TEDGlobal 2010
Jessica Jackley: Poverty, money -- and love
Jessica Jackley: 貧窮、金錢、愛
Filmed:
Readability: 3.3
1,531,149 views
你對於窮人看法是什麼？也許和Jessica Jackley曾經認為的一樣：他們需要我們的幫忙，就算是捐出幾的銅板也好。身為Kiva.org創辦人之一的Jessica分享她態度的轉變，以及她所致力的小額貸款機構，是如何了帶給那些一天只靠幾塊錢過活的人們新的力量。
Jessica Jackley - Microlender
Jessica Jackley is the co-founder of Kiva.org, an online community that helps individuals loan small amounts of money, called microloans, to entrepreneurs throughout the world. Full bio
Jessica Jackley is the co-founder of Kiva.org, an online community that helps individuals loan small amounts of money, called microloans, to entrepreneurs throughout the world. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:16
The stories we tell about each other
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我們告訴彼此的故事
00:18
matter very much.
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是很重要的
00:21
The stories we tell ourselves about our own lives matter.
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我們說給自己聽的故事，也很重要
00:24
And most of all,
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而最重要的事
00:26
I think the way that we participate in each other's stories
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我想是我們所參予彼此的故事
00:28
is of deep importance.
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重要性更甚
00:31
I was six years old
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我六歲時
00:33
when I first heard stories about the poor.
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第一次聽到窮人的故事
00:35
Now I didn't hear those stories from the poor themselves,
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我所聽的這些窮人家的故事，並非出自窮人口中
00:37
I heard them from my Sunday school teacher
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這些故事是小時候主日學老師
00:40
and Jesus, kind of via my Sunday school teacher.
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所告訴我們的，傳達的是耶穌的訊息
00:43
I remember learning that people who were poor
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我記得我學到的是，
00:46
needed something material --
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窮人都需要物質面的東西
00:48
food, clothing, shelter -- that they didn't have.
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像是食物、衣服、收容所這些他們沒有的東西
00:50
And I also was taught, coupled with that,
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然後我又學到，除此之外
00:53
that it was my job -- this classroom full of five and six year-old children --
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我們的責任 - 我與教室其他5、6歲的小朋友的責任
00:56
it was our job, apparently, to help.
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就是幫助他們
00:58
This is what Jesus asked of us.
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這是耶穌要求我們做的
01:00
And then he said, "What you do for the least of these, you do for me."
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祂說：「你們為這些人做的，就是為我而做」
01:03
Now I was pretty psyched.
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當時我很興奮
01:05
I was very eager to be useful in the world --
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我急著想要幫忙
01:07
I think we all have that feeling.
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我們都有過那種感受
01:09
And also, it was kind of interesting that God needed help.
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還有，我覺得上帝需要幫忙這件事，還蠻有趣的
01:11
That was news to me,
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對我來說很新奇
01:13
and it felt like it was a very important thing to get to participate in.
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急著想要一起參與，覺得這事很重要
01:15
But I also learned very soon thereafter
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但我不久後就得知
01:17
that Jesus also said, and I'm paraphrasing,
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耶穌又說了，我重述
01:19
the poor would always be with us.
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貧窮會永遠伴隨我們
01:21
This frustrated and confused me;
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聽起來很困惑、挫折
01:23
I felt like I had been just given a homework assignment
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好像我剛被交付的作業
01:25
that I had to do, and I was excited to do,
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一定要完成、急著想做的作業
01:27
but no matter what I would do, I would fail.
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不管我做的怎樣，都一定會失敗
01:30
So I felt confused, a little bit frustrated and angry,
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我有點困惑、有點挫折、生氣
01:33
like maybe I'd misunderstood something here.
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好像是我自己弄錯了
01:35
And I felt overwhelmed.
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我覺得壓力好大
01:37
And for the first time,
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生平第一次
01:39
I began to fear this group of people
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我開始害怕這群人
01:41
and to feel negative emotion towards a whole group of people.
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對窮人有了負面的感受
01:44
I imagined in my head, a kind of long line of individuals
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我想像的是，一群大排長龍的人
01:47
that were never going away, that would always be with us.
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永遠擺脫不掉、離不開我們
01:49
They were always going to ask me to help them and give them things,
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他們會永遠的要我伸手幫忙、捐東西
01:52
which I was excited to do,
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我原本很興奮要做的事
01:54
but I didn't know how it was going to work.
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卻不知道應該如何動手才好
01:56
And I didn't know what would happen when I ran out of things to give,
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擔心如果我有天沒東西捐了怎麼辦
02:01
especially if the problem was never going away.
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尤其是不論如何，問題都解決不了
02:03
In the years following,
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之後幾年，
02:05
the other stories I heard about the poor growing up
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我長大後聽到關於窮人的故事
02:07
were no more positive.
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一個比一個差
02:09
For example, I saw pictures and images
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比如說，我常會看到
02:12
frequently of sadness and suffering.
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傷心、災難的照片
02:14
I heard about things that were going wrong in the lives of the poor.
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我聽說那些窮人生活上的挫折故事
02:17
I heard about disease, I heard about war --
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我聽說疾病、戰爭的故事
02:19
they always seemed to be kind of related.
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這些故事都是相關的
02:21
And in general,
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整體來講
02:23
I got this sort of idea
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我對於窮人的看法是
02:25
that the poor in the world lived lives
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他們的世界是
02:27
that were wrought with suffering and sadness,
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充滿災難、傷痛、
02:29
devastation, hopelessness.
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毀壞、絕望的
02:32
And after a while, I developed what I think many of us do,
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不久後，我開始跟很多人一樣
02:34
is this predictable response,
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有了一種制式的反應
02:36
where I started to feel bad every time I heard about them.
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當聽到他們的故事，就心生憐憫
02:39
I started to feel guilty for my own relative wealth,
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對於我相對來說的富裕，感到罪惡
02:42
because I wasn't doing more, apparently, to make things better.
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因為我沒有努力的想改善他們的生活
02:45
And I even felt a sense of shame because of that.
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也因此覺得很羞愧
02:48
And so naturally,
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自然而然的，
02:50
I started to distance myself.
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我開始建立距離
02:52
I stopped listening to their stories
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我停止聆聽他們的故事
02:54
quite as closely as I had before.
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不像以前這麼近距離接觸
02:56
And I stopped expecting things to really change.
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我也不去寄望事情會有所改變
02:59
Now I still gave -- on the outside it looked like I was still quite involved.
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我還是會捐，表面看來好像依然積極參予
03:02
I gave of my time and my money,
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我付出時間、金錢
03:04
I gave when solutions were on sale.
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解決辦法出售的時候我就買
03:06
The cost of a cup of coffee can save a child's life, right.
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像是買杯咖啡就捐幾元拯救孩童
03:08
I mean who can argue with that?
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誰會說不呢？
03:10
I gave when I was cornered, when it was difficult to avoid
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當我被逼到必須這麼做的時候
03:13
and I gave, in general, when the negative emotions built up enough
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一般來說，我還是會捐錢，因為這種負面情緒的累績
03:16
that I gave to relieve my own suffering,
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給錢，是為了不讓自己難過
03:18
not someone else's.
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而不是為了他們
03:20
The truth be told, I was giving out of that place,
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老實說，我捐錢的原因
03:23
not out of a genuine place of hope
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不是因為真的抱有希望
03:26
and excitement to help and of generosity.
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慷慨、期待的想幫助別人
03:28
It became a transaction for me,
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對我來說，這開始變成一種交易
03:30
became sort of a trade.
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以物易物
03:32
I was purchasing something --
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我用錢去買什麼東西一樣
03:34
I was buying my right to go on with my day
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我用錢買我繼續生活的權利
03:37
and not necessarily be bothered by this bad news.
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聽到負面的故事，一點都沒有影響
03:40
And I think the way that we go through that sometimes
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我想我們都經歷過這種情況
03:43
can, first of all,
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這樣首先會
03:45
disembody a group of people, individuals out there in the world.
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分解對於世界上那特定群體的形象，
03:48
And it can also turn into a commodity,
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也會將此變成一種商品
03:50
which is a very scary thing.
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這是很可怕的
03:52
So as I did this, and as I think many of us do this,
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所以我漸漸的，也許很多人都如此
03:55
we kind of buy our distance,
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用金錢買距離
03:57
we kind of buy our right to go on with our day.
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用金錢買繼續生活的權利
03:59
I think that exchange can actually get in the way of the very thing that we want most.
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我想這種交易，會阻撓我們去得到最想要的那樣東西
04:02
It can get in the way of our desire
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因為這樣會阻礙我們
04:04
to really be meaningful and useful in another person's life
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參與另一個人的生活，讓自己有意義、有用處
04:07
and, in short to love.
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簡單說，就是愛
04:10
Thankfully, a few years ago, things shifted for me
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幸運的是，幾年後事情有了轉變
04:12
because I heard this gentleman speak, Dr. Muhammad Yunus.
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因為我聽了穆罕默德‧尤努斯博士的演講
04:15
I know many in the room probably know exactly who he is,
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相信在座各位都知道他是誰
04:18
but to give the shorthand version
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對於沒聽過他演講的人
04:20
for any who have not heard him speak,
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我還是簡單介紹一下
04:22
Dr. Yunus won the Nobel Peace Prize a few years ago
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尤努斯博士幾年前獲頒諾貝爾和平獎
04:24
for his work pioneering modern microfinance.
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因為他首創的小額借款概念
04:27
When I heard him speak, it was three years before that.
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當我聽到他演講，是在他得到諾貝爾的三年前
04:30
But basically, microfinance -- if this is new to you as well --
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基本上，小額貸款，如果你首次聽到
04:33
think of that as financial services for the poor.
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是一種給窮人的財務服務
04:35
Think of all the things you get at your bank
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想想你到銀行所接受的
04:37
and imagine those products and services
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所有產品、服務
04:39
tailored to the needs of someone living on a few dollars a day.
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為這些每天只靠幾塊錢過活的人所量身打造
04:41
Dr. Yunus shared his story,
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尤努斯博士分享了他的故事
04:43
explaining what that was,
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解釋這個概念
04:45
and what he had done with his Grameen Bank.
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以及他創立的鄉村銀行(Grameen Bank)
04:47
He also talked about, in particular, microlending,
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他也特別提到了小額借款
04:49
which is a tiny loan
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就是種微型借款
04:51
that could help someone start or grow a business.
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可以幫助別人開始創業
04:53
Now, when I heard him speak, it was exciting for a number of reasons.
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當我聽到他的演講，我很興奮，有幾個原因：
04:56
First and foremost, I learned about this new method of change in the world
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首先就是，我學到一個改變世界的新方法
04:59
that, for once, showed me, maybe,
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就這次，我認為也許
05:01
a way to interact with someone
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這個和他人互動的方法
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and to give, to share of a resource in a way that wasn't weird
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這個給予、分享資源的方法並不奇怪
05:05
and didn't make me feel bad --
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並不會讓我對他們感到可憐
05:08
that was exciting.
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是很興奮的
05:10
But more importantly, he told stories about the poor
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但更重要的，他所講的窮人故事
05:13
that were different than any stories I had heard before.
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與我以前聽的截然不同
05:15
In fact, those individuals he talked about who were poor was sort of a side note.
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他所述說的這些人，好像很窮這點只是備註一樣
05:19
He was talking about strong, smart,
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他講的是關於堅強、聰明、
05:21
hardworking entrepreneurs who woke up every day
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努力的企業家，每天一起床
05:24
and were doing things to make their lives and their family's lives better.
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就做著那些會改變他與家人生活的事
05:27
All they needed to do that more quickly and to do it better
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他們所需要讓事情好辦一點的方法
05:30
was a little bit of capital.
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就是一點資本而已
05:32
It was an amazing sort of insight for me.
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這對我來說是很棒的領悟
05:34
And I, in fact, was so deeply moved by this --
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事實上，我真是深受感動
05:36
it's hard to express now how much that affected me --
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很難用言語表達
05:39
but I was so moved that I actually quit my job a few weeks later,
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我感動到幾週後便辭去工作
05:42
and I moved to East Africa
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並搬到非洲東部
05:44
to try to see for myself what this was about.
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去看看到底是怎麼一回事
05:46
For the first time, actually, in a long time
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很久以來的第一次
05:48
I wanted to meet those individuals, I wanted to meet these entrepreneurs,
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我想與這些人見面，我想見見這些企業家
05:51
and see for myself what their lives were actually about.
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親眼看看他們的生活是什麼樣貌
05:54
So I spent three months in Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania
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我在肯亞、烏干達、坦尚尼亞待了三個月
05:57
interviewing entrepreneurs that had received 100 dollars
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與那些借了一百美元的企業家面談
05:59
to start or grow a business.
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他們用這些錢創業的過程
06:01
And in fact, through those interactions,
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事實上，透過與他們的互動
06:03
for the first time, I was starting to get to be friends
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生平第一次，我開始與這些人交朋友
06:05
with some of those people in that big amorphous group out there
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這些毫無組織的廣大群體
06:08
that was supposed to be far away.
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照理說應該離我們很遙遠
06:11
I was starting to be friends and get to know their personal stories.
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我開始和他們做朋友，聆聽他們的故事
06:14
And over and over again,
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一次又一次的
06:16
as I interviewed them and spent my days with them,
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我與他們對談、相處
06:18
I did hear stories of life change
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我聽到關於生命改變的故事
06:20
and amazing little details of change.
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多麼美妙的細微轉變
06:22
So I would hear from goat herders
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我聽牧羊人述說他們的故事
06:24
who had used that money that they had received to buy a few more goats.
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他們是如何用借到的錢去多買幾隻羊
06:27
Their business trajectory would change.
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事業發展是如何改變
06:29
They would make a little bit more money;
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然後可以賺點錢
06:31
their standard of living
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他們的生存標準
06:33
would shift and would get better.
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開始漸漸提升
06:35
And they would make really interesting little adjustments in their lives,
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他們開始對自己生活做出轉變
06:38
like they would start to send their children to school.
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像是有錢送孩子到學校上課、
06:40
They might be able to buy mosquito nets.
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有能力買蚊帳、
06:42
Maybe they could afford a lock for the door and feel secure.
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或許加個門鎖，會比較安心
06:45
Maybe it was just that they could put sugar in their tea
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又或許是在我登門拜訪時
06:47
and offer that to me when I came as their guest
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替我的茶加顆糖
06:49
and that made them feel proud.
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這對他們來說是很驕傲的
06:51
But there were these beautiful details, even if I talked to 20 goat herders in a row,
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這些都是很美妙的瑣事，就算我連續和20位牧羊人聊天--
06:54
and some days that's what happened --
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有時候我就真的這樣做--
06:56
these beautiful details of life change
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這些關於生活轉變的枝節
06:58
that were meaningful to them.
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對他們來說都是極具意義的
07:00
That was another thing that really touched me.
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感動我的另一件事就是
07:02
It was really humbling to see for the first time,
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第一次，我非常謙遜的
07:04
to really understand
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去真的了解到
07:06
that even if I could have taken a magic wand and fixed everything,
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就算我有魔法，揮一揮魔杖就可以讓一切變好
07:09
I probably would have gotten a lot wrong.
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我可能也做不到這樣的程度
07:11
Because the best way for people to change their lives
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因為要人們改變生活最好的方法
07:14
is for them to have control and to do that in a way that they believe is best for them.
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就是讓他們掌握自己的人生，做他們深信對自己有益的事
07:17
So I saw that and it was very humbling.
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看到那樣的景像，我感到很卑微
07:20
Anyway, another interesting thing happened while I was there.
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總之，我在那發生的另一件趣事就是
07:23
I never once was asked for a donation,
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從沒有向我要求捐款
07:26
which had kind of been my mode, right.
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我本來是想說
07:28
There's poverty, you give money to help --
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哪裡有窮人，錢就丟哪裡
07:30
no one asked me for a donation.
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但並沒人要我捐錢
07:32
In fact, no one wanted me to feel bad for them at all.
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事實上，沒有人想要我的憐憫
07:35
If anything, they just wanted to be able to do more of what they were doing already
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要說的話，他們只想要做他們已經會的事情
07:37
and to build on their own capabilities.
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並建立他們的能力
07:39
So what I did hear, once in a while,
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我在那邊遇到的
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was that people wanted a loan --
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偶爾有人希望借款
07:43
I thought that sounded very reasonable and really exciting.
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我覺得這真是很合理也很興奮
07:46
And by the way, I was a philosophy and poetry major in school,
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對了，我大學主修哲學和詩選
07:49
so I didn't know the difference between profit and revenue when I went to East Africa.
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所以我到非洲東部前，根本不曉得利益和收入有什麼不同
07:52
I just got this impression that the money would work.
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我的概念就是，錢可以解決事情
07:55
And my introduction to business
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開始接觸商業
07:57
was in these $100 little infuses of capital.
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是從這些百元鈔開始的
08:00
And I learned about profit and revenue, about leverage, all sorts of things,
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開始學到利益、收入、籌碼之類的
08:03
from farmers, from seamstresses, from goat herders.
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是從農夫、裁縫師、牧羊人身上學到的
08:06
So this idea
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所以這想法
08:08
that these new stories of business and hope
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這些關於事業、希望的故事
08:11
might be shared with my friends and family,
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可以看我的親朋好友分享
08:13
and through that, maybe we could get some of the money that they needed
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透過分享，我們就能夠籌出資金
08:17
to be able to continue their businesses as loans,
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以貸款方式幫助他們事業發展
08:20
that's this little idea that turned into Kiva.
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就是這想法創造了Kiva
08:22
A few months later, I went back to Uganda
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幾個月後，我回到烏干達
08:24
with a digital camera and a basic website
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帶了數位相機，架了個網站
08:27
that my partner, Matthew, and I had kind of built,
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我的另一半Matthew和我一起弄的
08:29
and took pictures of seven of my new friends,
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並和我的七個新朋友拍了張照
08:32
posted their stories, these stories of entrepreneurship, up on the website,
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將他們的創業故事放到網站上
08:36
spammed friends and family and said, "We think this is legal.
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瘋狂寄信給親友，跟他們說「這應該是合法的」
08:38
Haven't heard back yet from SEC on all the details,
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「證交會(SEC)沒人說不行」
08:41
but do you say, do you want to help participate in this,
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「你們覺得呢？要不要一起參與」
08:43
provide the money that they need?"
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「提供他們借款」
08:45
The money came in basically overnight.
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資金一夕間就湧了進來
08:47
We sent it over to Uganda.
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我們寄到烏干達
08:49
And over the next six months, a beautiful thing happened;
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半年後，一件很美妙的事情發生了
08:51
the entrepreneurs received the money,
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這些企業家們收到貸款
08:53
they were paid, and their businesses, in fact, grew,
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之後他們的事業開始成長
08:56
and they were able to support themselves
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他們有辦法自立自強
08:58
and change the trajectory of their lives.
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然後改變生活型態
09:01
In October of '05,
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2005年十月的時候
09:03
after those first seven loans were paid,
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第一批的七個貸款都還清後
09:05
Matt and I took the word beta off of the site.
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我和Matt將網站的"試用版"字樣移除
09:07
We said, "Our little experiment has been a success.
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我們告訴自己「實驗是成功的」
09:09
Let's start for real." That was our official launch.
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「該開始玩真的了」之後就是第一次上市
09:12
And then that first year, October '05 through '06,
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之後的第一年，2005十月到2006年同月
09:14
Kiva facilitated $500,000 in loans.
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Kiva共借出五十萬貸款
09:17
The second year, it was a total of 15 million.
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第二年，增加到1500萬
09:20
The third year, the total was up to around 40.
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第三年，總數約到四千萬
09:22
The fourth year, we were just short of 100.
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第四年則將近一億
09:24
And today, less than five years in,
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今天，成立未滿五年
09:26
Kiva's facilitated
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Kiva共借出
09:28
more than 150 million dollars, in little 25-dollar bits,
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超過一億五千萬，都是25元小筆累積而成
09:31
from lenders and entrepreneurs --
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從債主、企業家身上放款
09:33
more than a million of those, collectively in 200 countries.
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有超過一百萬個債主，來自兩百多個國家
09:35
So that's where Kiva is today, just to bring you right up to the present.
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這就是Kiva目前的狀況，先向各位報告
09:38
And while those numbers and those statistics
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雖然這些數字、數據
09:40
are really fun to talk about and they're interesting,
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報告起來很有趣好玩
09:43
to me, Kiva's really about stories.
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對我而言，Kiva其實是關於故事的
09:46
It's about retelling
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是關於重述
09:48
the story of the poor,
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窮人的故事
09:50
and it's about giving ourselves
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這是給自己
09:52
an opportunity to engage
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一個機會去
09:54
that validates their dignity,
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驗證他們的尊嚴
09:56
validates a partnership relationship,
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驗證一種合夥關係
09:58
not a relationship that's based
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而不是基於傳統
10:00
on the traditional sort of donor beneficiary
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捐、受款人的關係
10:03
weirdness that can happen.
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那種關係是很不同的
10:05
But instead a relationship that can promote respect
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而這些關係可以促進彼此尊重
10:08
and hope
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希望、
10:10
and this optimism
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以及樂觀的態度
10:12
that together we can move forward.
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彼此合作就能向前邁進的態度
10:15
So what I hope is that,
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所以我希望
10:17
not only can the money keep flowing forth through Kiva --
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在Kiva流動的不只是金錢而已
10:19
that's a very positive and meaningful thing --
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還有更正向、有意義的故事
10:21
but I hope Kiva can blur those lines, like I said,
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但我希望Kiva能模糊那些界線，如我所說
10:23
between the traditional rich and poor categories
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那些傳統上我們所學到，關於世上
10:25
that we're taught to see in the world,
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窮人、富人的界線－
10:27
this false dichotomy of us and them, have and have not.
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這種我們/他們、有錢/沒錢的二分法
10:30
I hope that Kiva can blur those lines.
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我希望Kiva能模糊那些界線
10:32
Because as that happens,
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因為如此的話
10:34
I think we can feel free to interact
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我想我們能自在的彼此互動
10:36
in a way that's more open, more just and more creative,
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以更開放、更公平、更有創意的方式
10:39
to engage with each other and to help each other.
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來參與彼此的生活，並互相幫助
10:42
Imagine how you feel
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想像一下
10:44
when you see somebody on street who is begging
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你看見路上向你行乞的乞丐
10:47
and you're about to approach them.
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而你正走向他
10:49
Imagine how you feel;
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想像一下你的感受
10:51
and then imagine the difference when you might see somebody
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再想像一下你看見一個人
10:53
who has a story of entrepreneurship and hard work
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他有著創業、努力的故事
10:56
who wants to tell you about their business.
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想要告訴你他們的事業
10:59
Maybe they're smiling, and they want to talk to you about what they've done.
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也許他們正微笑著，想告訴你他們的成就
11:02
Imagine if you're speaking with somebody
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想像與你說話的人是
11:04
who's growing things and making them flourish,
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種著農作物的人、
11:07
somebody who's using their talents
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用他們的天份去
11:10
to do something productive,
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創造生產力的人、
11:12
somebody who's built their own business from scratch,
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白手起家的人、
11:15
someone who is surrounded by abundance,
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身邊是富足
11:17
not scarcity,
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而非不足的人、
11:19
who's in fact creating abundance,
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甚至是創造富足的人、
11:21
somebody with full hands with something to offer,
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雙手拿的是可以與你分享的東西、
11:24
not empty hands
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而非空手
11:26
asking for you to give them something.
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向你要東西的人
11:29
Imagine if you could hear a story you didn't expect
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想像一個令你意外的故事
11:31
of somebody who wakes up every day
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是由一個每天醒來
11:33
and works very, very hard to make their life better.
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就很努力改善生活的人說出來的
11:36
These stories can really change the way that we think about each other.
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這些故事能真的改變我們對彼此的看法
11:39
And if we can catalyze
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如果我們能催生出
11:41
a supportive community to come around these individuals
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一個能夠支持他們的社群
11:44
and to participate in their story
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然後參與他們的故事
11:46
by lending a little bit of money,
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藉由一點的貸款
11:48
I think that can change the way we believe in each other
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我想這能改變我們相信彼此的方式
11:50
and each other's potential.
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相信彼此潛力的方式
11:52
Now for me, Kiva is just the beginning.
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對我來說，Kiva只是剛起步
11:54
And as I look forward to what is next,
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而我期待接下來的發展
11:56
it's been helpful to reflect on the things I've learned so far.
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我很期待將我目前所學的拿來應用
11:59
The first one is, as I mentioned, entrepreneurship was a new idea to me.
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第一，如之前所提，創業精神對我而言是種新概念
12:02
Kiva borrowers, as I interviewed them and got to know them over the last few years,
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向Kiva貸款的人，在我與他們的對談、相處中
12:05
have taught me what entrepreneurship is.
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教會了我什麼是創業精神
12:07
And I think, at its core, it's deciding that you want your life to be better.
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其實，最根本的，就是決定要做些什麼讓生活更完好
12:10
You see an opportunity
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你看到了機會
12:12
and you decide what you're going to do to try to seize that.
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然後決定該做出什麼事去把握它
12:14
In short, it's deciding that tomorrow can better than today
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簡單說，就是決定明天一定比今天更好
12:16
and going after that.
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以此為目標
12:18
Second thing that I've learned is that loans are a very interesting tool for connectivity.
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我學到的第二件事就是，貸款是促進彼此連結很有趣的工具
12:21
So they're not a donation.
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所以這非關捐款
12:23
Yeah, maybe it doesn't sound that much different.
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也許聽起來沒什麼不同
12:25
But in fact, when you give something to someone
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但事實上，當你給別人某樣東西
12:27
and they say, "Thanks," and let you know how things go,
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然後他們說聲謝謝，並讓你知道後續
12:29
that's one thing.
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是一回事
12:31
When you lend them money, and they slowly pay you back over time,
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當你借他們錢，而他們慢慢的還款
12:34
you have this excuse to have an ongoing dialogue.
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你便有了彼此溝通的藉口
12:36
This continued attention -- this ongoing attention --
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這種連續性的注意力
12:38
is a really big deal
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在建造彼此間
12:40
to build different kinds of relationships among us.
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不同關係的時候是非常重要的
12:43
And then third, from what I've heard from the entrepreneurs I've gotten to know,
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第三，我從這些企業家身上得知的
12:46
when all else is equal,
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就是當一切都平等
12:48
given the option to have just money to do what you need to do,
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你能選擇：有足夠資金開創事業
12:51
or money plus the support and encouragement
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或是資金加支持、鼓勵
12:54
of a global community,
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全球社群的鼓勵
12:56
people choose the community plus the money.
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我們當然選社群加資金
12:58
That's a much more meaningful combination, a more powerful combination.
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這是更有意義、更有力量的組合
13:01
So with that in mind, this particular incident
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因為這想法，偶然的情況下
13:03
has led to the things that I'm working on now.
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我開始了現在的計畫
13:06
I see entrepreneurs everywhere now, now that I'm tuned into this.
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好像中邪一樣，我到處都看到企業家
13:08
And one thing that I've seen
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我還看到
13:10
is there are a lot of supportive communities that already exist in the world.
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世界上還有很多能提供支持的社群
13:12
With social networks,
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有了社群網路
13:14
it's an amazing way, growing the number of people that we all have around us
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這些週遭能提供支持的人，便能以驚人的方式
13:17
in our own supportive communities, rapidly.
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快速成長
13:20
And so, as I have been thinking about this,
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所以我就開始想
13:22
I've been wondering: how can we engage these supportive communities
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我們怎麼讓這些充滿支持的社群
13:25
to catalyze even more entrepreneurial ideas
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催生出更多企業家點子
13:27
and to catalyze all of us
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如何催生出
13:29
to make tomorrow better than today?
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更好的明天？
13:32
As I've researched what's going on in the United States,
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當我研究美國的情形
13:34
a few interesting little insights have come up.
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發現到一些很有趣的事
13:36
So one is that, of course, as we all might expect,
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當然，第一就是，我們都以為
13:39
many small businesses in the U.S. and all over the world
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美國及其他國家的很多小企業
13:41
still need money to grow and to do more of what they want to do
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仍需要資金，才能讓企業成長
13:44
or they might need money during a hard month.
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或是難關的時候需要一點幫助
13:46
But there's always a need for resources close by.
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但總是需要一點資源
13:49
Another thing is, it turns out,
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另一點就是，我發現
13:51
those resources don't usually come from the places you might expect --
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這些資源通常都不是來自你認為的地方
13:54
banks, venture capitalists,
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銀行、風險資本家
13:56
other organizations and support structures --
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或是其他類似機構
13:58
they come from friends and family.
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而是來自親朋好友
14:00
Some statistics say 85 percent or more of funding for small businesses
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數據顯示，小企業的資金來源有85%以上
14:02
comes from friends and family.
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是來自朋友、家庭
14:04
That's around 130 billion dollars a year --
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這是一年將近1300億的數目
14:06
it's a lot.
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非常可觀
14:08
And third, so as people are doing this friends and family fundraising process,
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第三，向親友募款的過程
14:11
it's very awkward, people don't know exactly what to ask for,
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是很尷尬的，因為人們不知道如何開口、
14:13
how to ask, what to promise in return,
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如何借錢、如何承諾還錢，
14:15
even though they have the best of intentions
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就算他們是真心的
14:17
and want to thank those people that are supporting them.
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想感謝這些支持他們的人
14:20
So to harness the power of these supportive communities in a new way
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為了重新定位這些支持性的社群
14:23
and to allow entrepreneurs to decide for themselves
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以及讓企業家自行決定
14:25
exactly what that financial exchange should look like,
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他們的財務條件如何設定
14:27
exactly what fits them and the people around them,
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怎樣做對他們最合適
14:30
this week actually,
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其實這禮拜
14:32
we're quietly doing a launch of Profounder,
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我們的Profounder將悄悄上市
14:34
which is a crowd funding platform for small businesses to raise what they need
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Profounder是個讓小企業藉由親友的投資
14:37
through investments from their friends and family.
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來募資的群體資金平台
14:39
And it's investments, not donations, not loans,
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這是種投資，不是捐款、貸款
14:41
but investments that have a dynamic return.
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而是有多元回饋的投資
14:43
So the mapping of participating in the story,
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隨著故事參與性多寡
14:45
it actually flows with the up and down.
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它其實是上下起伏的
14:47
So in short, it's a do-it-yourself tool
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簡單說，就是種DIY工具
14:50
for small businesses to raise these funds.
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給小企業募款的工具
14:52
And what you can do is go onto the site, create a profile,
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你要做的就是上到網站，建立個人資料
14:55
create investment terms in a really easy way.
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設立投資條件，就這麼簡單
14:57
We make it really, really simple for me
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我們將網站設計得很簡單
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as well as anyone else who wants to use the site.
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對我、對其他人來說都方便使用
15:01
And we allow entrepreneurs to share a percentage of their revenues.
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我們讓企業家分享自己收入的一部份
15:03
They can raise up to a million dollars
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他們可以湊到百萬資金
15:05
from an unlimited number of unaccredited, unsophisticated investors --
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不設限的金額，可以從匿名、單純的投資人－－
15:08
everyday people, heaven forbid --
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甚至只是平凡人身上借錢
15:10
and they can share those returns over time --
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他們可以慢慢還款
15:12
again, whatever terms they set.
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條件自己設定
15:14
As investors choose to become involved
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投資者藉由設定的條件
15:16
based on those terms,
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選擇介入的程度
15:18
they can either take their rewards back as cash,
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他們可以選擇用現金回收
15:20
or they can decide in advance
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或可以決定將這筆錢
15:22
to give those returns away to a non-profit.
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捐給慈善機構
15:24
So they can be a cash, or a cause, investor.
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投資人可以收現金或行善
15:27
It's my hope that this kind of tool can show anybody who has an idea
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我希望這種工具能給有想法的人
15:30
a path to go do what they want to do in the world
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一條實現夢想的道路
15:32
and to gather the people around them that they already have,
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並將身邊的人聚在一起
15:34
the people that know them best
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這些了解他們的人
15:36
and that love them and want to support them,
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以及愛他們、想支持他們的人
15:38
to gather them to make this happen.
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聚在一起讓一切變得可能
15:40
So that's what I'm working on now.
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這就是我所努力的
15:42
And to close, I just want to say, look these are tools.
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最後作結，我想說的是，這些只是工具
15:44
Right now, Profounder's right at the very beginning,
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目前，Profounder只是剛起步
15:46
and it's very palpable; it's very clear to me, that it's just a vessel, it's just a tool.
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對我來說，很清楚的，它只是工具而已
15:49
What we need are for people to care, to actually go use it,
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我們需要的，是人們的關心，去運用那關心
15:52
just like they've cared enough to use Kiva
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就像他們在乎到會想用Kiva
15:54
to make those connections.
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做出與他人的連結
15:56
But the good news is I don't think I need to stand here and convince you to care --
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好消息是，我不需要站在台上，呼籲你們去關心
15:58
I'm not even going to try.
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連試都不用試
16:00
I don't think, even though we often hear,
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就算我們常聽到那些
16:02
you know, hear the ethical and moral reasons,
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倫理、道德、
16:04
the religious reasons,
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宗教理由
16:06
"Here's why caring and giving will make you happier."
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「幫助別人會更快樂」之類的理由
16:09
I don't think we need to be convinced of that. I think we know;
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我想我們已經都很明白
16:12
in fact, I think we know so much,
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事實上，正因為我們懂很多
16:14
and it's such a reality
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才能夠
16:16
that we care so deeply,
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這麼的在乎
16:18
that in fact, what usually stops us
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通常讓我們停止努力的
16:20
is that we're afraid to try and to mess up,
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就是因為我們怕失敗
16:22
because we care so very much about helping each other
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因為我們如此在乎
16:24
and being meaningful in each other's lives.
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想在他人生活中扮演有意義的角色
16:27
So what I think I can do today,
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我今天所能做的
16:30
that best thing I can give you --
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所能給你們的就是
16:32
I've given you my story, which is the best I can do.
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我已分享了我的故事，這是我至少能做的
16:34
And I think I can remind us that we do care.
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我想我能提醒各位，我們都在乎
16:37
I think we all already know that.
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我們都自知
16:39
And I think we know that love is resilient enough
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愛是多麼的有彈性
16:42
for us to get out there and try.
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能讓我們重新再嘗試
16:45
Just a sec.
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不好意思
16:51
(Applause)
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(掌聲)
16:53
Thanks.
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謝謝
16:55
(Applause)
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(掌聲)
17:05
Thanks.
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謝謝
17:07
(Applause)
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(掌聲)
17:09
For me, the best way to be inspired to try
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對我來說，得到啟發最好的方法
17:12
is to stop and to listen
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就是停下來聆聽
17:14
to someone else's story.
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其他人的故事
17:16
And I'm grateful that I've gotten to do that here at TED.
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我很感激有這個機會站上TED舞台
17:19
And I'm grateful that whenever I do that,
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我很珍惜這種機會
17:22
guaranteed, I am inspired --
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因為我能保證受到啟發
17:24
I am inspired by the person I am listening to.
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我受到我所聆聽的人的啟發
17:27
And I believe more and more every time I listen
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我相信，我聽的越多
17:30
in that that person's potential to do great things in the world
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聽到那些有人能對於世上的貢獻
17:33
and in my own potential to maybe help.
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以及我自己所能幫忙的
17:36
And that --
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然後
17:38
forget the tools, forget the moving around of resources --
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忘了工具、忘了資源 --
17:40
that stuff's easy.
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因為這些都簡單
17:42
Believing in each other,
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相信彼此吧
17:44
really being sure when push comes to shove
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孤注一擲時如此深信
17:46
that each one of us can do amazing things in the world,
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我們每個人都有能力做非凡的事
17:49
that is what can make our stories into love stories
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這讓我們的故事變成愛的故事、
17:52
and our collective story
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我們共有的故事
17:54
into one that continually perpetuates hope
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然後延續希望
17:56
and good things for all of us.
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以及身邊美好的事
17:58
So that, this belief in each other,
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所以，相信彼此
18:00
knowing that without a doubt
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對此深信不疑
18:02
and practicing that every day in whatever you do,
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每天不論做什麼都抱這個信念
18:04
that's what I believe will change the world and make tomorrow better than today.
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這就是我所相信能改變世界，讓世界更美好的方法
18:07
Thank you.
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謝謝大家
18:09
(Applause)
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(掌聲)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Jessica Jackley - MicrolenderJessica Jackley is the co-founder of Kiva.org, an online community that helps individuals loan small amounts of money, called microloans, to entrepreneurs throughout the world.
Why you should listen
Seven years ago, Jessica Jackley heard a speech by Grameen Bank founder Muhammad Yunus, an economist from Bangladesh who had developed the idea of microcredit: loans offered to entrepreneurs too poor to qualify for traditional bank loans. She says, "I was so completely blown away by the idea that I quit my job, dropped everything and moved to East Africa to help." In late 2005 she co-founded Kiva.org with Matt Flannery.
Kiva uses a peer-to-peer model in which lenders sort through profiles of potential borrowers -- be they a farmer in Cambodia, a pharmacist in Sierra Leone, or a shopkeeper in Mongolia -- and make loans to those they find most appealing. The minimum loan is $25, and the interest rate is 0%. The repayment rate for loans is more than 98%, Jackley says, and since the group was founded almost 700,000 people have pledged $128 million in loans to more than 325,000 people. Jackley's latest project is ProFounder, a new platform that helps small businesses in the United States access startup funding through community investing.
Jessica Jackley | Speaker | TED.com