TEDGlobal 2010
Jessica Jackley: Poverty, money -- and love
Jessica Jackley: Revščina, denar -- in ljubezen
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Kaj si mislite o ljudeh v revščini? Mogoče, kar si je nekoč mislila Jessica Jackley: "oni" potrebujejo "našo" pomoč v obliki nekaj kovancev v kozarcu. Soustanoviteljica Kiva.org govori o tem, kako se je spremenil njen odnos -- in kako je njeno delo z mikroposojili prineslo novo moč ljudem, ki živijo z nekaj dolarji na dan.
Jessica Jackley - Microlender
Jessica Jackley is the co-founder of Kiva.org, an online community that helps individuals loan small amounts of money, called microloans, to entrepreneurs throughout the world. Full bio
Jessica Jackley is the co-founder of Kiva.org, an online community that helps individuals loan small amounts of money, called microloans, to entrepreneurs throughout the world. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:16
The stories we tell about each other
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Zgodbe, ki jih pripovedujemo o nas,
00:18
matter very much.
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so zelo pomembne.
00:21
The stories we tell ourselves about our own lives matter.
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Zgodbe, ki jih pripovedujemo sebi o svojih lastnih življenjih, so pomembne.
00:24
And most of all,
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Mislim pa,
00:26
I think the way that we participate in each other's stories
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da je najbolj pomembno,
00:28
is of deep importance.
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kako smo udeleženi v zgodbah drug drugega.
00:31
I was six years old
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Stara sem bila šest let,
00:33
when I first heard stories about the poor.
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ko sem prvič slišala zgodbe o revnih.
00:35
Now I didn't hear those stories from the poor themselves,
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Teh zgodb nisem slišala od revnih samih,
00:37
I heard them from my Sunday school teacher
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slišala sem jih od učitelja verouka
00:40
and Jesus, kind of via my Sunday school teacher.
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in Jezusa, na nek način skozi učitelja verouka.
00:43
I remember learning that people who were poor
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Spominjam se, da sem se naučila, da revni ljudje
00:46
needed something material --
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potrebujejo nekaj materialnega --
00:48
food, clothing, shelter -- that they didn't have.
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hrano, obleko, zatočišče -- česar nimajo.
00:50
And I also was taught, coupled with that,
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Hkrati s tem so me naučili tudi,
00:53
that it was my job -- this classroom full of five and six year-old children --
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da je moja naloga -- razreda polnega 5- in 6-letnih otrok --
00:56
it was our job, apparently, to help.
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da je naša naloga, očitno, da pomagamo.
00:58
This is what Jesus asked of us.
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To je Jezus zahteval od nas.
01:00
And then he said, "What you do for the least of these, you do for me."
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In potem je rekel: "Kar naredite za najmanjšega od teh, naredite zame."
01:03
Now I was pretty psyched.
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Bila sem precej vznemirjena.
01:05
I was very eager to be useful in the world --
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Zelo sem bila vneta, da bi bila koristna na svetu.
01:07
I think we all have that feeling.
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Mislim, da imamo vsi ta občutek.
01:09
And also, it was kind of interesting that God needed help.
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Bilo pa je tudi zanimivo, da bog potrebuje pomoč.
01:11
That was news to me,
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To je bilo nekaj novega zame
01:13
and it felt like it was a very important thing to get to participate in.
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in zdelo se je, da je zelo pomembno, da pri tem sodelujem.
01:15
But I also learned very soon thereafter
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Kmalu po tem pa sem se naučila tudi,
01:17
that Jesus also said, and I'm paraphrasing,
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da je Jezus rekel tudi, parafraziram,
01:19
the poor would always be with us.
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da bodo revni vedno z nami.
01:21
This frustrated and confused me;
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To me je frustriralo in zmedlo.
01:23
I felt like I had been just given a homework assignment
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Počutila sem se, kot da bi pravkar dobila domačo nalogo,
01:25
that I had to do, and I was excited to do,
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ki jo moram narediti in sem si jo želela narediti,
01:27
but no matter what I would do, I would fail.
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vendar mi, ne glede na to, kar bom naredila, ne bo uspelo.
01:30
So I felt confused, a little bit frustrated and angry,
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Zato sem se počutila zmedeno, rahlo frustrirano in jezno,
01:33
like maybe I'd misunderstood something here.
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kot da nečesa nisem razumela.
01:35
And I felt overwhelmed.
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Počutila sem se premagano.
01:37
And for the first time,
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In tako sem se prvič
01:39
I began to fear this group of people
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začela bati te skupine ljudi
01:41
and to feel negative emotion towards a whole group of people.
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in čutiti negativna čustva do cele skupine ljudi.
01:44
I imagined in my head, a kind of long line of individuals
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V glavi sem si predstavljala dolgo vrsto posameznikov,
01:47
that were never going away, that would always be with us.
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ki ne bodo nikoli šli stran, ki bodo vedno z nami.
01:49
They were always going to ask me to help them and give them things,
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Vedno me bodo prosili, da jim pomagam in dajem stvari,
01:52
which I was excited to do,
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kar sem si tudi želela,
01:54
but I didn't know how it was going to work.
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vendar nisem vedela, kako bo to delovalo.
01:56
And I didn't know what would happen when I ran out of things to give,
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In nisem vedela, kaj se bo zgodilo, ko mi bo zmanjkalo stvari za dajanje,
02:01
especially if the problem was never going away.
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še posebej, če težava nikoli ne bo šla stran.
02:03
In the years following,
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V letih, ki so sledila,
02:05
the other stories I heard about the poor growing up
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zgodbe, ki sem jih med odraščanjem slišala o revnih,
02:07
were no more positive.
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niso bile nič bolj pozitivne.
02:09
For example, I saw pictures and images
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Na primer, pogosto sem videla slike in podobe
02:12
frequently of sadness and suffering.
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žalosti in trpljenja.
02:14
I heard about things that were going wrong in the lives of the poor.
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Slišala sem o stvareh, ki gredo narobe v življenjih revnih.
02:17
I heard about disease, I heard about war --
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Slišala sem o bolezni. Slišala sem o vojni.
02:19
they always seemed to be kind of related.
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Vedno so se zdele nekako povezane.
02:21
And in general,
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In na splošno
02:23
I got this sort of idea
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sem dobila neke vrste idejo,
02:25
that the poor in the world lived lives
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da revni na svetu živijo življenja,
02:27
that were wrought with suffering and sadness,
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ki so obdana s trpljenjem in žalostjo,
02:29
devastation, hopelessness.
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opustošenjem, brezupom.
02:32
And after a while, I developed what I think many of us do,
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In čez nekaj časa sem razvila, kot mislim, da mnogi,
02:34
is this predictable response,
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ta predvidljiv odziv,
02:36
where I started to feel bad every time I heard about them.
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ko sem se začela počutiti slabo vsakič, ko sem slišala o njih.
02:39
I started to feel guilty for my own relative wealth,
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Počutila sem se krivo zaradi svojega relativnega bogastva,
02:42
because I wasn't doing more, apparently, to make things better.
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ker očitno nisem počela več, da bi izboljšala stvari.
02:45
And I even felt a sense of shame because of that.
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Zaradi tega sem imela celo občutek sramu.
02:48
And so naturally,
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In tako sem se seveda
02:50
I started to distance myself.
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začela distancirati.
02:52
I stopped listening to their stories
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Nehala sem poslušati njihove zgodbe
02:54
quite as closely as I had before.
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tako pozorno, kot sem jih prej.
02:56
And I stopped expecting things to really change.
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In nehala sem pričakovati, da se bodo stvari resnično spremenile.
02:59
Now I still gave -- on the outside it looked like I was still quite involved.
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No, še vedno sem dajala. Na zunaj je izgledalo, kot da sem še vedno zelo angažirana.
03:02
I gave of my time and my money,
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Dajala sem svoj čas in svoj denar.
03:04
I gave when solutions were on sale.
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Dajala sem, ko so bile rešitve na razprodaji.
03:06
The cost of a cup of coffee can save a child's life, right.
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Cena skodelice kave lahko reši življenje otroka, prav.
03:08
I mean who can argue with that?
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Mislim, kdo lahko temu nasprotuje?
03:10
I gave when I was cornered, when it was difficult to avoid
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Dajala sem, ko sem bila stisnjena v kot, ko se je bilo težko izogniti,
03:13
and I gave, in general, when the negative emotions built up enough
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in dajala sem, na splošno, ko se je nabralo dovolj negativnih čustev,
03:16
that I gave to relieve my own suffering,
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da sem dajala, da bi omilila lastno trpljenje,
03:18
not someone else's.
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ne trpljenje koga drugega.
03:20
The truth be told, I was giving out of that place,
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Če sem iskrena, sem dajala samo zaradi tega,
03:23
not out of a genuine place of hope
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ne zaradi pravega upanja
03:26
and excitement to help and of generosity.
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in vznemirjenja zaradi pomaganja in velikodušnosti.
03:28
It became a transaction for me,
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Zame je to postala transakcija,
03:30
became sort of a trade.
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neke vrste trgovina.
03:32
I was purchasing something --
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Nekaj sem kupovala.
03:34
I was buying my right to go on with my day
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Kupovala sem si pravico, da nadaljujem s svojim življenjem,
03:37
and not necessarily be bothered by this bad news.
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ne da bi se vznemirjala zaradi teh slabih novic.
03:40
And I think the way that we go through that sometimes
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In mislim, da način, kako včasih gremo skozi to,
03:43
can, first of all,
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lahko, v prvi vrsti,
03:45
disembody a group of people, individuals out there in the world.
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raztelesi skupino ljudi, posameznike tam zunaj v svetu.
03:48
And it can also turn into a commodity,
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Lahko pa se spremeni tudi v blago,
03:50
which is a very scary thing.
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kar je zelo zastrašujoče.
03:52
So as I did this, and as I think many of us do this,
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In ko sem to počela, in mislim da nas veliko počne to,
03:55
we kind of buy our distance,
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na nek način si kupimo distanco,
03:57
we kind of buy our right to go on with our day.
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na nek način si kupimo pravico, da živimo svoje življenje.
03:59
I think that exchange can actually get in the way of the very thing that we want most.
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In mislim, da je ta izmenjava dejansko lahko v napoto stvari, ki si jo najbolj želimo.
04:02
It can get in the way of our desire
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Lahko zavira naše hrepenenje,
04:04
to really be meaningful and useful in another person's life
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da smo pomembni in koristni v življenju drugega
04:07
and, in short to love.
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in da, na kratko, ljubimo.
04:10
Thankfully, a few years ago, things shifted for me
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Na srečo so se pred nekaj leti stvari zame spremenile,
04:12
because I heard this gentleman speak, Dr. Muhammad Yunus.
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ker sem slišala govor tega gospoda, dr. Muhammada Yunusa.
04:15
I know many in the room probably know exactly who he is,
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Vem, da vas mnogo tukaj točno ve, kdo je,
04:18
but to give the shorthand version
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vendar, če povem krajšo verzijo
04:20
for any who have not heard him speak,
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za vsakogar, ki ni slišal njegovega govora,
04:22
Dr. Yunus won the Nobel Peace Prize a few years ago
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dr. Yunus je pred nekaj leti dobil Nobelovo nagrado za mir
04:24
for his work pioneering modern microfinance.
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za svoje pionirsko delo na področju mikrofinanciranja.
04:27
When I heard him speak, it was three years before that.
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Jaz sem ga poslušala tri leta pred tem.
04:30
But basically, microfinance -- if this is new to you as well --
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V bistvu, mikro finance -- če vam je tudi to novo --
04:33
think of that as financial services for the poor.
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so neka vrsta finančnih storitev za revne.
04:35
Think of all the things you get at your bank
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Pomislite na vse, kar vam nudijo v vaši banki,
04:37
and imagine those products and services
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in si predstavljajte te produkte in storitve,
04:39
tailored to the needs of someone living on a few dollars a day.
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prilagojene potrebam nekoga, ki živi z nekaj dolarji na dan.
04:41
Dr. Yunus shared his story,
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Dr. Yunus je delil svojo zgodbo,
04:43
explaining what that was,
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razlagajoč, kaj je to,
04:45
and what he had done with his Grameen Bank.
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in kaj je naredil s svojo banko Grameen (Vaška banka).
04:47
He also talked about, in particular, microlending,
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Še posebej je govoril o mikro posojilih,
04:49
which is a tiny loan
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ki so majčkena posojila,
04:51
that could help someone start or grow a business.
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ki lahko nekomu pomagajo, da začne ali poveča svoj posel.
04:53
Now, when I heard him speak, it was exciting for a number of reasons.
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Ko sem ga slišala govoriti, je bilo razburljivo zaradi več razlogov.
04:56
First and foremost, I learned about this new method of change in the world
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V prvi vrsti zato, ker sem se naučila nove metode za spremembo sveta,
04:59
that, for once, showed me, maybe,
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ki mi je mogoče končno pokazala,
05:01
a way to interact with someone
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kako z nekom sodelovati
05:03
and to give, to share of a resource in a way that wasn't weird
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in kako dajati, deliti vire na način, ki ni čuden
05:05
and didn't make me feel bad --
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in zaradi katerega se ne počutim slabo.
05:08
that was exciting.
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To je bil razburljivo.
05:10
But more importantly, he told stories about the poor
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Kar je pa še pomembneje, pripovedoval je zgodbe o revnih,
05:13
that were different than any stories I had heard before.
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ki so bile drugačne od zgodb, ki sem jih slišala dotlej.
05:15
In fact, those individuals he talked about who were poor was sort of a side note.
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V bistvu je le mimogrede povedal, da so posamezniki, o katerih je govoril, revni.
05:19
He was talking about strong, smart,
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Govoril je o močnih, pametnih,
05:21
hardworking entrepreneurs who woke up every day
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delavnih podjetnikih, ki so vsak dan vstali
05:24
and were doing things to make their lives and their family's lives better.
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in so počeli stvari, da bi izboljšali življenje zase in za svoje družine.
05:27
All they needed to do that more quickly and to do it better
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Vse, kar so potrebovali, da bi to počeli hitreje in bolje,
05:30
was a little bit of capital.
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je bilo malo kapitala.
05:32
It was an amazing sort of insight for me.
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To je bilo zame osupljivo spoznanje.
05:34
And I, in fact, was so deeply moved by this --
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Bila sem dejansko tako globoko ganjena,
05:36
it's hard to express now how much that affected me --
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težko je izraziti, kako se me je to dotaknilo,
05:39
but I was so moved that I actually quit my job a few weeks later,
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a bila sem tako ganjena, da sem čez nekaj tednov dala odpoved v službi
05:42
and I moved to East Africa
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in se preselila v vzhodno Afriko,
05:44
to try to see for myself what this was about.
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da bi na lastne oči videla, za kaj gre.
05:46
For the first time, actually, in a long time
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In prvič po dolgem času
05:48
I wanted to meet those individuals, I wanted to meet these entrepreneurs,
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sem si želela srečati te posameznike, želela sem srečati te podjetnike,
05:51
and see for myself what their lives were actually about.
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in sama videti, kako v resnici živijo.
05:54
So I spent three months in Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania
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Tako sem tri mesece v Keniji, Ugandi in Tanzaniji
05:57
interviewing entrepreneurs that had received 100 dollars
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intervjuvala podjetnike, ki so prejeli 100 dolarjev
05:59
to start or grow a business.
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za zagon ali povečanje posla.
06:01
And in fact, through those interactions,
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In skozi te stike sem se dejansko
06:03
for the first time, I was starting to get to be friends
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prvič spoprijateljila z nekaterimi
06:05
with some of those people in that big amorphous group out there
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od ljudi v tej veliki brezlični skupini tam zunaj,
06:08
that was supposed to be far away.
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ki bi naj bila daleč stran.
06:11
I was starting to be friends and get to know their personal stories.
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Spoznavala sem njih in njihove osebne zgodbe.
06:14
And over and over again,
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In vedno znova,
06:16
as I interviewed them and spent my days with them,
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ko sem jih intervjuvala in preživljala dneve z njimi,
06:18
I did hear stories of life change
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sem slišala zgodbe o spremembah življenja
06:20
and amazing little details of change.
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in čudovitih majhnih podrobnostih teh sprememb.
06:22
So I would hear from goat herders
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Tako sem slišala od pastirjev koz,
06:24
who had used that money that they had received to buy a few more goats.
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ki so denar, ki so ga prejeli, porabili za nakup nekaj novih koz.
06:27
Their business trajectory would change.
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Njihova poslovna pot se je spremenila.
06:29
They would make a little bit more money;
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Zaslužili so nekaj več denarja.
06:31
their standard of living
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Njihov življenjski standard
06:33
would shift and would get better.
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se je spremenil in izboljšal.
06:35
And they would make really interesting little adjustments in their lives,
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In naredili so nekaj res zanimivih majhnih sprememb v svojih življenjih,
06:38
like they would start to send their children to school.
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na primer, začeli so pošiljati svoje otroke v šolo.
06:40
They might be able to buy mosquito nets.
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Lahko so si kupili mreže proti komarjem.
06:42
Maybe they could afford a lock for the door and feel secure.
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Mogoče so si lahko privoščili ključavnico za vrata in se počutili varne.
06:45
Maybe it was just that they could put sugar in their tea
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Mogoče so si lahko privoščili le sladkor za čaj,
06:47
and offer that to me when I came as their guest
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ki so mi ga ponudili, ko sem prišla v goste,
06:49
and that made them feel proud.
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in zaradi tega so bili ponosni.
06:51
But there were these beautiful details, even if I talked to 20 goat herders in a row,
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Vendar so bile to čudovite podrobnosti, tudi če sem govorila z 20 kozjimi pastirji zapored,
06:54
and some days that's what happened --
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kar se je ob nekaterih dnevih dogajalo --
06:56
these beautiful details of life change
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čudovite podrobnosti o spremembah življenj,
06:58
that were meaningful to them.
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ki so jim toliko pomenile.
07:00
That was another thing that really touched me.
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To je bila še ena stvar, ki se me je resnično dotaknila.
07:02
It was really humbling to see for the first time,
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Res sem se počutila ponižno, ko sem prvič videla,
07:04
to really understand
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resnično razumela,
07:06
that even if I could have taken a magic wand and fixed everything,
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da, tudi če bi lahko s čarobno palico vse popravila,
07:09
I probably would have gotten a lot wrong.
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bi najbrž naredila veliko stvari narobe.
07:11
Because the best way for people to change their lives
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Ker je najboljši način, na katerega lahko ljudje spremenijo svoja življenja, ta,
07:14
is for them to have control and to do that in a way that they believe is best for them.
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da imajo nadzor in da to storijo na način, za katerega verjamejo, da je najboljši za njih.
07:17
So I saw that and it was very humbling.
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To sem torej videla in se počutila ponižno.
07:20
Anyway, another interesting thing happened while I was there.
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Kakorkoli, medtem ko sem bila tam, se je zgodilo še nekaj zanimivega.
07:23
I never once was asked for a donation,
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Niti enkrat samkrat me niso prosili za prispevek,
07:26
which had kind of been my mode, right.
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kar je bil moj način delovanja, kajne.
07:28
There's poverty, you give money to help --
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Tam je revščina, daš denar, da pomagaš.
07:30
no one asked me for a donation.
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Nihče me ni prosil za prispevek.
07:32
In fact, no one wanted me to feel bad for them at all.
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V bistvu nihče ni želel, da se mi smilijo.
07:35
If anything, they just wanted to be able to do more of what they were doing already
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Želeli so le, da bi lahko počeli več tega, kar so že počeli,
07:37
and to build on their own capabilities.
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in da bi nadgrajevali svoje sposobnosti.
07:39
So what I did hear, once in a while,
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Kar pa sem slišala, vsake toliko, je,
07:41
was that people wanted a loan --
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da so si želeli posojilo --
07:43
I thought that sounded very reasonable and really exciting.
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zdelo se mi je, da je to zelo razumno in resnično vznemirljivo.
07:46
And by the way, I was a philosophy and poetry major in school,
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In mimogrede, študirala sem filozofijo in poezijo,
07:49
so I didn't know the difference between profit and revenue when I went to East Africa.
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tako da nisem poznala razlike med dobičkom in prihodkom, ko sem šla v vzhodno Afriko.
07:52
I just got this impression that the money would work.
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Le zdelo se mi je, da bi denar deloval.
07:55
And my introduction to business
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In moj uvod v posel
07:57
was in these $100 little infuses of capital.
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so bile te majhne 100-dolarske infuzije kapitala.
08:00
And I learned about profit and revenue, about leverage, all sorts of things,
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Naučila sem se o dobičku in prihodkih, o vzvodih, vse sorte,
08:03
from farmers, from seamstresses, from goat herders.
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od kmetov, šivilj, kozjih pastirjev.
08:06
So this idea
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Tako je ta ideja,
08:08
that these new stories of business and hope
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da bi te zgodbe o poslih in upanju
08:11
might be shared with my friends and family,
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lahko delila s svojimi prijatelji in družino
08:13
and through that, maybe we could get some of the money that they needed
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in da bi na ta način mogoče zbrali nekaj denarja, ki so ga potrebovali,
08:17
to be able to continue their businesses as loans,
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da bi nadaljevali svoje posle, kot posojila,
08:20
that's this little idea that turned into Kiva.
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to je ta majhna ideja, ki se je spremenila v Kivo.
08:22
A few months later, I went back to Uganda
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Čez nekaj mesecev sem se vrnila v Ugando
08:24
with a digital camera and a basic website
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z digitalnim fotoaparatom in osnovno spletno stranjo,
08:27
that my partner, Matthew, and I had kind of built,
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ki sva jo postavila skupaj z mojim partnerjem, Matthewjem,
08:29
and took pictures of seven of my new friends,
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in fotografirala sedem mojih novih prijateljev,
08:32
posted their stories, these stories of entrepreneurship, up on the website,
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objavila njihove zgodbe, te zgodbe podjetništva, na spletni strani,
08:36
spammed friends and family and said, "We think this is legal.
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zasipala z elektronsko pošto prijatelje in družino in rekla: "Mislimo, da je to zakonito.
08:38
Haven't heard back yet from SEC on all the details,
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Komisija za vrednostne papirje in borzo (SEC) nam še ni odgovorila z vsemi podrobnostmi,
08:41
but do you say, do you want to help participate in this,
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ampak, ali bi želeli sodelovati v tem,
08:43
provide the money that they need?"
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bi priskrbeli denar, ki ga potrebujejo?"
08:45
The money came in basically overnight.
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Denar je prišel v bistvu čez noč.
08:47
We sent it over to Uganda.
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Poslali smo ga v Ugando.
08:49
And over the next six months, a beautiful thing happened;
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In v naslednjih šestih mesecih se je zgodilo nekaj prelepega;
08:51
the entrepreneurs received the money,
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podjetniki so prejeli denar,
08:53
they were paid, and their businesses, in fact, grew,
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bili so plačani in njihovi posli so dejansko rasli,
08:56
and they were able to support themselves
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in bili so se sposobni sami preživljati
08:58
and change the trajectory of their lives.
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in spremeniti smer svojih življenj.
09:01
In October of '05,
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Oktobra 2005,
09:03
after those first seven loans were paid,
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po tem, ko je bilo izplačanih prvih sedem posojil,
09:05
Matt and I took the word beta off of the site.
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sva z Mattom s spletne strani umaknila besedo beta.
09:07
We said, "Our little experiment has been a success.
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Rekla sva: "Najin mali eksperiment je bil uspešen.
09:09
Let's start for real." That was our official launch.
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Začniva zares." To je bil naš uradni začetek.
09:12
And then that first year, October '05 through '06,
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In to prvo leto, od oktobra 2005 skozi 2006,
09:14
Kiva facilitated $500,000 in loans.
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je Kiva priskrbela 500.000 $ posojil.
09:17
The second year, it was a total of 15 million.
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Drugo leto jih je bilo skupaj za 15 milijonov.
09:20
The third year, the total was up to around 40.
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Tretje leto jih je bilo skupaj že okoli 40.
09:22
The fourth year, we were just short of 100.
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Četrto leto le nekaj manj kot 100.
09:24
And today, less than five years in,
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In danes, po manj kot petih letih,
09:26
Kiva's facilitated
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je Kiva omogočila
09:28
more than 150 million dollars, in little 25-dollar bits,
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več kot 150 milijonov dolarjev v majhnih 25-dolarskih koščkih
09:31
from lenders and entrepreneurs --
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od posojilodajalcev in podjetnikov --
09:33
more than a million of those, collectively in 200 countries.
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več kot milijon le-teh, skupaj v 200 državah.
09:35
So that's where Kiva is today, just to bring you right up to the present.
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Tu je torej Kiva danes, da vas prestavimo v sedanjost.
09:38
And while those numbers and those statistics
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In čeprav je o teh številkah in teh statistikah
09:40
are really fun to talk about and they're interesting,
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res zabavno govoriti in so zanimive,
09:43
to me, Kiva's really about stories.
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gre zame pri Kivi v resnici za zgodbe.
09:46
It's about retelling
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Gre za ponovno pripovedovanje
09:48
the story of the poor,
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zgodbe o revnih
09:50
and it's about giving ourselves
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in za dajanje priložnosti
09:52
an opportunity to engage
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nam samim, da se pridružimo na način,
09:54
that validates their dignity,
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ki potrdi njihovo dostojanstvo,
09:56
validates a partnership relationship,
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potrdi partnersko razmerje,
09:58
not a relationship that's based
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in ne razmerje, ki temelji
10:00
on the traditional sort of donor beneficiary
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na tradicionalnem odnosu med donatorjem in prejemnikom,
10:03
weirdness that can happen.
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ki je lahko neprijeten.
10:05
But instead a relationship that can promote respect
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Namesto tega je razmerje, ki podpira spoštovanje
10:08
and hope
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in upanje
10:10
and this optimism
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in ta optimizem,
10:12
that together we can move forward.
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da skupaj lahko gremo naprej.
10:15
So what I hope is that,
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Kar upam, je torej,
10:17
not only can the money keep flowing forth through Kiva --
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ne samo, da bo denar še naprej tekel skozi Kivo --
10:19
that's a very positive and meaningful thing --
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to je zelo pozitivna in pomembna stvar --
10:21
but I hope Kiva can blur those lines, like I said,
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ampak upam, da bo Kiva lahko zameglila meje, kot sem rekla,
10:23
between the traditional rich and poor categories
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med tradicionalnimi kategorijami bogatih in revnih,
10:25
that we're taught to see in the world,
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ki nas jih učijo videti v svetu,
10:27
this false dichotomy of us and them, have and have not.
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to lažno dihotomijo nas in njih, imeti in ne imeti.
10:30
I hope that Kiva can blur those lines.
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Upam, da bo Kiva lahko zameglila te meje.
10:32
Because as that happens,
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Ker, ko se to zgodi,
10:34
I think we can feel free to interact
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mislim, da bomo lahko sodelovali
10:36
in a way that's more open, more just and more creative,
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na način, ki je bolj odprt, bolj pravičen in bolj ustvarjalen,
10:39
to engage with each other and to help each other.
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da bomo medsebojno sodelovali in pomagali drug drugemu.
10:42
Imagine how you feel
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Prestavljajte si, kako se počutite,
10:44
when you see somebody on street who is begging
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ko vidite nekoga na ulici, ki berači,
10:47
and you're about to approach them.
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in se mu boste pravkar približali.
10:49
Imagine how you feel;
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Predstavljajte si, kako se počutite.
10:51
and then imagine the difference when you might see somebody
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In potem si predstavljajte razliko, ko morda vidite nekoga,
10:53
who has a story of entrepreneurship and hard work
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ki ima zgodbo podjetništva in trdega dela,
10:56
who wants to tell you about their business.
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ki vam želi govoriti o svojem poslu.
10:59
Maybe they're smiling, and they want to talk to you about what they've done.
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Mogoče se smejijo in vam želijo povedati, kaj so naredili.
11:02
Imagine if you're speaking with somebody
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Predstavljajte si, da se pogovarjate z nekom,
11:04
who's growing things and making them flourish,
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ki goji stvari in skrbi, da uspevajo,
11:07
somebody who's using their talents
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nekom, ki uporablja svoje talente,
11:10
to do something productive,
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da počne nekaj produktivnega,
11:12
somebody who's built their own business from scratch,
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nekom, ki je postavil svoj posel iz ničesar,
11:15
someone who is surrounded by abundance,
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nekom, ki je obkrožen z obiljem,
11:17
not scarcity,
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ne z redkostjo,
11:19
who's in fact creating abundance,
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ki v bistvu ustvarja obilje,
11:21
somebody with full hands with something to offer,
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nekom s polnimi rokami nečesa, kar lahko ponudi,
11:24
not empty hands
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ne s praznimi rokami,
11:26
asking for you to give them something.
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ki prosijo, da jim nekaj daste.
11:29
Imagine if you could hear a story you didn't expect
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Predstavljajte si, da lahko slišite zgodbo, ki je niste pričakovali,
11:31
of somebody who wakes up every day
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o nekom, ki se vsako jutro zbudi,
11:33
and works very, very hard to make their life better.
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in zelo zelo trdo dela, da izboljša svoje življenje.
11:36
These stories can really change the way that we think about each other.
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Te zgodbe lahko resnično spremenijo način, kako razmišljamo drug o drugem.
11:39
And if we can catalyze
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In če lahko kataliziramo
11:41
a supportive community to come around these individuals
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skupnost, ki podpira te posameznike,
11:44
and to participate in their story
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in sodeluje v njihovih zgodbah,
11:46
by lending a little bit of money,
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s tem, da jim posoja nekaj denarja,
11:48
I think that can change the way we believe in each other
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mislim, da to lahko spremeni način, kako verjamemo drug v drugega
11:50
and each other's potential.
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in v naše potenciale.
11:52
Now for me, Kiva is just the beginning.
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Zame je Kiva samo začetek.
11:54
And as I look forward to what is next,
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In ko se veselim tega, kar sledi,
11:56
it's been helpful to reflect on the things I've learned so far.
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je pomagalo, da razmislim o stvareh, ki sem se jih naučila do zdaj.
11:59
The first one is, as I mentioned, entrepreneurship was a new idea to me.
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Prvič, kot sem omenila, podjetništvo je bila zame nova ideja.
12:02
Kiva borrowers, as I interviewed them and got to know them over the last few years,
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Kivini posojilojemalci, ki sem jih intervjuvala in jih spoznala v zadnjih letih,
12:05
have taught me what entrepreneurship is.
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so me naučili, kaj je podjetništvo.
12:07
And I think, at its core, it's deciding that you want your life to be better.
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In mislim, da je v njegovem jedru odločitev, da si želiš boljše življenje.
12:10
You see an opportunity
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Vidiš priložnost
12:12
and you decide what you're going to do to try to seize that.
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in se odločiš, da jo boš poskusil izkoristiti.
12:14
In short, it's deciding that tomorrow can better than today
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Skratka, je odločitev, da je lahko jutri boljši kot danes
12:16
and going after that.
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in sledenje temu.
12:18
Second thing that I've learned is that loans are a very interesting tool for connectivity.
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Druga stvar, ki sem se je naučila, je, da so posojila zelo zanimivo orodje za povezovanje.
12:21
So they're not a donation.
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Torej niso donacije.
12:23
Yeah, maybe it doesn't sound that much different.
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Ja, mogoče se ne sliši tako drugače.
12:25
But in fact, when you give something to someone
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Vendar v resnici, ko nekomu nekaj daste,
12:27
and they say, "Thanks," and let you know how things go,
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in vam rečejo: "Hvala," in vam javijo, kako stvari tečejo,
12:29
that's one thing.
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to je ena stvar.
12:31
When you lend them money, and they slowly pay you back over time,
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Ko jim posodite denar in vam ga s časom počasi vračajo,
12:34
you have this excuse to have an ongoing dialogue.
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imate izgovor, da imate trajen dialog.
12:36
This continued attention -- this ongoing attention --
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Ta neprekinjena pozornost, ta neprestana pozornost
12:38
is a really big deal
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je res pomembna
12:40
to build different kinds of relationships among us.
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za izgradnjo različnih odnosov med nami.
12:43
And then third, from what I've heard from the entrepreneurs I've gotten to know,
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In tretjič, glede na to, kar sem slišala o podjetnikov, ki sem jih spoznala,
12:46
when all else is equal,
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ko je vse drugo nespremenjeno,
12:48
given the option to have just money to do what you need to do,
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če imate na izbiro, da dobite samo denar, da naredite, kar želite,
12:51
or money plus the support and encouragement
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ali denar in podporo in vzpodbudo
12:54
of a global community,
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globalne skupnosti,
12:56
people choose the community plus the money.
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ljudje izberejo skupnost in denar.
12:58
That's a much more meaningful combination, a more powerful combination.
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Je veliko bolj pomembna kombinacija, veliko močnejša kombinacija.
13:01
So with that in mind, this particular incident
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S tem v mislih me je en dogodek
13:03
has led to the things that I'm working on now.
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vodil do stvari, na katerih delam zdaj.
13:06
I see entrepreneurs everywhere now, now that I'm tuned into this.
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Sedaj podjetnike vidim povsod, sedaj, ko sem v tem.
13:08
And one thing that I've seen
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In ena stvar, ki sem jo videla,
13:10
is there are a lot of supportive communities that already exist in the world.
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je, da na svetu že obstaja veliko podpornih skupnosti.
13:12
With social networks,
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Družabna omrežja
13:14
it's an amazing way, growing the number of people that we all have around us
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so čudovit način, ki hitro povečuje število ljudi, ki nas obkrožajo
13:17
in our own supportive communities, rapidly.
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v naših lastnih podpornih skupnostih.
13:20
And so, as I have been thinking about this,
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In ko sem tako razmišljala o tem,
13:22
I've been wondering: how can we engage these supportive communities
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sem se spraševala: kako lahko pritegnemo te podporne skupnosti,
13:25
to catalyze even more entrepreneurial ideas
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da katalizirajo še več podjetniških idej
13:27
and to catalyze all of us
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in da katalizirajo vse nas,
13:29
to make tomorrow better than today?
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da naredimo jutri boljši od danes?
13:32
As I've researched what's going on in the United States,
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Ko sem raziskovala, kaj se dogaja v Združenih državah,
13:34
a few interesting little insights have come up.
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sem naletela na nekaj zanimivih spoznanj.
13:36
So one is that, of course, as we all might expect,
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Eno je, da, seveda, kot bi lahko pričakovali,
13:39
many small businesses in the U.S. and all over the world
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mnogo malih podjetij v ZDA in povsod po svetu
13:41
still need money to grow and to do more of what they want to do
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še vedno potrebuje denar, da bi rasla in da bi počela več tega, kar želijo početi,
13:44
or they might need money during a hard month.
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ali pa bi morda potrebovala denar v težkih časih.
13:46
But there's always a need for resources close by.
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A vedno obstaja potreba po virih blizu nas.
13:49
Another thing is, it turns out,
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Druga stvar je, da se je pokazalo,
13:51
those resources don't usually come from the places you might expect --
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da ti viri ponavadi ne pridejo od tam, od koder bi pričakovali --
13:54
banks, venture capitalists,
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bank, kapitalistov s tveganimi naložbami,
13:56
other organizations and support structures --
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drugih organizacij in podpornih struktur --
13:58
they come from friends and family.
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pridejo od prijateljev in družine.
14:00
Some statistics say 85 percent or more of funding for small businesses
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Neki statistični podatki pravijo, da 85 odstotkov ali več sredstev za mala podjetja
14:02
comes from friends and family.
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prihaja od prijateljev in družin.
14:04
That's around 130 billion dollars a year --
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To je okoli 130 milijard dolarjev na leto.
14:06
it's a lot.
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To je veliko.
14:08
And third, so as people are doing this friends and family fundraising process,
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In tretje, ko ljudje zbirajo denar med prijatelji in v družini,
14:11
it's very awkward, people don't know exactly what to ask for,
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je zelo nerodno, ljudje ne vedo točno, po čem naj sprašujejo,
14:13
how to ask, what to promise in return,
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kako naj sprašujejo, kaj naj obljubijo v zameno,
14:15
even though they have the best of intentions
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čeprav imajo najboljše namene
14:17
and want to thank those people that are supporting them.
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in se želijo zahvaliti ljudem, ki jih podpirajo.
14:20
So to harness the power of these supportive communities in a new way
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Da bi izkoristili moč teh podpornih skupnosti na nov način
14:23
and to allow entrepreneurs to decide for themselves
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in da bi omogočili podjetnikom, da se sami odločijo,
14:25
exactly what that financial exchange should look like,
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kako točno bi naj ta finančna izmenjava izgledala,
14:27
exactly what fits them and the people around them,
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kaj točno ustreza njim in ljudem okoli njih,
14:30
this week actually,
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ravno ta teden
14:32
we're quietly doing a launch of Profounder,
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po tihem zaganjamo Profounder,
14:34
which is a crowd funding platform for small businesses to raise what they need
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ki je platforma za zbiranje denarja za mala podjetja, da bi zbrali potrebna sredstva
14:37
through investments from their friends and family.
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skozi investicije svojih prijateljev in družin.
14:39
And it's investments, not donations, not loans,
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In gre za investicije, ne donacije ali posojila,
14:41
but investments that have a dynamic return.
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investicije, ki imajo dinamično povračilo.
14:43
So the mapping of participating in the story,
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Načrtovanje udeležbe v zgodbi torej
14:45
it actually flows with the up and down.
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dejansko teče z vzponi in padci.
14:47
So in short, it's a do-it-yourself tool
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Skratka, gre za naredi-si-sam orodje
14:50
for small businesses to raise these funds.
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za mala podjetja za zbiranje kapitala.
14:52
And what you can do is go onto the site, create a profile,
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In kar lahko naredite, je, da greste na spletno stran, si naredite profil
14:55
create investment terms in a really easy way.
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in izdelate pogoje za investiranje na res enostaven način.
14:57
We make it really, really simple for me
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Zelo preprosto je zame,
14:59
as well as anyone else who wants to use the site.
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kot tudi za vse, ki želijo uporabiti spletno stran.
15:01
And we allow entrepreneurs to share a percentage of their revenues.
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In podjetnikom omogočamo, da delijo del svojih prihodkov.
15:03
They can raise up to a million dollars
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Zberejo lahko do milijona dolarjev
15:05
from an unlimited number of unaccredited, unsophisticated investors --
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od neomejenega števila nepoučenih, neizkušenih vlagateljev --
15:08
everyday people, heaven forbid --
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vsakodnevnih ljudi, bog se usmili --
15:10
and they can share those returns over time --
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in lahko delijo ta povračila skozi čas --
15:12
again, whatever terms they set.
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pod kakršnimi koli pogoji, ki so jih postavili.
15:14
As investors choose to become involved
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Ko se vlagatelji odločajo za sodelovanje
15:16
based on those terms,
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na podlagi teh pogojev,
15:18
they can either take their rewards back as cash,
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lahko svoje nagrade vzamejo kot denar,
15:20
or they can decide in advance
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ali pa se že vnaprej odločijo,
15:22
to give those returns away to a non-profit.
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da bodo povračila podarili neprofitni organizaciji.
15:24
So they can be a cash, or a cause, investor.
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Lahko so torej vlagatelji za denar ali za dobri namen.
15:27
It's my hope that this kind of tool can show anybody who has an idea
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Moje upanje je, da lahko takšno orodje pokaže komur koli, ki ima idejo,
15:30
a path to go do what they want to do in the world
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pot, kako početi stvari, ki jih želi,
15:32
and to gather the people around them that they already have,
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in da zbere okoli sebe ljudi, ki jih že ima,
15:34
the people that know them best
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ljudi, ki jih najbolje pozna,
15:36
and that love them and want to support them,
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in ki ga imajo radi in ga hočejo podpreti,
15:38
to gather them to make this happen.
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da jih zbere, da to doseže.
15:40
So that's what I'm working on now.
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Na tem delam sedaj.
15:42
And to close, I just want to say, look these are tools.
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In za konec želim reči le, poglejte, to so orodja.
15:44
Right now, Profounder's right at the very beginning,
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Trenutno je Profounder na samem začetku
15:46
and it's very palpable; it's very clear to me, that it's just a vessel, it's just a tool.
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in jasno mi je, da je to samo sredstvo, samo orodje.
15:49
What we need are for people to care, to actually go use it,
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Kar potrebujemo, je, da je ljudem mar, da ga dejansko uporabljajo,
15:52
just like they've cared enough to use Kiva
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tako kot jim je dovolj mar, da uporabljajo Kivo,
15:54
to make those connections.
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da ustvarjajo te povezave.
15:56
But the good news is I don't think I need to stand here and convince you to care --
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A dobra novica je, da mislim, da mi ni treba tukaj stati in vas prepričevati, naj vam bo mar.
15:58
I'm not even going to try.
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Ne bom niti poskušala.
16:00
I don't think, even though we often hear,
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Ne mislim, čeprav pogosto slišimo,
16:02
you know, hear the ethical and moral reasons,
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saj veste, slišimo etične in moralne razloge,
16:04
the religious reasons,
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religiozne razloge,
16:06
"Here's why caring and giving will make you happier."
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"Poglejte, zakaj vas bo skrb in dajanje naredilo srečnejše."
16:09
I don't think we need to be convinced of that. I think we know;
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Mislim, da nas ni treba prepričevati v to. Mislim, da vemo.
16:12
in fact, I think we know so much,
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Pravzaprav, mislim, da toliko vemo
16:14
and it's such a reality
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in da je tako resnično,
16:16
that we care so deeply,
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da nam je tako zelo mar,
16:18
that in fact, what usually stops us
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da je tisto, kar nas običajno ustavi, v bistvu to,
16:20
is that we're afraid to try and to mess up,
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da nas je strah poskusiti, da ne bi zameštrali,
16:22
because we care so very much about helping each other
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ker nam je tako zelo mar, da pomagamo drug drugemu
16:24
and being meaningful in each other's lives.
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in da smo pomembni drug drugemu v naših življenjih.
16:27
So what I think I can do today,
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To, kar mislim, da lahko naredim danes,
16:30
that best thing I can give you --
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najboljše, kar vam lahko dam --
16:32
I've given you my story, which is the best I can do.
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dala sem vam svojo zgodbo, kar je najboljše, kar zmorem.
16:34
And I think I can remind us that we do care.
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In mislim, da nas lahko spomnim, da nam je mar.
16:37
I think we all already know that.
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Mislim, da to že vemo.
16:39
And I think we know that love is resilient enough
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In mislim, da vemo, da je ljubezen dovolj odporna,
16:42
for us to get out there and try.
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da gremo in poskusimo.
16:45
Just a sec.
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Samo trenutek.
16:51
(Applause)
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(aplavz)
16:53
Thanks.
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Hvala.
16:55
(Applause)
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(aplavz)
17:05
Thanks.
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Hvala.
17:07
(Applause)
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(aplavz)
17:09
For me, the best way to be inspired to try
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Zame je najboljši način za navdih, da poskusim,
17:12
is to stop and to listen
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to, da se ustavim in poslušam
17:14
to someone else's story.
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zgodbo nekoga.
17:16
And I'm grateful that I've gotten to do that here at TED.
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In hvaležna sem, da sem to lahko naredila tukaj na TED.
17:19
And I'm grateful that whenever I do that,
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In hvaležna sem, da kadarkoli to naredim,
17:22
guaranteed, I am inspired --
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sem zagotovo navdihnjena,
17:24
I am inspired by the person I am listening to.
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navdihne me oseba, ki jo poslušam.
17:27
And I believe more and more every time I listen
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In vedno bolj in bolj verjamem, vsakič, ko poslušam,
17:30
in that that person's potential to do great things in the world
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v potencial te osebe, da bo naredila velike stvari na svetu
17:33
and in my own potential to maybe help.
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in v svoj potencial, da lahko mogoče pomagam.
17:36
And that --
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In to --
17:38
forget the tools, forget the moving around of resources --
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pozabite orodja, pozabite prerazporejanje virov --
17:40
that stuff's easy.
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to je lahko.
17:42
Believing in each other,
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Verjeti drug v drugega,
17:44
really being sure when push comes to shove
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resnično biti prepričan, ko stvari postanejo težke,
17:46
that each one of us can do amazing things in the world,
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da lahko vsakdo izmed nas počne čudovite stvari na svetu,
17:49
that is what can make our stories into love stories
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to lahko spremeni naše zgodbe v zgodbe ljubezni
17:52
and our collective story
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in našo skupno zgodbo
17:54
into one that continually perpetuates hope
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v takšno, ki nepretrgoma ohranja upanje
17:56
and good things for all of us.
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in dobre stvari za vse nas.
17:58
So that, this belief in each other,
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Tako da ta vera enih v druge,
18:00
knowing that without a doubt
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vedoč to brez dvoma
18:02
and practicing that every day in whatever you do,
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in prakticiranje tega vsak dan v vsem, kar počnete,
18:04
that's what I believe will change the world and make tomorrow better than today.
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to je to, kar verjamem, da bo spremenilo svet in naredilo jutri boljši od danes.
18:07
Thank you.
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Hvala.
18:09
(Applause)
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(aplavz)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Jessica Jackley - MicrolenderJessica Jackley is the co-founder of Kiva.org, an online community that helps individuals loan small amounts of money, called microloans, to entrepreneurs throughout the world.
Why you should listen
Seven years ago, Jessica Jackley heard a speech by Grameen Bank founder Muhammad Yunus, an economist from Bangladesh who had developed the idea of microcredit: loans offered to entrepreneurs too poor to qualify for traditional bank loans. She says, "I was so completely blown away by the idea that I quit my job, dropped everything and moved to East Africa to help." In late 2005 she co-founded Kiva.org with Matt Flannery.
Kiva uses a peer-to-peer model in which lenders sort through profiles of potential borrowers -- be they a farmer in Cambodia, a pharmacist in Sierra Leone, or a shopkeeper in Mongolia -- and make loans to those they find most appealing. The minimum loan is $25, and the interest rate is 0%. The repayment rate for loans is more than 98%, Jackley says, and since the group was founded almost 700,000 people have pledged $128 million in loans to more than 325,000 people. Jackley's latest project is ProFounder, a new platform that helps small businesses in the United States access startup funding through community investing.
Jessica Jackley | Speaker | TED.com