TEDSalon London Fall 2011
Erik Johansson: Impossible photography
艾瑞克‧強納森：不可能的攝影術
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艾瑞克‧強納森創作真實照片不可能的鏡頭—捕捉的是想法，而非瞬間。在這詼諧的指引中，這位影像處理 (Photoshop) 巫師，描述了他如何讓這些不可置信的情節成真，但仍保留視覺上的合理性。
Erik Johansson - Photographer and retoucher
Photographer Erik Johansson creates impossible but photorealistic images that capture an idea, not a moment. Full bio
Photographer Erik Johansson creates impossible but photorealistic images that capture an idea, not a moment. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
I'm here to share my photography.
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我今天來分享我的攝影。
00:19
Or is it photography?
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或者說，它算是攝影嗎?
00:22
Because, of course, this is a photograph
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因為，這顯然是一張
00:24
that you can't take with your camera.
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你無法用你的相機拍出的照片。
00:26
Yet, my interest in photography started
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我對攝影的興趣開始於
00:28
as I got my first digital camera
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我得到第一台數位相機的時候，
00:30
at the age of 15.
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在我15歲那年。
00:33
It mixed with my earlier passion for drawing,
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它結合了我之前對繪畫的熱情。
00:35
but it was a bit different,
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但它有點不同。
00:37
because using the camera,
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因為用相機時，
00:39
the process was in the planning instead.
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整個過程是在計畫中。
00:42
And when you take a photograph with a camera,
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當你用相機拍了張照片，
00:45
the process ends when you press the trigger.
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過程在你按下快門那瞬間結束。
00:49
So to me it felt like photography was more about
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所以對我來說，攝影
00:51
being at the right place and the right time.
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比較像是天時地利的配合。
00:54
I felt like anyone could do that.
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我覺得任何人都能做到。
00:57
So I wanted to create something different,
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所以我想要創造點不同的東西，
01:00
something where the process starts
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讓過程的開始
01:02
when you press the trigger.
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是在你按下快門之後。
01:05
Photos like this:
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像這樣的照片：
01:07
construction going on along a busy road.
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在繁忙的道路旁進行施工。
01:09
But it has an unexpected twist.
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但它有著意想不到的手法。
01:12
And despite that,
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除此之外，
01:14
it retains a level of realism.
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它保留某種程度的真實感。
01:17
Or photos like these --
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或者像這樣的相片—
01:20
both dark and colorful,
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同時是灰暗又色彩繽紛的，
01:23
but all with a common goal
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但都存在一個共同的目標
01:25
of retaining the level of realism.
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就是要保留某種程度的真實性。
01:27
When I say realism,
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當我說真實性，
01:29
I mean photo-realism.
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我指的是相片的真實性。
01:31
Because, of course,
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因為，當然
01:33
it's not something you can capture really,
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它不是你真的能捕捉到的鏡頭，
01:36
but I always want it to look like it could have been captured somehow
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但我總是希望讓它看起來像是可被捕捉
01:39
as a photograph.
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的一張相片。
01:41
Photos where you will need a brief moment to think
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是你會需要花點時間去思考
01:44
to figure out the trick.
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才能發現把戲的照片。
01:46
So it's more about capturing an idea
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所以這比較算是捕捉一個想法
01:48
than about capturing a moment really.
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而不單單只是捕捉一個瞬間。
01:51
But what's the trick
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但，是什麼把戲
01:53
that makes it look realistic?
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讓它看起來是真實的?
01:55
Is it something about the details
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是它的細節
01:57
or the colors?
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還是它的顏色?
01:59
Is it something about the light?
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是它的光線嗎?
02:02
What creates the illusion?
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是什麼創造了幻覺?
02:06
Sometimes the perspective is the illusion.
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有時候透視法就是幻覺。
02:09
But in the end, it comes down to how we interpret the world
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但最終，得回歸到我們如何去解讀世界
02:12
and how it can be realized on a two-dimensional surface.
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以及它如何在二維的平面上被人們理解。
02:15
It's not really what is realistic,
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它不是某種真實的東西，
02:17
it's what we think looks realistic really.
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而是我們認為看起來很真實的東西。
02:21
So I think the basics
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所以我覺得基本原理
02:23
are quite simple.
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是很簡單的。
02:25
I just see it as a puzzle of reality
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我只是把它看作是一個真實性的拼圖
02:28
where you can take different pieces of reality and put it together
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是你可以將不同的真實拼塊湊在一起
02:31
to create alternate reality.
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去創造另類的真實性。
02:34
And let me show you a simple example.
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讓我給各位看一個簡單的例子。
02:37
Here we have three perfectly imaginable physical objects,
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這裡我們有三個完全可想像到的實體物質，
02:41
something we all can relate to living in a three-dimensional world.
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那是我們活在三維世界裡都可以聯想到的。
02:44
But combined in a certain way,
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但是以一個特定的方式組合後，
02:47
they can create something that still looks three-dimensional,
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它們可以創造出某個看起來還是三維的東西，
02:51
like it could exist.
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就像它可能真的存在一樣。
02:53
But at the same time, we know it can't.
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但事實上，我們知道它不可能存在。
02:56
So we trick our brains,
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所以我們欺騙了我們的腦袋，
02:58
because our brain simply doesn't accept the fact
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因為我們的腦袋無法接受
03:00
that it doesn't really make sense.
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它是不合理的這個事實。
03:02
And I see the same process
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而我認為組合照片
03:05
with combining photographs.
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也是同樣的道理。
03:08
It's just really about combining different realities.
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它就只是組合不同的真實感。
03:12
So the things that make a photograph look realistic,
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所以讓一張照片看起來真實的那些東西，
03:16
I think it's the things that we don't even think about,
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我覺得是那些我們從不曾沒想過的，
03:19
the things all around us in our daily lives.
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那些一直存在於我們日常生活中的東西。
03:23
But when combining photographs,
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但在組合相片時，
03:25
this is really important to consider,
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仔細的思考就變得很重要，
03:27
because otherwise it just looks wrong somehow.
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因為沒弄好的話它就看起來怪怪的。
03:31
So I would like to say that there are three simple rules to follow
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所以我想告訴大家，有三個簡單的規則可以遵循
03:34
to achieve a realistic result.
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以達到一個真實的結果。
03:37
As you can see, these images aren't really special.
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就像你看到的，這些影像沒什麼特別。
03:40
But combined, they can create something like this.
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但組合後，它們可以創造出像這樣。
03:47
So the first rule is that photos combined
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所以第一個規則是，被組合的相片
03:49
should have the same perspective.
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應該要有相同的透視法。
03:51
Secondly, photos combined
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第二，被組合的相片
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should have the same type of light.
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應該要有一樣的光線。
03:56
And these two images both fulfill these two requirements --
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而這兩張相片同時符合這兩個條件—
03:59
shot at the same height and in the same type of light.
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拍照時是在同一個高度且也是同樣的光線。
04:03
The third one is about making it impossible to distinguish
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第三則是，要做得完全無縫，
04:06
where the different images begin and end
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讓人無法去辨別
04:09
by making it seamless.
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不同照片的開始和結束位置。
04:12
Make it impossible to say
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讓人無法得知
04:14
how the image actually was composed.
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這影像到底是怎麼合成的。
04:16
So by matching color, contrast and brightness
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所以藉由搭配顏色、對比及亮度
04:20
in the borders between the different images,
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在不同影像的邊界間，
04:22
adding photographic defects
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加上相片的缺陷
04:24
like depth of field,
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像是景深，
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desaturated colors and noise,
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不飽和顏色及雜色，
04:29
we erase the borders between the different images
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我們消除了不同相片間的邊界
04:31
and make it look like one single image,
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而讓它看起來像是一張照片，
04:34
despite the fact that one image
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雖然事實上這一張照片
04:36
can contain hundreds of layers basically.
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可能至少包含了上百張的圖層。
04:40
So here's another example.
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所以這是另一個例子。
04:43
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
04:45
One might think that this is just an image of a landscape
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有人可能會想說這只是張風景照
04:48
and the lower part is what's manipulated.
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而只有下半部被處理過。
04:51
But this image is actually entirely composed
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但這張相片其實是完全
04:54
of photographs from different locations.
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從各個不同地點的照片組合出來的。
04:57
I personally think that it's easier to actually create a place
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我個人認為，去創造一個地方可能還
05:00
than to find a place,
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比去找一個地方簡單些。
05:02
because then you don't need to compromise
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因為這樣你就不需要
05:04
with the ideas in your head.
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和你腦海中的想法妥協
05:06
But it does require a lot of planning.
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但它確實需要很多計劃。
05:09
And getting this idea during winter,
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在冬天的時候有了這個想法，
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I knew that I had several months to plan it,
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我知道我有好幾個月可以規劃它，
05:13
to find the different locations
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去為拼圖塊的基礎
05:15
for the pieces of the puzzle basically.
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找一些不同的地點。
05:18
So for example,
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所以舉例來說，
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the fish was captured on a fishing trip.
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這隻魚是在一個釣魚的旅途中拍到的。
05:23
The shores are from a different location.
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岸邊是從不同的地點。
05:25
The underwater part was captured in a stone pit.
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水面下的部分是在一個採石場拍到的。
05:28
And yeah, I even turned the house on top of the island red
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喔對了，我甚至把島上的房子變成紅色的
05:31
to make it look more Swedish.
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好讓它看起來更像瑞典風格。
05:34
So to achieve a realistic result,
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所以為了達到真實的結果，
05:36
I think it comes down to planning.
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我覺得還是得回歸到計劃上。
05:39
It always starts with a sketch, an idea.
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它總是從一個草稿開始，一個想法。
05:43
Then it's about combining the different photographs.
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然後就是組合不同的相片。
05:46
And here every piece is very well planned.
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而這裡的每一個部份都是事先規劃好的。
05:49
And if you do a good job capturing the photos,
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然而，如果你能拍到好照片，
05:52
the result can be quite beautiful
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結果就會很漂亮
05:54
and also quite realistic.
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而且也很真實。
05:58
So all the tools are out there,
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所以所有的工具都有了，
06:02
and the only thing that limits us
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而唯一限制住我們的
06:05
is our imagination.
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是我們的想像力。
06:09
Thank you.
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謝謝。
06:11
(Applause)
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(鼓掌)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Erik Johansson - Photographer and retoucherPhotographer Erik Johansson creates impossible but photorealistic images that capture an idea, not a moment.
Why you should listen
Erik Johansson is a self-taught photograher who learned how to retouch photos to make impossible and extraordinary images. Growing up with a grandmother who painted and a penchant for escaping into the other worlds of video games, he naturally blended the two into a technique using computers to generate images that couldn't be captured by a camera.
Erik Johansson | Speaker | TED.com