TED2014
Chris Hadfield: What I learned from going blind in space
克里斯‧哈德菲尔德: 在太空中的失明经历教给我的事
Filmed:
Readability: 3.6
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有位宇航员说：在太空中，“事情永远可以往更糟的方向发展。”我们要如何处理错综复杂的状况，如何处理纯粹的压力，以及对待危险和可怕的处境？ 退役上校克里斯‧哈德菲尔德绘制了栩栩如生的图画，讲解如何为在太空中（和生活中）遇到最糟糕的处境做准备。对抗恐惧开始于穿越蜘蛛网。一起来欣赏这场特别的的太空表演。
Chris Hadfield - Astronaut
Tweeting (and covering Bowie) from the International Space Station last year, Colonel Chris Hadfield reminded the world how much we love space. Full bio
Tweeting (and covering Bowie) from the International Space Station last year, Colonel Chris Hadfield reminded the world how much we love space. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
What's the scariest thing you've ever done?
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你所做过最可怕的事是什么？
00:17
Or another way to say it is,
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或者用另外一种方式来说，
00:20
what's the most dangerous
thing that you've ever done?
thing that you've ever done?
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你做过最危险的事是什么？
00:24
And why did you do it?
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你为什么要这么做？
00:28
I know what the most dangerous thing is
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我知道我所做过
00:30
that I've ever done
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最危险的事是什么。
00:31
because NASA does the math.
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因为美国宇航局做了计算。
00:33
You look back to the first five shuttle launches,
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当你回顾最初的五个航天飞机发射，
00:35
the odds of a catastrophic event
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就会发现，灾难性事件发生的几率
00:38
during the first five shuttle launches
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在第一次五个航天飞机发射期间
00:40
was one in nine.
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是九分之一。
00:42
And even when I first flew in the shuttle
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甚至当我在穿梭机首飞
00:44
back in 1995, 74 shuttle flight,
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早在 1995 年，74 次航天飞行，
00:47
the odds were still now that we look back
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当我们现在回头看几率是
00:49
about one in 38 or so -- one in 35, one in 40.
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大约每 38 个左右——
每 35 个、每 40 个有一个失败。
每 35 个、每 40 个有一个失败。
00:55
Not great odds, so it's a really interesting day
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几率不是很大，
这是很有趣的一天
这是很有趣的一天
00:57
when you wake up at the Kennedy Space Center
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当你在肯尼迪航天中心醒来
01:00
and you're going to go to space that day
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就在这一天，
你即将出发前往太空，
你即将出发前往太空，
01:02
because you realize by the end of the day
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因为你意识到，
在这天接近尾声的时候
在这天接近尾声的时候
01:04
you're either going to be floating
effortlessly, gloriously in space,
effortlessly, gloriously in space,
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你要么光荣地、毫不费力地
在太空中漂浮着，
在太空中漂浮着，
01:07
or you'll be dead.
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要么就已经死了。
01:10
You go into, at the Kennedy Space Center,
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你进入肯尼迪航天中心，
01:14
the suit-up room,
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走进更衣间，
01:16
the same room that our childhood heroes
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就是那个我们童年英雄
更衣的同一个房间，
01:20
got dressed in,
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01:21
that Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin got suited in
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尼尔·阿姆斯特朗和
巴兹·奥尔德林在此更衣
巴兹·奥尔德林在此更衣
01:24
to go ride the Apollo rocket to the moon.
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随后登上阿波罗号火箭前往月球。
01:26
And I got my pressure suit built around me
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我穿着加压服
01:30
and rode down outside in the van
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乘坐厢式车
01:34
heading out to the launchpad --
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驶向发射台，
01:35
in the Astro van -- heading out to the launchpad,
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乘坐宇航局的厢式车，
向发射台驶去，
向发射台驶去，
01:38
and as you come around the corner
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当你即将抵达
01:40
at the Kennedy Space Center,
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肯尼迪航天中心，
01:42
it's normally predawn, and in the distance,
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通常是黎明前，
距离你不远处的，
距离你不远处的，
01:46
lit up by the huge xenon lights,
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被氙气大灯照得锃亮的，
01:49
is your spaceship --
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就是你将搭载的宇宙飞船——
01:52
the vehicle that is going to take you off the planet.
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它会带你离开这个星球。
01:56
The crew is sitting in the Astro van
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全体人员坐在车里
01:59
sort of hushed, almost holding hands,
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很安静，手牵手，
02:01
looking at that as it gets bigger and bigger.
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看着那宇宙飞船越来越大。
02:03
We ride the elevator up
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我们搭乘电梯上去
02:06
and we crawl in, on your hands and knees
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我们用手和膝盖
02:08
into the spaceship, one at a time,
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爬进太空飞船，
一次进一个人，
一次进一个人，
02:10
and you worm your way up
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你蠕动到
02:11
into your chair and plunk yourself down
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你的椅子上，
让自己坐定下来
让自己坐定下来
02:14
on your back.
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背部紧贴座椅。
02:16
And the hatch is closed,
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接着，舱门关闭了，
02:20
and suddenly,
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突然间，
02:22
what has been a lifetime of both dreams and denial
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一生的梦想和拒绝的事
02:27
is becoming real,
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正在成为现实，
02:28
something that I dreamed about,
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我梦想的东西
02:29
in fact, that I chose to do when I was nine years old,
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事实上，我九岁时的梦想，
02:32
is now suddenly within not too many minutes
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现在突然在未来的几分钟内
02:35
of actually happening.
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就要真正地发生了。
02:37
In the astronaut business --
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在宇航界，
02:40
the shuttle is a very complicated vehicle;
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航天飞机是非常复杂的运载工具；
02:42
it's the most complicated flying machine ever built.
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它是有史以来最复杂的飞行工具。
02:46
And in the astronaut business,
we have a saying, which is,
we have a saying, which is,
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在宇航界，我们有一种说法是，
02:49
there is no problem so bad
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问题没有最糟
02:51
that you can't make it worse.
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只有更糟。
02:53
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
02:55
And so you're very conscious in the cockpit;
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你在驾驶舱内头脑十分清醒；
02:58
you're thinking about all of the things
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你在想着所有你需要
02:59
that you might have to do,
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完成的事情，
03:00
all the switches and all the
wickets you have to go through.
wickets you have to go through.
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包括所有的开关和所有的小闸门。
03:03
And as the time gets closer and closer,
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随着时间越来越近，
03:05
this excitement is building.
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你也越发兴奋。
03:06
And then about three and a
half minutes before launch,
half minutes before launch,
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在发射前的三分半钟，
03:09
the huge nozzles on the back,
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背后巨大的喷射器，
03:10
like the size of big church bells,
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其尺寸如同教堂的大钟，
03:12
swing back and forth
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来回摇摆
03:13
and the mass of them is such
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感觉就像这样
03:15
that it sways the whole vehicle,
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让整个宇宙飞船随之摇摆，
03:16
like the vehicle is alive underneath you,
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仿佛你脚下的飞船是活着的，
03:19
like an elephant getting up
off its knees or something.
off its knees or something.
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像是大象站立起来之类的。
03:23
And then about 30 seconds before launch,
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然后在发射前约 30 秒时，
03:25
the vehicle is completely alive --
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飞船完全地活动起来——
03:27
it is ready to go --
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准备好要出发了--
03:28
the APUs are running,
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加速处理器在运行，
03:29
the computers are all self-contained,
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计算机都是自控的，
03:31
it's ready to leave the planet.
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它已准备离开这个星球。
03:33
And 15 seconds before launch, this happens:
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在发射前 15 秒的情况是这样的：
03:36
(Video) Voice: 12, 11, 10,
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（视频）声音： 12、 11、 10、
03:40
nine, eight, seven, six --
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九、 八、 七、 六...
03:44
(Space shuttle preparing for takeoff)
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（航天飞机准备起飞）
03:47
-- start, two, one,
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— — 开始，二，一，
03:50
booster ignition, and liftoff of
the space shuttle Discovery,
the space shuttle Discovery,
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助推器点火，发射航天飞机，
03:54
returning to the space station, paving the way ...
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返回空间站，铺平道路......
03:58
(Space shuttle taking off)
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（航天飞机起飞）
04:11
Chris Hadfield: It is incredibly powerful
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克里斯‧哈德菲尔德：
搭载宇宙飞船
搭载宇宙飞船
04:13
to be on board one of these things.
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感觉到的是难以置信的力量。
04:15
You are in the grip of something
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你被比自己强大许多的东西
04:17
that is vastly more powerful than yourself.
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握在手中。
04:19
It's shaking you so hard you can't focus
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它剧烈地摇晃着，
让你难以集中精神
让你难以集中精神
04:22
on the instruments in front of you.
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操作你面前的设备。
04:23
It's like you're in the jaws of some enormous dog
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就像你在巨型犬的下巴里，
04:26
and there's a foot in the small of your back
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你的背后有只脚
04:29
pushing you into space,
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将你推向太空，
04:30
accelerating wildly straight up,
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疯狂加速直冲云霄，
04:32
shouldering your way through the air,
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带着你穿越气层，
04:34
and you're in a very complex place --
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随后你就到达了一个非常复杂的地方——
04:36
paying attention, watching the vehicle
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注意，观察飞船
04:38
go through each one of its wickets
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穿过一扇扇小闸门
04:40
with a steadily increasing smile on your face.
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脸上的笑容愈发灿烂。
04:42
After two minutes, those solid rockets explode off
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两分钟后，这些固体火箭脱落下去
04:46
and then you just have the liquid engines,
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剩下的是液体火箭发动机，
04:48
the hydrogen and oxygen,
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含有氢和氧，
04:49
and it's as if you're in a dragster
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这感觉犹如你在高速赛车，
04:51
with your foot to the floor
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脚踩在地上，
04:53
and accelerating like you've never accelerated.
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以前所未有的速度前进。
04:55
You get lighter and lighter,
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你变得越来越轻，
04:56
the force gets on us heavier and heavier.
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我们所感受到的推动力
越来越强。
越来越强。
04:59
It feels like
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这种感觉
05:00
someone's pouring cement on you or something.
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就像有人在往你身上
浇筑水泥似的。
浇筑水泥似的。
05:02
Until finally,
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终于，
05:04
after about eight minutes and 40 seconds or so,
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在约 8 分钟 40 秒左右时间之后，
05:06
we are finally at exactly the right altitude,
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我们到达正确的高度，
05:08
exactly the right speed,
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正确的速度，
05:10
the right direction, the engine shut off,
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正确的方向，
接着引擎关闭了，
接着引擎关闭了，
05:14
and we're weightless.
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我们失重了。
05:16
And we're alive.
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我们还活着。
05:19
It's an amazing experience.
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这是一次奇妙的体验。
05:20
But why would we take that risk?
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但我们为什么要冒这个险呢？
05:23
Why would you do something that dangerous?
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你为什么要做如此危险的事情?
05:27
In my case the answer is fairly straightforward.
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在我看来答案是相当简单的。
05:29
I was inspired as a youngster
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在我年轻的时候，
05:32
that this was what I wanted to do.
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我发现这是我想要做的事。
05:34
I watched the first people walk on the moon
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我观看了人类第一次的月球行走，
05:36
and to me, it was just an obvious thing --
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对我来说，这太明显了——
05:38
I want to somehow turn myself into that.
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我想要自己未来也成为这样的人。
05:41
But the real question is,
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但真正的问题是，
05:42
how do you deal with the danger of it
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你如何处理随之而来的危险
05:45
and the fear that comes from it?
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和与危险随之而来的恐惧呢？
05:47
How do you deal with fear versus danger?
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你是如何处理恐惧与危险的？
05:51
And having the goal in mind,
thinking about where it might lead,
thinking about where it might lead,
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铭记这个目标，
想着它会带领我前往的方向
想着它会带领我前往的方向
05:54
directed me to a life of
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指引我过着
05:56
looking at all of the small details to allow
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关注所有能让这目标实现的
05:59
this to become possible,
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所有小细节，
06:01
to be able to launch and go
help build a space station
help build a space station
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为了能够发射前往太空
帮助建立国际空间站，
帮助建立国际空间站，
06:04
where you are on board a million-pound creation
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你搭乘一辆价值上百万英镑的交通工具，
06:06
that's going around the world at five miles a second,
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它以五英里每秒的速度
06:09
eight kilometers a second,
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八公里每秒的速度绕地球飞行，
06:10
around the world 16 times a day,
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相当于一天内绕地球 16 次，
06:13
with experiments on board that are teaching us
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飞船装载了很多
有待在太空中完成的实验，
有待在太空中完成的实验，
06:17
what the substance of the universe is made of
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这些实验将会解释宇宙的实质是什么，
06:19
and running 200 experiments inside.
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并且，还要在飞船内进行 200 场实验 。
06:22
But maybe even more importantly,
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但也许更重要的是，
06:23
allowing us to see the world in a way
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它能让我们以独特的视角看这个世界，
06:27
that is impossible through any other means,
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这是不可能通过
任何其他方式完成的，
任何其他方式完成的，
06:30
to be able to look down
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能够在这样的高空往下看
06:31
and have -- if your jaw could drop, it would --
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你会惊讶到连下巴都掉下来——
06:35
the jaw-dropping gorgeousness of the turning orb
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转动着的地球美得令人惊艳
06:39
like a self-propelled art gallery of fantastic,
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好似自我旋转中的极美的画廊，
06:43
constantly changing beauty that is the world itself.
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这个世界本身不断变化着的美丽。
06:47
And you see, because of the speed,
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你看，出于运转速度原因，
06:49
a sunrise or a sunset every 45 minutes
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每 45 分钟就有一次日出或日落
06:52
for half a year.
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持续半年。
06:56
And the most magnificent part of all that
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最棒的部分，
06:58
is to go outside on a spacewalk.
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是去外太空行走。
07:01
You are in a one-person spaceship
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你搭乘着“单人宇宙飞船”，
07:06
that is your spacesuit,
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也就是你自己的的宇航服，
07:08
and you're going through space with the world.
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你将会和世界一起穿越太空。
07:12
It's an entirely different perspective,
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这是个完全不同的角度，
07:13
you're not looking up at the universe,
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你不是抬头去看宇宙，
07:15
you and the Earth are going
through the universe together.
through the universe together.
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而是你和地球一起在宇宙中翱翔。
07:18
And you're holding on with one hand,
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你用一只手抓住飞船，
07:20
looking at the world turn beside you.
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看着世界在你身边转动。
07:22
It's roaring silently
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它以静默的方式咆哮
07:26
with color and texture as it pours by
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被注以水波似的颜色和纹理
07:29
mesmerizingly next to you.
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就在你身边。
07:31
And if you can tear your eyes away from that
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如果你可以把自己的目光移开，
07:33
and you look under your arm
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看向你手臂的下方
07:35
down at the rest of everything,
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下面是其余的一切，
07:37
it's unfathomable blackness,
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它是深不可测的黑暗空间，
07:42
with a texture you feel like you
could stick your hand into.
could stick your hand into.
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让你觉得可以把手放进去的那种纹理。
07:45
and you are holding on with one hand,
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你用一只手抓着飞船，
07:48
one link to the other seven billion people.
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另一只手连结着 70 亿人。
07:50
And I was outside on my first spacewalk
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我在飞船外进行
第一次太空行走的时候，
第一次太空行走的时候，
07:52
when my left eye went blind,
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我的左眼失明了，
07:56
and I didn't know why.
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我不知道为什么会这样。
07:58
Suddenly my left eye slammed shut
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突然间，我的左眼就失明了
08:00
in great pain
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并伴随着剧烈的痛苦，
08:01
and I couldn't figure out why my eye wasn't working.
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我不明白眼睛失明的原因。
08:05
I was thinking, what do I do next?
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我考虑着，
下一步该怎么办呢?
下一步该怎么办呢?
08:06
I thought, well maybe that's why we have two eyes,
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我想，也许这就是
我们人类有两只眼睛的原因，
我们人类有两只眼睛的原因，
08:08
so I kept working.
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所以我继续工作着。
08:10
But unfortunately, without gravity,
186
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但不幸的是，
在失重情况下，
在失重情况下，
08:13
tears don't fall.
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眼泪不会掉下来。
08:15
So you just get a bigger and
bigger ball of whatever that is
bigger ball of whatever that is
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所以你眼里的液状球体
变得越来越大
变得越来越大
08:18
mixed with your tears on your eye
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2008
与你的眼泪混合在一起
08:20
until eventually, the ball becomes so big
190
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直到最后，
液态球变得很大
液态球变得很大
08:22
that the surface tension takes it
across the bridge of your nose
across the bridge of your nose
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表面张力让它跨过你的鼻梁
08:25
like a tiny little waterfall
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像一个小小的瀑布
08:27
and goes "goosh" into your other eye,
193
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2075
进入你的另一只眼睛，
08:29
and now I was completely blind
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于是我就彻底失明了
08:32
outside the spaceship.
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那时我在太空飞船的外面。
08:35
So what's the scariest thing you've ever done?
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那么你最可怕遭遇是什么？
08:38
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
08:42
Maybe it's spiders.
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也许是蜘蛛。
08:43
A lot of people are afraid of spiders.
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很多人都害怕蜘蛛。
08:45
I think you should be afraid of spiders --
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人们确实会害怕蜘蛛——
08:46
spiders are creepy and they've got long, hairy legs,
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蜘蛛令人毛骨悚然，
它们有长长的毛茸茸的双腿，
它们有长长的毛茸茸的双腿，
08:49
and spiders like this one, the brown recluse --
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这种蜘蛛，棕色的隐士——
08:52
it's horrible. If a brown recluse bites you,
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非常可怕。如果棕色隐士咬了你，
08:55
you end with one of these
horrible, big necrotic things
horrible, big necrotic things
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可怕的大面积肌肉坏死将会出现在
08:56
on your leg
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你的腿上
08:57
and there might be one right now
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现在可能就会有一个棕色隐士
08:59
sitting on the chair behind you, in fact.
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坐在你背后的椅子上。
09:02
And how do you know?
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你怎么会知道呢？
09:03
And so a spider lands on you,
209
531112
1374
如果有一只蜘蛛爬到你身上，
09:04
and you go through this great, spasmy attack
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你就会猛烈地攻击它，
09:06
because spiders are scary.
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因为蜘蛛都是可怕的。
09:08
But then you could say, well
is there a brown recluse
is there a brown recluse
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2504
你可以说，有棕色的隐士
09:10
sitting on the chair beside me or not?
213
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1375
坐在我旁边的椅子上吗?
09:12
I don't know. Are there brown recluses here?
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2014
我不知道。
有棕色隐士在这里吗？
有棕色隐士在这里吗？
09:14
So if you actually do the research, you find out that
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2683
如果你真正地做了研究，
你就会发现，
你就会发现，
09:17
in the world there are about
50,000 different types of spiders,
50,000 different types of spiders,
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544831
3045
在世界上有约 5 万种不同类型的蜘蛛，
09:20
and there are about two dozen that are venomous
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2675
在这 5 万种蜘蛛中，
大约有 24 余种
大约有 24 余种
09:22
out of 50,000.
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1351
是有毒的。
09:24
And if you're in Canada, because of the cold winters
219
551902
2368
如果你在加拿大，冬季寒冷
在不列颠哥伦比亚省
在不列颠哥伦比亚省
09:26
here in B.C., there's about 720,
730 different types of spiders
730 different types of spiders
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有约为 720、730 种不同类型的蜘蛛
09:30
and there's one -- one --
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1902
有一个，一个，
09:32
that is venomous,
222
560652
859
是有毒的，
09:33
and its venom isn't even fatal,
223
561511
1706
它的毒液甚至并不致命，
09:35
it's just kind of like a nasty sting.
224
563217
1901
它会蜇你让你有刺痛感。
09:37
And that spider -- not only that,
225
565118
1925
那种蜘蛛 ——不只是那样，
09:39
but that spider has beautiful markings on it,
226
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3213
那种蜘蛛身上有着美丽的标记，
09:42
it's like "I'm dangerous. I got a big radiation
symbol on my back, it's the black widow."
symbol on my back, it's the black widow."
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570256
4148
好像在告诉人们 “我很危险，我的背上有个
大大的辐射符号，我是黑寡妇。”
大大的辐射符号，我是黑寡妇。”
09:46
So, if you're even slightly careful
228
574404
2258
所以，如果你只需稍微小心
09:48
you can avoid running into the one spider --
229
576662
2442
就可以避免碰到蜘蛛——
09:51
and it lives close the ground,
230
579104
2146
蜘蛛生活在离地面很近的地方，
09:53
you're walking along, you are
never going to go through
never going to go through
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2452
你沿路走着，永远不会
09:55
a spider web where a black widow bites you.
232
583702
1850
碰到一张蜘蛛网，
被那里的黑寡妇蜘蛛咬伤。
被那里的黑寡妇蜘蛛咬伤。
09:57
Spider webs like this, it doesn't build those,
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585552
1973
黑寡妇蜘蛛不会编织这样的蜘蛛网，
09:59
it builds them down in the corners.
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1630
它们的网通常会在角落里。
10:01
And its a black widow because
235
589155
1592
它名叫黑寡妇，那是因为
10:02
the female spider eats the male;
236
590747
1339
母蜘蛛会吃掉公蜘蛛；
10:04
it doesn't care about you.
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592086
1791
它根本不在乎你。
10:06
So in fact,
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593877
1465
因此，事实上，
10:07
the next time you walk into a spiderweb,
239
595342
2299
下一次你走入一张蜘蛛网的时候，
10:09
you don't need to panic and go
with your caveman reaction.
with your caveman reaction.
240
597641
3875
你不需要感到恐慌，
也不需要呈现你的穴居人反应。
也不需要呈现你的穴居人反应。
10:13
The danger is entirely different than the fear.
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601516
4589
危险与恐惧完全不同。
10:18
How do you get around it, though?
242
606105
2333
你如何能够绕过它？
10:20
How do you change your behavior?
243
608438
1254
你如何能改变自己的行为？
10:21
Well, next time you see a spiderweb,
244
609692
1484
好吧，下次当你见到一张蜘蛛网的时候，
10:23
have a good look, make sure
it's not a black widow spider,
it's not a black widow spider,
245
611176
2214
仔细端详一下，
确保它不是黑寡妇蜘蛛的网，
确保它不是黑寡妇蜘蛛的网，
10:25
and then walk into it.
246
613390
1792
然后穿越它。
10:27
And then you see another spiderweb
247
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1638
后来，你看到另一个蜘蛛网
10:29
and walk into that one.
248
616820
1222
你穿越它。
10:30
It's just a little bit of fluffy stuff. It's not a big deal.
249
618042
2246
它只是有点毛绒绒的东西。
没什么大不了的。
没什么大不了的。
10:32
And the spider that may come out is
no more threat to you than a lady bug
no more threat to you than a lady bug
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620288
3516
编织这张网的蜘蛛对你形成的威胁
不会大过于一只瓢虫
不会大过于一只瓢虫
10:36
or a butterfly.
251
623804
2868
或者是一只蝴蝶。
10:38
And then I guarantee you if you
walk through 100 spiderwebs
walk through 100 spiderwebs
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2928
我向你保证，
如果你穿越过 100 张蜘蛛网
如果你穿越过 100 张蜘蛛网
10:41
you will have changed
253
629600
1588
你将会改变
10:43
your fundamental human behavior,
254
631188
2555
你最基本的人类行为，
10:45
your caveman reaction,
255
633743
1505
你如同穴居人般的反应，
10:47
and you will now be able to walk
in the park in the morning
in the park in the morning
256
635248
2827
你现在能够早上在公园散步
10:50
and not worry about that spiderweb --
257
638075
1789
不去不担心那蛛网——
10:52
or into your grandma's attic or whatever,
258
639864
2460
或到你祖母的阁楼或之类的地方，
10:54
into your own basement.
259
642324
5085
到你自己的地下室。
10:59
And you can apply this to anything.
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647409
3511
你可以将此经验应用于一切事物。
11:03
If you're outside on a spacewalk and you're blinded,
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2815
如果你在外太空行走的时候失明了，
11:05
your natural reaction would be to panic, I think.
262
653735
2624
你的自然反应是恐慌，我觉得。
11:08
It would make you nervous and worried.
263
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2060
它会使你紧张和担心。
11:10
But we had considered all the venom,
264
658419
2488
但我们曾考虑过所有毒液，
11:13
and we had practiced with a whole
variety of different spiderwebs.
variety of different spiderwebs.
265
660907
2881
我们实践了各种不同的蜘蛛网。
11:15
We knew everything there is to know
266
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1734
我们知道该了解的
11:17
about the spacesuit
267
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1458
关于宇航服的一切
11:19
and we trained underwater thousands of times.
268
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2513
我们在水下训练过数千次。
11:21
And we don't just practice things going right,
269
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1731
我们不只是实践任务顺利的情况，
11:23
we practice things going wrong all the time,
270
671224
2824
我们一直都在练习
如何处理出差错的情况，
如何处理出差错的情况，
11:26
so that you are constantly walking
through those spiderwebs.
through those spiderwebs.
271
674048
3264
这样，你不断穿越过那些蜘蛛网。
11:29
And not just underwater, but
also in virtual reality labs
also in virtual reality labs
272
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3077
不只是在水下，
也在模拟实验室
也在模拟实验室
11:32
with the helmet and the gloves
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1391
带着头盔和手套
11:33
so you feel like it's realistic.
274
681780
1407
所以感觉是很真实的。
11:35
So when you finally actually
get outside on a spacewalk,
get outside on a spacewalk,
275
683187
3328
当你最终真正在外太空行走时，
11:38
it feels much different than it would
276
686515
1962
它和想象中的感觉有诸多不同，
11:40
if you just went out first time.
277
688477
1838
即使你第一次出去。
11:42
And even if you're blinded,
278
690315
1761
即使你失明了，
11:44
your natural, panicky reaction doesn't happen.
279
692076
3646
你自然地惊慌反应不会发生。
11:47
Instead you kind of look around and go,
280
695722
1359
相反，你四处看看然后想，
11:49
"Okay, I can't see,
281
697081
1652
好吧，我看不见，
11:50
but I can hear, I can talk,
282
698733
2422
但听得见，我可以说话，
11:53
Scott Parazynski is out here with me.
283
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1729
斯科特▪帕拉辛斯基是和我一起从这里出去的。
11:55
He could come over and help me."
284
702884
1431
他能过来帮我"。
11:56
We actually practiced incapacitated crew rescue,
285
704315
3914
我们实际上练习过救援
丧失行为能力的乘员组，
丧失行为能力的乘员组，
12:00
so he could float me like a blimp
286
708229
1791
所以他可以把我当做小型飞船浮动
12:02
and stuff me into the airlock if he had to.
287
710020
2175
必要的情况下并把我塞进气闸舱。
12:04
I could find my own way back.
288
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2200
我自己能回到飞船。
12:06
It's not nearly as big a deal.
289
714395
1370
这不是什么严重的事。
12:07
And actually, if you keep on crying for a while,
290
715765
2022
事实上，如果你继续哭一会儿，
12:09
whatever that gunk was that's
in your eye starts to dilute
in your eye starts to dilute
291
717787
2395
在你眼里的粘稠物
就会开始淡化，
就会开始淡化，
12:12
and you can start to see again,
292
720182
1520
然后你就恢复视力了，
12:13
and Houston, if you negotiate with them,
293
721702
2067
休斯顿活检中心，
如果你与他们沟通，
如果你与他们沟通，
12:15
they will let you then keep working.
294
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2997
他们会允许你继续工作。
12:18
We finished everything on the spacewalk
295
726766
2059
我们完成了这次太空行走
所需完成的全部内容，
所需完成的全部内容，
12:21
and when we came back inside,
296
728825
1597
我们回到飞船里面，
12:22
Jeff got some cotton batting and took
the crusty stuff around my eyes,
the crusty stuff around my eyes,
297
730422
3723
杰夫用棉花清理了我眼睛周围的东西
12:26
and it turned out it was just the anti-fog,
298
734145
2452
其实只是防雾剂，
12:28
sort of a mixture of oil and soap, that got in my eye.
299
736597
3447
类似油和肥皂的混合物，
跑到我的眼睛里。
跑到我的眼睛里。
12:32
And now we use Johnson's No More Tears,
300
740044
3548
所以现在我们使用
强生公司的无泪系列产品，
强生公司的无泪系列产品，
12:35
which we probably should've been using
301
743592
1315
其实从一开始我们就该
12:37
right from the very beginning. (Laughter)
302
744907
3636
使用这系列产品的。（笑声）
12:40
But the key to that is
303
748543
4946
但关键在于
12:45
by looking at the difference
304
753489
1555
两者的区别
12:47
between perceived danger and actual danger,
305
755044
1995
认为的危险与实际的危险，
12:49
where is the real risk?
306
757039
1367
真正的危险在哪里？
12:50
What is the real thing that you should be afraid of?
307
758406
2054
你真正应该害怕的事情是什么？
12:52
Not just a generic fear of bad things happening.
308
760460
2768
不只是对可能发生坏事
而感到恐惧。
而感到恐惧。
12:55
You can fundamentally change
your reaction to things
your reaction to things
309
763228
2367
你可以从根本上
改变你对事情的反应
改变你对事情的反应
12:57
so that it allows you to go places
310
765595
2937
这样，它会让你去别的地方
13:00
and see things and do things
311
768532
1637
看不同的东西，做新的事情，
13:02
that otherwise would be completely denied to you ...
312
770169
2496
否则你会拒绝做出改变......
13:04
where you could see the
hardpan south of the Sahara,
hardpan south of the Sahara,
313
772665
3347
你可以看到
撒哈拉以南地区的砂砾层，
撒哈拉以南地区的砂砾层，
13:08
or you can see New York City
314
776012
1952
你也可以看到纽约
13:10
in a way that is almost dreamlike,
315
777964
2099
以极近梦幻般的方式，
13:12
or the unconscious gingham
of Eastern Europe fields
of Eastern Europe fields
316
780063
4523
你还能看到东欧
随意分布的方格地貌
随意分布的方格地貌
13:16
or the Great Lakes
317
784586
2131
或者是北美五大湖
13:18
as a collection of small puddles.
318
786717
2741
看起来好似小水坑的集结。
13:21
You can see the fault lines of San Francisco
319
789473
3230
你可以看到旧金山的断层线
13:24
and the way the water pours out under the bridge,
320
792703
1898
和水从桥下涌出的样子，
13:26
just entirely different
321
794601
1732
如果你没能找到征服恐惧的办法，
13:28
than any other way that you could have
322
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1669
你将没有任何其他办法来看到
13:30
if you had not found a way to conquer your fear.
323
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3283
如此这般壮美的景象。
13:33
You see a beauty that otherwise
324
801285
2439
不用这种方式，你将
13:35
never would have happened.
325
803724
2477
永远不会看到如此美好的景致。
13:39
It's time to come home at the end.
326
807694
1754
该结束了，是时候回家了。
13:41
This is our spaceship,
327
809448
1319
这是我们的太空船
13:42
the Soyuz, that little one.
328
810767
1107
联盟号，较小的那个。
13:44
Three of us climb in,
329
811874
1465
我们三个爬进去，
13:45
and then this spaceship detaches from the station
330
813339
2452
随后这艘太空飞船
从空间站分离
从空间站分离
13:47
and falls into the atmosphere.
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坠入大气层。
13:49
These two parts here
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这两个部分
13:51
actually melt, we jettison them and they burn up
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开始熔化， 我们抛弃它们
13:53
in the atmosphere.
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让它们在大气中燃烧。
13:54
The only part that survives is the little bullet
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剩下的部分
只是那个小小的子弹，
只是那个小小的子弹，
13:56
that we're riding in,
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1176
我们坐在里面，
13:57
and it falls into the atmosphere,
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随后它落入大气层，
13:59
and in essence
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本质上来说
14:01
you are riding a meteorite home,
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3561
你是搭着一个陨石回家，
14:05
and riding meteorites is scary,
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乘坐陨石是可怕的，
14:08
and it ought to be.
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就是这样。
14:09
But instead of riding into the atmosphere
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但是比起搭载它进入大气层
14:11
just screaming, like you would
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只是尖叫着，正如
14:13
if suddenly you found yourself riding a meteorite
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2345
你突然发现自己乘坐的是陨石
14:15
back to Earth -- (Laughter) --
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返回地球——（笑声）
14:18
instead, 20 years previously
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2424
相反，20 年前
14:20
we had started studying Russian,
347
848555
2616
我们已经开始学习俄语，
14:23
and then once you learn Russian, then we
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2580
一旦你会说俄语，然后我们
14:25
learned orbital mechanics in Russian,
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2514
用俄语学习轨道力学，
14:28
and then we learned vehicle control theory,
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2970
之后，我们学了运载工具控制理论，
14:31
and then we got into the simulator
351
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1469
然后我们打了模拟器
14:32
and practiced over and over and over again.
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2572
并一遍又一遍地练习。
14:35
And in fact, you can fly this meteorite
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2010
事实上，你可以操纵飞行这个陨石
14:37
and steer it and land in about a 15-kilometer circle
354
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2209
让它降落在半径约 15 公里的
14:39
anywhere on the Earth.
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1424
地球上的任意位置。
14:41
So in fact, when our crew was coming back
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2925
事实上，当我们宇航员们
返回地球的时候
返回地球的时候
14:44
into the atmosphere inside the Soyuz,
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2560
搭乘联盟号宇宙飞船进入大气层，
14:46
we weren't screaming, we were laughing;
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2376
我们不是在尖叫，我们在大笑 ；
14:48
it was fun.
359
876780
1068
这太有趣了。
14:50
And when the great big parachute opened,
360
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1928
当巨大的降落伞打开时，
14:51
we knew that if it didn't open
361
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1219
我们知道如果它无法打开
14:53
there's a second parachute,
362
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1215
有第二个降落伞备用，
14:54
and it runs on a nice little clockwork mechanism.
363
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2181
并且它的运行水平
犹如一个钟表装置般精密。
犹如一个钟表装置般精密。
14:56
So we came back, we came thundering back
364
884391
2382
回来了，我们雷鸣般地
14:58
to Earth and this is what it looked like
365
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1886
回到地球，这是当时的场景
15:00
to land in a Soyuz, in Kazakhstan.
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888659
2600
展示了联盟号飞船降落在
哈萨克斯坦的土地上。
哈萨克斯坦的土地上。
15:03
(Video) Reporter: And you can see one of those
367
891259
2023
（视频）记者：你可以看到其中一个
15:05
search and recovery helicopters, once again
368
893282
2716
搜寻救援直升机，
又一次出现
又一次出现
15:08
that helicopter part of dozen such Russian
369
895998
3011
这是俄罗斯
15:11
Mi-8 helicopters.
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4628
Mi-8 型直升机中的一架。
15:15
Touchdown -- 3:14 and 48 seconds,
371
903637
3909
着陆——3 时 14 分 48 秒，
15:19
a.m. Central Time.
372
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1475
中部时间上午。
15:21
CH: And you roll to a stop
373
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1171
克里斯‧哈德菲尔德：
飞船滚动直到停止
飞船滚动直到停止
15:22
as if someone threw your
spaceship at the ground
spaceship at the ground
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1669
就像有人把你的飞船扔在地上那样
15:24
and it tumbles end over end,
375
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1382
它不断翻滚直至停止，
15:25
but you're ready for it
376
913243
1006
但你已经对此做好准备了
15:26
you're in a custom-built seat,
377
914249
1376
你在一个定制的座椅上，
15:27
you know how the shock absorber works.
378
915625
1437
你了解避震器的工作原理。
15:29
And then eventually the Russians reach in,
379
917062
1991
终于，俄罗斯人来了，
15:31
drag you out,
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919053
1158
把你从飞船中拖出来，
15:32
plunk you into a chair,
381
920211
1700
让你坐在椅子上，
15:34
and you can now look back at
382
921911
3443
你现在可以回想
15:37
what was an incredible experience.
383
925354
3182
那令人难以置信的经历。
15:40
You have taken the dreams of that
384
928536
1967
你已完成了那个九岁男孩
15:42
nine-year-old boy,
385
930503
1612
的梦想，
15:44
which were impossible
386
932115
1639
这几乎是不可能实现的
15:45
and dauntingly scary,
387
933754
2890
而且非常可怕，
15:48
dauntingly terrifying,
388
936644
1700
恐怖地令人生畏，
15:50
and put them into practice,
389
938344
2724
但你将梦想付诸实践，
15:53
and figured out a way to reprogram yourself,
390
941068
3233
并想出了重振自己的办法，
15:56
to change your primal fear
391
944301
2128
以对抗本能的恐惧，
15:58
so that it allowed you to come back
392
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2899
所以，它允许你带着
16:01
with a set of experiences and a level of inspiration
393
949328
3940
一些经验和一些启示回来，
16:05
for other people
394
953268
1343
分享给其他人，
16:06
that never could have been possible otherwise.
395
954611
3126
否则这些永远不可能发生。
16:11
Just to finish, they asked me to play that guitar.
396
959120
6227
要结束了，
他们希望我弹吉他。
他们希望我弹吉他。
16:17
I know this song,
397
965347
2260
我熟悉这首歌，
16:19
and it's really a tribute to the genius
398
967607
5220
这是对大卫·鲍伊本人
16:25
of David Bowie himself,
399
972827
2033
最佳的赞叹，
16:27
but it's also, I think,
400
974860
1913
与此同时，我想，
16:28
a reflection of the fact that we are not machines
401
976773
2438
再次强调我们不是机器
16:31
exploring the universe,
402
979211
1333
在探索宇宙，
16:32
we are people,
403
980544
1113
我们是人类，
16:33
and we're taking
404
981657
2164
我们有着
16:36
that ability to adapt
405
983821
2176
能力去适应
16:38
and that ability to understand
406
985997
1530
有能力去理解
16:39
and the ability to take
407
987527
1976
有能力
16:41
our own self-perception into a new place.
408
989503
4359
在新环境下自我认知。
16:46
(Music)
409
994369
5730
（音乐）
16:52
♫ This is Major Tom to ground control ♫
410
1000099
4673
♫ 这是汤姆上校呼叫地控中心 ♫
16:56
♫ I've left forevermore ♫
411
1004772
5059
♫ 我永远地离开 ♫
17:02
♫ And I'm floating in a most peculiar way ♫
412
1009831
6807
♫ 我正以最奇特的方式漂浮着 ♫
17:08
♫ And the stars look very different today ♫
413
1016638
7105
♫ 今天的星星看起来与往常不同 ♫
17:15
♫ For here am I floating in the tin can ♫
414
1023743
7454
♫ 我在这个罐头里漂浮着 ♫
17:23
♫ A last glimpse of the world ♫
415
1031197
6830
♫ 最后看一眼世界 ♫
17:30
♫ Planet Earth is blue and
there's so much left to do ♫
there's so much left to do ♫
416
1038027
7178
♫ 地球是蓝色的，
还有那么多事要去完成 ♫
还有那么多事要去完成 ♫
17:38
(Music)
417
1045820
18963
（音乐）
17:56
Fear not.
418
1064783
1526
无所畏惧。
17:58
(Applause)
419
1066309
13243
（鼓掌）
18:11
That's very nice of you. Thank you very much.
420
1079552
3186
非常感谢你们。非常感谢。
18:14
Thank you.
421
1082738
2167
谢谢。
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Chris Hadfield - AstronautTweeting (and covering Bowie) from the International Space Station last year, Colonel Chris Hadfield reminded the world how much we love space.
Why you should listen
“Good morning, Earth.” That is how Colonel Chris Hadfield, writing on Twitter, woke up the world every day while living aboard the International Space Station. In his five months on the ISS (including three as commander) Hadfield became a worldwide sensation, using social media to make outer space accessible and infusing a sense of wonder into the collective consciousness. Check out his cover version of David Bowie's "Space Oddity," sung while floating in his tin can, far above the world ...
Now back on our home planet, he continues to share the excitement of science and space travel. He's the author of the 2014 book An Astronaut's Guide to Life on Earth. As he says, "There are no wishy-washy astronauts. You don't get up there by being uncaring and blasé. And whatever gave you the sense of tenacity and purpose to get that far in life is absolutely reaffirmed and deepened by the experience itself." A photography geek, in 2014 he also published an album of his photos from the shuttle: You Are Here: Around the World in 92 Minutes.
Hadfield is also a font of Canadian firsts: He was Canada’s first shuttle mission specialist, and the first Canadian to board a Russian spacecraft (he helped build the Mir), do a spacewalk (he's done two), and of course, to command the International Space Station.
Chris Hadfield | Speaker | TED.com