 shuttle穿梭 Discovery发现,
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助推器点火,发射航天飞机,
03:54
returning回国 to the space空间 station, paving铺路 the way ...
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返回空间站,铺平道路......
03:58
(Space空间 shuttle穿梭 taking服用 off)
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(航天飞机起飞)
04:11
Chris克里斯 Hadfield哈德菲尔德: It is incredibly令人难以置信 powerful强大
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克里斯‧哈德菲尔德:
搭载宇宙飞船
04:13
to be on board one of these things.
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感觉到的是难以置信的力量。
04:15
You are in the grip of something
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你被比自己强大许多的东西
04:17
that is vastly大大 more powerful强大 than yourself你自己.
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握在手中。
04:19
It's shaking发抖 you so hard you can't focus焦点
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它剧烈地摇晃着,
让你难以集中精神
04:22
on the instruments仪器 in front面前 of you.
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操作你面前的设备。
04:23
It's like you're in the jaws of some enormous巨大 dog
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就像你在巨型犬的下巴里,
04:26
and there's a foot脚丫子 in the small of your back
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你的背后有只脚
04:29
pushing推动 you into space空间,
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将你推向太空,
04:30
accelerating加速 wildly疯狂 straight直行 up,
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疯狂加速直冲云霄,
04:32
shouldering肩负 your way through通过 the air空气,
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带着你穿越气层,
04:34
and you're in a very complex复杂 place地点 --
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随后你就到达了一个非常复杂的地方——
04:36
paying付款 attention注意, watching观看 the vehicle车辆
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注意,观察飞船
04:38
go through通过 each one of its wickets售票窗口
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穿过一扇扇小闸门
04:40
with a steadily稳步 increasing增加 smile微笑 on your face面对.
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脸上的笑容愈发灿烂。
04:42
After two minutes分钟, those solid固体 rockets火箭 explode爆炸 off
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两分钟后,这些固体火箭脱落下去
04:46
and then you just have the liquid液体 engines引擎,
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剩下的是液体火箭发动机,
04:48
the hydrogen and oxygen,
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含有氢和氧,
04:49
and it's as if you're in a dragster高速赛车
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这感觉犹如你在高速赛车,
04:51
with your foot脚丫子 to the floor地板
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脚踩在地上,
04:53
and accelerating加速 like you've never accelerated加速.
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以前所未有的速度前进。
04:55
You get lighter打火机 and lighter打火机,
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你变得越来越轻,
04:56
the force gets得到 on us heavier较重 and heavier较重.
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我们所感受到的推动力
越来越强。
04:59
It feels感觉 like
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这种感觉
05:00
someone's谁家 pouring浇注 cement水泥 on you or something.
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就像有人在往你身上
浇筑水泥似的。
05:02
Until直到 finally最后,
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终于,
05:04
after about eight minutes分钟 and 40 seconds or so,
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在约 8 分钟 40 秒左右时间之后,
05:06
we are finally最后 at exactly究竟 the right altitude高度,
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我们到达正确的高度,
05:08
exactly究竟 the right speed速度,
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正确的速度,
05:10
the right direction方向, the engine发动机 shut关闭 off,
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正确的方向,
接着引擎关闭了,
05:14
and we're weightless失重.
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我们失重了。
05:16
And we're alive.
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我们还活着。
05:19
It's an amazing惊人 experience经验.
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这是一次奇妙的体验。
05:20
But why would we take that risk风险?
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但我们为什么要冒这个险呢?
05:23
Why would you do something that dangerous危险?
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你为什么要做如此危险的事情?
05:27
In my case案件 the answer回答 is fairly相当 straightforward直截了当.
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在我看来答案是相当简单的。
05:29
I was inspired启发 as a youngster青少年
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在我年轻的时候,
05:32
that this was what I wanted to do.
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我发现这是我想要做的事。
05:34
I watched看着 the first people walk步行 on the moon月亮
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我观看了人类第一次的月球行走,
05:36
and to me, it was just an obvious明显 thing --
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对我来说,这太明显了——
05:38
I want to somehow不知何故 turn myself into that.
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我想要自己未来也成为这样的人。
05:41
But the real真实 question is,
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但真正的问题是,
05:42
how do you deal合同 with the danger危险 of it
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你如何处理随之而来的危险
05:45
and the fear恐惧 that comes from it?
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和与危险随之而来的恐惧呢?
05:47
How do you deal合同 with fear恐惧 versus danger危险?
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你是如何处理恐惧与危险的?
05:51
And having the goal目标 in mind心神,
thinking思维 about where it might威力 lead,
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铭记这个目标,
想着它会带领我前往的方向
05:54
directed针对 me to a life of
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指引我过着
05:56
looking at all of the small details细节 to allow允许
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关注所有能让这目标实现的
05:59
this to become成为 possible可能,
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所有小细节,
06:01
to be able能够 to launch发射 and go
help build建立 a space空间 station
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为了能够发射前往太空
帮助建立国际空间站,
06:04
where you are on board a million-pound百万英镑 creation创建
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你搭乘一辆价值上百万英镑的交通工具,
06:06
that's going around the world世界 at five miles英里 a second第二,
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它以五英里每秒的速度
06:09
eight kilometers公里 a second第二,
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八公里每秒的速度绕地球飞行,
06:10
around the world世界 16 times a day,
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相当于一天内绕地球 16 次,
06:13
with experiments实验 on board that are teaching教学 us
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飞船装载了很多
有待在太空中完成的实验,
06:17
what the substance物质 of the universe宇宙 is made制作 of
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这些实验将会解释宇宙的实质是什么,
06:19
and running赛跑 200 experiments实验 inside.
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并且,还要在飞船内进行 200 场实验 。
06:22
But maybe even more importantly重要的,
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但也许更重要的是,
06:23
allowing允许 us to see the world世界 in a way
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它能让我们以独特的视角看这个世界,
06:27
that is impossible不可能 through通过 any other means手段,
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这是不可能通过
任何其他方式完成的,
06:30
to be able能够 to look down
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能够在这样的高空往下看
06:31
and have -- if your jaw could drop下降, it would --
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你会惊讶到连下巴都掉下来——
06:35
the jaw-dropping瞠目结舌 gorgeousness华丽 of the turning车削 orbORB
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转动着的地球美得令人惊艳
06:39
like a self-propelled自走 art艺术 gallery画廊 of fantastic奇妙,
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好似自我旋转中的极美的画廊,
06:43
constantly经常 changing改变 beauty美女 that is the world世界 itself本身.
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这个世界本身不断变化着的美丽。
06:47
And you see, because of the speed速度,
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你看,出于运转速度原因,
06:49
a sunrise日出 or a sunset日落 every一切 45 minutes分钟
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每 45 分钟就有一次日出或日落
06:52
for half a year.
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持续半年。
06:56
And the most magnificent华丽的 part部分 of all that
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最棒的部分,
06:58
is to go outside on a spacewalk太空行走.
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是去外太空行走。
07:01
You are in a one-person一个人 spaceship飞船
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你搭乘着“单人宇宙飞船”,
07:06
that is your spacesuit宇航服,
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也就是你自己的的宇航服,
07:08
and you're going through通过 space空间 with the world世界.
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你将会和世界一起穿越太空。
07:12
It's an entirely完全 different不同 perspective透视,
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这是个完全不同的角度,
07:13
you're not looking up at the universe宇宙,
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你不是抬头去看宇宙,
07:15
you and the Earth地球 are going
through通过 the universe宇宙 together一起.
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而是你和地球一起在宇宙中翱翔。
07:18
And you're holding保持 on with one hand,
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你用一只手抓住飞船,
07:20
looking at the world世界 turn beside you.
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看着世界在你身边转动。
07:22
It's roaring咆哮 silently默默
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它以静默的方式咆哮
07:26
with color颜色 and texture质地 as it pours盆满钵满 by
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被注以水波似的颜色和纹理
07:29
mesmerizinglymesmerizingly next下一个 to you.
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就在你身边。
07:31
And if you can tear眼泪 your eyes眼睛 away from that
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如果你可以把自己的目光移开,
07:33
and you look under your arm
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看向你手臂的下方
07:35
down at the rest休息 of everything,
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下面是其余的一切,
07:37
it's unfathomable叵测 blackness,
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它是深不可测的黑暗空间,
07:42
with a texture质地 you feel like you
could stick your hand into.
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让你觉得可以把手放进去的那种纹理。
07:45
and you are holding保持 on with one hand,
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你用一只手抓着飞船,
07:48
one link链接 to the other seven billion十亿 people.
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另一只手连结着 70 亿人。
07:50
And I was outside on my first spacewalk太空行走
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我在飞船外进行
第一次太空行走的时候,
07:52
when my left eye went blind,
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我的左眼失明了,
07:56
and I didn't know why.
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我不知道为什么会这样。
07:58
Suddenly突然 my left eye slammed抨击 shut关闭
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突然间,我的左眼就失明了
08:00
in great pain疼痛
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并伴随着剧烈的痛苦,
08:01
and I couldn't不能 figure数字 out why my eye wasn't working加工.
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我不明白眼睛失明的原因。
08:05
I was thinking思维, what do I do next下一个?
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我考虑着,
下一步该怎么办呢?
08:06
I thought, well maybe that's why we have two eyes眼睛,
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我想,也许这就是
我们人类有两只眼睛的原因,
08:08
so I kept不停 working加工.
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所以我继续工作着。
08:10
But unfortunately不幸, without gravity重力,
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但不幸的是,
在失重情况下,
08:13
tears眼泪 don't fall秋季.
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眼泪不会掉下来。
08:15
So you just get a bigger and
bigger ball of whatever随你 that is
188
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3024
所以你眼里的液状球体
变得越来越大
08:18
mixed with your tears眼泪 on your eye
189
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与你的眼泪混合在一起
08:20
until直到 eventually终于, the ball becomes so big
190
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直到最后,
液态球变得很大
08:22
that the surface表面 tension张力 takes it
across横过 the bridge of your nose鼻子
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表面张力让它跨过你的鼻梁
08:25
like a tiny little waterfall瀑布
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像一个小小的瀑布
08:27
and goes "gooshgoosh" into your other eye,
193
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进入你的另一只眼睛,
08:29
and now I was completely全然 blind
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于是我就彻底失明了
08:32
outside the spaceship飞船.
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那时我在太空飞船的外面。
08:35
So what's the scariest最可怕的 thing you've ever doneDONE?
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那么你最可怕遭遇是什么?
08:38
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
08:42
Maybe it's spiders蜘蛛.
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也许是蜘蛛。
08:43
A lot of people are afraid害怕 of spiders蜘蛛.
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很多人都害怕蜘蛛。
08:45
I think you should be afraid害怕 of spiders蜘蛛 --
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人们确实会害怕蜘蛛——
08:46
spiders蜘蛛 are creepy爬行 and they've他们已经 got long, hairy毛茸茸 legs,
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蜘蛛令人毛骨悚然,
它们有长长的毛茸茸的双腿,
08:49
and spiders蜘蛛 like this one, the brown棕色 recluse隐士 --
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这种蜘蛛,棕色的隐士——
08:52
it's horrible可怕. If a brown棕色 recluse隐士 bites咬伤 you,
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非常可怕。如果棕色隐士咬了你,
08:55
you end结束 with one of these
horrible可怕, big necrotic坏死的 things
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可怕的大面积肌肉坏死将会出现在
08:56
on your leg
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你的腿上
08:57
and there might威力 be one right now
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现在可能就会有一个棕色隐士
08:59
sitting坐在 on the chair椅子 behind背后 you, in fact事实.
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坐在你背后的椅子上。
09:02
And how do you know?
208
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你怎么会知道呢?
09:03
And so a spider蜘蛛 lands土地 on you,
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如果有一只蜘蛛爬到你身上,
09:04
and you go through通过 this great, spasmyspasmy attack攻击
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你就会猛烈地攻击它,
09:06
because spiders蜘蛛 are scary害怕.
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因为蜘蛛都是可怕的。
09:08
But then you could say, well
is there a brown棕色 recluse隐士
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你可以说,有棕色的隐士
09:10
sitting坐在 on the chair椅子 beside me or not?
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坐在我旁边的椅子上吗?
09:12
I don't know. Are there brown棕色 recluses隐士 here?
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我不知道。
有棕色隐士在这里吗?
09:14
So if you actually其实 do the research研究, you find out that
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如果你真正地做了研究,
你就会发现,
09:17
in the world世界 there are about
50,000 different不同 types类型 of spiders蜘蛛,
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在世界上有约 5 万种不同类型的蜘蛛,
09:20
and there are about two dozen that are venomous有毒
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在这 5 万种蜘蛛中,
大约有 24 余种
09:22
out of 50,000.
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是有毒的。
09:24
And if you're in Canada加拿大, because of the cold winters冬天
219
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如果你在加拿大,冬季寒冷
在不列颠哥伦比亚省
09:26
here in B.C., there's about 720,
730 different不同 types类型 of spiders蜘蛛
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有约为 720、730 种不同类型的蜘蛛
09:30
and there's one -- one --
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有一个,一个,
09:32
that is venomous有毒,
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是有毒的,
09:33
and its venom毒液 isn't even fatal致命,
223
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它的毒液甚至并不致命,
09:35
it's just kind of like a nasty讨厌 sting.
224
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它会蜇你让你有刺痛感。
09:37
And that spider蜘蛛 -- not only that,
225
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1925
那种蜘蛛 ——不只是那样,
09:39
but that spider蜘蛛 has beautiful美丽 markings标记 on it,
226
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那种蜘蛛身上有着美丽的标记,
09:42
it's like "I'm dangerous危险. I got a big radiation辐射
symbol符号 on my back, it's the black黑色 widow寡妇."
227
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好像在告诉人们 “我很危险,我的背上有个
大大的辐射符号,我是黑寡妇。”
09:46
So, if you're even slightly careful小心
228
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所以,如果你只需稍微小心
09:48
you can avoid避免 running赛跑 into the one spider蜘蛛 --
229
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就可以避免碰到蜘蛛——
09:51
and it lives生活 close the ground地面,
230
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蜘蛛生活在离地面很近的地方,
09:53
you're walking步行 along沿, you are
never going to go through通过
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你沿路走着,永远不会
09:55
a spider蜘蛛 web卷筒纸 where a black黑色 widow寡妇 bites咬伤 you.
232
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1850
碰到一张蜘蛛网,
被那里的黑寡妇蜘蛛咬伤。
09:57
Spider蜘蛛 webs like this, it doesn't build建立 those,
233
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黑寡妇蜘蛛不会编织这样的蜘蛛网,
09:59
it builds建立 them down in the corners角落.
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它们的网通常会在角落里。
10:01
And its a black黑色 widow寡妇 because
235
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它名叫黑寡妇,那是因为
10:02
the female spider蜘蛛 eats the male;
236
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母蜘蛛会吃掉公蜘蛛;
10:04
it doesn't care关心 about you.
237
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它根本不在乎你。
10:06
So in fact事实,
238
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1465
因此,事实上,
10:07
the next下一个 time you walk步行 into a spiderweb蜘蛛网,
239
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下一次你走入一张蜘蛛网的时候,
10:09
you don't need to panic恐慌 and go
with your caveman穴居人 reaction反应.
240
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3875
你不需要感到恐慌,
也不需要呈现你的穴居人反应。
10:13
The danger危险 is entirely完全 different不同 than the fear恐惧.
241
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危险与恐惧完全不同。
10:18
How do you get around it, though虽然?
242
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你如何能够绕过它?
10:20
How do you change更改 your behavior行为?
243
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1254
你如何能改变自己的行为?
10:21
Well, next下一个 time you see a spiderweb蜘蛛网,
244
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1484
好吧,下次当你见到一张蜘蛛网的时候,
10:23
have a good look, make sure
it's not a black黑色 widow寡妇 spider蜘蛛,
245
611176
2214
仔细端详一下,
确保它不是黑寡妇蜘蛛的网,
10:25
and then walk步行 into it.
246
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1792
然后穿越它。
10:27
And then you see another另一个 spiderweb蜘蛛网
247
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1638
后来,你看到另一个蜘蛛网
10:29
and walk步行 into that one.
248
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你穿越它。
10:30
It's just a little bit of fluffy蓬松 stuff东东. It's not a big deal合同.
249
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它只是有点毛绒绒的东西。
没什么大不了的。
10:32
And the spider蜘蛛 that may可能 come out is
no more threat威胁 to you than a lady淑女 bug窃听器
250
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编织这张网的蜘蛛对你形成的威胁
不会大过于一只瓢虫
10:36
or a butterfly蝴蝶.
251
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2868
或者是一只蝴蝶。
10:38
And then I guarantee保证 you if you
walk步行 through通过 100 spiderwebs蜘蛛网
252
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2928
我向你保证,
如果你穿越过 100 张蜘蛛网
10:41
you will have changed
253
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1588
你将会改变
10:43
your fundamental基本的 human人的 behavior行为,
254
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2555
你最基本的人类行为,
10:45
your caveman穴居人 reaction反应,
255
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1505
你如同穴居人般的反应,
10:47
and you will now be able能够 to walk步行
in the park公园 in the morning早上
256
635248
2827
你现在能够早上在公园散步
10:50
and not worry担心 about that spiderweb蜘蛛网 --
257
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1789
不去不担心那蛛网——
10:52
or into your grandma's奶奶的 attic阁楼 or whatever随你,
258
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2460
或到你祖母的阁楼或之类的地方,
10:54
into your own拥有 basement地下室.
259
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5085
到你自己的地下室。
10:59
And you can apply应用 this to anything.
260
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3511
你可以将此经验应用于一切事物。
11:03
If you're outside on a spacewalk太空行走 and you're blinded失明,
261
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2815
如果你在外太空行走的时候失明了,
11:05
your natural自然 reaction反应 would be to panic恐慌, I think.
262
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2624
你的自然反应是恐慌,我觉得。
11:08
It would make you nervous紧张 and worried担心.
263
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2060
它会使你紧张和担心。
11:10
But we had considered考虑 all the venom毒液,
264
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2488
但我们曾考虑过所有毒液,
11:13
and we had practiced with a whole整个
variety品种 of different不同 spiderwebs蜘蛛网.
265
660907
2881
我们实践了各种不同的蜘蛛网。
11:15
We knew知道 everything there is to know
266
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1734
我们知道该了解的
11:17
about the spacesuit宇航服
267
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1458
关于宇航服的一切
11:19
and we trained熟练 underwater水下 thousands数千 of times.
268
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2513
我们在水下训练过数千次。
11:21
And we don't just practice实践 things going right,
269
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1731
我们不只是实践任务顺利的情况,
11:23
we practice实践 things going wrong错误 all the time,
270
671224
2824
我们一直都在练习
如何处理出差错的情况,
11:26
so that you are constantly经常 walking步行
through通过 those spiderwebs蜘蛛网.
271
674048
3264
这样,你不断穿越过那些蜘蛛网。
11:29
And not just underwater水下, but
also in virtual虚拟 reality现实 labs实验室
272
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3077
不只是在水下,
也在模拟实验室
11:32
with the helmet头盔 and the gloves手套
273
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1391
带着头盔和手套
11:33
so you feel like it's realistic实际.
274
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1407
所以感觉是很真实的。
11:35
So when you finally最后 actually其实
get outside on a spacewalk太空行走,
275
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3328
当你最终真正在外太空行走时,
11:38
it feels感觉 much different不同 than it would
276
686515
1962
它和想象中的感觉有诸多不同,
11:40
if you just went out first time.
277
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1838
即使你第一次出去。
11:42
And even if you're blinded失明,
278
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1761
即使你失明了,
11:44
your natural自然, panicky恐慌 reaction反应 doesn't happen发生.
279
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3646
你自然地惊慌反应不会发生。
11:47
Instead代替 you kind of look around and go,
280
695722
1359
相反,你四处看看然后想,
11:49
"Okay, I can't see,
281
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1652
好吧,我看不见,
11:50
but I can hear, I can talk,
282
698733
2422
但听得见,我可以说话,
11:53
Scott斯科特 ParazynskiParazynski is out here with me.
283
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1729
斯科特▪帕拉辛斯基是和我一起从这里出去的。
11:55
He could come over and help me."
284
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1431
他能过来帮我"。
11:56
We actually其实 practiced incapacitated无行为能力 crew船员 rescue拯救,
285
704315
3914
我们实际上练习过救援
丧失行为能力的乘员组,
12:00
so he could float浮动 me like a blimp飞艇
286
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1791
所以他可以把我当做小型飞船浮动
12:02
and stuff东东 me into the airlock气闸 if he had to.
287
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2175
必要的情况下并把我塞进气闸舱。
12:04
I could find my own拥有 way back.
288
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2200
我自己能回到飞船。
12:06
It's not nearly几乎 as big a deal合同.
289
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1370
这不是什么严重的事。
12:07
And actually其实, if you keep on crying哭了 for a while,
290
715765
2022
事实上,如果你继续哭一会儿,
12:09
whatever随你 that gunk泥流 was that's
in your eye starts启动 to dilute
291
717787
2395
在你眼里的粘稠物
就会开始淡化,
12:12
and you can start开始 to see again,
292
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1520
然后你就恢复视力了,
12:13
and Houston休斯顿, if you negotiate谈判 with them,
293
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2067
休斯顿活检中心,
如果你与他们沟通,
12:15
they will let you then keep working加工.
294
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2997
他们会允许你继续工作。
12:18
We finished everything on the spacewalk太空行走
295
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2059
我们完成了这次太空行走
所需完成的全部内容,
12:21
and when we came来了 back inside,
296
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1597
我们回到飞船里面,
12:22
Jeff杰夫 got some cotton batting棉絮 and took
the crusty硬皮 stuff东东 around my eyes眼睛,
297
730422
3723
杰夫用棉花清理了我眼睛周围的东西
12:26
and it turned转身 out it was just the anti-fog防雾,
298
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其实只是防雾剂,
12:28
sort分类 of a mixture混合物 of oil and soap肥皂, that got in my eye.
299
736597
3447
类似油和肥皂的混合物,
跑到我的眼睛里。
12:32
And now we use Johnson's约翰逊 No More Tears眼泪,
300
740044
3548
所以现在我们使用
强生公司的无泪系列产品,
12:35
which哪一个 we probably大概 should've应该 been using运用
301
743592
1315
其实从一开始我们就该
12:37
right from the very beginning开始. (Laughter笑声)
302
744907
3636
使用这系列产品的。(笑声)
12:40
But the key to that is
303
748543
4946
但关键在于
12:45
by looking at the difference区别
304
753489
1555
两者的区别
12:47
between之间 perceived感知 danger危险 and actual实际 danger危险,
305
755044
1995
认为的危险与实际的危险,
12:49
where is the real真实 risk风险?
306
757039
1367
真正的危险在哪里?
12:50
What is the real真实 thing that you should be afraid害怕 of?
307
758406
2054
你真正应该害怕的事情是什么?
12:52
Not just a generic通用 fear恐惧 of bad things happening事件.
308
760460
2768
不只是对可能发生坏事
而感到恐惧。
12:55
You can fundamentally从根本上 change更改
your reaction反应 to things
309
763228
2367
你可以从根本上
改变你对事情的反应
12:57
so that it allows允许 you to go places地方
310
765595
2937
这样,它会让你去别的地方
13:00
and see things and do things
311
768532
1637
看不同的东西,做新的事情,
13:02
that otherwise除此以外 would be completely全然 denied否认 to you ...
312
770169
2496
否则你会拒绝做出改变......
13:04
where you could see the
hardpan板结 south of the Sahara撒哈拉,
313
772665
3347
你可以看到
撒哈拉以南地区的砂砾层,
13:08
or you can see New York纽约 City
314
776012
1952
你也可以看到纽约
13:10
in a way that is almost几乎 dreamlike梦一般的,
315
777964
2099
以极近梦幻般的方式,
13:12
or the unconscious无意识 gingham格子棉布
of Eastern Europe欧洲 fields领域
316
780063
4523
你还能看到东欧
随意分布的方格地貌
13:16
or the Great Lakes
317
784586
2131
或者是北美五大湖
13:18
as a collection采集 of small puddles水坑.
318
786717
2741
看起来好似小水坑的集结。
13:21
You can see the fault故障 lines线 of San Francisco弗朗西斯科
319
789473
3230
你可以看到旧金山的断层线
13:24
and the way the water pours盆满钵满 out under the bridge,
320
792703
1898
和水从桥下涌出的样子,
13:26
just entirely完全 different不同
321
794601
1732
如果你没能找到征服恐惧的办法,
13:28
than any other way that you could have
322
796333
1669
你将没有任何其他办法来看到
13:30
if you had not found发现 a way to conquer征服 your fear恐惧.
323
798002
3283
如此这般壮美的景象。
13:33
You see a beauty美女 that otherwise除此以外
324
801285
2439
不用这种方式,你将
13:35
never would have happened发生.
325
803724
2477
永远不会看到如此美好的景致。
13:39
It's time to come home at the end结束.
326
807694
1754
该结束了,是时候回家了。
13:41
This is our spaceship飞船,
327
809448
1319
这是我们的太空船
13:42
the Soyuz联盟, that little one.
328
810767
1107
联盟号,较小的那个。
13:44
Three of us climb in,
329
811874
1465
我们三个爬进去,
13:45
and then this spaceship飞船 detaches分离 from the station
330
813339
2452
随后这艘太空飞船
从空间站分离
13:47
and falls下降 into the atmosphere大气层.
331
815791
1670
坠入大气层。
13:49
These two parts部分 here
332
817461
1622
这两个部分
13:51
actually其实 melt熔化, we jettison抛弃 them and they burn烧伤 up
333
819083
2164
开始熔化, 我们抛弃它们
13:53
in the atmosphere大气层.
334
821247
1082
让它们在大气中燃烧。
13:54
The only part部分 that survives生存 is the little bullet子弹
335
822329
2253
剩下的部分
只是那个小小的子弹,
13:56
that we're riding骑术 in,
336
824582
1176
我们坐在里面,
13:57
and it falls下降 into the atmosphere大气层,
337
825758
2038
随后它落入大气层,
13:59
and in essence本质
338
827796
1576
本质上来说
14:01
you are riding骑术 a meteorite陨石 home,
339
829372
3561
你是搭着一个陨石回家,
14:05
and riding骑术 meteorites陨石 is scary害怕,
340
832933
2933
乘坐陨石是可怕的,
14:08
and it ought应该 to be.
341
835866
1513
就是这样。
14:09
But instead代替 of riding骑术 into the atmosphere大气层
342
837379
2239
但是比起搭载它进入大气层
14:11
just screaming尖叫, like you would
343
839618
1238
只是尖叫着,正如
14:13
if suddenly突然 you found发现 yourself你自己 riding骑术 a meteorite陨石
344
840856
2345
你突然发现自己乘坐的是陨石
14:15
back to Earth地球 -- (Laughter笑声) --
345
843201
2930
返回地球——(笑声)
14:18
instead代替, 20 years年份 previously先前
346
846131
2424
相反,20 年前
14:20
we had started开始 studying研究 Russian俄语,
347
848555
2616
我们已经开始学习俄语,
14:23
and then once一旦 you learn学习 Russian俄语, then we
348
851171
2580
一旦你会说俄语,然后我们
14:25
learned学到了 orbital轨道的 mechanics机械学 in Russian俄语,
349
853751
2514
用俄语学习轨道力学,
14:28
and then we learned学到了 vehicle车辆 control控制 theory理论,
350
856265
2970
之后,我们学了运载工具控制理论,
14:31
and then we got into the simulator模拟器
351
859235
1469
然后我们打了模拟器
14:32
and practiced over and over and over again.
352
860704
2572
并一遍又一遍地练习。
14:35
And in fact事实, you can fly this meteorite陨石
353
863276
2010
事实上,你可以操纵飞行这个陨石
14:37
and steer驾驶 it and land土地 in about a 15-kilometer-公里 circle
354
865286
2209
让它降落在半径约 15 公里的
14:39
anywhere随地 on the Earth地球.
355
867495
1424
地球上的任意位置。
14:41
So in fact事实, when our crew船员 was coming未来 back
356
868919
2925
事实上,当我们宇航员们
返回地球的时候
14:44
into the atmosphere大气层 inside the Soyuz联盟,
357
871844
2560
搭乘联盟号宇宙飞船进入大气层,
14:46
we weren't screaming尖叫, we were laughing;
358
874404
2376
我们不是在尖叫,我们在大笑 ;
14:48
it was fun开玩笑.
359
876780
1068
这太有趣了。
14:50
And when the great big parachute降落伞 opened打开,
360
877848
1928
当巨大的降落伞打开时,
14:51
we knew知道 that if it didn't open打开
361
879776
1219
我们知道如果它无法打开
14:53
there's a second第二 parachute降落伞,
362
880995
1215
有第二个降落伞备用,
14:54
and it runs运行 on a nice不错 little clockwork发条装置 mechanism机制.
363
882210
2181
并且它的运行水平
犹如一个钟表装置般精密。
14:56
So we came来了 back, we came来了 thundering雷鸣的 back
364
884391
2382
回来了,我们雷鸣般地
14:58
to Earth地球 and this is what it looked看着 like
365
886773
1886
回到地球,这是当时的场景
15:00
to land土地 in a Soyuz联盟, in Kazakhstan哈萨克斯坦.
366
888659
2600
展示了联盟号飞船降落在
哈萨克斯坦的土地上。
15:03
(Video视频) Reporter记者: And you can see one of those
367
891259
2023
(视频)记者:你可以看到其中一个
15:05
search搜索 and recovery复苏 helicopters直升机, once一旦 again
368
893282
2716
搜寻救援直升机,
又一次出现
15:08
that helicopter直升机 part部分 of dozen such这样 Russian俄语
369
895998
3011
这是俄罗斯
15:11
Mi-米 -8 helicopters直升机.
370
899009
4628
Mi-8 型直升机中的一架。
15:15
Touchdown接地 -- 3:14 and 48 seconds,
371
903637
3909
着陆——3 时 14 分 48 秒,
15:19
a.m. Central中央 Time.
372
907546
1475
中部时间上午。
15:21
CHCH: And you roll to a stop
373
909021
1171
克里斯‧哈德菲尔德:
飞船滚动直到停止
15:22
as if someone有人 threw your
spaceship飞船 at the ground地面
374
910192
1669
就像有人把你的飞船扔在地上那样
15:24
and it tumbles翻滚 end结束 over end结束,
375
911861
1382
它不断翻滚直至停止,
15:25
but you're ready准备 for it
376
913243
1006
但你已经对此做好准备了
15:26
you're in a custom-built定制 seat座位,
377
914249
1376
你在一个定制的座椅上,
15:27
you know how the shock休克 absorber吸收 works作品.
378
915625
1437
你了解避震器的工作原理。
15:29
And then eventually终于 the Russians俄罗斯 reach达到 in,
379
917062
1991
终于,俄罗斯人来了,
15:31
drag拖动 you out,
380
919053
1158
把你从飞船中拖出来,
15:32
plunk普拉克 you into a chair椅子,
381
920211
1700
让你坐在椅子上,
15:34
and you can now look back at
382
921911
3443
你现在可以回想
15:37
what was an incredible难以置信 experience经验.
383
925354
3182
那令人难以置信的经历。
15:40
You have taken采取 the dreams of that
384
928536
1967
你已完成了那个九岁男孩
15:42
nine-year-old九十岁 boy男孩,
385
930503
1612
的梦想,
15:44
which哪一个 were impossible不可能
386
932115
1639
这几乎是不可能实现的
15:45
and dauntingly吓人 scary害怕,
387
933754
2890
而且非常可怕,
15:48
dauntingly吓人 terrifying可怕的,
388
936644
1700
恐怖地令人生畏,
15:50
and put them into practice实践,
389
938344
2724
但你将梦想付诸实践,
15:53
and figured想通 out a way to reprogram重新编程 yourself你自己,
390
941068
3233
并想出了重振自己的办法,
15:56
to change更改 your primal原始 fear恐惧
391
944301
2128
以对抗本能的恐惧,
15:58
so that it allowed允许 you to come back
392
946429
2899
所以,它允许你带着
16:01
with a set of experiences经验 and a level水平 of inspiration灵感
393
949328
3940
一些经验和一些启示回来,
16:05
for other people
394
953268
1343
分享给其他人,
16:06
that never could have been possible可能 otherwise除此以外.
395
954611
3126
否则这些永远不可能发生。
16:11
Just to finish, they asked me to play that guitar吉他.
396
959120
6227
要结束了,
他们希望我弹吉他。
16:17
I know this song歌曲,
397
965347
2260
我熟悉这首歌,
16:19
and it's really a tribute to the genius天才
398
967607
5220
这是对大卫·鲍伊本人
16:25
of David大卫 Bowie鲍伊 himself他自己,
399
972827
2033
最佳的赞叹,
16:27
but it's also, I think,
400
974860
1913
与此同时,我想,
16:28
a reflection反射 of the fact事实 that we are not machines
401
976773
2438
再次强调我们不是机器
16:31
exploring探索 the universe宇宙,
402
979211
1333
在探索宇宙,
16:32
we are people,
403
980544
1113
我们是人类,
16:33
and we're taking服用
404
981657
2164
我们有着
16:36
that ability能力 to adapt适应
405
983821
2176
能力去适应
16:38
and that ability能力 to understand理解
406
985997
1530
有能力去理解
16:39
and the ability能力 to take
407
987527
1976
有能力
16:41
our own拥有 self-perception自我认知 into a new place地点.
408
989503
4359
在新环境下自我认知。
16:46
(Music音乐)
409
994369
5730
(音乐)
16:52
♫ This is Major重大的 Tom汤姆 to ground地面 control控制
410
1000099
4673
♫ 这是汤姆上校呼叫地控中心 ♫
16:56
♫ I've left forevermore永远
411
1004772
5059
♫ 我永远地离开 ♫
17:02
♫ And I'm floating漂浮的 in a most peculiar奇特 way ♫
412
1009831
6807
♫ 我正以最奇特的方式漂浮着 ♫
17:08
♫ And the stars明星 look very different不同 today今天
413
1016638
7105
♫ 今天的星星看起来与往常不同 ♫
17:15
♫ For here am I floating漂浮的 in the tin can ♫
414
1023743
7454
♫ 我在这个罐头里漂浮着 ♫
17:23
♫ A last glimpse一瞥 of the world世界
415
1031197
6830
♫ 最后看一眼世界 ♫
17:30
Planet行星 Earth地球 is blue蓝色 and
there's so much left to do ♫
416
1038027
7178
♫ 地球是蓝色的,
还有那么多事要去完成 ♫
17:38
(Music音乐)
417
1045820
18963
(音乐)
17:56
Fear恐惧 not.
418
1064783
1526
无所畏惧。
17:58
(Applause掌声)
419
1066309
13243
(鼓掌)
18:11
That's very nice不错 of you. Thank you very much.
420
1079552
3186
非常感谢你们。非常感谢。
18:14
Thank you.
421
1082738
2167
谢谢。
Translated by Zhiting Chen
Reviewed by Geoff Chen

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Chris Hadfield - Astronaut
Tweeting (and covering Bowie) from the International Space Station last year, Colonel Chris Hadfield reminded the world how much we love space.

Why you should listen

“Good morning, Earth.” That is how Colonel Chris Hadfield, writing on Twitter, woke up the world every day while living aboard the International Space Station. In his five months on the ISS (including three as commander) Hadfield became a worldwide sensation, using social media to make outer space accessible and infusing a sense of wonder into the collective consciousness. Check out his cover version of David Bowie's "Space Oddity," sung while floating in his tin can, far above the world ...
 
Now back on our home planet, he continues to share the excitement of science and space travel. He's the author of the 2014 book An Astronaut's Guide to Life on Earth. As he says, "There are no wishy-washy astronauts. You don't get up there by being uncaring and blasé. And whatever gave you the sense of tenacity and purpose to get that far in life is absolutely reaffirmed and deepened by the experience itself." A photography geek, in 2014 he also published an album of his photos from the shuttle: You Are Here: Around the World in 92 Minutes.

Hadfield is also a font of Canadian firsts: He was Canada’s first shuttle mission specialist, and the first Canadian to board a Russian spacecraft (he helped build the Mir), do a spacewalk (he's done two), and of course, to command the International Space Station.

 

More profile about the speaker
Chris Hadfield | Speaker | TED.com