TED2014
Chris Hadfield: What I learned from going blind in space
克里斯·哈德菲爾德: 在太空中失去視覺教我的事
Filmed:
Readability: 3.6
8,557,375 views
有句太空人的玩笑話是這麼說的：「事情還沒壞到最高點，你還可以把它弄得更糟。」所以，你在危險及恐怖的情況下，要如何面對其複雜，及如履薄冰般的壓力？退役太空人上校克里斯·哈德菲爾德生動地描述著，如何為太空中（及人生）最糟的情況做好準備──以穿過蜘蛛網為例開始。敬請期待一場特別的太空表演。
Chris Hadfield - Astronaut
Tweeting (and covering Bowie) from the International Space Station last year, Colonel Chris Hadfield reminded the world how much we love space. Full bio
Tweeting (and covering Bowie) from the International Space Station last year, Colonel Chris Hadfield reminded the world how much we love space. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
What's the scariest thing you've ever done?
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你做過最可怕的事情是什麼？
00:17
Or another way to say it is,
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或者換個說法，
00:20
what's the most dangerous
thing that you've ever done?
thing that you've ever done?
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你做過最危險的事情是什麼？
00:24
And why did you do it?
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你為什麼要做？
00:28
I know what the most dangerous thing is
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我知道我到目前為止
00:30
that I've ever done
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所做過最危險的事情，
00:31
because NASA does the math.
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因為那是美國太空總署算出來的。
00:33
You look back to the first five shuttle launches,
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你回想最初五次太空梭發射
00:35
the odds of a catastrophic event
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發生災難的機率，
00:38
during the first five shuttle launches
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在那五次發射當中
00:40
was one in nine.
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是九分之一。
00:42
And even when I first flew in the shuttle
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即使在我首次登上太空梭
00:44
back in 1995, 74 shuttle flight,
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那一年，1995 年
編號 74 的太空梭飛行任務，
編號 74 的太空梭飛行任務，
00:47
the odds were still now that we look back
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現在我們回頭看，機率仍然有
00:49
about one in 38 or so -- one in 35, one in 40.
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大約 1/38…1/35 或 1/40。
00:55
Not great odds, so it's a really interesting day
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機率不算很高，
所以那天真的很有意思。
所以那天真的很有意思。
00:57
when you wake up at the Kennedy Space Center
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你在甘迺迪太空中心醒來，
01:00
and you're going to go to space that day
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當天就要升上太空，
01:02
because you realize by the end of the day
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因為你了解在那一天的終了時，
01:04
you're either going to be floating
effortlessly, gloriously in space,
effortlessly, gloriously in space,
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你要不就是毫不費力
光榮地在太空中飄浮著，
光榮地在太空中飄浮著，
01:07
or you'll be dead.
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要不就是死了。
01:10
You go into, at the Kennedy Space Center,
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你在甘迺迪太空中心
01:14
the suit-up room,
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走進太空裝的著裝室，
01:16
the same room that our childhood heroes
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那也是我們童年時嚮往的英雄
01:20
got dressed in,
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著裝的地方，
01:21
that Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin got suited in
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尼爾·阿姆斯壯及伯茲·艾德林
在那裡穿上太空裝後，
在那裡穿上太空裝後，
01:24
to go ride the Apollo rocket to the moon.
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駕駛阿波羅號太空船奔向月球。
01:26
And I got my pressure suit built around me
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而我被加壓的太空裝包裹著，
01:30
and rode down outside in the van
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到外面乘坐廂型車
01:34
heading out to the launchpad --
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往發射台直奔
01:35
in the Astro van -- heading out to the launchpad,
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──在太空號廂型車內──
向發射台直奔，
向發射台直奔，
01:38
and as you come around the corner
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當你快到
甘迺迪太空中心的轉角處時，
01:40
at the Kennedy Space Center,
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通常是在黎明前，
01:42
it's normally predawn, and in the distance,
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遠處被巨大氙氣燈照亮著的
01:46
lit up by the huge xenon lights,
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01:49
is your spaceship --
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就是你的太空船──
01:52
the vehicle that is going to take you off the planet.
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那即將帶著你離開地球的飛行器。
01:56
The crew is sitting in the Astro van
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機組員坐在太空號車中，
01:59
sort of hushed, almost holding hands,
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一片靜默，幾乎是手牽著手，
02:01
looking at that as it gets bigger and bigger.
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看著那太空船變得愈來愈大。
02:03
We ride the elevator up
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我們搭電梯上去，
02:06
and we crawl in, on your hands and knees
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然後匍匐前進，
四肢著地爬入太空船，一次一個人，
02:08
into the spaceship, one at a time,
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02:10
and you worm your way up
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而你蠕行向上
02:11
into your chair and plunk yourself down
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爬進你的座位，砰的一聲
02:14
on your back.
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背靠著坐下。
02:16
And the hatch is closed,
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接著艙口關了，
02:20
and suddenly,
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突然間，
02:22
what has been a lifetime of both dreams and denial
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你一輩子的夢想及否定
02:27
is becoming real,
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就要成真，
02:28
something that I dreamed about,
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我夢想的這件事，
02:29
in fact, that I chose to do when I was nine years old,
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其實是在我九歲就選擇要做的事，
02:32
is now suddenly within not too many minutes
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現在突然在短短幾分鐘內
02:35
of actually happening.
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就要實現了。
02:37
In the astronaut business --
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在太空人這行──
02:40
the shuttle is a very complicated vehicle;
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太空梭是很複雜的飛行器，
02:42
it's the most complicated flying machine ever built.
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它是史上最複雜的飛行機器。
02:46
And in the astronaut business,
we have a saying, which is,
we have a saying, which is,
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在太空人這行
有句玩笑話是這麼說的，
有句玩笑話是這麼說的，
02:49
there is no problem so bad
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事情還沒壞到最高點，
02:51
that you can't make it worse.
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你還可以把它搞得更糟。
02:53
(Laughter)
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（笑聲）
02:55
And so you're very conscious in the cockpit;
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所以在座艙內你的意識非常清楚，
02:58
you're thinking about all of the things
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你心中想著各種
02:59
that you might have to do,
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你大概得做的事，
03:00
all the switches and all the
wickets you have to go through.
wickets you have to go through.
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所有的開關，所有要通過的關卡。
03:03
And as the time gets closer and closer,
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隨著時間愈來愈接近，
03:05
this excitement is building.
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興奮的情緒逐漸增加。
03:06
And then about three and a
half minutes before launch,
half minutes before launch,
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然後大約在發射前三分半鐘，
03:09
the huge nozzles on the back,
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背後那跟大型教堂鐘
一樣大的巨大噴嘴
一樣大的巨大噴嘴
03:10
like the size of big church bells,
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03:12
swing back and forth
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來回擺動著，
03:13
and the mass of them is such
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這一大團東西
03:15
that it sways the whole vehicle,
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搖晃著整個飛行器，
03:16
like the vehicle is alive underneath you,
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好像這個飛行器在你底下活起來，
03:19
like an elephant getting up
off its knees or something.
off its knees or something.
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就像跪著的大象站起來似的。
03:23
And then about 30 seconds before launch,
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然後發射前 30 秒
03:25
the vehicle is completely alive --
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飛行器完全活過來──
03:27
it is ready to go --
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準備好要起飛了──
03:28
the APUs are running,
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輔助動力系統正在運作，
03:29
the computers are all self-contained,
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電腦也很完備，
03:31
it's ready to leave the planet.
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準備好要離開地球。
03:33
And 15 seconds before launch, this happens:
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然後發射前 15 秒，這個情景出現：
03:36
(Video) Voice: 12, 11, 10,
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（影片）聲音：12、11、10、
03:40
nine, eight, seven, six --
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九、八、七、六──
03:44
(Space shuttle preparing for takeoff)
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（太空梭準備起飛）
03:47
-- start, two, one,
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──開始、二、一，
03:50
booster ignition, and liftoff of
the space shuttle Discovery,
the space shuttle Discovery,
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助推器點火，發現號太空梭升空，
03:54
returning to the space station, paving the way ...
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回到太空站，為未來鋪路。
03:58
(Space shuttle taking off)
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（太空梭起飛）
04:11
Chris Hadfield: It is incredibly powerful
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克：這真的很強，
能登上這東西。
04:13
to be on board one of these things.
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你在一件遠超過你能力所及的
04:15
You are in the grip of something
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04:17
that is vastly more powerful than yourself.
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東西的掌握之中，
04:19
It's shaking you so hard you can't focus
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它晃動得這麼厲害使你無法專注
04:22
on the instruments in front of you.
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在你面前的儀器上。
04:23
It's like you're in the jaws of some enormous dog
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就像一條碩大的狗對你張牙舞爪，
04:26
and there's a foot in the small of your back
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又有一隻腳正抵著你的後腰背，
04:29
pushing you into space,
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推著你上太空，
04:30
accelerating wildly straight up,
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瘋狂加速直線向上，
04:32
shouldering your way through the air,
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在空氣中推擠出一條路，
04:34
and you're in a very complex place --
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而你處在一個非常複雜的地方，
04:36
paying attention, watching the vehicle
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要專心、要看著飛行器，
04:38
go through each one of its wickets
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經過一道道關卡，
04:40
with a steadily increasing smile on your face.
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而你的臉上綻放的微笑愈來愈大。
04:42
After two minutes, those solid rockets explode off
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兩分鐘後，固態火箭助推器爆炸脫落，
04:46
and then you just have the liquid engines,
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所以你只剩液態引擎，
04:48
the hydrogen and oxygen,
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氫氣及氧氣，
04:49
and it's as if you're in a dragster
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就好像你在高速賽車中，
04:51
with your foot to the floor
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你的腳踩在車底，
04:53
and accelerating like you've never accelerated.
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然後以你從沒經歷過的高速加速，
04:55
You get lighter and lighter,
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你愈來愈輕，
04:56
the force gets on us heavier and heavier.
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但重力拉著我們卻愈來愈重。
04:59
It feels like
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這感覺就像
05:00
someone's pouring cement on you or something.
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有人在你身上倒水泥或什麼的。
05:02
Until finally,
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直到最後，
05:04
after about eight minutes and 40 seconds or so,
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大約八分 40 秒左右，
05:06
we are finally at exactly the right altitude,
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我們終於到達合適的高度，
05:08
exactly the right speed,
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到達合適的速度，
05:10
the right direction, the engine shut off,
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合適的方向，關掉引擎，
05:14
and we're weightless.
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我們變成失重狀態。
05:16
And we're alive.
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而且我們還活著。
05:19
It's an amazing experience.
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這是非常奇妙的經驗。
05:20
But why would we take that risk?
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但我們為什麼要冒這個風險？
05:23
Why would you do something that dangerous?
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你為什麼要做這麼危險的事？
05:27
In my case the answer is fairly straightforward.
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以我的情況，答案很直接明瞭。
05:29
I was inspired as a youngster
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我還是年輕小伙子時就被啟發，
05:32
that this was what I wanted to do.
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瞭解到這是我想要做的事。
05:34
I watched the first people walk on the moon
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我看著第一批在月球漫步的人，
05:36
and to me, it was just an obvious thing --
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對我而言這是很明顯的事，
05:38
I want to somehow turn myself into that.
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我想要把自己變成那樣。
05:41
But the real question is,
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但現實的問題是
05:42
how do you deal with the danger of it
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你要如何應付它的危險性
05:45
and the fear that comes from it?
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及它帶來的恐懼感？
05:47
How do you deal with fear versus danger?
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與危險比較，你要如何應付恐懼？
05:51
And having the goal in mind,
thinking about where it might lead,
thinking about where it might lead,
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在心裡有了那樣的目標，
想著這可能帶來什麼結果，
想著這可能帶來什麼結果，
05:54
directed me to a life of
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引領我過著一種生活
05:56
looking at all of the small details to allow
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是所有小細節都不肯放過，
05:59
this to become possible,
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只要能夢想成真、
06:01
to be able to launch and go
help build a space station
help build a space station
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能夠升空、幫助建造太空站的生活。
06:04
where you are on board a million-pound creation
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你登上那座一百萬磅重的作品，
06:06
that's going around the world at five miles a second,
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以每秒鐘五英里的速度環繞地球，
06:09
eight kilometers a second,
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每秒鐘八公里，
06:10
around the world 16 times a day,
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每天繞地球 16 次。
06:13
with experiments on board that are teaching us
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在上面做的實驗讓我們瞭解
06:17
what the substance of the universe is made of
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宇宙是由什麼物質組成，
06:19
and running 200 experiments inside.
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還要在裡頭做 200 個實驗。
06:22
But maybe even more importantly,
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但也許更重要的
06:23
allowing us to see the world in a way
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是讓我們以一種
其他方法都做不到的方式看世界，
06:27
that is impossible through any other means,
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06:30
to be able to look down
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就是可以俯瞰
06:31
and have -- if your jaw could drop, it would --
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——如果你的下巴掉得下來，
它真的就會掉下來——
它真的就會掉下來——
06:35
the jaw-dropping gorgeousness of the turning orb
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令人瞠目結舌華麗無比的轉動星球，
06:39
like a self-propelled art gallery of fantastic,
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就像一個會自轉的畫廊
掛滿了既奇幻
掛滿了既奇幻
06:43
constantly changing beauty that is the world itself.
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又不斷變化的美麗藝品，
即是這世界本身。
即是這世界本身。
06:47
And you see, because of the speed,
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而因為這樣的速度，
06:49
a sunrise or a sunset every 45 minutes
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每 45 分鐘你就會
看到一次日出或日落，
看到一次日出或日落，
06:52
for half a year.
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持續半年之久。
06:56
And the most magnificent part of all that
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而這行動最棒的部分
06:58
is to go outside on a spacewalk.
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就是去外面太空漫步。
07:01
You are in a one-person spaceship
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你在一艘單人太空船中，
07:06
that is your spacesuit,
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就是你的太空裝，
07:08
and you're going through space with the world.
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你與世界同步，一同穿過宇宙，
07:12
It's an entirely different perspective,
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這是全然不同的角度，
07:13
you're not looking up at the universe,
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你不是向上觀看宇宙，
07:15
you and the Earth are going
through the universe together.
through the universe together.
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你是與地球一同穿過宇宙。
07:18
And you're holding on with one hand,
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你以一隻手緊緊抓著，
07:20
looking at the world turn beside you.
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看著在你身旁轉動的世界，
07:22
It's roaring silently
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它無聲地呼嘯著，
07:26
with color and texture as it pours by
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傾瀉出各式各樣的顏色及質地
07:29
mesmerizingly next to you.
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在你旁邊，使你萬分著迷。
07:31
And if you can tear your eyes away from that
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如果你能將視線移開，
07:33
and you look under your arm
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去看看手臂底下
07:35
down at the rest of everything,
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其餘的一切，
07:37
it's unfathomable blackness,
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它是深不可測的黑暗，
07:42
with a texture you feel like you
could stick your hand into.
could stick your hand into.
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帶著一種質地，你覺得
好像能把你的手伸進去似的。
好像能把你的手伸進去似的。
07:45
and you are holding on with one hand,
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而你以一隻手緊緊抓住
07:48
one link to the other seven billion people.
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那與其他七十億人唯一的連結。
07:50
And I was outside on my first spacewalk
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我第一次在外面太空漫步時，
07:52
when my left eye went blind,
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我的左眼看不見了，
07:56
and I didn't know why.
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我不知道為什麼。
07:58
Suddenly my left eye slammed shut
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突然我的左眼緊閉，
08:00
in great pain
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痛得不得了，
08:01
and I couldn't figure out why my eye wasn't working.
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我搞不清楚為什麼眼睛看不到了。
08:05
I was thinking, what do I do next?
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那時我想，我該怎麼辦？
08:06
I thought, well maybe that's why we have two eyes,
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我想，說不定這就，是我們
有兩隻眼睛的原因，
有兩隻眼睛的原因，
08:08
so I kept working.
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所以我繼續工作。
08:10
But unfortunately, without gravity,
186
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3339
但不幸的是，在沒有重力下
08:13
tears don't fall.
187
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1930
眼淚不能掉落。
08:15
So you just get a bigger and
bigger ball of whatever that is
bigger ball of whatever that is
188
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所以就有一球愈來愈大，
不知道是什麼的東西
不知道是什麼的東西
08:18
mixed with your tears on your eye
189
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2008
混著你的眼淚，
08:20
until eventually, the ball becomes so big
190
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2478
直到最後，這顆球變得好大好大，
08:22
that the surface tension takes it
across the bridge of your nose
across the bridge of your nose
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表面張力帶著它越過鼻樑，
08:25
like a tiny little waterfall
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像個小瀑布似的，
08:27
and goes "goosh" into your other eye,
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然後嘩地流入你另一隻眼，
08:29
and now I was completely blind
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現在我完全看不見了，
08:32
outside the spaceship.
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就在太空船外面。
08:35
So what's the scariest thing you've ever done?
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所以你做過最恐怖的事情是什麼？
08:38
(Laughter)
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（笑聲）
08:42
Maybe it's spiders.
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也許是蜘蛛。
08:43
A lot of people are afraid of spiders.
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很多人很怕蜘蛛，
08:45
I think you should be afraid of spiders --
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我想你應該要怕蜘蛛，
08:46
spiders are creepy and they've got long, hairy legs,
201
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蜘蛛令人毛骨悚然，
而且牠們的腿又長又毛，
而且牠們的腿又長又毛，
08:49
and spiders like this one, the brown recluse --
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而且像這種蜘蛛，隱居褐蛛，
08:52
it's horrible. If a brown recluse bites you,
203
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好可怕！如果隱居褐蛛咬你一口，
08:55
you end with one of these
horrible, big necrotic things
horrible, big necrotic things
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最後會留下
很可怕的大塊壞死組織
很可怕的大塊壞死組織
08:56
on your leg
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在你的腿上，
08:57
and there might be one right now
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而現在說不定就有一隻
08:59
sitting on the chair behind you, in fact.
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其實在你後面的椅子上坐著。
09:02
And how do you know?
208
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1085
你怎麼會知道？
09:03
And so a spider lands on you,
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所以一隻蜘蛛落到你身上，
09:04
and you go through this great, spasmy attack
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而你經歷一場大痙攣似的攻擊，
09:06
because spiders are scary.
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因為蜘蛛很可怕。
09:08
But then you could say, well
is there a brown recluse
is there a brown recluse
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但你也可能這麼問，
喂，到底有沒有隱居褐蛛
喂，到底有沒有隱居褐蛛
09:10
sitting on the chair beside me or not?
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坐在我旁邊的椅子上？
09:12
I don't know. Are there brown recluses here?
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我不知道。有看到隱居褐蛛嗎？
09:14
So if you actually do the research, you find out that
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所以如果你真的做研究，你會發現
09:17
in the world there are about
50,000 different types of spiders,
50,000 different types of spiders,
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這世界有大約五萬種不同的蜘蛛，
09:20
and there are about two dozen that are venomous
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而在這五萬種中大約有
09:22
out of 50,000.
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兩打是有毒的。
09:24
And if you're in Canada, because of the cold winters
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如果你是加拿大人，因為冬天很冷，
09:26
here in B.C., there's about 720,
730 different types of spiders
730 different types of spiders
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在卑詩省這裡有大約 720、
730 種不同的蜘蛛，
730 種不同的蜘蛛，
09:30
and there's one -- one --
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1902
只有一種，一種
09:32
that is venomous,
222
560652
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是有毒的，
09:33
and its venom isn't even fatal,
223
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1706
而且這種毒還不會致命，
09:35
it's just kind of like a nasty sting.
224
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它只是個討厭的東西。
09:37
And that spider -- not only that,
225
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1925
而那種蜘蛛──不僅如此，
09:39
but that spider has beautiful markings on it,
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那種蜘蛛身上有很美的花紋
09:42
it's like "I'm dangerous. I got a big radiation
symbol on my back, it's the black widow."
symbol on my back, it's the black widow."
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570256
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好像在說「我很危險。我背後
有很大的輻射標誌，我是黑寡婦。」
有很大的輻射標誌，我是黑寡婦。」
09:46
So, if you're even slightly careful
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所以如果你稍微小心一點，
09:48
you can avoid running into the one spider --
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你就可以避免碰到這種蜘蛛。
09:51
and it lives close the ground,
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牠住的地方離地面很近，
09:53
you're walking along, you are
never going to go through
never going to go through
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你沿著路走，決不會穿越
09:55
a spider web where a black widow bites you.
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1850
上面有黑寡婦咬你的蜘蛛網下。
09:57
Spider webs like this, it doesn't build those,
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像這種的蜘蛛網不會那樣編，
09:59
it builds them down in the corners.
234
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1630
牠在地上的角落編蜘蛛網。
10:01
And its a black widow because
235
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1592
而這是隻黑寡婦，
因為雌蜘蛛會吃掉雄蜘蛛，
10:02
the female spider eats the male;
236
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1339
10:04
it doesn't care about you.
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牠一點也不在乎你。
10:06
So in fact,
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1465
所以其實
10:07
the next time you walk into a spiderweb,
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2299
下次你走路碰到蜘蛛網，
10:09
you don't need to panic and go
with your caveman reaction.
with your caveman reaction.
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不用驚慌使出你的原始人反應。
10:13
The danger is entirely different than the fear.
241
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危險完全不同於恐懼。
10:18
How do you get around it, though?
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但你要如何避免？
10:20
How do you change your behavior?
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1254
你要如何改變你的行為？
10:21
Well, next time you see a spiderweb,
244
609692
1484
嗯，下次你看到一張蜘蛛網
10:23
have a good look, make sure
it's not a black widow spider,
it's not a black widow spider,
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2214
要仔細看一下，確定那不是黑寡婦的網，
10:25
and then walk into it.
246
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1792
然後再穿過它。
10:27
And then you see another spiderweb
247
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1638
然後你又看到另一張蜘蛛網，
10:29
and walk into that one.
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1222
就直接穿過去。
10:30
It's just a little bit of fluffy stuff. It's not a big deal.
249
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2246
那只不過是一張毛毛的東西，
沒什麼了不起。
沒什麼了不起。
10:32
And the spider that may come out is
no more threat to you than a lady bug
no more threat to you than a lady bug
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620288
3516
而從上面爬出來的蜘蛛
對你的威脅也不會比
對你的威脅也不會比
10:36
or a butterfly.
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2868
一隻瓢蟲或蝴蝶還大。
10:38
And then I guarantee you if you
walk through 100 spiderwebs
walk through 100 spiderwebs
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2928
然後我向你保證，
在你穿越 100 張蜘蛛網後，
在你穿越 100 張蜘蛛網後，
10:41
you will have changed
253
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1588
你將會改變
10:43
your fundamental human behavior,
254
631188
2555
你最基本的人類行為，
10:45
your caveman reaction,
255
633743
1505
你的原始人反應，
10:47
and you will now be able to walk
in the park in the morning
in the park in the morning
256
635248
2827
你就能一早走進公園，
10:50
and not worry about that spiderweb --
257
638075
1789
一點都不擔心那些蜘蛛網，
10:52
or into your grandma's attic or whatever,
258
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2460
或走進你祖母的閣樓、
10:54
into your own basement.
259
642324
5085
你自己的地下室等等。
10:59
And you can apply this to anything.
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3511
你可以把這想法應用在各種情況。
11:03
If you're outside on a spacewalk and you're blinded,
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2815
如果你在外面太空漫步，
然後看不見了，
然後看不見了，
11:05
your natural reaction would be to panic, I think.
262
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2624
我想你自然的反應會是驚慌。
11:08
It would make you nervous and worried.
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2060
它讓你緊張擔心。
11:10
But we had considered all the venom,
264
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2488
但我們已經考量過所有的毒液，
11:13
and we had practiced with a whole
variety of different spiderwebs.
variety of different spiderwebs.
265
660907
2881
我們也對各式蜘蛛網做過練習，
11:15
We knew everything there is to know
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1734
我們也充分了解
所有關於太空裝的事，
所有關於太空裝的事，
11:17
about the spacesuit
267
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1458
11:19
and we trained underwater thousands of times.
268
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2513
我們也在水面下訓練過幾千次了。
11:21
And we don't just practice things going right,
269
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1731
我們不只練習正常的事，
11:23
we practice things going wrong all the time,
270
671224
2824
我們也一直在練習不正常的事。
11:26
so that you are constantly walking
through those spiderwebs.
through those spiderwebs.
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3264
所以你不斷地穿過蜘蛛網，
11:29
And not just underwater, but
also in virtual reality labs
also in virtual reality labs
272
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3077
不只是在水面下，
還在虛擬實境實驗室裡
還在虛擬實境實驗室裡
11:32
with the helmet and the gloves
273
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1391
戴著頭盔手套，
11:33
so you feel like it's realistic.
274
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1407
讓你覺得很真實。
11:35
So when you finally actually
get outside on a spacewalk,
get outside on a spacewalk,
275
683187
3328
所以當你最後真的到外面太空漫步，
11:38
it feels much different than it would
276
686515
1962
它會跟你原本第一次到外面時
會有的感覺
會有的感覺
11:40
if you just went out first time.
277
688477
1838
大不相同。
11:42
And even if you're blinded,
278
690315
1761
即使你看不見了，
11:44
your natural, panicky reaction doesn't happen.
279
692076
3646
你本能的驚慌反應也不會發生。
11:47
Instead you kind of look around and go,
280
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1359
你反而會看看四周，
11:49
"Okay, I can't see,
281
697081
1652
「好吧，我看不到了。」
11:50
but I can hear, I can talk,
282
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2422
「但我還聽得到，可以說話。」
11:53
Scott Parazynski is out here with me.
283
701155
1729
「斯科特·帕拉茲斯基
也跟我一起在外面。」
也跟我一起在外面。」
11:55
He could come over and help me."
284
702884
1431
「他可以過來幫我。」
11:56
We actually practiced incapacitated crew rescue,
285
704315
3914
我們真的練習過無行為能力組員救援，
12:00
so he could float me like a blimp
286
708229
1791
所以他可以幫助我像飛艇一樣飄浮，
12:02
and stuff me into the airlock if he had to.
287
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2175
如果有必要還可以把我塞進氣密艙中。
12:04
I could find my own way back.
288
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2200
我也能自己找到方法回去。
12:06
It's not nearly as big a deal.
289
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1370
這根本不算什麼大不了的事。
12:07
And actually, if you keep on crying for a while,
290
715765
2022
而且實際上如果你再哭一陣子，
12:09
whatever that gunk was that's
in your eye starts to dilute
in your eye starts to dilute
291
717787
2395
無論你眼裡那團黏糊糊的是什麼，
都會開始稀釋，
都會開始稀釋，
12:12
and you can start to see again,
292
720182
1520
你就又看得見了。
12:13
and Houston, if you negotiate with them,
293
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2067
如果你想跟休士頓指揮中心談判，
12:15
they will let you then keep working.
294
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2997
他們只會叫你繼續工作。
12:18
We finished everything on the spacewalk
295
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2059
那次太空漫步我們完成了每一件事。
12:21
and when we came back inside,
296
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1597
我們回到裡面的時候，
12:22
Jeff got some cotton batting and took
the crusty stuff around my eyes,
the crusty stuff around my eyes,
297
730422
3723
傑夫拿了幾個棉球
擦掉我眼旁硬硬的東西，
擦掉我眼旁硬硬的東西，
12:26
and it turned out it was just the anti-fog,
298
734145
2452
結果發現那只不過是防霧劑，
12:28
sort of a mixture of oil and soap, that got in my eye.
299
736597
3447
一種油及肥皂的混合物
跑到我的眼睛裡。
跑到我的眼睛裡。
12:32
And now we use Johnson's No More Tears,
300
740044
3548
所以現在我們用不流淚配方的
嬌生嬰兒洗髮精，
嬌生嬰兒洗髮精，
12:35
which we probably should've been using
301
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1315
或許我們早該
12:37
right from the very beginning. (Laughter)
302
744907
3636
從一開始就用那種。（笑聲）
12:40
But the key to that is
303
748543
4946
但重點是，
12:45
by looking at the difference
304
753489
1555
透過了解
12:47
between perceived danger and actual danger,
305
755044
1995
自覺危險及確實危險的差別，
12:49
where is the real risk?
306
757039
1367
哪裡真的有風險？
12:50
What is the real thing that you should be afraid of?
307
758406
2054
什麼是你真的應該怕的東西？
12:52
Not just a generic fear of bad things happening.
308
760460
2768
而不是杞人憂天的泛泛恐懼。
12:55
You can fundamentally change
your reaction to things
your reaction to things
309
763228
2367
你可以徹底改變你對事物的反應，
12:57
so that it allows you to go places
310
765595
2937
所以這使你能去一些地方、
13:00
and see things and do things
311
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1637
看一些東西、做一些事，
13:02
that otherwise would be completely denied to you ...
312
770169
2496
那些你本來以為徹底無望的事。
13:04
where you could see the
hardpan south of the Sahara,
hardpan south of the Sahara,
313
772665
3347
在那裡你能看到南撒哈拉的沙礫，
13:08
or you can see New York City
314
776012
1952
或是紐約市，
13:10
in a way that is almost dreamlike,
315
777964
2099
你看到的樣子好像夢幻一般，
13:12
or the unconscious gingham
of Eastern Europe fields
of Eastern Europe fields
316
780063
4523
或是不為人知的東歐方格田野，
13:16
or the Great Lakes
317
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2131
或是五大湖，
13:18
as a collection of small puddles.
318
786717
2741
看起來就像聚在一起的幾灘小水窪。
13:21
You can see the fault lines of San Francisco
319
789473
3230
你能看到舊金山的斷層帶，
13:24
and the way the water pours out under the bridge,
320
792703
1898
還有橋下的水傾瀉而出，
13:26
just entirely different
321
794601
1732
你所看到的是如此截然不同，
13:28
than any other way that you could have
322
796333
1669
是你以前沒有辦法克服恐懼時
13:30
if you had not found a way to conquer your fear.
323
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3283
用盡方法也看不到的。
13:33
You see a beauty that otherwise
324
801285
2439
你見到的美
13:35
never would have happened.
325
803724
2477
是你以前絕對看不到的。
13:39
It's time to come home at the end.
326
807694
1754
最後該回家了。
13:41
This is our spaceship,
327
809448
1319
這是我們的太空船，
13:42
the Soyuz, that little one.
328
810767
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聯盟號，小的那個。
13:44
Three of us climb in,
329
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1465
我們三個爬進去，
13:45
and then this spaceship detaches from the station
330
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然後這艘太空船與太空站分離，
13:47
and falls into the atmosphere.
331
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掉進大氣層。
13:49
These two parts here
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這邊的兩個部分
13:51
actually melt, we jettison them and they burn up
333
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2164
其實會熔掉，我們拋掉它們，
13:53
in the atmosphere.
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它們會在大氣層燒掉。
13:54
The only part that survives is the little bullet
335
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留下來的部分
只有這個小子彈船艙，
只有這個小子彈船艙，
13:56
that we're riding in,
336
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1176
我們乘坐在裡面，
13:57
and it falls into the atmosphere,
337
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2038
它掉進大氣層。
13:59
and in essence
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1576
基本上，
14:01
you are riding a meteorite home,
339
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3561
你是乘著隕石回家，
14:05
and riding meteorites is scary,
340
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2933
乘著隕石是很恐怖的，
14:08
and it ought to be.
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1513
它本當如此。
14:09
But instead of riding into the atmosphere
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2239
但與其尖叫著乘著隕石
14:11
just screaming, like you would
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1238
進入大氣層，
就像你突然發現你是坐在一顆隕石上
14:13
if suddenly you found yourself riding a meteorite
344
840856
2345
14:15
back to Earth -- (Laughter) --
345
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回到地球，
──（笑聲）──
──（笑聲）──
14:18
instead, 20 years previously
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2424
與其這樣，在 20 年前
14:20
we had started studying Russian,
347
848555
2616
我們就開始學俄語，
14:23
and then once you learn Russian, then we
348
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2580
一旦你學會了俄語，
14:25
learned orbital mechanics in Russian,
349
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2514
我們就開始以俄語學太空動力學，
14:28
and then we learned vehicle control theory,
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2970
然後我們又學飛行器控制理論，
14:31
and then we got into the simulator
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1469
然後我們進入模擬器，
14:32
and practiced over and over and over again.
352
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2572
一遍又一遍地練習。
14:35
And in fact, you can fly this meteorite
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2010
事實上，你的確可以駕著這顆隕石飛，
14:37
and steer it and land in about a 15-kilometer circle
354
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2209
操縱它降落在直徑 15 公里的圓內「
14:39
anywhere on the Earth.
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1424
在地球上的任何地方。
14:41
So in fact, when our crew was coming back
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2925
所以當我們機組員坐在聯合號，
14:44
into the atmosphere inside the Soyuz,
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2560
要回到大氣層時，
14:46
we weren't screaming, we were laughing;
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874404
2376
我們沒有尖叫，我們反而在笑，
14:48
it was fun.
359
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1068
好好玩。
14:50
And when the great big parachute opened,
360
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1928
當那個很大的降落傘打開的時候，
14:51
we knew that if it didn't open
361
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1219
我們知道如果它沒打開
14:53
there's a second parachute,
362
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1215
還有第二個降落傘，
14:54
and it runs on a nice little clockwork mechanism.
363
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2181
它靠一個精細的小發條機制運作。
14:56
So we came back, we came thundering back
364
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2382
所以我們回來，我們呼嘯著
14:58
to Earth and this is what it looked like
365
886773
1886
回到地球，而這就是
15:00
to land in a Soyuz, in Kazakhstan.
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888659
2600
我們乘聯合號降落在哈薩克的樣子。
15:03
(Video) Reporter: And you can see one of those
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2023
（影片）記者：你能看見其中一架
15:05
search and recovery helicopters, once again
368
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2716
搜救直升機，再說一次，
15:08
that helicopter part of dozen such Russian
369
895998
3011
那架直升機是俄羅斯
15:11
Mi-8 helicopters.
370
899009
4628
Mi-8 河馬直升機機隊之一。
15:15
Touchdown -- 3:14 and 48 seconds,
371
903637
3909
著陸── 3 點 14 分 48 秒，
15:19
a.m. Central Time.
372
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1475
中部時間清晨。
15:21
CH: And you roll to a stop
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1171
克：你滾了幾次才停，
15:22
as if someone threw your
spaceship at the ground
spaceship at the ground
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1669
就像有人把你的太空船丟到地上，
15:24
and it tumbles end over end,
375
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1382
它從這端滾到那端，
15:25
but you're ready for it
376
913243
1006
但你是準備好的，
15:26
you're in a custom-built seat,
377
914249
1376
你坐在特製的椅子上，
15:27
you know how the shock absorber works.
378
915625
1437
你知道避震器怎麼運作，
15:29
And then eventually the Russians reach in,
379
917062
1991
最後俄國人終於找到你，
15:31
drag you out,
380
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1158
把你拉出來，
15:32
plunk you into a chair,
381
920211
1700
使勁把你塞進一張椅子上，
15:34
and you can now look back at
382
921911
3443
現在你可以回頭看看
15:37
what was an incredible experience.
383
925354
3182
過去那不可思議的經驗。
15:40
You have taken the dreams of that
384
928536
1967
你已經把那個
15:42
nine-year-old boy,
385
930503
1612
九歲小男孩的夢想，
15:44
which were impossible
386
932115
1639
本來不可能實現，
15:45
and dauntingly scary,
387
933754
2890
而且還很嚇人、
15:48
dauntingly terrifying,
388
936644
1700
很恐怖的夢想，
15:50
and put them into practice,
389
938344
2724
現在卻實現了，
15:53
and figured out a way to reprogram yourself,
390
941068
3233
也搞清楚方法重新改造自己，
15:56
to change your primal fear
391
944301
2128
改變你的原始恐懼，
15:58
so that it allowed you to come back
392
946429
2899
讓你能活著回來，
16:01
with a set of experiences and a level of inspiration
393
949328
3940
帶著豐富的經驗及啟示
16:05
for other people
394
953268
1343
傳授給別人，
16:06
that never could have been possible otherwise.
395
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3126
那是以前完全不可能發生的事。
16:11
Just to finish, they asked me to play that guitar.
396
959120
6227
他們要求我彈那把吉他來結尾。
16:17
I know this song,
397
965347
2260
我知道這首歌。
16:19
and it's really a tribute to the genius
398
967607
5220
這其實是要獻給天才
16:25
of David Bowie himself,
399
972827
2033
大衛·鮑伊他自己，
16:27
but it's also, I think,
400
974860
1913
但我想，這同時
16:28
a reflection of the fact that we are not machines
401
976773
2438
也反映一項事實，就是我們不是
在宇宙中探險的機器，
16:31
exploring the universe,
402
979211
1333
16:32
we are people,
403
980544
1113
我們是人，
16:33
and we're taking
404
981657
2164
而且我們帶著
16:36
that ability to adapt
405
983821
2176
適應的能力
16:38
and that ability to understand
406
985997
1530
及了解的能力，
16:39
and the ability to take
407
987527
1976
還有能力帶著
16:41
our own self-perception into a new place.
408
989503
4359
我們自己的自我認知到新的境界。
16:46
(Music)
409
994369
5730
（音樂）
16:52
♫ This is Major Tom to ground control ♫
410
1000099
4673
♫ 湯姆少校呼叫地面控制中心 ♫
16:56
♫ I've left forevermore ♫
411
1004772
5059
♫ 我永遠離開了 ♫
17:02
♫ And I'm floating in a most peculiar way ♫
412
1009831
6807
♫ 我以最奇特的方式飄浮著 ♫
17:08
♫ And the stars look very different today ♫
413
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7105
♫ 今天星星看起來非常不一樣 ♫
17:15
♫ For here am I floating in the tin can ♫
414
1023743
7454
♫ 我在這小艇裡飄浮著 ♫
17:23
♫ A last glimpse of the world ♫
415
1031197
6830
♫ 對這世界最後一瞥 ♫
17:30
♫ Planet Earth is blue and
there's so much left to do ♫
there's so much left to do ♫
416
1038027
7178
♫ 地球湛藍，還要好多事要做 ♫
17:38
(Music)
417
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18963
（音樂）
17:56
Fear not.
418
1064783
1526
不要懼怕
17:58
(Applause)
419
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13243
（掌聲）
18:11
That's very nice of you. Thank you very much.
420
1079552
3186
你們真好，非常感謝。
18:14
Thank you.
421
1082738
2167
謝謝。
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Chris Hadfield - AstronautTweeting (and covering Bowie) from the International Space Station last year, Colonel Chris Hadfield reminded the world how much we love space.
Why you should listen
“Good morning, Earth.” That is how Colonel Chris Hadfield, writing on Twitter, woke up the world every day while living aboard the International Space Station. In his five months on the ISS (including three as commander) Hadfield became a worldwide sensation, using social media to make outer space accessible and infusing a sense of wonder into the collective consciousness. Check out his cover version of David Bowie's "Space Oddity," sung while floating in his tin can, far above the world ...
Now back on our home planet, he continues to share the excitement of science and space travel. He's the author of the 2014 book An Astronaut's Guide to Life on Earth. As he says, "There are no wishy-washy astronauts. You don't get up there by being uncaring and blasé. And whatever gave you the sense of tenacity and purpose to get that far in life is absolutely reaffirmed and deepened by the experience itself." A photography geek, in 2014 he also published an album of his photos from the shuttle: You Are Here: Around the World in 92 Minutes.
Hadfield is also a font of Canadian firsts: He was Canada’s first shuttle mission specialist, and the first Canadian to board a Russian spacecraft (he helped build the Mir), do a spacewalk (he's done two), and of course, to command the International Space Station.
Chris Hadfield | Speaker | TED.com