TEDGlobal 2010
Jessica Jackley: Poverty, money -- and love
Jessica Jackley: Siromaštvo, novac - i ljubav
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Što mislite o siromašnim ljudima? Možda ono što je Jessica Jackley nekad mislila: "oni" trebaju "našu" pomoć, u obliku par kovanica ubačenih u kutijicu. Suosnivačica Kiva.org priča o tome kako je promijenila svoj stav - i kako je njen rad s mikrokreditima donio novu moć ljudima koji žive od nekoliko dolara na dan.
Jessica Jackley - Microlender
Jessica Jackley is the co-founder of Kiva.org, an online community that helps individuals loan small amounts of money, called microloans, to entrepreneurs throughout the world. Full bio
Jessica Jackley is the co-founder of Kiva.org, an online community that helps individuals loan small amounts of money, called microloans, to entrepreneurs throughout the world. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:16
The stories we tell about each other
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Priče koje jedni drugima pričamo
00:18
matter very much.
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su jako važne.
00:21
The stories we tell ourselves about our own lives matter.
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Priče o našim životima koje pričamo sami sebi su važne.
00:24
And most of all,
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I, što je najvažnije,
00:26
I think the way that we participate in each other's stories
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način na koji sudjelujemo u životnim pričama jedni drugih
00:28
is of deep importance.
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su od duboke važnosti.
00:31
I was six years old
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Imala sam tek šest godina
00:33
when I first heard stories about the poor.
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kad sam čula prve priče o siromaštvu.
00:35
Now I didn't hear those stories from the poor themselves,
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Nisam ih čula od siromašnih ljudi,
00:37
I heard them from my Sunday school teacher
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čula sam ih od svog vjeroučitelja
00:40
and Jesus, kind of via my Sunday school teacher.
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i od Isusa, navodno, preko mog vjeroučitelja.
00:43
I remember learning that people who were poor
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Sjećam se da sam naučila kako siromašni
00:46
needed something material --
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trebaju materijalne stvari -
00:48
food, clothing, shelter -- that they didn't have.
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hranu, odjeću, sklonište - ono što im nedostaje.
00:50
And I also was taught, coupled with that,
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Usto sam naučila i
00:53
that it was my job -- this classroom full of five and six year-old children --
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da je moj zadatak - i cijele moje grupe peto i šestogodišnjaka -
00:56
it was our job, apparently, to help.
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naš je zadatak, izgleda, da im pomognemo.
00:58
This is what Jesus asked of us.
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To Isus traži od nas.
01:00
And then he said, "What you do for the least of these, you do for me."
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I reče, "Sve što ste učinili jednomu od moje najmanje braće, meni ste učinili."
01:03
Now I was pretty psyched.
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Bila sam prilično uzbuđena.
01:05
I was very eager to be useful in the world --
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Bila sam vrlo željna da se pokažem korisnom.
01:07
I think we all have that feeling.
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Mislim da svi imamo taj osjećaj.
01:09
And also, it was kind of interesting that God needed help.
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I bilo mi je jako zanimljivo kako Bogu treba pomoć.
01:11
That was news to me,
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To mi je bilo novo,
01:13
and it felt like it was a very important thing to get to participate in.
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bila je to vrlo važna stvar u kojoj mogu sudjelovati.
01:15
But I also learned very soon thereafter
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Ali vrlo skoro sam naučila
01:17
that Jesus also said, and I'm paraphrasing,
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kako je Isus rekao i, parafraziram:
01:19
the poor would always be with us.
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"uvijek će biti siromaha".
01:21
This frustrated and confused me;
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To me frustriralo i zbunjivalo.
01:23
I felt like I had been just given a homework assignment
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Osjećala sam se kao da mi je dan domaći zadatak
01:25
that I had to do, and I was excited to do,
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koji trebam napraviti, koji mi je uzbudljiv,
01:27
but no matter what I would do, I would fail.
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ali kojeg ne mogu završiti, koliko god se trudila.
01:30
So I felt confused, a little bit frustrated and angry,
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Osjetila sam se zbunjeno, pomalo frustrirano i bijesno,
01:33
like maybe I'd misunderstood something here.
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kao da sam nešto krivo shvatila.
01:35
And I felt overwhelmed.
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I osjetila sam se nemoćnom.
01:37
And for the first time,
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Po prvi put
01:39
I began to fear this group of people
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počela sam se bojati ove grupe ljudi
01:41
and to feel negative emotion towards a whole group of people.
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i imala sam negativne osjećaje prema svima njima.
01:44
I imagined in my head, a kind of long line of individuals
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Zamišljala sam dugi red pojedinaca
01:47
that were never going away, that would always be with us.
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koji nikad neće nestati, koji će uvijek postojati.
01:49
They were always going to ask me to help them and give them things,
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Stalno će od mene tražiti pomoć i da im nešto udjelim,
01:52
which I was excited to do,
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što sam bila voljna,
01:54
but I didn't know how it was going to work.
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ali nisam znala kako će to funkcionirati.
01:56
And I didn't know what would happen when I ran out of things to give,
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Nisam znala što će se dogoditi kad mi ponestane stvari koje mogu podijeliti,
02:01
especially if the problem was never going away.
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pogotovo zbog toga što taj problem neće nestati.
02:03
In the years following,
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U godinama koje su slijedile,
02:05
the other stories I heard about the poor growing up
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druge priče koje sam čula o siromasima
02:07
were no more positive.
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nisu bile ništa pozitivnije.
02:09
For example, I saw pictures and images
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Na primjer, vidjela sam slike
02:12
frequently of sadness and suffering.
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tuge i patnje.
02:14
I heard about things that were going wrong in the lives of the poor.
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Čula sam o lošim stvarima u životima siromašnih ljudi.
02:17
I heard about disease, I heard about war --
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Čula sam o bolestima. O ratovima.
02:19
they always seemed to be kind of related.
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Uvijek su bili nekako povezani.
02:21
And in general,
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Općenito,
02:23
I got this sort of idea
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dobila sam osjećaj
02:25
that the poor in the world lived lives
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da siromašni ljudi žive živote
02:27
that were wrought with suffering and sadness,
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pune patnje i tuge,
02:29
devastation, hopelessness.
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razaranja, beznađa.
02:32
And after a while, I developed what I think many of us do,
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Nakon nekog vremena, kao i mnogi drugi,
02:34
is this predictable response,
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razvila sam predvidljivu reakciju,
02:36
where I started to feel bad every time I heard about them.
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počela sam se loše osjećati svaki put kad sam čula za njih.
02:39
I started to feel guilty for my own relative wealth,
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Počela sam osjećati krivnju zbog mojeg relativnog bogatstva,
02:42
because I wasn't doing more, apparently, to make things better.
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jer nisam više radila na tome da se situacija popravi.
02:45
And I even felt a sense of shame because of that.
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Osjećala sam se čak posramljenom zbog toga.
02:48
And so naturally,
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Prirodno, zbog toga sam se
02:50
I started to distance myself.
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počela udaljavati.
02:52
I stopped listening to their stories
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Prestala sam slušati njihove priče
02:54
quite as closely as I had before.
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tako pažljivo kao što sam ranije.
02:56
And I stopped expecting things to really change.
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Prestala sam očekivati da se stvari promjene.
02:59
Now I still gave -- on the outside it looked like I was still quite involved.
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Još uvijek sam davala. Izvana se činilo da sam uključena.
03:02
I gave of my time and my money,
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Davala sam svoje vrijeme i novac.
03:04
I gave when solutions were on sale.
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Davala sam kad su rješenja bila jeftina.
03:06
The cost of a cup of coffee can save a child's life, right.
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Cijena šalice kave za spas djetetovog života, ok.
03:08
I mean who can argue with that?
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Tko bi bio protiv toga?
03:10
I gave when I was cornered, when it was difficult to avoid
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Davala sam kad su me pritisnuli, kad sam teško mogla izbjeći,
03:13
and I gave, in general, when the negative emotions built up enough
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i općenito, davala sam kad su se negativne emocije toliko nagomilale
03:16
that I gave to relieve my own suffering,
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da je davanje pružalo olakšanje meni,
03:18
not someone else's.
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a ne nekom drugome.
03:20
The truth be told, I was giving out of that place,
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Ako ćemo iskreno, bila sam u stanju
03:23
not out of a genuine place of hope
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u kojem nije bilo istinske nade
03:26
and excitement to help and of generosity.
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i uzbuđenja zbog pomaganja i velikodušnosti.
03:28
It became a transaction for me,
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To je postala transakcija,
03:30
became sort of a trade.
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neka vrsta trgovine.
03:32
I was purchasing something --
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Kupovala sam nešto.
03:34
I was buying my right to go on with my day
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Kupovala sam pravo da nastavim svoj život
03:37
and not necessarily be bothered by this bad news.
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bez da budem uznemirena tim lošim vijestima.
03:40
And I think the way that we go through that sometimes
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I mislim kako način na koji to postižemo
03:43
can, first of all,
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može, prvo,
03:45
disembody a group of people, individuals out there in the world.
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učiniti te ljude bezličnima.
03:48
And it can also turn into a commodity,
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I može ih pretvoriti u robu,
03:50
which is a very scary thing.
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što je veoma zastrašujuće.
03:52
So as I did this, and as I think many of us do this,
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I tako sam radila to, kao i mnogi drugi,
03:55
we kind of buy our distance,
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kupujemo tu distancu,
03:57
we kind of buy our right to go on with our day.
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kupujemo pravo da nastavimo sa svojim životom.
03:59
I think that exchange can actually get in the way of the very thing that we want most.
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Ali ta razmjena može smetati onome što želimo od života.
04:02
It can get in the way of our desire
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Smeta našoj težnji
04:04
to really be meaningful and useful in another person's life
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da nudimo smisao i budemo korisni drugoj osobi
04:07
and, in short to love.
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ukratko, da volimo.
04:10
Thankfully, a few years ago, things shifted for me
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Na sreću, prije par godina sam imala priliku
04:12
because I heard this gentleman speak, Dr. Muhammad Yunus.
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čuti govor ovog gospodina, Dr. Muhammad-a Yunus-a.
04:15
I know many in the room probably know exactly who he is,
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Znam da vas puno zna točno tko je on,
04:18
but to give the shorthand version
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ali dati ću skraćenu verziju
04:20
for any who have not heard him speak,
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za sve one koji nisu čuli njegov govor,
04:22
Dr. Yunus won the Nobel Peace Prize a few years ago
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Dr. Yunus je osvojio Nobelovu nagradu za mir prije nekoliko godina
04:24
for his work pioneering modern microfinance.
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za svoj pionirski rad na području modernog mikrofinanciranja.
04:27
When I heard him speak, it was three years before that.
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Ja sam ga slušala tri godine ranije.
04:30
But basically, microfinance -- if this is new to you as well --
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U biti, mikrofinanciranje - ako vam je taj pojam nepoznat -
04:33
think of that as financial services for the poor.
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je neka vrsta financijskih usluga za siromašne.
04:35
Think of all the things you get at your bank
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Zamislite sve stvari koje dobijete od svoje banke
04:37
and imagine those products and services
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i zamislite sve te proizvode i usluge
04:39
tailored to the needs of someone living on a few dollars a day.
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prilagođene ljudima koji žive sa nekoliko dolara na dan.
04:41
Dr. Yunus shared his story,
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Dr. Yunus je podijelio svoju priču,
04:43
explaining what that was,
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objašnjavao što je to
04:45
and what he had done with his Grameen Bank.
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i što je napravio sa svojom Grameen bankom.
04:47
He also talked about, in particular, microlending,
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Posebno je govorio o mikrokreditiranju,
04:49
which is a tiny loan
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sićušnom kreditu
04:51
that could help someone start or grow a business.
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koji omogućava započinjanje ili širenje posla.
04:53
Now, when I heard him speak, it was exciting for a number of reasons.
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Kad sam ga prvi put čula, bilo je to uzbudljivo iz više razloga.
04:56
First and foremost, I learned about this new method of change in the world
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Prvenstveno jer sam naučila nov način kako promijeniti svijet
04:59
that, for once, showed me, maybe,
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koji mi je pokazao kako ipak, možda,
05:01
a way to interact with someone
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ima načina da surađujemo,
05:03
and to give, to share of a resource in a way that wasn't weird
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da dajemo, da dijelimo resurse na način koji nije čudan
05:05
and didn't make me feel bad --
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i ne čini me da se loše osjećam.
05:08
that was exciting.
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To je bilo uzbudljivo.
05:10
But more importantly, he told stories about the poor
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Ali, što je još važnije, njegove priče o siromasima
05:13
that were different than any stories I had heard before.
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su bile drugačije od priča koje sam čula ranije.
05:15
In fact, those individuals he talked about who were poor was sort of a side note.
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Činjenica da su ljudi o kojima je pričao bili siromašni rečena je tek usput.
05:19
He was talking about strong, smart,
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On je pričao o snažnim, pametnim,
05:21
hardworking entrepreneurs who woke up every day
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radišnim poduzetnicima koji su se budili svaki dan
05:24
and were doing things to make their lives and their family's lives better.
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i radili su stvari zbog kojih su njihovi životi i životi njihovih obitelji bili bolji.
05:27
All they needed to do that more quickly and to do it better
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Sve što im je trebalo da to odrade brže i bolje
05:30
was a little bit of capital.
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je bilo malo kapitala.
05:32
It was an amazing sort of insight for me.
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To mi je bila zapanjujuća spoznaja.
05:34
And I, in fact, was so deeply moved by this --
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Bila sam toliko dirnuta s tim,
05:36
it's hard to express now how much that affected me --
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teško mi je opisati kako me se to dojmilo,
05:39
but I was so moved that I actually quit my job a few weeks later,
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toliko da sam par tjedana kasnije dala otkaz,
05:42
and I moved to East Africa
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i preselila se u Istočnu Afriku
05:44
to try to see for myself what this was about.
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da vidim za sebe o čemu se tu radi.
05:46
For the first time, actually, in a long time
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Po prvi put nakon dugo vremena
05:48
I wanted to meet those individuals, I wanted to meet these entrepreneurs,
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htjela sam upoznati te osobe, htjela sam vidjeti te poduzetnike
05:51
and see for myself what their lives were actually about.
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i sama vidjeti kako stvarno žive.
05:54
So I spent three months in Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania
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Provela sam tri mjeseca u Keniji, Ugandi i Tanzaniji
05:57
interviewing entrepreneurs that had received 100 dollars
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pričajući s poduzetnicima koji su primili 100 dolara
05:59
to start or grow a business.
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da započnu ili prošire svoj posao.
06:01
And in fact, through those interactions,
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I u stvari, kroz te interakcije,
06:03
for the first time, I was starting to get to be friends
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po prvi put, sprijateljila sam se
06:05
with some of those people in that big amorphous group out there
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s nekim od tih ljudi u toj velikoj bezličnoj skupini tamo
06:08
that was supposed to be far away.
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koja je trebala biti tako daleko.
06:11
I was starting to be friends and get to know their personal stories.
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Počela sam upoznavati njih i njihove životne priče.
06:14
And over and over again,
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I svaki put iznova,
06:16
as I interviewed them and spent my days with them,
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dok sam ih intervjuirala i provodila svoje dane s njima,
06:18
I did hear stories of life change
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čula sam priče o životnoj promjeni
06:20
and amazing little details of change.
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i nevjerojatne male detalje te promijene.
06:22
So I would hear from goat herders
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Čula sam od stočara
06:24
who had used that money that they had received to buy a few more goats.
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koji su s primljenim novcem kupili još par koza.
06:27
Their business trajectory would change.
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Njihova poslovna putanja se promjenila.
06:29
They would make a little bit more money;
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Zaradili bi još nešto novca.
06:31
their standard of living
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Njihov životni standard
06:33
would shift and would get better.
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bi se promijenio na bolje
06:35
And they would make really interesting little adjustments in their lives,
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i njihovi životi bi se malo unaprijedili,
06:38
like they would start to send their children to school.
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kao počeli bi slati djecu u školu.
06:40
They might be able to buy mosquito nets.
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Mogli bi kupiti mreže za komarce.
06:42
Maybe they could afford a lock for the door and feel secure.
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Kupili bi lokot za vrata da budu sigurniji.
06:45
Maybe it was just that they could put sugar in their tea
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Ili bi si samo mogli priuštiti šećer za čaj
06:47
and offer that to me when I came as their guest
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koji bi mi ponudili kad bi im došla u goste
06:49
and that made them feel proud.
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i zbog toga bi bili ponosni.
06:51
But there were these beautiful details, even if I talked to 20 goat herders in a row,
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Bili su to divni detalji, čak i kad sam pričala s 20 stočara zaredom,
06:54
and some days that's what happened --
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a nekih dana se i to događalo -
06:56
these beautiful details of life change
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ti divni detalji o mijenjanju života
06:58
that were meaningful to them.
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koji su njima bili važni.
07:00
That was another thing that really touched me.
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To je bila još jedna stvar koja me dirnula.
07:02
It was really humbling to see for the first time,
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Dojmilo me se što sam po prvi put vidjela,
07:04
to really understand
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i stvarno razumjela
07:06
that even if I could have taken a magic wand and fixed everything,
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kako, čak i da sam čarobnim štapićem mogla sve popraviti,
07:09
I probably would have gotten a lot wrong.
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vjerojatno bih u puno stvari pogriješila.
07:11
Because the best way for people to change their lives
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Jer najbolji način na koji ljudi mogu izmijeniti svoje živote
07:14
is for them to have control and to do that in a way that they believe is best for them.
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je da imaju kontrolu i da rade onako kako misle da je najbolje za njih.
07:17
So I saw that and it was very humbling.
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To me učinilo skromnijom.
07:20
Anyway, another interesting thing happened while I was there.
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Još se jedna zanimljiva stvar dogodila dok sam bila tamo.
07:23
I never once was asked for a donation,
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Nikad me nitko nije tražio donaciju,
07:26
which had kind of been my mode, right.
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a tada sam razmišljala na taj način.
07:28
There's poverty, you give money to help --
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Postoji siromaštvo, daješ novac da pomogneš.
07:30
no one asked me for a donation.
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Nitko nije tražio da mu udijelim milostinju.
07:32
In fact, no one wanted me to feel bad for them at all.
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Štoviše, nitko nije želio da ih žalim.
07:35
If anything, they just wanted to be able to do more of what they were doing already
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Samo su željeli da mogu i dalje raditi ono što su već radili
07:37
and to build on their own capabilities.
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i razvijati se na svojim sposobnostima.
07:39
So what I did hear, once in a while,
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Ono što sam čula, s vremena na vrijeme,
07:41
was that people wanted a loan --
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je da ljudi žele pozajmicu -
07:43
I thought that sounded very reasonable and really exciting.
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učinilo mi se da to zvuči razumno i stvarno uzbudljivo.
07:46
And by the way, I was a philosophy and poetry major in school,
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Usput, studirala sam filozofiju i poeziju,
07:49
so I didn't know the difference between profit and revenue when I went to East Africa.
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tako da nisam razlikovala zaradu od prihoda kad sam otišla u Istočnu Afriku.
07:52
I just got this impression that the money would work.
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Samo mi se učinilo kako bi novac mogao djelovati.
07:55
And my introduction to business
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U poslovne vode sam ušla
07:57
was in these $100 little infuses of capital.
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s tim malim injekcijama kapitala od 100 dolara.
08:00
And I learned about profit and revenue, about leverage, all sorts of things,
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Naučila sam o zaradi i prihodu, financijskim polugama, o raznim stvarima,
08:03
from farmers, from seamstresses, from goat herders.
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od seljaka, švelja, stočara.
08:06
So this idea
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Tako je ova ideja
08:08
that these new stories of business and hope
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da bi ove priče o poslovanju i nadi
08:11
might be shared with my friends and family,
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mogla podijeliti s prijateljima i s obitelji
08:13
and through that, maybe we could get some of the money that they needed
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i kako bi na taj način mogli prikupiti dio novca koji im je bio potreban
08:17
to be able to continue their businesses as loans,
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da nastave sa svojim poslom kao kredit,
08:20
that's this little idea that turned into Kiva.
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i to je bila ideja koja se pretvorila u Kivu.
08:22
A few months later, I went back to Uganda
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Nekoliko mjeseci kasnije, vratila sam se u Ugandu
08:24
with a digital camera and a basic website
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s digitalnim fotoaparatom i Web stranicom
08:27
that my partner, Matthew, and I had kind of built,
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koju smo postavili moj partner Matthew i ja
08:29
and took pictures of seven of my new friends,
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i slikali smo sedam mojih novih prijatelja,
08:32
posted their stories, these stories of entrepreneurship, up on the website,
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objavili njihove priče o poduzetništvu na toj stranici,
08:36
spammed friends and family and said, "We think this is legal.
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zatrpavali emailovima prijatelje i rodbinu i govorili, "Mislimo da je ovo legalno.
08:38
Haven't heard back yet from SEC on all the details,
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Nije nam još odgovorila SEC o svim detaljima,
08:41
but do you say, do you want to help participate in this,
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ali, da li biste vi htjeli sudjelovati u ovome,
08:43
provide the money that they need?"
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i osigurati novac koji im treba?"
08:45
The money came in basically overnight.
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Novac je došao praktički preko noći.
08:47
We sent it over to Uganda.
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Poslali smo ga u Ugandu.
08:49
And over the next six months, a beautiful thing happened;
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I u sljedećih šest mjeseci dogodila se predivna stvar;
08:51
the entrepreneurs received the money,
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poduzetnici su primili novac,
08:53
they were paid, and their businesses, in fact, grew,
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bili su plaćeni i njihovo poslovanje je naraslo
08:56
and they were able to support themselves
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i mogli su se uzdržavati
08:58
and change the trajectory of their lives.
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i promijeniti putanju svojih života.
09:01
In October of '05,
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U listopadu 2005.,
09:03
after those first seven loans were paid,
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nakon što je prvih sedam kredita bilo otplaćeno,
09:05
Matt and I took the word beta off of the site.
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Matt i ja smo skinuli oznaku "beta" sa stranice.
09:07
We said, "Our little experiment has been a success.
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Rekli smo, "Naš je mali eksperiment uspio.
09:09
Let's start for real." That was our official launch.
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Idemo sad za ozbiljno." To je bio naš službeni početak.
09:12
And then that first year, October '05 through '06,
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I te prve godine, od listopada 2005. do 2006.,
09:14
Kiva facilitated $500,000 in loans.
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Kiva je omogućila kredite u vrijednosti 500.000 dolara.
09:17
The second year, it was a total of 15 million.
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Druge godine, total je bio 15 milijuna.
09:20
The third year, the total was up to around 40.
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Treće godine, ukupno je bilo oko 40.
09:22
The fourth year, we were just short of 100.
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Četvrte godine skoro 100.
09:24
And today, less than five years in,
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A danas, nakon manje od pet godina,
09:26
Kiva's facilitated
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Kiva je omogućila
09:28
more than 150 million dollars, in little 25-dollar bits,
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više od 150 milijuna dolara, u komadićima od po 25 dolara,
09:31
from lenders and entrepreneurs --
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od zajmodavaca i poduzetnika -
09:33
more than a million of those, collectively in 200 countries.
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njih više od milijun, ukupno u 200 zemalja.
09:35
So that's where Kiva is today, just to bring you right up to the present.
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I tu je Kiva danas, da vas upoznamo sa sadašnjošću.
09:38
And while those numbers and those statistics
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Ali, iako su ti brojevi i statistike
09:40
are really fun to talk about and they're interesting,
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stvarno zabavne i zanimljive,
09:43
to me, Kiva's really about stories.
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za mene, u Kivi su najvažnije priče.
09:46
It's about retelling
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Najvažnije je prepričavanje
09:48
the story of the poor,
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priče siromašnih ljudi,
09:50
and it's about giving ourselves
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da damo sami sebi
09:52
an opportunity to engage
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priliku da se uključe
09:54
that validates their dignity,
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na dostojanstven način,
09:56
validates a partnership relationship,
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u partnerskoj vezi,
09:58
not a relationship that's based
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ne u tradicionalnom odnosu
10:00
on the traditional sort of donor beneficiary
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između donatora i primatelja donacije
10:03
weirdness that can happen.
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koji može ispasti neugodan.
10:05
But instead a relationship that can promote respect
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Umjesto toga želimo odnos poštovanja
10:08
and hope
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i nade
10:10
and this optimism
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i optimizma
10:12
that together we can move forward.
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da zajedno možemo naprijed.
10:15
So what I hope is that,
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Ono što se ja nadam
10:17
not only can the money keep flowing forth through Kiva --
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je ne samo da novac nastavi teći kroz Kivu -
10:19
that's a very positive and meaningful thing --
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to je vrlo pozitivna i smislena stvar -
10:21
but I hope Kiva can blur those lines, like I said,
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nego i da Kiva uspije zamutiti te granice, kao što sam rekla,
10:23
between the traditional rich and poor categories
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između tradicionalnih kategorija bogatstva i siromaštva
10:25
that we're taught to see in the world,
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koje smo naučeni vidjeti u svijetu,
10:27
this false dichotomy of us and them, have and have not.
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te lažne dihotomije između njih i nas, onih koji imaju i onih koji nemaju.
10:30
I hope that Kiva can blur those lines.
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Nadam se da Kiva može zamutiti te granice.
10:32
Because as that happens,
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Jer, kad se to dogodi,
10:34
I think we can feel free to interact
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mislim da možemo surađivati
10:36
in a way that's more open, more just and more creative,
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na način koji je otvoreniji, pravedniji i kreativniji,
10:39
to engage with each other and to help each other.
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kako bismo mogli međusobno sudjelovati i pomagati jedni drugima.
10:42
Imagine how you feel
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Zamislite kako se osjećate
10:44
when you see somebody on street who is begging
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kad vidite nekog kako prosi na ulici
10:47
and you're about to approach them.
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i upravo mu prilazite.
10:49
Imagine how you feel;
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Zamislite kako se osjećate.
10:51
and then imagine the difference when you might see somebody
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I zamislite razliku kad vidite nekog
10:53
who has a story of entrepreneurship and hard work
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tko ima priču o poduzetništvu i radu
10:56
who wants to tell you about their business.
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i tko vam želi pričati o svom poslu.
10:59
Maybe they're smiling, and they want to talk to you about what they've done.
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Možda se smiješe, i žele vam ispričati što su napravili.
11:02
Imagine if you're speaking with somebody
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Zamislite da pričate s nekim
11:04
who's growing things and making them flourish,
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tko uzgaja stvari i čini da rastu,
11:07
somebody who's using their talents
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netko tko koristi svoje talente
11:10
to do something productive,
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da učini nešto produktivno,
11:12
somebody who's built their own business from scratch,
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netko tko izgrađuje svoje poslovanje iz ničeg,
11:15
someone who is surrounded by abundance,
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netko okružen obiljem,
11:17
not scarcity,
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ne oskudnošću,
11:19
who's in fact creating abundance,
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onaj tko stvara obilje,
11:21
somebody with full hands with something to offer,
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netko tko ima što za ponuditi,
11:24
not empty hands
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a ne praznih ruku
11:26
asking for you to give them something.
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tražeći da im nešto udijelite.
11:29
Imagine if you could hear a story you didn't expect
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Zamislite da možete čuti priču koju niste očekivali
11:31
of somebody who wakes up every day
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nekog tko se budi svaki dan
11:33
and works very, very hard to make their life better.
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i radi vrlo, vrlo marljivo da poboljša svoj život.
11:36
These stories can really change the way that we think about each other.
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Ove priče stvarno mogu promijeniti način na koji razmišljamo jedni o drugima.
11:39
And if we can catalyze
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I ako možemo katalizirati
11:41
a supportive community to come around these individuals
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zajednicu koja podržava ove pojedince
11:44
and to participate in their story
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i sudjeluje u njihovim pričama
11:46
by lending a little bit of money,
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posuđujući malo novca,
11:48
I think that can change the way we believe in each other
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mislim da možemo izmijeniti način na koji vjerujemo jedni drugima
11:50
and each other's potential.
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i u potencijal drugih.
11:52
Now for me, Kiva is just the beginning.
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Za mene, Kiva je tek početak.
11:54
And as I look forward to what is next,
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I kako gledam naprijed u ono što dolazi,
11:56
it's been helpful to reflect on the things I've learned so far.
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pomoglo mi je prisjetiti se što sam dosad naučila.
11:59
The first one is, as I mentioned, entrepreneurship was a new idea to me.
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Prvo, kao što sam i bila spomenula, poduzetništvo mi je bila nova ideja.
12:02
Kiva borrowers, as I interviewed them and got to know them over the last few years,
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Kivini zajmoprimci su me kroz sve ove godine
12:05
have taught me what entrepreneurship is.
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naučili što je poduzetništvo.
12:07
And I think, at its core, it's deciding that you want your life to be better.
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I mislim da je, u svojoj srži, to odluka da želiš bolji život.
12:10
You see an opportunity
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Vidiš priliku
12:12
and you decide what you're going to do to try to seize that.
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i odlučiš da ćeš je pokušati iskoristiti.
12:14
In short, it's deciding that tomorrow can better than today
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Ukratko, to je odluka da sutra može biti bolje od danas
12:16
and going after that.
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i ispunjenje tog cilja.
12:18
Second thing that I've learned is that loans are a very interesting tool for connectivity.
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Drugo, naučila sam kako su krediti zanimljivo sredstvo spajanja.
12:21
So they're not a donation.
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Oni nisu donacije.
12:23
Yeah, maybe it doesn't sound that much different.
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Da, možda vam se ne čini bitno različitim.
12:25
But in fact, when you give something to someone
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Ali u stvari, kad nekome date nešto
12:27
and they say, "Thanks," and let you know how things go,
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i oni kažu "Hvala", i kasnije vam jave kako je to prošlo,
12:29
that's one thing.
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to je jedna stvar.
12:31
When you lend them money, and they slowly pay you back over time,
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Kad im posudite novac, i oni ga s vremenom polako vraćaju,
12:34
you have this excuse to have an ongoing dialogue.
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imate izliku za održavanje trajnog dijaloga.
12:36
This continued attention -- this ongoing attention --
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Ova kontinuirana pažnja, ova neprestana pažnja,
12:38
is a really big deal
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je stvarno bitna
12:40
to build different kinds of relationships among us.
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za izgradnju različitih odnosa među nama.
12:43
And then third, from what I've heard from the entrepreneurs I've gotten to know,
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I treće, prema onom što su mi rekli poduzetnici koje sam upoznala,
12:46
when all else is equal,
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ako je sve drugo isto,
12:48
given the option to have just money to do what you need to do,
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ako je izbor da vam netko samo da novac,
12:51
or money plus the support and encouragement
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ili da dobijete i novac i podršku i poticaj
12:54
of a global community,
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globalne zajednice,
12:56
people choose the community plus the money.
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ljudi odabiru zajednicu plus novac.
12:58
That's a much more meaningful combination, a more powerful combination.
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To je puno smislenija kombinacija, snažnija kombinacija.
13:01
So with that in mind, this particular incident
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Ako imate to na umu, taj događaj
13:03
has led to the things that I'm working on now.
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je vodio do stvari na kojima sada radim.
13:06
I see entrepreneurs everywhere now, now that I'm tuned into this.
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Sada vidim poduzetnike svugdje, sada kada sam u tome.
13:08
And one thing that I've seen
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I jedna od stvari koje sam vidjela
13:10
is there are a lot of supportive communities that already exist in the world.
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je da već postoji puno podupirućih zajednica na svijetu.
13:12
With social networks,
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Društvene mreže
13:14
it's an amazing way, growing the number of people that we all have around us
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su fantastične, i čine da podupiruće zajednice oko nas
13:17
in our own supportive communities, rapidly.
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brzo rastu.
13:20
And so, as I have been thinking about this,
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I tako, dok sam razmišljala o tome
13:22
I've been wondering: how can we engage these supportive communities
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pitala sam se: kako da uključimo ove podupiruće zajednice
13:25
to catalyze even more entrepreneurial ideas
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da kataliziraju još više poduzetničkih ideja
13:27
and to catalyze all of us
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i da kataliziraju sve nas
13:29
to make tomorrow better than today?
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da postignemo bolje sutra?
13:32
As I've researched what's going on in the United States,
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Istraživala sam što se događa u Sjedinjenim Državama
13:34
a few interesting little insights have come up.
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i par zanimljivih stvari se pojavilo.
13:36
So one is that, of course, as we all might expect,
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Naravno, kao što smo mogli i očekivati,
13:39
many small businesses in the U.S. and all over the world
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puno malih poduzeća u SAD-u i po cijelom svijetu
13:41
still need money to grow and to do more of what they want to do
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još uvijek trebaju novac za rast i ispunjenje svojih ciljeva,
13:44
or they might need money during a hard month.
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ili bi im mogao zatrebati novac u teškim vremenima.
13:46
But there's always a need for resources close by.
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Uvijek postoji potreba za resursima blizu nas.
13:49
Another thing is, it turns out,
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Ali, ispostavilo se
13:51
those resources don't usually come from the places you might expect --
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da ti resursi obično ne dolaze iz mjesta koje bi mogli očekivati -
13:54
banks, venture capitalists,
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banaka, poduzetničkih kapitalista,
13:56
other organizations and support structures --
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drugih organizacija i potpornih struktura -
13:58
they come from friends and family.
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obično dolaze od prijatelja i obitelji.
14:00
Some statistics say 85 percent or more of funding for small businesses
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Prema nekim statističkim podacima, više od 85 posto sredstava za mala poduzeća
14:02
comes from friends and family.
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dolazi od prijatelja i obitelji.
14:04
That's around 130 billion dollars a year --
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Oko 130 milijardi dolara godišnje.
14:06
it's a lot.
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To je puno.
14:08
And third, so as people are doing this friends and family fundraising process,
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Treće, kad ljudi prikupljaju novac od obitelji i prijatelja
14:11
it's very awkward, people don't know exactly what to ask for,
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bude im neugodno, ne znaju točno što tražiti,
14:13
how to ask, what to promise in return,
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kako tražiti, što obećati zauzvrat,
14:15
even though they have the best of intentions
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iako imaju najbolju namjeru
14:17
and want to thank those people that are supporting them.
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i žele zahvaliti ljudima koji ih podupiru.
14:20
So to harness the power of these supportive communities in a new way
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Kako bi iskoristili moć ovih podupirućih zajednica na nov način
14:23
and to allow entrepreneurs to decide for themselves
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i dozvolili poduzetnicima da odlučuju za sebe
14:25
exactly what that financial exchange should look like,
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točno kako ta financijska razmjena treba izgledati,
14:27
exactly what fits them and the people around them,
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kako će odgovarati njima i ljudima oko njih,
14:30
this week actually,
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baš ovaj tjedan,
14:32
we're quietly doing a launch of Profounder,
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potiho pokrećemo Profounder,
14:34
which is a crowd funding platform for small businesses to raise what they need
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platformu za financiranje malih poduzeća kako bi prikupili potrebna sredstva
14:37
through investments from their friends and family.
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kroz investicije svojih obitelji i prijatelja.
14:39
And it's investments, not donations, not loans,
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To su investicije, ne donacije ili pozajmice,
14:41
but investments that have a dynamic return.
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investicije koje imaju dinamičan povrat.
14:43
So the mapping of participating in the story,
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Sudjelovanje u ovim pričama
14:45
it actually flows with the up and down.
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ima svoje uspone i padove.
14:47
So in short, it's a do-it-yourself tool
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Ukratko, to je alat tipa uradi-sam
14:50
for small businesses to raise these funds.
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da male firme prikupe potreban kapital.
14:52
And what you can do is go onto the site, create a profile,
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Možete otići na stranicu, stvoriti profil,
14:55
create investment terms in a really easy way.
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stvoriti uvijete investiranja na jednostavan način.
14:57
We make it really, really simple for me
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Napravili smo to jako jednostavno za mene
14:59
as well as anyone else who wants to use the site.
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kao i za sve koji žele koristiti stranicu.
15:01
And we allow entrepreneurs to share a percentage of their revenues.
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Omogućavamo poduzetnicima da podijele dio svojih prihoda.
15:03
They can raise up to a million dollars
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Mogu prikupiti do milijun dolara
15:05
from an unlimited number of unaccredited, unsophisticated investors --
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od neograničenog broja nestručnih, nesofisticiranih investitora -
15:08
everyday people, heaven forbid --
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običnih ljudi -
15:10
and they can share those returns over time --
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i onda dijele te povrate s njima kroz vrijeme -
15:12
again, whatever terms they set.
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po dogovorenim uvjetima.
15:14
As investors choose to become involved
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Kako investitori odluče sudjelovati,
15:16
based on those terms,
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ovisno o tim uvjetima,
15:18
they can either take their rewards back as cash,
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nagrade mogu podignuti kao gotovinu
15:20
or they can decide in advance
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ili mogu unaprijed odlučiti
15:22
to give those returns away to a non-profit.
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da te povrate predaju neprofitnoj organizaciji.
15:24
So they can be a cash, or a cause, investor.
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Tako da mogu biti investitor za novac ili za dobru stvar.
15:27
It's my hope that this kind of tool can show anybody who has an idea
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Nadam se da ovakav alat može pokazati svakome s idejom
15:30
a path to go do what they want to do in the world
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put kako postići ono što žele
15:32
and to gather the people around them that they already have,
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i skupiti oko sebe ljude koji su već tu,
15:34
the people that know them best
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ljude koji ih najbolje znaju
15:36
and that love them and want to support them,
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i koji ih vole i žele ih poduprijeti,
15:38
to gather them to make this happen.
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skupiti ih i ostvariti to.
15:40
So that's what I'm working on now.
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Na tome sad radim.
15:42
And to close, I just want to say, look these are tools.
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I za kraj, želim samo reći da pogledate ove alate.
15:44
Right now, Profounder's right at the very beginning,
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Trenutno, Profounder je na samom početku
15:46
and it's very palpable; it's very clear to me, that it's just a vessel, it's just a tool.
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i jasno mi je kako je to samo sredstvo, samo alat.
15:49
What we need are for people to care, to actually go use it,
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Ono što želimo je da ljudima bude stalo da ga koriste,
15:52
just like they've cared enough to use Kiva
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kao što im je bilo dovoljno stalo da koriste Kivu
15:54
to make those connections.
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i da stvore te veze.
15:56
But the good news is I don't think I need to stand here and convince you to care --
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Ali, dobra vijest je da ne mislim da vam trebam reći da vam bude stalo.
15:58
I'm not even going to try.
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Neću ni pokušati.
16:00
I don't think, even though we often hear,
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Ne mislim, iako to često čujemo
16:02
you know, hear the ethical and moral reasons,
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poslušajte etičke i moralne razloge,
16:04
the religious reasons,
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religiozne razloge,
16:06
"Here's why caring and giving will make you happier."
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"Evo zašto će vas briga i davanje učiniti sretnima."
16:09
I don't think we need to be convinced of that. I think we know;
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Ne mislim da vas treba uvjeriti u to. Mislim da znamo.
16:12
in fact, I think we know so much,
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Štoviše, mislim da to toliko znamo,
16:14
and it's such a reality
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to nam je toliko stvarno
16:16
that we care so deeply,
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da nam je toliko duboko stalo,
16:18
that in fact, what usually stops us
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da nas, u stvari, to sprječava
16:20
is that we're afraid to try and to mess up,
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što smo uplašeni da pokušamo i zabrljamo,
16:22
because we care so very much about helping each other
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jer nam je toliko stalo da pomognemo jedni drugima
16:24
and being meaningful in each other's lives.
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i budemo smisleni jedni drugima u životu.
16:27
So what I think I can do today,
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Ono što mislim da mogu napraviti danas,
16:30
that best thing I can give you --
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najbolje što vam mogu dati -
16:32
I've given you my story, which is the best I can do.
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je moja priča, to je najviše što mogu.
16:34
And I think I can remind us that we do care.
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I mislim da nas mogu podsjetiti da nam je stalo.
16:37
I think we all already know that.
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Ali mislim da to već znamo.
16:39
And I think we know that love is resilient enough
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I znamo kako je ljubav dovoljno otporna
16:42
for us to get out there and try.
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da krenemo i pokušamo.
16:45
Just a sec.
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Samo trenutak.
16:51
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
16:53
Thanks.
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Hvala.
16:55
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
17:05
Thanks.
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Hvala.
17:07
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
17:09
For me, the best way to be inspired to try
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Za mene, najbolje način da budem inspirirana da pokušam
17:12
is to stop and to listen
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je stati i poslušati
17:14
to someone else's story.
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nečiju priču.
17:16
And I'm grateful that I've gotten to do that here at TED.
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I zahvalna sam što sam mogla to učiniti na TED-u.
17:19
And I'm grateful that whenever I do that,
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Zahvalna sam što, kad god to napravim,
17:22
guaranteed, I am inspired --
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uvijek sam nadahnuta,
17:24
I am inspired by the person I am listening to.
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nadahnuta sam osobom koju slušam.
17:27
And I believe more and more every time I listen
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I vjerujem sve više svaki put kad slušam
17:30
in that that person's potential to do great things in the world
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u potencijal te osobe da učini velike stvari u svijetu
17:33
and in my own potential to maybe help.
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i u moj potencijal da možda pomognem.
17:36
And that --
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I to -
17:38
forget the tools, forget the moving around of resources --
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zaboravite na alate, preslagivanje resursa -
17:40
that stuff's easy.
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to je lako.
17:42
Believing in each other,
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Vjerovanje u druge,
17:44
really being sure when push comes to shove
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doista biti siguran kad je situacija teška
17:46
that each one of us can do amazing things in the world,
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da svatko od nas može učiniti divne stvari na svijetu,
17:49
that is what can make our stories into love stories
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to može naše priče pretvoriti u ljubavne priče
17:52
and our collective story
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i našu zajedničku priču
17:54
into one that continually perpetuates hope
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u jednu koja trajno produljuje nadu
17:56
and good things for all of us.
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da dobre stvari čekaju sve nas.
17:58
So that, this belief in each other,
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Ova vjera jednih u druge,
18:00
knowing that without a doubt
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znajući bez sumnje
18:02
and practicing that every day in whatever you do,
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i to prakticirajući svaki dan u svemu što radite,
18:04
that's what I believe will change the world and make tomorrow better than today.
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to je ono što mislim da će promijeniti svijet i učiniti da sutra bude bolje nego danas.
18:07
Thank you.
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Hvala.
18:09
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Jessica Jackley - MicrolenderJessica Jackley is the co-founder of Kiva.org, an online community that helps individuals loan small amounts of money, called microloans, to entrepreneurs throughout the world.
Why you should listen
Seven years ago, Jessica Jackley heard a speech by Grameen Bank founder Muhammad Yunus, an economist from Bangladesh who had developed the idea of microcredit: loans offered to entrepreneurs too poor to qualify for traditional bank loans. She says, "I was so completely blown away by the idea that I quit my job, dropped everything and moved to East Africa to help." In late 2005 she co-founded Kiva.org with Matt Flannery.
Kiva uses a peer-to-peer model in which lenders sort through profiles of potential borrowers -- be they a farmer in Cambodia, a pharmacist in Sierra Leone, or a shopkeeper in Mongolia -- and make loans to those they find most appealing. The minimum loan is $25, and the interest rate is 0%. The repayment rate for loans is more than 98%, Jackley says, and since the group was founded almost 700,000 people have pledged $128 million in loans to more than 325,000 people. Jackley's latest project is ProFounder, a new platform that helps small businesses in the United States access startup funding through community investing.
Jessica Jackley | Speaker | TED.com