Dan Ariely: How equal do we want the world to be? You'd be surprised
Dan Ariely: Hur jämlik vill vi att världen ska vara? Du skulle bara veta
The dismal science of economics is not as firmly grounded in actual behavior as was once supposed. In "Predictably Irrational," Dan Ariely told us why. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
att vara objektiv i livet,
objective in life,
these color-tinted glasses
en slags tonade glasögon
something as simple as beer.
på olika sorters öl
on intensity and bitterness,
efter intensitet och bitterhet,
different space.
to be objective about it?
it would be very simple.
skulle det bli väldigt enkelt.
you tasted the same beer,
och du fick smaka på samma ölsort,
things would look slightly different.
skulle allt se lite annorlunda ut.
på samma plats.
skilja dem från varandra,
be able to distinguish them,
will be Guinness.
att vara Guinness.
something from their physiology?
från sin fysiologi?
pain medications.
värktabletter till folk.
the medications were expensive.
pain medication worked better.
fungerade bättre.
do change our physiology.
ändrar vår fysiologi.
our preconceived notions
har våra förutfattade meningar
in more important questions?
that had to do with social justice?
som handlade om social rättvisa?
what is the blind tasting version
som kunde vara ett blindtest
av ojämlikhet vi har?
level of inequality we have?
av ojämlikhet vill vi ha?
do we want to have?
the poorest on the right
med de fattigaste till höger
the next 20 percent,
nästa 20 procent,
and the richest 20 percent.
hur stora tillgångar
how much wealth do you think
tänk att jag ber dig säga
imagine I ask you to tell me,
is concentrated
till ett nummer.
and have a number.
ha en riktig siffra i huvudet.
have a real number in your mind.
of Americans tell us.
tror folk har 58 procent av tillgångarna.
has 58 percent of the wealth.
to what you thought.
till vad du trodde.
har 0,1 procent av tillgångarna.
has 0.1 percent of the wealth.
har 0,2 procent av tillgångarna.
has 0.2 percent of the wealth.
har 84-85 procent av tillgångarna.
has 84-85 percent of the wealth.
and what we think we have
the philosopher John Rawls.
som är ett rättvist samhälle.
of what's a just society.
om man visste allt om det,
you knew everything about it,
to enter it in a random place.
you might want the wealthy
want more equality.
ha mer jämlikhet.
to go into that society
and you don't know,
och man inte vet vilken,
in which you don't know
där man inte vet
when you make a decision,
när man tagit ett beslut,
the "veil of ignorance."
för "okunnighetens slöja".
a large group of Americans,
en stor grupp amerikaner,
in the veil of ignorance.
i okunnighetens slöja.
that would make you want to join it,
som gör att du vill tillhöra det,
randomly at any place?
hamnar någonstans?
to the first group,
about 10 percent of the wealth.
av tillgångarna.
wanted full equality.
is a fantastic idea in our sample.
är en fantastisk idé i vårt exempel.
and what we think we have,
between what we think is right
mellan vad vi tycker är rätt
by the way, not just about wealth.
inte bara om tillgångar.
from different parts of the world
the same answer.
they gave us the same answer,
de gav oss samma svar
Australien, USA -
Australia, the U.S. --
departments of a university.
på ett universitet.
almost every department,
nästan varenda fakultet,
to have more and the [poor] to have less,
ska ha mer och rika mindre,
to Harvard Business School.
gick på Harvard Business School.
about something else.
mellan VD:ars lön och arbetarnas lön.
of CEO pay to unskilled workers?
people think is the ratio,
folk tror finns,
what do they think should be the ratio?
hur stor skillnaden borde vara?
Hur är det i verkligheten?
well, it's not that bad, right?
att det är inte är så illa?
are not that different.
I didn't draw them on the same scale.
ritade dem enligt samma skala.
and blue in there.
att det finns gult och blått där.
konsekvenser av rikedom?
med saker som hälsa?
of prescription medication?
what we learned was that people
såg vi att människor
men det finns andra områden
which is an outcome of wealth,
ojämnt fördelade tillgångar,
in health or education.
inom hälsa eller utbildning.
are particularly open
är speciellt öppna inför
when it comes to people
as responsible for their situation.
är ansvariga för sin situation.
och en klyfta i vad vi strävar efter.
and we have a desirability gap
is something that we think about,
att tänka annorlunda på ojämlikhet
differently about inequality
när det gäller hälsa, utbildning,
in terms of health, education,
about what we really want?
på vad de faktiskt önskar sig?
the Rawls way of looking at the world,
Rawls sätt att se på världen,
out of the picture.
to a higher degree
en handlingsklyfta.
and actually do something about it?
och faktiskt göra något åt dem?
is to think about people
är att tänka på människor
that don't have much agency,
som inte har mycket makt,
more willing to do this.
mer villiga att göra det.
next time you go to drink beer or wine,
att nästa gång du dricker öl eller vin,
in your experience that is real,
i din upplevelse som är verkligt,
that is a placebo effect
som är en placeboeffekt
for other decisions in your life,
för andra beslut i ditt liv,
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Dan Ariely - Behavioral economistThe dismal science of economics is not as firmly grounded in actual behavior as was once supposed. In "Predictably Irrational," Dan Ariely told us why.
Why you should listen
Dan Ariely is a professor of psychology and behavioral economics at Duke University and a founding member of the Center for Advanced Hindsight. He is the author of the bestsellers Predictably Irrational, The Upside of Irrationality, and The Honest Truth About Dishonesty -- as well as the TED Book Payoff: The Hidden Logic that Shapes Our Motivations.
Through his research and his (often amusing and unorthodox) experiments, he questions the forces that influence human behavior and the irrational ways in which we often all behave.
Dan Ariely | Speaker | TED.com