Allan Adams: What the discovery of gravitational waves means
Allan Adams: Co znamená objev gravitačních vln
Allan Adams is a theoretical physicist working at the intersection of fluid dynamics, quantum field theory and string theory. Full bio
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vzájemně chytily do spirály
proměnily hmotu
v čistou energii.
their energy in light.
svou energii ven coby světlo.
into the fabric of space and time itself,
do samotného přediva prostoru a času,
in gravitational waves.
v gravitačních vlnách.
of the timescale at work here.
časovém měřítku tu mluvíme.
multicellular life.
mnohobuněčný život.
a rozvinout se
and even -- God save us -- the Internet.
lidem a – propána – i internetu.
and Ronald Drever at Caltech --
Ronald Drever na Caltechu –
for the gravitational waves
že jsou blázni.
that they were brilliant nuts
že jde o geniální blázny,
decided to fund their crazy idea.
rozhodla jejich šílený nápad financovat.
Gravitational-Wave Observatory.
observatoř gravitačních vln.
a huge expansion in its accuracy,
velkým zpřesňováním
in its detection ability.
svých pátracích schopností.
Pokročilé LIGO.
a few lingering details.
had gone live,
from those colliding black holes
ze srážky černých děr
There's two moments in my life
Prožil jsem jen dvě chvíle
to my father when he was terminally ill.
se svým na smrt nemocným otcem.
of my career, basically.
završení mé kariéry.
it's no longer science fiction! (Laughs)
a už to není jenom sci-fi! (smích)
and collaborator, Scott Hughes,
přítel a kolega Scott Hughes,
gravitational waves from black holes
gravitační vlny z černých děr
on observatories like LIGO,
k observatořím jako je LIGO,
what I mean by a gravitational wave.
tou gravitační vlnou.
of general relativity
obecné teorie relativity
in their classes on general relativity.
aby předvedla tento princip:
it stretches and expands."
smrští a natáhne."
they're preposterously weak.
nemožně slabé.
on September 14 --
14. září –
stretched and compressed
to natáhlo a smrštilo,
the average person
průměrého člověka
velký dílek jeho samého.
the LIGO people were nuts.
že lidé kolem LIGO jsou blázni.
long -- and that's already crazy --
detektorem – což je šílené samo o sobě –
the length of those detectors
of the radius of the nucleus
poloměru
of his classic text on gravity,
o gravitaci
spoluzakladatel LIGO,
for gravitational waves as follows:
to be surmounted
of a broad lay public,
podaří překonat."
acts like an ear
víc jako ucho,
than the things around you,
než věci kolem vás,
or a map of the things around you,
nebo mapy věcí kolem vás,
přicházející z různých míst
coming from different spots
that can be up to 50 feet long.
dosahuje až 15 metrů.
impossible -- to make an image
si vytvořit obrázek
to listen for features like pitch
rysy jako je výška,
za událost.
of gravitational waves.
of things out in the Universe.
jednoduchých obrázků vesmíru.
of those waves,
that those waves are telling.
který vlny vypráví.
are in the audio band.
jsou ve stejném spektru jako zvuk.
into pressure waves and air, into sound,
na tlakové vlny vzduchu – tedy zvuk –
the Universe speaking to us.
jak k nám vesmír promlouvá.
just in this way,
of two black holes,
o kolizi dvou černých děr,
an awful lot of time thinking about.
přemýšlí už tak strašně dlouho.
are non-spinning,
nerotují,
very rapidly, I have that same chirp,
dostaneme stejný zvuk,
imprinted on this waveform.
jakým se rotace vepisuje do vlnění.
going to live in my memory,
zapsal do paměti,
that is the sound of --
tak tohle je zvuk –
each of about 30 solar masses,
každé o hmotnosti asi 30 Sluncí,
in your blender.
to think about what that means.
a zamyslet se, co to znamená.
in the Universe,
nejhustší objekty ve vesmíru,
100 times per second
100 otáček za sekundu
to observe the Universe
jak pozorovat vesmír,
that we can't see --
co nelze spatřit –
stars explode in supernovae.
masivní hvězdy výbuchem mění na supernovy.
about the Universe from them.
naučili o vesmíru.
physics happens in the core,
se děje v jádře,
thousands of kilometers
it's opaque to light.
světlo tím neprojde.
as if it were glass --
jako by to bylo sklo –
to be able to explore
moci prozkoumat
is obscured by its own afterglow.
za svým vlastním zábleskem.
all the way back to the beginning.
až na samý počátek.
are things out there
nepředstavujeme –
discover by listening.
že budeme naslouchat.
in that very first event,
už při svém prvním spuštění
members of the LIGO collaboration,
jeden z klíčových členů
addressing exactly that:
which produce the black holes
ze kterého vznikají černé díry,
that are old, from prehistoric times,
staré, prehistorické,
the dinosaur bones
kosti dinosaurů, které jsou
a whole nother angle
získat nový pohled na to,
and in the end, of course,
a konečně, samozřejmě,
to build exquisite detectors
fantastické detektory,
new observatories --
stavět nové observatoře –
than listening to the Big Bang itself?
než poslechnout si Velký třesk?
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Allan Adams - Theoretical physicistAllan Adams is a theoretical physicist working at the intersection of fluid dynamics, quantum field theory and string theory.
Why you should listen
Allan Adams is a theoretical physicist working at the intersection of fluid dynamics, quantum field theory and string theory. His research in theoretical physics focuses on string theory both as a model of quantum gravity and as a strong-coupling description of non-gravitational systems.
Like water, string theory enjoys many distinct phases in which the low-energy phenomena take qualitatively different forms. In its most familiar phases, string theory reduces to a perturbative theory of quantum gravity. These phases are useful for studying, for example, the resolution of singularities in classical gravity, or the set of possibilities for the geometry and fields of spacetime. Along these lines, Adams is particularly interested in microscopic quantization of flux vacua, and in the search for constraints on low-energy physics derived from consistency of the stringy UV completion.
In other phases, when the gravitational interactions become strong and a smooth spacetime geometry ceases to be a good approximation, a more convenient description of string theory may be given in terms of a weakly-coupled non-gravitational quantum field theory. Remarkably, these two descriptions—with and without gravity—appear to be completely equivalent, with one remaining weakly-coupled when its dual is strongly interacting. This equivalence, known as gauge-gravity duality, allows us to study strongly-coupled string and quantum field theories by studying perturbative features of their weakly-coupled duals. Gauge-gravity duals have already led to interesting predictions for the quark-gluon plasma studied at RHIC. A major focus of Adams's present research is to use such dualities to find weakly-coupled descriptions of strongly-interacting condensed matter systems which can be realized in the lab.Allan Adams | Speaker | TED.com