TEDGlobal 2014
Robert Swan: Let's save the last pristine continent
罗伯特·斯万: 让我们拯救最后的净土
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Readability: 3.6
1,037,570 views
2041 年对地球来说很关键。这一年意味着 50 年的对开发南极这片净土的合约的终止。探险家罗伯特·斯万，第一位步行至南北极的人，肩负着延长这个条约的使命。他激情的向我们发出请求：为了我们人类的生存，请保护南极这片净土。
Robert Swan - Polar explorer
Robert Swan has explored both poles, and wants to make sure that Antarctica, the world's last great wilderness, is never exploited. Full bio
Robert Swan has explored both poles, and wants to make sure that Antarctica, the world's last great wilderness, is never exploited. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
Let's go south.
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让我们向南去
00:16
All of you are actually going south.
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你们所有人实际上正在向南
00:22
This is the direction of south, this way,
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这个是向南的方向
00:27
and if you go 8,000 kilometers
out of the back of this room,
out of the back of this room,
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如果你朝这个房间后面走8000公里
00:33
you will come to as far south
as you can go anywhere on Earth,
as you can go anywhere on Earth,
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你将会走到你能在地球上到达的最南端
00:38
the Pole itself.
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南极点
00:41
Now, I am not an explorer.
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现在，我不是一个探险家
00:45
I'm not an environmentalist.
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我也不是一个环境学家
00:48
I'm actually just a survivor,
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我实际上只是一个幸存者
00:52
and these photographs
that I'm showing you here are dangerous.
that I'm showing you here are dangerous.
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我现在展示给你们的图片很危险
00:57
They are the ice melt
of the South and North Poles.
of the South and North Poles.
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它们是南极和北极融化的冰雪
01:03
And ladies and gentlemen,
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女士们先生们
01:05
we need to listen to what
these places are telling us,
these places are telling us,
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我们需要倾听这些地方正在告诉我们的话
01:11
and if we don't, we will end up
with our own survival situation
with our own survival situation
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如果我们不这样做，我们将会在地球上
01:18
here on planet Earth.
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严峻的生存情形面前死亡。
01:21
I have faced head-on these places,
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我曾亲眼见过这些地方，
01:27
and to walk across a melting ocean of ice
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走在融化海洋冰面上
01:32
is without doubt
the most frightening thing
the most frightening thing
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无疑是我所做过的
01:35
that's ever happened to me.
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最惊险的事情。
01:39
Antarctica is such a hopeful place.
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南极是一个充满希望的地方。
01:45
It is protected by
the Antarctic Treaty, signed in 1959.
the Antarctic Treaty, signed in 1959.
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南极被 1959 年所签署的南极条约保护着。
01:52
In 1991, a 50-year agreement
was entered into
was entered into
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在 1991 年，一个 50 年条约被签署实施
01:59
that stops any exploitation in Antarctica,
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禁止一切对南极的开发利用，
02:04
and this agreement could be altered,
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但是从 2041 年开始
02:09
changed, modified, or even abandoned
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这个条约就可以被
02:15
starting in the year 2041.
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修改，变换，改进，甚至是被摒弃。
02:21
Ladies and gentlemen,
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女士们先生们，
02:24
people already far up north
from here in the Arctic
from here in the Arctic
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远在北极的人们
02:30
are already taking advantage
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已经开始利用
02:33
of this ice melt,
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冰在融化的这个优势，
02:37
taking out resources from areas
already that have been covered in ice
already that have been covered in ice
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将埋在冰下
02:43
for the last 10, 20, 30,000,
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有成千上万年的
02:46
100,000 years.
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资源开采出来。
02:50
Can they not join the dots
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难道他们不能和其他人一样
02:53
and think, "Why is the ice
actually melting?"
actually melting?"
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想一想：“为什么冰正在融化呢？”
02:59
This is such an amazing place,
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南极，这是一个充满神奇的地方，
03:03
the Antarctic, and I have worked hard
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在过去的 23 年里，我一直都
03:07
for the last 23 years on this mission
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非常努力的工作
03:12
to make sure that what's happening
up here in the North
up here in the North
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以确保在北极所发生的事情
03:16
does never happen,
cannot happen in the South.
cannot happen in the South.
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绝不会发生在南极。
03:21
Where did this all begin?
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这该从何说起呢？
03:23
It began for me at the age of 11.
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故事从我 11 岁时开始。
03:26
Check out that haircut.
It's a bit odd. (Laughter)
It's a bit odd. (Laughter)
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看看我当时的发型是不是有点奇怪。（笑声）
03:29
And at the age of 11,
I was inspired by the real explorers
I was inspired by the real explorers
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在 11 岁之际，我被真正的探险家所打动
03:34
to want to try to be the first
to walk to both Poles.
to walk to both Poles.
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我想成为第一个走过南极和北极的人。
03:39
I found it incredibly inspiring
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这个想法真的是非常的鼓舞人心，
03:43
that the idea of becoming a polar traveler
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成为极地旅行者的想法
03:47
went down pretty well with girls
at parties when I was at university.
at parties when I was at university.
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在大学的派对里非常受到女生的欢迎。
03:51
That was a bit more inspiring.
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这样一来就更加令我振奋。
03:53
And after years, seven
years of fundraising,
years of fundraising,
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经过足足七年的筹资，
03:57
seven years of being told no,
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连续七年的被反对，
04:00
seven years of being told
by my family to seek counseling
by my family to seek counseling
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连续七年的被家人劝说
04:06
and psychiatric help,
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去接受心理治疗，
04:10
eventually three of us found ourselves
marching to the South Geographic Pole
marching to the South Geographic Pole
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最终我们其中三个人实现梦想，
在无人协助的情况下
在无人协助的情况下
04:16
on the longest unassisted march
ever made anywhere on Earth in history.
ever made anywhere on Earth in history.
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完成了有史以来在南极最长旅行。
04:22
In this photograph,
we are standing in an area
we are standing in an area
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在张照片里，我们站在一个和
04:25
the size of the United States of America,
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美国一样大小的地方，
04:29
and we're on our own.
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而且只有我们。
04:30
We have no radio
communications, no backup.
communications, no backup.
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我们没有电子通讯设备，没有后方补给。
04:34
Beneath our feet,
90 percent of all the world's ice,
90 percent of all the world's ice,
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在我们脚下，是全世界 90% 的冰，
04:42
70 percent of all the world's fresh water.
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全世界 70% 的淡水资源。
04:46
We're standing on it.
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我们就站在它上面。
04:48
This is the power of Antarctica.
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这就是南极的魅力。
04:52
On this journey, we faced
the danger of crevasses,
the danger of crevasses,
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在这个路途中，我们面对着冰隙的危险
04:56
intense cold,
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严峻寒冷，
04:58
so cold that sweat turns
to ice inside your clothing,
to ice inside your clothing,
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冷到你身上出的汗在衣服里结成冰，
05:04
your teeth can crack,
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你的牙齿碎裂，
05:05
water can freeze in your eyes.
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水在你的眼睛里结冰。
05:07
Let's just say it's a bit chilly.
(Laughter)
(Laughter)
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说真的那里实在有点冷。（笑声）
05:11
And after 70 desperate days,
we arrive at the South Pole.
we arrive at the South Pole.
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在 70 天的孤注一掷后
我们到达了南极点。
我们到达了南极点。
05:15
We had done it.
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我们做到了。
05:16
But something happened to me
on that 70-day journey in 1986
on that 70-day journey in 1986
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但是在 1986 年的那 70 天里
所发生的事情
所发生的事情
05:22
that brought me here, and it hurt.
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让我来到这里，而且那件事非常伤人。
05:25
My eyes changed color
in 70 days through damage.
in 70 days through damage.
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我们眼睛在 70 天里受到损伤，
改变了颜色。
改变了颜色。
05:30
Our faces blistered out.
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我们的脸起满了水饱。
05:32
The skin ripped off
and we wondered why.
and we wondered why.
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皮肤被撕下，我们却不知道为什么。
05:37
And when we got home,
we were told by NASA
we were told by NASA
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当我们回家后，NASA 告诉我们，
05:41
that a hole in the ozone
had been discovered
had been discovered
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在南极上方
05:44
above the South Pole,
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发现了臭氧层的漏洞，
05:45
and we'd walked underneath it
the same year it had been discovered.
the same year it had been discovered.
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在它被发现的那年，我们就走它下面。
05:50
Ultraviolet rays down, hit the ice,
bounced back, fried out the eyes,
bounced back, fried out the eyes,
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紫外线射到冰上，反射回来，
烧坏了我们的眼睛，
烧坏了我们的眼睛，
05:56
ripped off our faces.
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撕裂了我们的脸。
06:00
It was a bit of a shock --
(Laughter) --
(Laughter) --
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这确实够震惊的（笑声）
06:03
and it started me thinking.
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这样我开始思考。
06:06
In 1989, we now head north.
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在 1989 年，我们向北进军。
06:10
Sixty days, every step away
from the safety of land
from the safety of land
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在 60 天里，我们离开安全的陆地，
06:14
across a frozen ocean.
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穿越冰封的海洋。
06:16
It was desperately cold again.
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那一次又是冷人绝望的寒冷。
06:18
Here's me coming in from washing
naked at -60 Celsius.
naked at -60 Celsius.
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这是我，
裸身在 -60 摄氏度洗澡回来。
裸身在 -60 摄氏度洗澡回来。
06:25
And if anybody ever says to you,
"I am cold" -- (Laughter) --
"I am cold" -- (Laughter) --
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所以，如果任何人和你说：
“我很冷”（笑声）
“我很冷”（笑声）
06:30
if they look like this,
they are cold, definitely.
they are cold, definitely.
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如果他们看上去是这个样子，
他们绝对很冷。
他们绝对很冷。
06:36
(Applause)
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（掌声）
06:38
And 1,000 kilometers away
from the safety of land,
from the safety of land,
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1000 千米远离安全的陆地，
06:44
disaster strikes.
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灾难发生了。
06:47
The Arctic Ocean melts beneath our feet
four months before it ever had in history,
four months before it ever had in history,
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北冰洋在我们脚下融化了，
历史性的提早了四个月，
历史性的提早了四个月，
06:55
and we're 1,000 kilometers from safety.
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那时我们安全的陆地千里之遥。
06:58
The ice is crashing around us, grinding,
and I'm thinking, "Are we going to die?"
and I'm thinking, "Are we going to die?"
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并在我们周围轰然裂开，
我想：“我们要死了么？”
我想：“我们要死了么？”
07:05
But something clicked
in my head on this day,
in my head on this day,
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但是我脑海中突然意识到，
07:09
as I realized we, as a world,
are in a survival situation,
are in a survival situation,
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我们作为一个世界在一个生存境遇中，
07:16
and that feeling has never gone away
for 25 long years.
for 25 long years.
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那个感觉一直在我的心里有 25 年了。
07:21
Back then, we had to march or die.
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在那时候，我们要么前进要么死亡。
07:25
And we're not some TV survivor program.
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我们不是什么野外生存电视节目。
07:29
When things go wrong for us,
it's life or death,
it's life or death,
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当情况出现问题的时候，
便是生与死的问题，
便是生与死的问题，
07:32
and our brave African-American Daryl,
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我们勇敢的非裔美国人达里尔，
07:35
who would become the first American
to walk to the North Pole,
to walk to the North Pole,
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他将会成为第一个走到北极的人，
07:39
his heel dropped off
from frostbite 200 klicks out.
from frostbite 200 klicks out.
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可是他的脚跟因为严重冻伤掉了下来。
07:44
He must keep going, he does,
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他必须继续前行，而且他做到了，
07:46
and after 60 days on the ice,
we stood at the North Pole.
we stood at the North Pole.
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在冰面行走的 60 天后，
我们站在了北极点上。
我们站在了北极点上。
07:51
We had done it.
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我们做到了。
07:52
Yes, I became the first person in history
stupid enough to walk to both Poles,
stupid enough to walk to both Poles,
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是的，我成为历史上
第一个愚蠢到走到两极的人，
第一个愚蠢到走到两极的人，
07:57
but it was our success.
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但这是我们的成功。
08:01
And sadly, on return home,
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但不幸的是，在我们回家的途中，
08:05
it was not all fun.
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并不总是充满愉悦，
08:08
I became very low.
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我情绪变得非常低落。
08:10
To succeed at something is often harder
than actually making it happen.
than actually making it happen.
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成功比付出行动要更难。
08:16
I was empty, lonely,
financially destroyed.
financially destroyed.
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我当时空虚，孤独，贫穷。
08:20
I was without hope,
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我当时失去了希望，
08:22
but hope came in the form
of the great Jacques Cousteau,
of the great Jacques Cousteau,
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但是我从伟大的雅克·库斯托那里
找回了希望，
找回了希望，
08:26
and he inspired me to take on
the 2041 mission.
the 2041 mission.
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他鼓舞我接手 2041 任务。
08:31
Being Jacques, he gave me
clear instructions:
clear instructions:
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雅克给了我明确的指示:
08:35
Engage the world leaders,
talk to industry and business,
talk to industry and business,
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鼓舞世界领袖，与工商业交谈，
08:39
and above all, Rob, inspire young people,
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而最重要的是鼓舞年轻人，
08:43
because they will choose the future
of the preservation of Antarctica.
of the preservation of Antarctica.
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因为他们将选择对南极保护。
08:48
For the world leaders, we've been
to every world Earth Summit,
to every world Earth Summit,
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至于世界领袖，
我们访遍了每一个地球峰会，
我们访遍了每一个地球峰会，
08:52
all three of them,
with our brave yacht, 2041,
with our brave yacht, 2041,
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他们三个，承载着勇敢帆船 2041 号
08:57
twice to Rio, once in '92, once in 2012,
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分别在 1992 年和 2012 年
达到里约热内卢，
达到里约热内卢，
09:01
and for the Earth Summit in Johannesburg,
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为了约翰内斯堡的地球峰会，
09:05
we made the longest overland voyage
ever made with a yacht,
ever made with a yacht,
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我们完成最长的陆地帆船的航行，
09:12
13,000 kilometers around
the whole of Southern Africa
the whole of Southern Africa
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围绕着整个南非 13000 公里，
09:17
doing our best to inspire
over a million young people in person
over a million young people in person
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我们尽最大努力用 2041 和他们的环境
09:23
about 2041 and about their environment.
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激发百万的年轻人。
09:28
For the last 11 years,
we have taken over 1,000 people,
we have taken over 1,000 people,
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在过去的 11 年里，
我们带着超过 1000 人
我们带着超过 1000 人
09:35
people from industry and business,
women and men from companies,
women and men from companies,
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来自工商的男女人们
09:38
students from all over the world,
down to Antarctica,
down to Antarctica,
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世界各地的学生们，去往南极，
09:42
and during those missions,
we've managed to pull out
we've managed to pull out
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在任务之中，
我们成功的将超过 1500 的废铁
我们成功的将超过 1500 的废铁
09:46
over 1,500 tons of twisted metal
left in Antarctica.
left in Antarctica.
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清理出南极。
09:51
That took eight years,
and I'm so proud of it
and I'm so proud of it
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这花了我们 8 年时间，
但是我很为此自豪，
但是我很为此自豪，
09:55
because we recycled all of it
back here in South America.
back here in South America.
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因为我们将那些废铁
全部在南美回收利用了。
全部在南美回收利用了。
10:02
I have been inspired
ever since I could walk
ever since I could walk
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自从我可以走路时
10:05
to recycle by my mum.
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我就和我妈学习资源回收，
10:09
Here she is, and my mum --
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这就是她，我妈妈
10:11
(Applause) --
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（掌声）
10:15
my mum is still recycling,
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我妈妈仍然坚持回收利用，
10:17
and as she is in her 100th year,
isn't that fantastic?
isn't that fantastic?
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她现在都已经 100 岁了，
这难道不是非常棒么？
这难道不是非常棒么？
10:22
(Applause)
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（掌声）
10:25
And when -- I love my mum.
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当---我爱我妈。
10:28
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
10:29
But when Mum was born,
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当我妈出生的时候，
10:32
the population of our planet
was only 1.8 billion people,
was only 1.8 billion people,
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当我母亲出生的时候，
世界人口只有 18 亿，
世界人口只有 18 亿，
10:39
and talking in terms of billions,
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在这数亿人中，
10:41
we have taken young people
from industry and business
from industry and business
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我们带着来自中国和印度工商业的
10:44
from India, from China.
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年轻人。
10:46
These are game-changing nations,
and will be hugely important
and will be hugely important
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这些都是具有颠覆性的国家，
在将来对于保护南极的决定中
在将来对于保护南极的决定中
10:52
in the decision about
the preservation of the Antarctic.
the preservation of the Antarctic.
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将扮演举足轻重的角色。
10:57
Unbelievably, we've engaged and inspired
women to come from the Middle East,
women to come from the Middle East,
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难以置信的是，
niudai我们还激发和鼓舞了来自中东的女性
niudai我们还激发和鼓舞了来自中东的女性
11:04
often for the first time they've
represented their nations in Antarctica.
represented their nations in Antarctica.
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第一次代表她们的国家现身于南极。
11:10
Fantastic people, so inspired.
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了不起的人们，各个志气焕发。
11:13
To look after Antarctica,
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一起来保护南极，
11:16
you've got to first engage people
with this extraordinary place,
with this extraordinary place,
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你们已经初步鼓舞人们参与到这了不起的地方，
11:22
form a relationship, form a bond,
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形成了一种关系，形成了一种纽带，
11:26
form some love.
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还产生了一些爱。
11:29
It is such a privilege
to go to Antarctica,
to go to Antarctica,
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能够去往南极真的是我的荣幸，
11:33
I can't tell you.
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我不知道该怎么告诉你
11:34
I feel so lucky,
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我当时感到多么幸运，
11:36
and I've been 35 times in my life,
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我已在我一生中去了 35 次了，
11:39
and all those people who come with us
return home as great champions,
return home as great champions,
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所有和我们一起去的人，
作为伟大的胜利者返回各国，
作为伟大的胜利者返回各国，
11:43
not only for Antarctica,
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不仅仅是为了南极，
11:45
but for local issues
back in their own nations.
back in their own nations.
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还是为了他们国家各自的问题。
11:49
Let's go back to where we began:
the ice melt of the North and South Poles.
the ice melt of the North and South Poles.
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让我们退回到我们开始的地方：
南北极的冰融化的事情。
南北极的冰融化的事情。
11:55
And it's not good news.
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这不是一个好消息。
11:59
NASA informed us six months ago
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NASA 6 个月之前告诉我们
12:03
that the Western Antarctic Ice Shelf
is now disintegrating.
is now disintegrating.
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南极西部的冰架正在解体。
12:08
Huge areas of ice --
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大面积的冰--
12:11
look how big Antarctica is
even compared to here --
even compared to here --
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看看南极和这里比有多大--
12:15
Huge areas of ice
are breaking off from Antarctica,
are breaking off from Antarctica,
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大面积的冰正从南极脱离
12:19
the size of small nations.
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有一个小国家的大小。
12:22
And NASA have calculated
that the sea level will rise,
that the sea level will rise,
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NASA 还计算出海平面在未来 100 年里
12:27
it is definite,
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会上升 1 米
12:29
by one meter in the next 100 years,
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是必定无疑的事情，
12:32
the same time that my mum
has been on planet Earth.
has been on planet Earth.
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和我妈活着时间一样长。
12:36
It's going to happen,
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这件事情会发生的，
12:37
and I've realized that
the preservation of Antarctica
the preservation of Antarctica
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我已经意识到对南极的保护
12:43
and our survival here on Earth are linked.
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与我们的生还紧密相连。
12:48
And there is a very simple solution.
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对此，有一个简单的解决办法。
12:50
If we are using more renewable energy
in the real world,
in the real world,
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如果我们在现实世界中
更多的使用可再生能源，
更多的使用可再生能源，
12:55
if we are being more efficient
with the energy here,
with the energy here,
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如果我们能够更高效的利用现有能源，
13:01
running our energy mix in a cleaner way,
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使我们的能源结构更加清洁，
13:05
there will be no financial reason
to go and exploit Antarctica.
to go and exploit Antarctica.
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我们就不会因为经济上的问题去开采南极。
13:10
It won't make financial sense,
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这种行为一点都不经济，
13:12
and if we manage our energy better,
we also may be able to slow down,
we also may be able to slow down,
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如果我们可以更好的管理我们的能源，
13:20
maybe even stop,
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我们也许减慢，甚至停止
13:22
this great ice melt that threatens us.
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对我们有威胁的大面积冰层融化。
13:25
It's a big challenge, and what
is our response to it?
is our response to it?
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这是个巨大挑战，我们该怎样应对？
13:29
We've got to go back one last time,
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我们需要再回去一次，
13:33
and at the end of next year,
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在明年年底，
13:34
we will go back to the
South Geographic Pole,
South Geographic Pole,
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我们将会回到南极点，
13:38
where we arrived 30 years ago on foot,
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我们 30 年前徒步到达过的地方，
13:43
and retrace our steps of 1,600 kilometers,
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追溯我们 1600 千米的步行，
13:48
but this time only using
renewable energy to survive.
renewable energy to survive.
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但是这一次只使用再生能源来存活。
13:54
We will walk across those icecaps,
which far down below are melting,
which far down below are melting,
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我们将会走过那些底层正在融化的冰盖，
14:00
hopefully inspiring some
solutions on that issue.
solutions on that issue.
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或许我们可以找到解决那个问题的方法。
14:05
This is my son, Barney.
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这是我的儿子，巴尼。
14:07
He is coming with me.
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他将同我一起前行。
14:10
He is committed to walking
side by side with his father,
side by side with his father,
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他将和他的父亲肩并肩一起前行，
14:15
and what he will do is
to translate these messages
to translate these messages
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他将翻译这些信息，
14:19
and inspire these messages
to the minds of future young leaders.
to the minds of future young leaders.
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用这些新信息去鼓舞未来年轻的领袖们。
14:24
I'm extremely proud of him.
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我为他感到非常自豪。
14:26
Good on him, Barney.
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祝巴尼好运。
14:31
Ladies and gentlemen,
a survivor -- and I'm good --
a survivor -- and I'm good --
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女士们先生们，一个幸存者，
14:38
a survivor sees a problem
and doesn't go, "Whatever."
and doesn't go, "Whatever."
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可以看见一个问题无论如何他会停留下来。
14:46
A survivor sees a problem
and deals with that problem
and deals with that problem
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一个幸存者发现问题，
14:50
before it becomes a threat.
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在它变成威胁之前解决它。
14:53
We have 27 years
to preserve the Antarctic.
to preserve the Antarctic.
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我们有 27 年的时间去保护南极。
14:59
We all own it.
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我们共同拥有它。
15:02
We all have responsibility.
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我们共同承担着责任。
15:05
The fact that nobody owns it
maybe means that we can succeed.
maybe means that we can succeed.
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它并不属于仍和人的这个事实也许意味着我们会成功。
15:10
Antarctica is a moral line in the snow,
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南极是一个埋在雪里的道德线，
15:15
and on one side of that line
we should fight,
we should fight,
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在那条线的一边我们应该斗争，
15:18
fight hard for this one beautiful,
pristine place left alone on Earth.
pristine place left alone on Earth.
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为地球上这片美丽、纯净的土地斗争。
15:24
I know it's possible.
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我知道这是可能的。
15:26
We are going to do it.
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我们将会去斗争。
15:28
And I'll leave you with
these words from Goethe.
these words from Goethe.
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我将歌德说的一些话留给你们。
15:32
I've tried to live by them.
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我尝试将它们作为我的信条。
15:35
"If you can do, or dream you can,
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“如果你们可以做到，或是梦想能做到，
15:43
begin it now,
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现在就开始吧，
15:46
for boldness has genius,
power and magic in it."
power and magic in it."
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因为勇气中包含着聪慧，力量，和魔法。”
15:53
Good luck to you all.
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祝你们好运。
15:54
Thank you very much.
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非常感谢
15:56
(Applause)
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（掌声）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Robert Swan - Polar explorerRobert Swan has explored both poles, and wants to make sure that Antarctica, the world's last great wilderness, is never exploited.
Why you should listen
When Robert Swan, OBE, set foot on the North Pole in 1989, he entered the history books as the first person to walk to both poles. But the South Pole, which he had reached in 1984, inspired his life's work -- to preserve Antarctica in the face of climate change.
Swan's organization 2041 (named for the date when the world’s moratoriums on mining and drilling in Antarctica will expire) leads expeditions of the world's most influential people to the continent in hopes that it will ignite their passion for preservation. The hope: to affect real and lasting environmental policy changes.
Robert Swan | Speaker | TED.com