Dan Ariely: How equal do we want the world to be? You'd be surprised
Дан Ариели: Какво равенство искаме да има в света? Би се изненадал.
The dismal science of economics is not as firmly grounded in actual behavior as was once supposed. In "Predictably Irrational," Dan Ariely told us why. Full bio
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objective in life,
these color-tinted glasses
че гледаме през различни очила
something as simple as beer.
on intensity and bitterness,
по вкус и горчивост,
different space.
to be objective about it?
it would be very simple.
you tasted the same beer,
things would look slightly different.
нещата ще изглеждат по различен начин.
be able to distinguish them,
will be Guinness.
something from their physiology?
имат някакви очаквания oт нея?
pain medications.
обезболяващи.
the medications were expensive.
pain medication worked better.
do change our physiology.
our preconceived notions
в които нашите предварителни нагласи
in more important questions?
that had to do with social justice?
what is the blind tasting version
level of inequality we have?
колко голямо е неравенството?
do we want to have?
the poorest on the right
the next 20 percent,
and the richest 20 percent.
и най-богатите 20%.
how much wealth do you think
във всяка една от групите.
imagine I ask you to tell me,
is concentrated
че е концентрирано
and have a number.
have a real number in your mind.
и предположете едно число.
of Americans tell us.
has 58 percent of the wealth.
имат 58 % от богатството.
to what you thought.
което вие предположихте.
has 0.1 percent of the wealth.
has 0.2 percent of the wealth.
has 84-85 percent of the wealth.
от богатството.
and what we think we have
и какво си мислим, че имаме
the philosopher John Rawls.
of what's a just society.
you knew everything about it,
to enter it in a random place.
на произволно място.
you might want the wealthy
би искал богатите
want more equality.
би искал по-голямо равенство.
to go into that society
and you don't know,
което не знаеш предварително,
in which you don't know
при което не знаеш
when you make a decision,
при взимането на решение,
the "veil of ignorance."
"воала на незнанието".
a large group of Americans,
голяма група американци
in the veil of ignorance.
под воала на незнанието.
that would make you want to join it,
на страна, която би ви привлекла
randomly at any place?
на произволно място?
to the first group,
на първата група,
about 10 percent of the wealth.
около 10 процента от богатството.
14 процента от богатството,
wanted full equality.
не иска пълно равенство.
is a fantastic idea in our sample.
фантастична идея, в нашата извадка.
and what we think we have,
което си мислим, че имаме,
between what we think is right
което си мислим, че е справедливо,
by the way, not just about wealth.
не само за богатството.
from different parts of the world
от различни краища на света,
the same answer.
почти еднакви отговори.
they gave us the same answer,
и те отговарят еднакво,
и читатели на Форбс.
Australia, the U.S. --
Австралия, Щатите --
departments of a university.
различни факултети от университет.
almost every department,
почти всички факултети,
to have more and the [poor] to have less,
да имат повече, а бедните по-малко,
to Harvard Business School.
Бизнес Факултета на Харвард.
about something else.
и за нещо друго.
of CEO pay to unskilled workers?
главен директор и неквалифициран работник.
people think is the ratio,
какво хората мислят, че е съотношението,
what do they think should be the ratio?
well, it's not that bad, right?
Бихте си казали, не е толкова зле, нали ?
are not that different.
не се различават много.
I didn't draw them on the same scale.
в еднакъв мащаб.
and blue in there.
че вътре има жълто и синьо.
of prescription medication?
живот при бебетата?
what we learned was that people
научихме, че хората
which is an outcome of wealth,
in health or education.
здравеопазването и образованието.
are particularly open
when it comes to people
as responsible for their situation.
за ситуацията, в която са.
and we have a desirability gap
и при желанието.
is something that we think about,
как ние възприемаме нещо,
differently about inequality
да погледнат различно на неравенството
in terms of health, education,
в смисъл на здравеопазване, образование,
about what we really want?
по друг начин какво искаме?
the Rawls way of looking at the world,
по който той гледа на света,
out of the picture.
to a higher degree
and actually do something about it?
и да направим нещо?
is to think about people
е да проявяваме грижи
that don't have much agency,
които не са защитени,
more willing to do this.
да правят това.
next time you go to drink beer or wine,
когато отидете да пиете бира или вино,
in your experience that is real,
е истина във възприятието ви
that is a placebo effect
for other decisions in your life,
и на други решения в живота ви,
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Dan Ariely - Behavioral economistThe dismal science of economics is not as firmly grounded in actual behavior as was once supposed. In "Predictably Irrational," Dan Ariely told us why.
Why you should listen
Dan Ariely is a professor of psychology and behavioral economics at Duke University and a founding member of the Center for Advanced Hindsight. He is the author of the bestsellers Predictably Irrational, The Upside of Irrationality, and The Honest Truth About Dishonesty -- as well as the TED Book Payoff: The Hidden Logic that Shapes Our Motivations.
Through his research and his (often amusing and unorthodox) experiments, he questions the forces that influence human behavior and the irrational ways in which we often all behave.
Dan Ariely | Speaker | TED.com