Allan Adams: What the discovery of gravitational waves means
Allan Adams: Qué significa el descubrimiento de las ondas gravitacionales
Allan Adams is a theoretical physicist working at the intersection of fluid dynamics, quantum field theory and string theory. Full bio
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encerrados en una espiral,
de unas tres masas solares
en una décima de un segundo.
que todas las estrellas
their energy in light.
en forma de luz.
son agujeros negros.
into the fabric of space and time itself,
al propio tejido del espacio-tiempo
in gravitational waves.
en ondas gravitacionales.
of the timescale at work here.
multicellular life.
solo la vida multicelular.
se formaron y evolucionaron
and even -- God save us -- the Internet.
gente e incluso, Dios nos libre, Internet.
audaz de gente,
and Ronald Drever at Caltech --
y Ronald Drever de Caltech,
for the gravitational waves
de agujeros negros.
that they were brilliant nuts
que eran mentes brillantes
decided to fund their crazy idea.
EE.UU. decidió financiar su idea loca.
de arduo trabajo,
Gravitational-Wave Observatory.
de interferómetro láser.
a huge expansion in its accuracy,
una gran expansión en su exactitud,
in its detection ability.
en su capacidad de detección.
a few lingering details.
algunos detalles.
had gone live,
el detector estuviera funcionando,
from those colliding black holes
los agujeros negros en colisión
Hay dos momentos en mi vida
There's two moments in my life
despedirme de mi padre
to my father when he was terminally ill.
of my career, basically.
mi carrera, básicamente.
it's no longer science fiction! (Laughs)
y no es ciencia ficción. (Risas)
and collaborator, Scott Hughes,
y colaborador, Scott Hughes,
gravitacionales de los agujeros negros
gravitational waves from black holes
on observatories like LIGO,
en observatorios como LIGO,
what I mean by a gravitational wave.
qué es una onda gravitacional.
instructores de la relatividad general
of general relativity
in their classes on general relativity.
en sus clases la relatividad general.
it stretches and expands."
se estira y se expande".
con las ondas gravitacionales
they're preposterously weak.
que son absurdamente débiles.
on September 14 --
el 14 de septiembre,
stretched and compressed
se estirara y comprimiera
the average person
la persona promedio se extendería
the LIGO people were nuts.
que la gente de LIGO estaba loca.
long -- and that's already crazy --
de 5 km de largo, y eso ya es una locura,
the length of those detectors
la longitud de los detectores
of the radius of the nucleus
del radio del núcleo
of his classic text on gravity,
de su texto clásico de la gravedad,
for gravitational waves as follows:
ondas gravitacionales así.
to be surmounted
que hay que superar
of a broad lay public,
un amplio público, en general,
se superarán".
acts like an ear
LIGO actúa como un oído
una longitud de onda, un tamaño,
than the things around you,
que las cosas a su alrededor,
un mapa de las cosas de alrededor,
or a map of the things around you,
coming from different spots
de diferentes lugares
una longitud de onda
that can be up to 50 feet long.
unos 15 m de largo.
impossible -- to make an image
que hagan una imagen
to listen for features like pitch
escuchar características de timbre,
tras los sonidos.
of gravitational waves.
a las ondas gravitacionales.
of things out in the Universe.
simples de las cosas del Universo.
of those waves,
y la frecuencia de esas ondas,
that those waves are telling.
de lo que dicen esas ondas.
are in the audio band.
están en la banda de audio.
into pressure waves and air, into sound,
en ondas de presión de aire y en sonido,
the Universe speaking to us.
cómo nos habla el Universo.
just in this way,
la gravedad, simplemente así,
la colisión de dos agujeros negros,
of two black holes,
an awful lot of time thinking about.
ha dedicado gran cantidad de tiempo.
are non-spinning,
agujeros negros no giran,
¡Whoop!
very rapidly, I have that same chirp,
obtengo el mismo chirrido,
en la parte superior,
whir, whir, whir...
imprinted on this waveform.
de giro impreso en forma de onda.
going to live in my memory,
perdurará en mi memoria,
that is the sound of --
es el sonido de...
de unas 30 masas solares cada uno,
each of about 30 solar masses,
in your blender.
en qué significa eso.
to think about what that means.
in the Universe,
lo más denso del Universo,
100 times per second
100 veces por segundo
to observe the Universe
nueva de observar el Universo
escuchar el Universo
that we can't see --
que no podemos ver...
ni siquiera en principio.
stars explode in supernovae.
muy masivas explotan en supernovas.
about the Universe from them.
sobre el universo.
interesante ocurre en el núcleo,
physics happens in the core,
thousands of kilometers
it's opaque to light.
es opaco a la luz.
as if it were glass --
por el hierro como si fuera vidrio,
to be able to explore
Me encantaría poder explorar
is obscured by its own afterglow.
oscurecido por su propio resplandor.
all the way back to the beginning.
hasta el principio.
are things out there
discover by listening.
in that very first event,
clave de la colaboración con LIGO,
members of the LIGO collaboration,
addressing exactly that:
abordando exactamente eso:
que producen los agujeros negros
which produce the black holes
that are old, from prehistoric times,
de tiempos prehistóricos,
como los huesos de dinosaurio
the dinosaur bones
a whole nother angle
tener todo un ángulo
and in the end, of course,
a formarse, y al final, claro,
to build exquisite detectors
construir detectores exquisitos
y construir nuevos observatorios...
new observatories --
de observatorios,
than listening to the Big Bang itself?
que escuchar el Big Bang?
es soñar en grande.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Allan Adams - Theoretical physicistAllan Adams is a theoretical physicist working at the intersection of fluid dynamics, quantum field theory and string theory.
Why you should listen
Allan Adams is a theoretical physicist working at the intersection of fluid dynamics, quantum field theory and string theory. His research in theoretical physics focuses on string theory both as a model of quantum gravity and as a strong-coupling description of non-gravitational systems.
Like water, string theory enjoys many distinct phases in which the low-energy phenomena take qualitatively different forms. In its most familiar phases, string theory reduces to a perturbative theory of quantum gravity. These phases are useful for studying, for example, the resolution of singularities in classical gravity, or the set of possibilities for the geometry and fields of spacetime. Along these lines, Adams is particularly interested in microscopic quantization of flux vacua, and in the search for constraints on low-energy physics derived from consistency of the stringy UV completion.
In other phases, when the gravitational interactions become strong and a smooth spacetime geometry ceases to be a good approximation, a more convenient description of string theory may be given in terms of a weakly-coupled non-gravitational quantum field theory. Remarkably, these two descriptions—with and without gravity—appear to be completely equivalent, with one remaining weakly-coupled when its dual is strongly interacting. This equivalence, known as gauge-gravity duality, allows us to study strongly-coupled string and quantum field theories by studying perturbative features of their weakly-coupled duals. Gauge-gravity duals have already led to interesting predictions for the quark-gluon plasma studied at RHIC. A major focus of Adams's present research is to use such dualities to find weakly-coupled descriptions of strongly-interacting condensed matter systems which can be realized in the lab.Allan Adams | Speaker | TED.com