ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Jeremy Heimans - Activist
At Purpose, Jeremy Heimans strategizes how to harness new social, economic and technological models to build movements with impact.

Why you should listen

Jeremy Heimans has been building movements since childhood, when he ran precocious fax campaigns on issues such as environmental conservation and third world debt in his native Australia. A former McKinsey strategy consultant, he has co-founded several online campaign groups and citizen activism initiatives, including GetUp (an Australian political movement with more members than Australia's political parties combined), Avaaz (an online political movement with more than 40 million members) and AllOut (a global movement for LGBT people and their straight friends and family). 

Now based in New York, Heimans is co-founder and CEO of Purpose, a social business that builds movements and ventures that he says, “uses the power of participation to bring change in the world.” He and colleague Henry Timms, executive director of 92nd Street Y, a cultural and community center in New York, and founder of #GivingTuesday, are set to publish an essay in November 2014 examining new forms of power and their meaning. As Heimans puts it, “Old power downloads and commands; new power uploads and shares.”

The World Economic Forum at Davos named Heimans a Young Global Leader and in 2011 he was awarded the Ford Foundation's 75th Anniversary Visionary Award. In 2012, Fast Company named him one of the Most Creative People in Business, and in 2014, CNN picked his concept of "new power" as one of 10 ideas to change the world

More profile about the speaker
Jeremy Heimans | Speaker | TED.com
TEDSalon Berlin 2014

Jeremy Heimans: What new power looks like

杰里米•黑曼斯: 什么是新势力|杰里米•黑曼斯| TEDSalon Berlin 2014

Filmed:
1,494,882 views

我们每天都能看到分配和众包的商业模式——Uber、Kickstarter、Airbnb。但线上行动主义者杰里米•黑曼斯问到:这种「新势力」什么时候会在政治中发挥影响力?他给出令人惊奇的答案:会比你想象的来得早。这是一个对未来政治和势力的大胆论断,你相信吗?看过演讲即见分晓。
- Activist
At Purpose, Jeremy Heimans strategizes how to harness new social, economic and technological models to build movements with impact. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:12
So this is Anna安娜 HazareHazare,
0
117
3652
这是安纳•哈扎尔,
00:15
and Anna安娜 HazareHazare may可能 well be
the most cutting-edge前沿
1
3769
3908
哈扎尔或许是当今世界上走在最前沿的
00:19
digital数字 activist活动家 in the world世界 today今天.
2
7677
3237
线上行动主义者。
00:22
And you wouldn't不会 know it by looking at him.
3
10914
1538
从外表是看不出来的。
00:24
HazareHazare is a 77-year-old-岁 Indian印度人
anticorruption反腐败 and social社会 justice正义 activist活动家.
4
12452
5647
印度人哈扎尔现已77岁,
是致力于反腐和司法公正的积极分子。
00:30
And in 2011, he was running赛跑 a big campaign运动
5
18099
3591
在2011年,他发动了一场宏大的运动,
00:33
to address地址 everyday每天 corruption腐败 in India印度,
6
21690
2960
挑战印度的日常腐败作风,
00:36
a topic话题 that Indian印度人 elites精英 love to ignore忽视.
7
24650
2871
这是印度精英阶层长期有意忽视的问题。
00:39
So as part部分 of this campaign运动,
8
27521
1582
作为这场运动的一部分,
00:41
he was using运用 all of the traditional传统 tactics策略
9
29103
1922
他采取了任何一位甘地式运动组织者
00:43
that a good Gandhian甘地 organizer组织者 would use.
10
31025
2216
都会运用的策略,
00:45
So he was on a hunger饥饿 strike罢工,
11
33241
2056
即进行绝食抗议,
00:47
and HazareHazare realized实现 through通过 his hunger饥饿
12
35297
2525
绝食经历让哈扎尔意识到,
00:49
that actually其实 maybe this time,
13
37822
1777
在二十一世纪的今天,
00:51
in the 21stST century世纪,
14
39599
1746
绝食抗议
00:53
a hunger饥饿 strike罢工 wouldn't不会 be enough足够.
15
41345
1489
或许无法实现全部的目的。
00:54
So he started开始 playing播放 around
with mobile移动 activism行动.
16
42834
4292
他进而尝试借助手机开展运动。
他做的第一件事是号召民众,
00:59
So the first thing he did
is he said to people,
17
47126
1887
01:01
"Okay, why don't you send发送 me
18
49013
2071
「如果你们支持我的反腐运动,
01:03
a text文本 message信息 if you support支持
19
51084
1761
为什么不发给我
01:04
my campaign运动 against反对 corruption腐败?"
20
52845
1740
一条短信呢?」
01:06
So he does this, he
gives people a short code,
21
54585
2269
因此他这样做了,他给人们一个短码,
01:08
and about 80,000 people do it.
22
56854
2616
大约有8万人响应号召。
01:11
Okay, that's pretty漂亮 respectable可敬.
23
59470
1968
这的确令人敬畏。
01:13
But then he decides决定,
24
61438
937
他因而决定,
01:14
"Let me tweak my tactics策略 a little bit."
25
62375
2120
「我要更进一步。」
01:16
He says, "Why don't you leave离开
me a missed错过 call?"
26
64495
4475
他鼓动民众,
「你们为何不给我留一个未接来电呢?」
01:20
Now, for those of you who have
lived生活 in the global全球 South,
27
68970
3069
如果你生活在南半球,
01:24
you'll你会 know that missed错过 calls电话
28
72039
1492
那就会知道未接来电
01:25
are a really critical危急 part部分
of global全球 mobile移动 culture文化.
29
73531
3843
已成为世界手机文化的重要组成部分,
01:29
I see people nodding点头.
30
77374
1114
我看到有人点头了。
01:30
People leave离开 missed错过 calls电话 all the time:
31
78488
2108
人们时时刻刻都在利用未接来电:
01:32
If you're running赛跑 late晚了 for a meeting会议
32
80596
1946
如果你要参加一场会议,
眼看着就要迟到了,
01:34
and you just want to let them
know that you're on the way,
33
82542
2306
想让他们知道你在路上,
01:36
you leave离开 them a missed错过 call.
34
84848
1723
给他们一个未接来电就好了。
01:38
If you're dating约会 someone有人 and
you just want to say "I miss小姐 you"
35
86571
1926
如果你在跟某人谈恋爱,
想表达一下思念之情,
01:40
you leave离开 them a missed错过 call.
36
88497
1386
震他(她)手机一下就好了。
01:41
So a note注意 for a dating约会 tip小费 here,
37
89883
2544
在某些文化中,
这是个约会小技巧,
01:44
in some cultures文化,
38
92427
1125
如果你想取悦另一半,
01:45
if you want to please your lover情人,
39
93552
1282
01:46
you call them and hang up.
(Laughter笑声)
40
94834
4501
拨通号码,立即挂掉。
(笑声)
01:51
So why do people leave离开 missed错过 calls电话?
41
99335
3355
话说回来,人们为什么会利用未接来电?
01:54
Well, the reason原因 of course课程 is that
42
102690
1450
原因当然是
01:56
they're trying to avoid避免 charges收费
43
104140
2758
省去打电话或发短信的费用。
01:58
associated相关 with making制造 calls电话
and sending发出 texts文本.
44
106898
3366
因此,
02:02
So when HazareHazare asked people
to leave离开 him a missed错过 call,
45
110264
4056
当哈扎尔号召民众为他留一个未接来电时
02:06
let's have a little guess猜测 how
many许多 people actually其实 did this?
46
114320
5677
我们猜一下,有多少人响应号召?
02:11
Thirty-five三十五 million百万.
47
119997
3418
三千五百万人
02:15
So this is one of the largest最大 coordinated协调
actions行动 in human人的 history历史.
48
123415
4043
这是人类历史上参与人数最多的运动之一。
02:19
It's remarkable卓越.
49
127458
1754
很了不起。
02:21
And this reflects反映 the extraordinary非凡 strength强度
of the emerging新兴 Indian印度人 middle中间 class
50
129212
4500
蓬勃发展的印度中产阶级由此
展现了其无比雄厚的实力,
02:25
and the power功率 that their
mobile移动 phones手机 bring带来.
51
133712
2972
也展现了利用手机所能积聚的力量。
02:28
But he used that,
52
136684
1585
哈扎尔采用这种方法,
02:30
HazareHazare ended结束 up with this massive大规模的
CSVCSV file文件 of mobile移动 phone电话 numbers数字,
53
138269
4219
最终得到了存储大量
电话号码的CSV文件。
02:34
and he used that to deploy部署
54
142488
1785
他利用这个方法,
02:36
real真实 people power功率 on the ground地面
55
144273
1996
汇聚众人的力量,
02:38
to get hundreds数以百计 of thousands数千 of
people out on the streets街道 in Delhi新德里
56
146269
3414
成千上万的民众走向新德里街头,
02:41
to make a national国民 point of
everyday每天 corruption腐败 in India印度.
57
149683
4350
举国上下因此对日常腐败恶习投以关注。
02:46
It's a really striking引人注目 story故事.
58
154033
2437
这真是个振奋人心的故事。
02:48
So this is me when I was 12 years年份 old.
59
156470
2210
这是12岁的我,
02:50
I hope希望 you see the resemblance相似.
60
158680
1712
希望你们能看出些相似之处。
02:52
And I was also an activist活动家,
61
160392
1925
我也是个行动主义者,
02:54
and I have been an activist活动家 all my life.
62
162317
2240
从小到大,这一点未曾改变过。
02:56
I had this really funny滑稽 childhood童年
63
164557
1330
我的童年过得相当有趣,
02:57
where I traipsed奔波 around the world世界
64
165887
2023
周游各国,
02:59
meeting会议 world世界 leaders领导者 and
Noble高贵 prize winners获奖者,
65
167910
2794
与全球领导者和诺贝尔奖获得者
03:02
talking about Third第三 World世界 debt债务,
66
170704
2286
当面讨论第三世界债务问题,
03:04
as it was then called,
67
172990
1289
后来这个问题演变为
03:06
and demilitarization废除军备.
68
174279
1534
非军事化问题。
03:07
I was a very, very serious严重 child儿童.
(Laughter笑声)
69
175813
4232
自小我就忧国忧民。
(笑声)
03:12
And back then,
70
180045
1905
后来,
03:13
in the early '90s,
71
181950
1434
在90年代初期,
03:15
I had a very cutting-edge前沿
tech高科技 tool工具 of my own拥有:
72
183384
3830
我拥有了最先进的武器,
03:19
the fax传真.
73
187214
2252
传真。
03:21
And the fax传真 was the
tool工具 of my activism行动.
74
189466
2178
传真是我践行行动主义的工具。
03:23
And at that time, it was the best最好 way
75
191644
1558
那时,
03:25
to get a message信息 to a lot of people
76
193202
1895
一次性将信息传达给众人
03:27
all at once一旦.
77
195097
2438
传真无疑是最好的办法。
我给你们举个例子吧
03:29
I'll give you one example of a fax传真
campaign运动 that I ran.
78
197535
2446
03:31
It was the eve前夕 of the Gulf海湾 War战争
79
199981
2096
在海湾战争前夕,
03:34
and I organized有组织的 a global全球 campaign运动
to flood洪水 the hotel旅馆,
80
202077
3551
我组织了一起运动,
号召民众「淹没」,
03:37
the Intercontinental洲际 in Geneva日内瓦,
81
205628
1481
日内瓦的洲际酒店,
03:39
where James詹姆士 Baker面包师傅 and Tariq塔里克 Aziz阿齐兹
82
207109
1555
詹姆斯•贝克与塔里克•阿齐兹
03:40
were meeting会议 on the eve前夕 of the war战争,
83
208664
1924
将于战前在此会晤,
03:42
and I thought if I could
flood洪水 them with faxes传真,
84
210588
2384
我当时想,如果我能用传真号召民众,
「淹没酒店」,
03:44
we'll stop the war战争.
85
212972
1078
就能阻止这场战争了
03:46
Well, unsurprisingly勿庸置疑,
86
214050
2193
然而,不出所料,
03:48
that campaign运动 was wholly unsuccessful不成功.
87
216243
3591
这场运动彻彻底底地失败了。
03:51
There are lots of reasons原因 for that,
88
219834
1654
失败的原因很多,
03:53
but there's no doubt怀疑 that
one sputtering溅射 fax传真 machine
89
221488
2485
但毫无疑问的是,
03:55
in Geneva日内瓦 was a little bit
of a bandwidth带宽 constraint约束
90
223973
3327
当时在日内瓦,
传真机受宽带限制,
03:59
in terms条款 of the ability能力 to
get a message信息 to lots of people.
91
227300
2842
无法有效地将信息传递给大量民众。
04:02
And so, I went on to
discover发现 some better tools工具.
92
230142
4030
因此,我开始寻找更好的工具。
04:06
I cofounded共同创立 AvaazAvaaz, which哪一个 uses使用 the
Internet互联网 to mobilize动员 people
93
234172
2642
其后我与他人共同成立了Avaaz,
利用互联网来号召民众,
04:08
and now has almost几乎
40 million百万 members会员,
94
236814
2598
目前约有4千万名成员,
04:11
and I now run Purpose目的, which哪一个
is a home for these kinds of
95
239412
2560
如今我在运营Purpose,
Purpose孕育了那些借助技术力量的运动。
04:13
technology-powered技术驱动 movements运动.
96
241972
2296
04:16
So what's the moral道德 of this story故事?
97
244268
1820
这个故事的寓意是什么?
04:18
Is the moral道德 of this story故事,
98
246088
1508
我讲这个故事是为了说明
04:19
you know what, the fax传真 is kind of
eclipsed黯然失色 by the mobile移动 phone电话?
99
247596
5109
传真逐步被手机取代这一事实吗?
04:24
This is another另一个 story故事 of
tech-determinism技术决定论?
100
252705
2230
又是一个技术决定论的故事吗?
04:26
Well, I would argue争论 that there's
actually其实 more to it than that.
101
254935
3190
我想说,其寓意远不止于此。
04:30
I'd argue争论 that in the last 20 years年份,
102
258125
2673
我敢断言,在过去的20年里,
04:32
something more fundamental基本的 has changed
103
260798
2238
一些事情发生了根本性的改变,
04:35
than just new tech高科技.
104
263036
1705
而不仅是新技术。
04:36
I would argue争论 that there has
been a fundamental基本的 shift转移
105
264741
2820
我敢断言,
04:39
in the balance平衡 of power功率
106
267561
2148
势力的平衡点在世界范围内
从根本上发生了转变。
04:41
in the world世界.
107
269709
1519
04:43
You ask any activist活动家 how
to understand理解 the world世界,
108
271228
1917
你问任何一位行动主义者,
如何看清世界的局势?
04:45
and they'll他们会 say,
"Look at where the power功率 is,
109
273145
2474
他会说,
「看看势力集中在何处,
04:47
who has it, how it's shifting."
110
275619
2458
谁拥有势力,势力如何转移。」
04:50
And I think we all sense that
something big is happening事件.
111
278077
3002
我认为,我们都能感觉到,
世界在发生某种巨大的改变。
04:53
So Henry亨利 Timms蒂姆斯 and I —
112
281079
2444
因此,某一天,在亨利•蒂姆斯
04:55
Henry's亨利 a fellow同伴 movement运动 builder建设者
113
283523
1848
——我开展运动的一位同伴——
04:57
got talking one day and
we started开始 to think,
114
285371
1902
与我聊天的时候,
我们想到,
04:59
how can we make sense of this new world世界?
115
287273
2001
如何理解这个新世界?
如何描述这个世界?
05:01
How can we describe描述 it and give
116
289274
1189
05:02
it a framework骨架 that makes品牌 it more useful有用?
117
290463
2443
新世界的格局是什么?
如何在这个格局下有所作为?
05:04
Because we realized实现 that many许多
118
292906
1230
因为我们意识到,
05:06
of the lessons教训 that we were
discovering发现 in movements运动
119
294136
2814
我们在运动中习得的经验教训,
05:08
actually其实 applied应用的 all over the world世界
120
296950
2707
适用于全世界范围内的
05:11
in many许多 sectors行业 of our society社会.
121
299657
2122
社会的方方面面。
05:13
So I want to introduce介绍 you to
this framework骨架:
122
301779
1877
因此我想向你们介绍这个格局:
05:15
Old power功率, meet遇到 new power功率.
123
303656
2220
新旧势力的相遇。
05:17
And I want to talk to you about
what new power功率 is today今天.
124
305876
3431
我想跟你们谈谈如今的新兴势力。
05:21
New power功率 is the deployment部署
125
309307
1964
新势力的发展基于
05:23
of mass participation参与
and peer窥视 coordination协调
126
311271
3189
大众参与和对等协调
05:26
these are the two key elements分子
127
314460
1642
这两个关键因素,
05:28
to create创建 change更改 and shift转移 outcomes结果.
128
316102
2497
新势力促进变革,影响结果的走向。
05:30
And we see new power功率 all around us.
129
318599
3088
新势力无处不在。
05:33
This is BeppeBeppe Grillo格里洛
130
321687
1284
这是贝佩•格里洛,
05:34
he was a populist民粹主义 Italian意大利 blogger博客
131
322971
2145
一位意大利博主,宣扬平民主义,
05:37
who, with a minimal最小 political政治 apparatus仪器
and only some online线上 tools工具,
132
325116
3420
他只有最有限的政治工具,
却凭借网络手段,
05:40
won韩元 more than 25 percent百分 of the vote投票
133
328536
2498
在最近意大利的选举中
05:43
in recent最近 Italian意大利 elections选举.
134
331034
2421
赢得了超过25%的选票。
05:45
This is Airbnb制作的Airbnb,
135
333455
1362
这是Airbnb,
05:46
which哪一个 in just a few少数 years年份
136
334817
1749
旗下不曾拥有任何房产,
05:48
has radically根本 disrupted破坏 the hotel旅馆 industry行业
137
336566
2162
却在短短几年内,
05:50
without owning拥有 a single
square广场 foot脚丫子 of real真实 estate房地产.
138
338728
2918
震撼了整个酒店行业。
05:53
This is KickstarterKickstarter的,
139
341646
1355
这是 Kickstarter,
05:55
which哪一个 we know has raised上调 over a billion十亿 dollars美元
140
343001
2897
从五百多万人手里
05:57
from more than five million百万 people.
141
345898
2421
筹集到十亿多美金。
06:00
Now, we're familiar with all of these models楷模.
142
348319
1930
我们对这些运营模式耳熟能详,
06:02
But what's striking引人注目 is the commonalities共性,
143
350249
3201
引入注目的地方在于这些模式的共性,
06:05
the structural结构 features特征 of
these new models楷模
144
353450
2126
它们的结构特点,
06:07
and how they differ不同 from old power功率.
145
355576
2149
以及跟旧势力与众不同的地方。
06:09
Let's look a little bit at this.
146
357725
1669
让我们进一步看这个问题。
06:11
Old power功率 is held保持 like a currency货币.
147
359394
3158
旧势力运作如同货币流通,
06:14
New power功率 works作品 like a current当前.
148
362552
1979
新势力运作如同波涛涌动。
06:16
Old power功率 is held保持 by a few少数.
149
364531
2502
旧势力掌握在少数人手里,
06:19
New power功率 isn't held保持 by a few少数,
it's made制作 by many许多.
150
367033
3440
新势力并非如此,而是分散在众多人手中。
06:22
Old power功率 is all about download下载,
151
370473
2507
旧势力完完全全是自上而下,
06:24
and new power功率 uploads上传.
152
372980
1726
而新势力是自下而上。
06:26
And you see a whole整个 set of
characteristics特点 that you can trace跟踪,
153
374706
2534
你看到新势力所有的特征
都是有迹可寻的,
06:29
whether是否 it's in media媒体 or
politics政治 or education教育.
154
377240
3116
无论是在媒体,政治还是教育领域。
06:32
So we've我们已经 talked a little bit
about what new power功率 is.
155
380356
2066
好,我们刚才谈了谈新势力是什么,
06:34
Let's, for a second第二, talk about
what new power功率 isn't.
156
382422
3165
现在,我们花点时间聊聊新势力不是什么。
06:37
New power功率 is not your FacebookFacebook的 page.
157
385587
3796
新势力不是你的Facebook主页。
06:41
I assure保证 you that having a
social社会 media媒体 strategy战略
158
389383
2825
我向你保证,你采用的社交媒体战略,
06:44
can enable启用 you to do just as much download下载
159
392208
2548
是自上而下的,
你的所获所得,
06:46
as you used to do when you had the radio无线电.
160
394756
2862
跟过去用广播的策略没什么两样。
06:49
Just ask Syrian叙利亚的 dictator独裁者 Bashar巴沙尔 al-Assad阿萨德,
161
397618
3528
问一下叙利亚独裁者巴沙尔•阿萨德吧,
06:53
I assure保证 you that his FacebookFacebook的 page
162
401146
1742
我向你保证,他的Facebook主页
06:54
has not embraced拥抱 the power功率
of participation参与.
163
402888
4127
并没有实现势力的共同参与。
06:59
New power功率 is not inherently本质 positive.
164
407015
3398
新势力并非是固有的正面力量。
07:02
In fact事实, this isn't an normative规范
argument论据 that we're making制造,
165
410413
2289
事实上,我们所做的并不是一种规范性论证。
07:04
there are many许多 good things
about new power功率,
166
412702
1812
新势力有其积极的一面,
07:06
but it can produce生产 bad outcomes结果.
167
414514
1817
但也会带来负面影响。
07:08
More participation参与, more peer窥视 coordination协调,
168
416331
2005
更广泛的参与,更深入的对等协调,
07:10
sometimes有时 distorts扭曲 outcomes结果
169
418336
1787
有时会带来意想不到的结果。
07:12
and there are some things,
170
420123
1075
有一些事情,
07:13
like things, for example,
in the medical profession职业
171
421198
2099
比如,新势力涉足医疗领域,
07:15
that we want new power功率
to get nowhere无处 near.
172
423297
2996
这绝不是我们希望看到的。
07:18
And thirdly第三, new power功率 is not
the inevitable必然 victor胜利者.
173
426293
3003
第三,新势力不是永远的赢家,
07:21
In fact事实, unsurprisingly勿庸置疑,
174
429296
1579
事实上,不出所料的是,
07:22
as many许多 of these new power功率
models楷模 get to scale规模,
175
430875
2989
随着诸多新势力影响力逐步扩大,
07:25
what you see is this massive大规模的 pushback推回
176
433864
2470
来自旧势力的阻力
07:28
from the forces军队 of old power功率.
177
436334
1749
越发强大
07:30
Just look at this really
interesting有趣 epic史诗 struggle斗争
178
438083
2209
就看一下仍在持续的
爱德华•斯诺登和美国国家安全局
07:32
going on right now between之间
Edward爱德华 Snowden斯诺登 and the NSANSA.
179
440292
4383
之间的恩恩怨怨吧---
一个有趣的、史诗性的对决。
07:36
You'll你会 note注意 that only one of
the two people on this slide滑动
180
444675
2384
你要注意的是,
两方中只有一方
07:39
is currently目前 in exile流亡.
181
447059
2179
远走他乡,寻求避难。
07:41
And so, it's not at all clear明确
182
449238
1415
因此,新势力是永远的赢家的说法
07:42
that new power功率 will be
the inevitable必然 victor胜利者.
183
450653
2090
根本站不住脚。
07:44
That said, keep one thing in mind心神:
184
452743
2943
这就意味着,有句话你要记在心里:
07:47
We're at the beginning开始 of a
very steep curve曲线.
185
455686
2889
我们正处在这个陡峭的曲线的起点。
07:50
So you think about some of
these new power功率 models楷模, right?
186
458575
1641
你在考虑某些新势力的模式,没错吧?
07:52
These were just like someone's谁家
187
460216
2112
这些模式在几年前还是某些人
07:54
garage车库 idea理念 a few少数 years年份 ago,
188
462328
2546
在车库里的灵感,
07:56
and now they're disrupting妨害
entire整个 industries行业.
189
464874
3136
如今正颠覆着整个行业。
08:00
And so, what's interesting有趣
about new power功率,
190
468010
2669
因此,新势力有趣之处在于
08:02
is the way it feeds供稿
on itself本身.
191
470679
2016
其自我发展的方式。
08:04
Once一旦 you have an experience经验 of new power功率,
192
472695
2024
一旦你体验过新势力,
08:06
you tend趋向 to expect期望 and
want more of it.
193
474719
2190
你就会期望享受更多。
08:08
So let's say you've used a
peer-to-peer点对点 lending贷款 platform平台
194
476909
2880
打个比方,你使用过Lending Tree或Prosper
08:11
like Lending贷款 Tree or Prosper繁荣,
195
479789
2534
对等借贷平台,
08:14
then you've figured想通 out that
you don't need the bank银行,
196
482323
2284
你会发现你不需要银行了,
08:16
and who wants the bank银行, right?
197
484607
1937
谁还想用银行服务呢?
08:18
And so, that experience经验 tends趋向
to embolden壮胆 you
198
486544
2438
因此,这种体验会促使你,
08:20
it tends趋向 to make you want
more participation参与
199
488982
2937
让你希望这种体验能
08:23
across横过 more aspects方面 of your life.
200
491919
2345
融入生活的其他方面。
08:26
And what this gives rise上升 to is
201
494264
1545
一系列价值观
08:27
a set of values.
202
495809
1571
因此而产生
08:29
We talked about the models楷模
203
497380
1310
我们讨论了新势力
08:30
that new power功率 has engendered主义及其
204
498690
1594
造就的模式——
08:32
the AirbnbsAirbnbs, the KickstartersKickstarters.
205
500284
1832
如Airbnbs,Kickstarters。
08:34
What about the values?
206
502116
1529
价值观呢?
08:35
And this is an early sketch草图
207
503645
1670
这是对新势力
08:37
at what new power功率 values look like.
208
505315
2563
价值观的初步认识
08:39
New power功率 values prize
transparency透明度 above以上 all else其他.
209
507878
3131
信息透明是最重要的价值观。
08:43
It's almost几乎 a religious宗教
belief信仰 in transparency透明度,
210
511009
2222
新势力对信息透明
秉持着几近虔诚的信仰。
08:45
a belief信仰 that if you shine闪耀
a light on something,
211
513231
2264
给它一束光,
08:47
it will be better.
212
515495
1431
它就绽放。
08:48
And remember记得 that in the 20th
century世纪, this was not at all true真正.
213
516926
2750
要知道,在20世纪时,
这并不是完全能实现的。
08:51
People thought that gentlemen绅士
should sit behind背后 closed关闭 doors
214
519676
2967
过去,人们认为绅士们应紧闭大门,
08:54
and make comfortable自在 agreements协议.
215
522643
2282
暗中达成彼此都满意的协议。
08:56
New power功率 values of informal非正式的,
networked联网 governance治理.
216
524925
3405
新势力看重的是非正式的、网络化管理。
09:00
New power功率 folks乡亲 would never
have invented发明 the U.N. today今天,
217
528330
2644
今天,新势力时代的人
永远不会建立什么联合国,
09:02
for better or worse更差.
218
530974
1833
连边都沾不上。
09:04
New power功率 values participation参与,
219
532807
1715
新势力重视参与度,
09:06
and new power功率 is all about do-it-yourself自己做.
220
534522
2795
新势力完全是自己动手做事。
09:09
In fact事实, what's interesting有趣
about new power功率
221
537317
1489
事实上,新势力有趣的地方在于,
09:10
is that it eschews避开 some of
the professionalization专业化
222
538806
3713
它在一定程度上避免了
20世纪时风行
09:14
and specialization专业化 that was
223
542519
1475
的职业化和专业化
09:15
all the rage愤怒 in the 20th century世纪.
224
543994
2390
这些新势力模式和价值观
09:18
So what's interesting有趣 about these
225
546384
1810
09:20
new power功率 values and these
new power功率 models楷模
226
548194
1966
有趣之处就在于
09:22
is what they mean for organizations组织.
227
550160
2295
它们对于组织的意义。
09:24
So we've我们已经 spent花费 a bit of time thinking思维,
228
552455
2508
我们已花了些时间考虑
09:26
how can we plot情节 organizations组织
229
554963
2266
该如何在二维坐标上
09:29
on a two-by-two两两 where, essentially实质上,
230
557229
2264
标明各组织所处的位置,
09:31
we look at new power功率 values
231
559493
2056
在这个坐标上,
我们能看到新势力价值观和模式,
09:33
and new power功率 models楷模
232
561549
1264
09:34
and see where different不同 people sit?
233
562813
1801
并能看到不同人所处的位置。
09:36
We started开始 with a U.S. analysis分析,
234
564614
1889
我们以发生在美国的例子做分析,
09:38
and let me show显示 you
some interesting有趣 findings发现.
235
566503
2376
我给你们展示一些有趣的发现。
09:40
So the first is Apple苹果.
236
568879
1979
首先是苹果公司,
09:42
In this framework骨架, we actually其实
described描述 Apple苹果
237
570858
2535
在这个坐标上,我们事实上将苹果公司
09:45
as an old power功率 company公司.
238
573393
2122
定位于旧势力公司。
09:47
That's because the ideology思想,
239
575515
1654
原因是其企业意识形态,
09:49
the governing治理 ideology思想 of Apple苹果
240
577169
2288
在苹果公司,盛行的是
09:51
is the ideology思想 of the perfectionist完美主义者
241
579457
2874
库比蒂诺完美主义
产品设计师的意识形态。
09:54
product产品 designer设计师 in Cupertino库比蒂诺.
242
582331
2024
09:56
It's absolutely绝对 about that beautiful美丽,
perfect完善 thing descending upon us
243
584355
4072
这完全是经典无暇的产品
完美地闯入我们的世界。
10:00
in perfection完美.
244
588427
1351
而且苹果公司并没有信息透明的价值观。
10:01
And it does not value, as a
company公司, transparency透明度.
245
589778
2623
10:04
In fact事实, it's very secretive隐秘.
246
592401
1663
事实上,苹果公司很重视信息保密。
10:06
Now, Apple苹果 is one of the most
succesful成功的 companies公司 in the world世界.
247
594064
2826
如今,苹果公司是世界上最成功的公司之一。
10:08
So this shows节目 that you can
248
596890
1372
这意味着,
你仍然可以成功追求旧势力策略。
10:10
still pursue追求 a successful成功
old power功率 strategy战略.
249
598262
2689
10:12
But one can argue争论 that there's
real真实 vulnerabilitesvulnerabilites in that model模型.
250
600951
2970
有人会说,这个模式有其脆弱的一面。
10:15
I think another另一个 interesting有趣 comparison对照
251
603921
2024
我想,还有另一个有趣的例子,
10:17
is that of the Obama奥巴马 campaign运动
252
605945
2177
即奥巴马竞选
10:20
versus the Obama奥巴马 presidency总统任期.
253
608122
3116
与奥巴马执政的对比
10:23
(Applause掌声)
254
611238
7462
(掌声)
10:30
Now, I like President主席 Obama奥巴马,
255
618700
1747
我喜欢奥巴马总统,
10:32
but he ran with new
power功率 at his back, right?
256
620447
3956
但他总在暗中行使新势力,没错吧?
10:36
And he said to people,
257
624403
1827
他曾对我们说,
10:38
we are the ones那些 we've我们已经
been waiting等候 for.
258
626230
1973
我们在等的那个人就是我们自己。
10:40
And he used crowdfunding集资
259
628203
1451
他采用群众募资的方式
来壮大运动
10:41
to power功率 a campaign运动.
260
629654
1211
10:42
But when he got into office办公室,
261
630865
1401
但当他登台后,
10:44
he governed治理 like more or less
all the other presidents总统 did.
262
632266
3192
他的表现就或多或少
与其他总统别无二致了。
10:47
And this is a really interesting有趣 trend趋势,
263
635458
2364
这真是个有趣的趋势,
10:49
is when new power功率 gets得到 powerful强大,
264
637822
1998
当新势力变得强大后,
10:51
what happens发生?
265
639820
1571
会发生什么?
10:53
So this is a framework骨架 you
should look at
266
641391
1764
因此,你应当考虑一下
10:55
and think about where your
own拥有 organization组织
267
643155
1492
你的组织在这个坐标上
所处的位置
10:56
sits坐镇 on it.
268
644647
964
10:57
And think about where it
should be
269
645611
1573
并考虑一下五年或十年后
10:59
in five or 10 years年份.
270
647184
1548
你期望它所处的位置。
11:00
So what do you do if you're old power功率?
271
648732
2465
如果你的组织是旧势力,该怎么做?
11:03
Well, if you're there
thinking思维, in old power功率,
272
651197
2965
假设你身为旧势力,
如果你这么想,
11:06
this won't惯于 happen发生 to us.
273
654162
1900
这不会发生在我们身上
11:08
Then just look at the Wikipedia维基百科
entry条目 for EncyclopEncyclopædia直径 Britannica大英百科全书.
274
656062
5167
那么就在维基百科上搜一下
大英百科全书这个词条吧。
11:13
Let me tell you, it's a very sad伤心 read.
275
661229
2396
我来告诉你,
这个词条的内容会让人感到伤感
11:15
But if you are old power功率,
276
663625
1419
如果你的组织是旧势力,
11:17
the most important重要 thing you
can do is to occupy占据 yourself你自己
277
665044
3793
对你而言最重要的就是
在别人占领你的地盘前,
11:20
before others其他 occupy占据 you,
278
668837
2654
牢牢守好自己的地盘。
11:23
before you are occupied占据.
279
671491
1328
11:24
Imagine想像 that a group
of your biggest最大 skeptics怀疑论者
280
672819
2773
设想一下,让最质疑你的组织的一群人
11:27
are camped扎营 in the heart
of your organization组织
281
675592
2352
驻扎在你的组织核心之处,
11:29
asking the toughest最艰难的 questions问题
282
677944
1879
提出最尖锐的问题,
11:31
and they can see everything
inside of your organization组织.
283
679823
2928
而且他们可以看到你的组织中的一切。
11:34
And ask them, would they
like what they see
284
682751
2750
随后问问他们是否喜欢眼前的事实,
11:37
and should our model模型 change更改?
285
685501
2275
你的模式需不需要做出改变?
11:39
What about if you're new power功率?
286
687776
1863
如果你的组织是新势力,该做些什么?
11:41
Is new power功率 kind of just
riding骑术 the wave to glory荣耀?
287
689639
2634
新势力就会一帆风顺,直奔光明吗?
11:44
I would argue争论 no.
288
692273
1480
我会说,不是的。
11:45
I would argue争论 that there
are some very real真实 challenges挑战
289
693753
1956
我认为,现实中,在新势力初期阶段
11:47
to new power功率 in this nascent初期的 phase.
290
695709
1692
存在一些真正的挑战。
11:49
Let's stick with the Occupy占据 Wall Street
example for a moment时刻.
291
697401
3502
让我们花些时间关注在「占领华尔街」运动上。
11:52
Occupy占据 was this incredible难以置信 example
of new power功率,
292
700903
2990
这个运动是经典的新势力的例子,
11:55
the purest最纯净的 example of new power功率.
293
703893
1843
且极具代表性。
11:57
And yet然而, it failed失败 to consolidate巩固.
294
705736
2531
然而,其成果没能得到巩固,
12:00
So the energy能源 that it created创建
295
708267
1897
因此,该运动所激发出的能量,
12:02
was great for the meme米姆 phase,
296
710164
1441
对最初的模仿阶段来说
是难能可贵的。
12:03
but they were so committed提交 to participation参与,
297
711605
2801
但他们太过专注于参与度,
12:06
that they never got anything doneDONE.
298
714406
1634
而没有将任何事情落于实处。
12:08
And in fact事实 that model模型
299
716040
1791
事实上,这个模式意味着,
12:09
means手段 that the challenge挑战 for new power功率 is:
300
717831
2792
对新势力的挑战在于:
12:12
how do you use institutional制度 power功率
301
720623
2539
在未制度化的前提下,
12:15
without being存在 institutionalized制度化?
302
723162
2071
如何发挥制度的优势?
12:17
One the other end结束 of the spectra is Uber尤伯杯.
303
725233
2633
坐标轴另一端的例子是Uber。
12:19
Uber尤伯杯 is an amazing惊人,
304
727866
1384
Uber很不可思议,
12:21
highly高度 scalable可扩展性 new power功率 model模型.
305
729250
2053
拥有强大的新势力模式,
12:23
That network网络 is getting得到 denser更密集 and denser更密集
306
731303
2026
且影响范围极易扩张,
网络覆盖率变得越来越密集
12:25
by the day.
307
733329
1260
12:26
But what's really interesting有趣
about Uber尤伯杯 is
308
734589
2159
但Uber真正有趣的地方在于
12:28
it hasn't有没有 really adopted采用 new power功率 values.
309
736748
3741
它并没有秉持新势力价值观。
12:32
This is a real真实 quote引用 from
the Uber尤伯杯 CEOCEO recently最近:
310
740489
4072
下面这句话引自Uber的首席执行官,
12:36
He says, "Once一旦 we get rid摆脱 of the dude花花公子
in the car汽车" — he means手段 drivers司机
311
744561
4448
「一旦我们摆脱出租车里的这位老兄」
——他指司机——
12:41
"Uber尤伯杯 will be cheaper便宜."
312
749009
3892
「Uber就会便宜了。」
12:44
Now, new power功率 models楷模
live生活 and die
313
752901
2975
如今,这些新势力模式生死取决于
12:47
by the strength强度 of their networks网络.
314
755876
2182
关系网络是否强大,
12:50
By whether是否 the drivers司机 and the consumers消费者
315
758058
1933
也取决于司机和消费者
12:51
who use the service服务 actually其实 believe in it.
316
759991
2341
——这些接受这项服务的人——是否相信它。
12:54
Because they're not an exercise行使
of top-down自顶向下 perfectionism完美主义,
317
762332
3501
因为它们并不是自上而下的完美主义成果,
12:57
they are about the network网络.
318
765833
1948
而是关于关系网络的。
12:59
And so, the challenge挑战,
319
767781
1696
因此,这个挑战,
13:01
and this is why it's in
no way surprising奇怪,
320
769477
2250
这就是为什么Uber的司机
正着手成立工会,
这真的一点儿都不让人感觉奇怪
13:03
is that Uber's尤伯杯的 drivers司机
are now unionizing组织工会.
321
771727
4256
13:07
It's extraordinary非凡.
322
775983
1600
这真的不同寻常
13:09
Uber's尤伯杯的 drivers司机 are turning车削 on Uber尤伯杯.
323
777583
2289
Uber的司机正在对抗Uber,
Uber面临的挑战——
13:11
And the challenge挑战 for Uber尤伯杯
324
779872
1294
13:13
this isn't an easy简单 situation情况 for them —
325
781166
1927
对他们而言不是好形势——
13:15
is that they are locked锁定 into
a broader更广泛 superstrcuturesuperstrcuture
326
783093
3296
是他们已被困在更宽泛的上层结构中,
13:18
that is really old power功率.
327
786389
1685
而这无疑是旧势力。
13:20
They've他们已经 raised上调 more than a billion十亿
dollars美元 in the capital首都 markets市场.
328
788074
3008
他们已在资本市场募集超过十亿美金,
13:23
Those markets市场 expect期望 a financial金融 return返回,
329
791082
2528
市场期望获得经济回报,
13:25
and they way you get a financial金融 return返回
330
793610
1917
而获得经济回报的方式,
13:27
is by squeezing挤压 and squeezing挤压
331
795527
2397
就是不断不断地压榨
13:29
your users用户 and your drivers司机
332
797924
2245
你的用户和司机,
13:32
for more and more value
333
800169
1295
获取更多的利润,
13:33
and giving that value to your investors投资者.
334
801464
2467
转移到投资者手中。
13:35
So the big question about the future未来
of new power功率, in my view视图, is:
335
803931
3603
未来新势力的关键问题,
在我看来,即:
13:39
Will that old power功率 just emerge出现?
336
807534
2559
旧势力会出现吗?
13:42
So will new power功率 elites精英 just become成为
337
810093
1783
新势力的精英们
会变为旧势力,并压榨他人吗?
13:43
old power功率 and squeeze?
338
811876
1889
13:45
Or will that new power功率
base基础 bite back?
339
813765
2613
或者,新势力的基础会走回头路吗?
13:48
Will the next下一个 big Uber尤伯杯
340
816378
1761
下一个Uber
13:50
be co-owned共同拥有 by Uber尤伯杯 drivers司机?
341
818139
2380
会由Uber的司机共同拥有吗?
13:52
And I think this going
to be a very interesting有趣
342
820519
2783
我认为,这会是一个很有趣的
13:55
structural结构 question.
343
823302
1902
结构层面上的问题。
13:57
Finally最后, think about new power功率
344
825204
3282
最后,新势力不只是
14:00
being存在 more than just an
345
828486
2367
扩大事物的影响范围
14:02
entity实体 that scales things
346
830853
1636
让我们
14:04
that make us have slightly
better consumer消费者 experiences经验.
347
832489
3716
拥有了更好的用户体验。
14:08
My call to action行动 for new power功率
348
836205
2166
我对于新势力的呼吁是,
14:10
is to not be an island.
349
838371
2408
不要孤立。
14:12
We have major重大的 structural结构
problems问题 in the world世界 today今天
350
840779
3156
今天我们面临严重的结构性问题,
14:15
that could benefit效益 enormously巨大
351
843935
2256
我们能从广泛参与和对等协调中
14:18
from the kinds of mass participation参与
352
846191
2314
获益良多,
而广泛参与和对等协调对于
14:20
and peer窥视 coordination协调
353
848505
1337
14:21
that these new power功率 players玩家
354
849842
1728
这些新势力的弄潮者来说
14:23
know so well how to generate生成.
355
851570
2396
可谓轻车熟路。
14:25
And we badly need them to
turn their energies能量 and their power功率
356
853966
3513
我们急需他们将能量和势力
转移到这些严重的问题上,
14:29
to big, what economists经济学家 might威力 call
357
857479
3224
经济学家或许会称其为公共财产问题,
14:32
public上市 goods产品 problems问题,
358
860703
1573
14:34
that are often经常 beyond markets市场
359
862276
2046
这些问题通常远在市场之外,
14:36
where investors投资者 can easily容易 be found发现.
360
864322
2010
投资者不会轻易发现。
14:38
And I think if we can do that,
361
866332
1890
我认为,如果我们能做到这一点,
14:40
we might威力 be able能够 to fundamentally从根本上 change更改
362
868222
2985
我们或许不仅能从根本上改变
14:43
not only human人的 beings'众生 sense of
their own拥有 agency机构 and power功率
363
871207
3531
人们对于其自身能力的看法——
14:46
because I think that's the most
wonderful精彩 thing about new power功率,
364
874738
2858
因为,我认为这是对于
新势力而言最美好的事情,
14:49
is that people feel more powerful强大
365
877596
2752
即人们感觉自身势力更强大——
14:52
but we might威力 also be able能够 to change更改
366
880348
1781
或许还能改变
14:54
the way we relate涉及 to each other
367
882129
1763
我们与他人之间相处的方式,
14:55
and the way we relate涉及 to
authority权威 and institutions机构.
368
883892
3111
与权贵和机构来往的方式。
14:59
And to me, that's absolutely绝对
369
887003
2048
对于我而言,
这完全值得努力去争取。
15:01
worth价值 trying for.
370
889051
1571
15:02
Thank you very much.
371
890622
1096
非常感谢你们。
15:03
(Applause掌声)
372
891718
2092
(掌声)
Translated by Yumeng Guo
Reviewed by Jing Peng

▲Back to top

ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Jeremy Heimans - Activist
At Purpose, Jeremy Heimans strategizes how to harness new social, economic and technological models to build movements with impact.

Why you should listen

Jeremy Heimans has been building movements since childhood, when he ran precocious fax campaigns on issues such as environmental conservation and third world debt in his native Australia. A former McKinsey strategy consultant, he has co-founded several online campaign groups and citizen activism initiatives, including GetUp (an Australian political movement with more members than Australia's political parties combined), Avaaz (an online political movement with more than 40 million members) and AllOut (a global movement for LGBT people and their straight friends and family). 

Now based in New York, Heimans is co-founder and CEO of Purpose, a social business that builds movements and ventures that he says, “uses the power of participation to bring change in the world.” He and colleague Henry Timms, executive director of 92nd Street Y, a cultural and community center in New York, and founder of #GivingTuesday, are set to publish an essay in November 2014 examining new forms of power and their meaning. As Heimans puts it, “Old power downloads and commands; new power uploads and shares.”

The World Economic Forum at Davos named Heimans a Young Global Leader and in 2011 he was awarded the Ford Foundation's 75th Anniversary Visionary Award. In 2012, Fast Company named him one of the Most Creative People in Business, and in 2014, CNN picked his concept of "new power" as one of 10 ideas to change the world

More profile about the speaker
Jeremy Heimans | Speaker | TED.com