Dan Ariely: How equal do we want the world to be? You'd be surprised
دن آریلی: چه میزان برابری برای جهان می خواهید؟ شکفت زده خواهید شد
The dismal science of economics is not as firmly grounded in actual behavior as was once supposed. In "Predictably Irrational," Dan Ariely told us why. Full bio
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objective in life,
these color-tinted glasses
something as simple as beer.
on intensity and bitterness,
different space.
ویژگیهای متفاوتی را پیدا میکردند.
to be objective about it?
it would be very simple.
خیلی ساده خواهد بود.
you tasted the same beer,
شما هم آبجوها را مزه می کردید،
things would look slightly different.
نتیجه کمی متفاوت خواهد بود.
be able to distinguish them,
که آنها راتشخیص دهید،
will be Guinness.
something from their physiology?
چیزی را از فیزیولوژی خودشان دارند؟
pain medications.
the medications were expensive.
pain medication worked better.
do change our physiology.
our preconceived notions
تصورات از پیش پنداشته ما هستند
in more important questions?
that had to do with social justice?
عدالت اجتماعی کردم می شود چه اتفاقی افتاده؟
what is the blind tasting version
و دیگر کشورها انجام دادیم.
level of inequality we have?
از برابری اجتماعی برخورداریم؟
do we want to have?
را می خواهیم داشته باشیم؟
the poorest on the right
the next 20 percent,
بعدی ۲۰ درصد،
and the richest 20 percent.
و دارا ترین ۲۰ درصد.
how much wealth do you think
چه میزان ثروت را فکر میکنید
imagine I ask you to tell me,
فرض کنید که از شما بخواهم بگویید،
is concentrated
and have a number.
و عدد را بگوید.
have a real number in your mind.
عدد واقعی را در ذهنتان بیاورید.
of Americans tell us.
که بیشتر آمریکایها به ما گفتند.
has 58 percent of the wealth.
که ۵۸ درصد از ثروت را دارا هستند.
to what you thought.
این با آنچه که شما فکر کردید چه تناسبی دارد.
has 0.1 percent of the wealth.
درصد از ثروت را دارا هستند.
has 0.2 percent of the wealth.
has 84-85 percent of the wealth.
از ثروت را در اختیار دارند.
and what we think we have
انچه که ما فکر میکردیم که داریم
the philosopher John Rawls.
of what's a just society.
you knew everything about it,
اگر شما درباره آن همه چیز را بدانید،
to enter it in a random place.
you might want the wealthy
شاید بخواهید که ثروتمندان
want more equality.
شاید برابری بیشتری بخواهید.
to go into that society
and you don't know,
که شما نمی شناسید،
in which you don't know
که شما نمیدانید
when you make a decision,
چه نتیجهای میگیرید،
the "veil of ignorance."
a large group of Americans,
یک گروه بزرگی از آمریکاییها،
in the veil of ignorance.
that would make you want to join it,
randomly at any place?
می خواهید به آن بپیوندید چیست؟
to the first group,
about 10 percent of the wealth.
wanted full equality.
is a fantastic idea in our sample.
بهترین ایده برای این نمونه هست.
and what we think we have,
و آنچه فکر می کنیم داریم، است.
between what we think is right
بین آنچه که فکر میکنیم درست است
by the way, not just about wealth.
نه تنها برای ثروت.
from different parts of the world
the same answer.
they gave us the same answer,
آنها پاسخی مشابه دادند،
Australia, the U.S. --
استرالیا و آمریکا پرسیدم---
departments of a university.
almost every department,
to have more and the [poor] to have less,
و فقرا کمتر،
to Harvard Business School.
در دانشکده بازرگانی هاروارد درس خواندید.
about something else.
of CEO pay to unskilled workers?
به افراد غیرماهر چگونه باشد؟
people think is the ratio,
فکر می کنند یک نسبت است،
what do they think should be the ratio?
فکر میکنند نسبت چقدر باید باشد؟
well, it's not that bad, right?
که این خیلی بد نیست، درسته؟
are not that different.
I didn't draw them on the same scale.
با یک مقیاس نکشیدم.
and blue in there.
یعنی رنگ زرد و آبی را اینجا ببینید.
of prescription medication?
what we learned was that people
چیزی که ما آموختیم این است که مردم
which is an outcome of wealth,
نتیجه نابرابری ثروت هست،
in health or education.
نابرابری برای بهداشت و یا تحصیلات.
are particularly open
when it comes to people
as responsible for their situation.
and we have a desirability gap
و یک شکاف موقعیت مطلوب داریم
is something that we think about,
differently about inequality
تا به نابرابری، متفاوت فکر کنند
in terms of health, education,
about what we really want?
واقعا می خواهیم متفاوت فکر کنند؟
the Rawls way of looking at the world,
شیوهای که رالز به جهان نگاه می کرد،
out of the picture.
to a higher degree
and actually do something about it?
و درواقع برایشان چکار کنیم؟
is to think about people
درباره افرادی
that don't have much agency,
که توانایی زیادی ندارند فکر کنید،
more willing to do this.
که مردم تمایل بیشتری به این دارند.
next time you go to drink beer or wine,
دفعه دیگری که برای نوشیدن آبجو یا شراب رفتید،
in your experience that is real,
در تجربه شما چه چیزی واقعی هست،
that is a placebo effect
for other decisions in your life,
سایر تصمیمانتان در زندگی دارد
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Dan Ariely - Behavioral economistThe dismal science of economics is not as firmly grounded in actual behavior as was once supposed. In "Predictably Irrational," Dan Ariely told us why.
Why you should listen
Dan Ariely is a professor of psychology and behavioral economics at Duke University and a founding member of the Center for Advanced Hindsight. He is the author of the bestsellers Predictably Irrational, The Upside of Irrationality, and The Honest Truth About Dishonesty -- as well as the TED Book Payoff: The Hidden Logic that Shapes Our Motivations.
Through his research and his (often amusing and unorthodox) experiments, he questions the forces that influence human behavior and the irrational ways in which we often all behave.
Dan Ariely | Speaker | TED.com