Dan Ariely: How equal do we want the world to be? You'd be surprised
Dan Ariely: Dan Ariely: À quel point désirons-nous que le monde soit égal? Vous seriez surpris!
The dismal science of economics is not as firmly grounded in actual behavior as was once supposed. In "Predictably Irrational," Dan Ariely told us why. Full bio
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objective in life,
these color-tinted glasses
tous des verres teintés
sortes de situations.
something as simple as beer.
d'aussi simple que de la bière.
on intensity and bitterness,
en fonction de la force et de l'amertume
different space.
endroit différent.
to be objective about it?
essayons d'être objectif?
it would be very simple.
ce serait facile.
you tasted the same beer,
avec les mêmes bières,
things would look slightly different.
les résultats seraient ...différents.
au même endroit
be able to distinguish them,
les distinguer.
will be Guinness.
l'on pense à la physiologie.
something from their physiology?
s'attendent à quelque chose?
pain medications.
des analgésiques.
the medications were expensive.
étaient dispendieux.
pain medication worked better.
marchaient mieux.
do change our physiology.
l'effet de notre médication.
s'applique aussi au sport.
our preconceived notions
nos idées préconçues
perception du monde.
in more important questions?
à des questions plus importantes?
that had to do with social justice?
à la justice sociale?
what is the blind tasting version
comment faire un test à l'aveugle
à l'inégalité,
aux États-Unis et dans d'autres pays.
level of inequality we have?
d'inégalité que nous avons?
do we want to have?
que nous désirons avoir?
population des États-Unis,
the poorest on the right
les plus pauvres: 20 %
the next 20 percent,
les prochains,
and the richest 20 percent.
20% chacun.
how much wealth do you think
quel pourcentage de richesse
imagine I ask you to tell me,
is concentrated
le 40% le plus pauvre.
and have a number.
Pensez-y et trouvez un nombre.
have a real number in your mind.
vrai chiffre en tête.
of Americans tell us.
des Américains nous disent.
possèdent respectivement 12% et 20%
has 58 percent of the wealth.
58% de la richesse globale.
to what you thought.
vous aviez pensé.
has 0.1 percent of the wealth.
has 0.2 percent of the wealth.
has 84-85 percent of the wealth.
and what we think we have
et ce qu'il en est vraiment
the philosopher John Rawls.
philosophe John Rawls.
of what's a just society.
de ce qu'est un société juste.
you knew everything about it,
l'entièreté de son fonctionnement
to enter it in a random place.
peu importe notre classe
you might want the wealthy
on désire sans doute être
want more equality.
désire l'égalité.
to go into that society
and you don't know,
in which you don't know
car on ne sait pas
when you make a decision,
d'avoir pris la décision.
the "veil of ignorance."
« le voile d'ignorance ».
a large group of Americans,
autre grand groupe d'Américains
in the veil of ignorance.
voile d'ignorance.
that would make you want to join it,
que vous désireriez joindre, sachant
randomly at any place?
dans n'importe quelle classe?
to the first group,
premier groupe,
about 10 percent of the wealth.
wanted full equality.
is a fantastic idea in our sample.
au sein de notre groupe test.
and what we think we have,
ce que nous avons.
between what we think is right
entre ce que nous pensons être juste
by the way, not just about wealth.
ces mêmes questions
que la richesse.
from different parts of the world
question à des gens provenant
the same answer.
la même réponse.
they gave us the same answer,
pauvres et aux riches,
aux intellectuels.
Australia, the U.S. --
et aux Américains.
departments of a university.
département d'une université.
almost every department,
fait presque chaque département.
l'école de commerce
to have more and the [poor] to have less,
que les nantis aient plus et les riches moins,
to Harvard Business School.
ont été à Harvard.
about something else.
une variante de la question:
of CEO pay to unskilled workers?
paie d'un CEO et d'un employé non formé?
people think is the ratio,
pensaient être le ratio,
what do they think should be the ratio?
well, it's not that bad, right?
n'est pas si pire, non?
are not that different.
pas si différents
I didn't draw them on the same scale.
dessiné sur la même échelle.
and blue in there.
mais il y a du bleu et du jaune au milieu.
composants autre
of prescription medication?
médicaments sous prescription?
pour les jeunes?
what we learned was that people
avons appris, c'est que
des richesses.
which is an outcome of wealth,
qui résulte de la richesse,
in health or education.
dans la santé ou l'éducation.
are particularly open
gens sont ouverts
when it comes to people
s'agit de personnes
et les bébés,
as responsible for their situation.
responsables de leur situation.
and we have a desirability gap
une de désir
is something that we think about,
differently about inequality
différemment à propos de l'inégalité?
in terms of health, education,
sur la santé, l'éducation,
about what we really want?
à propos de ce qu'ils désirent?
the Rawls way of looking at the world,
sa façon de regarder le monde
out of the picture.
de nos motivations égoïstes.
to a higher degree
à une échelle plus grande
différence d'action.
and actually do something about it?
de ces principes?
is to think about people
gens qui n'ont
that don't have much agency,
les jeunes et les bébés,
more willing to do this.
mieux auprès de la population.
next time you go to drink beer or wine,
vous irez boire une bière ou du vin,
in your experience that is real,
sont réelles,
that is a placebo effect
à l'effet placebo, provenant
for other decisions in your life,
dans votre vie de tous les jours,
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Dan Ariely - Behavioral economistThe dismal science of economics is not as firmly grounded in actual behavior as was once supposed. In "Predictably Irrational," Dan Ariely told us why.
Why you should listen
Dan Ariely is a professor of psychology and behavioral economics at Duke University and a founding member of the Center for Advanced Hindsight. He is the author of the bestsellers Predictably Irrational, The Upside of Irrationality, and The Honest Truth About Dishonesty -- as well as the TED Book Payoff: The Hidden Logic that Shapes Our Motivations.
Through his research and his (often amusing and unorthodox) experiments, he questions the forces that influence human behavior and the irrational ways in which we often all behave.
Dan Ariely | Speaker | TED.com