Dan Ariely: How equal do we want the world to be? You'd be surprised
Dan Ariely: Jak moc rovnoprávný svět chceme? Divili byste se...
The dismal science of economics is not as firmly grounded in actual behavior as was once supposed. In "Predictably Irrational," Dan Ariely told us why. Full bio
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objective in life,
these color-tinted glasses
na mnoho rozličných situací,
jako je pivo.
something as simple as beer.
on intensity and bitterness,
podle plnosti a hořkosti,
different space.
to be objective about it?
it would be very simple.
you tasted the same beer,
things would look slightly different.
be able to distinguish them,
will be Guinness.
ze své fyziologie?
something from their physiology?
pain medications.
stejné léky proti bolesti.
the medications were expensive.
že léky jsou drahé,
pain medication worked better.
do change our physiology.
our preconceived notions
in more important questions?
v mnohem důležitějších situacích?
that had to do with social justice?
what is the blind tasting version
zkouška naslepo
rozsáhlých průzkumů
level of inequality we have?
do we want to have?
the poorest on the right
the next 20 percent,
and the richest 20 percent.
a nejbohatších 20 %.
how much wealth do you think
jaké bohatství
imagine I ask you to tell me,
is concentrated
and have a number.
have a real number in your mind.
of Americans tell us.
has 58 percent of the wealth.
odhadli na 58 % jmění.
to what you thought.
has 0.1 percent of the wealth.
has 0.2 percent of the wealth.
has 84-85 percent of the wealth.
and what we think we have
the philosopher John Rawls.
na filozofa Johna Rawlese.
of what's a just society.
you knew everything about it,
na náhodném místě.
to enter it in a random place.
you might want the wealthy
asi budete chtít,
want more equality.
to go into that society
do této společnosti
and you don't know,
a nevíte na jaké,
in which you don't know
při které nevíte,
when you make a decision,
the "veil of ignorance."
a large group of Americans,
velkou skupinu Američanů
in the veil of ignorance.
that would make you want to join it,
ve které byste chtěli žít,
skončit na jakémkoliv místě?
randomly at any place?
to the first group,
about 10 percent of the wealth.
nechtěl úplnou rovnost.
wanted full equality.
is a fantastic idea in our sample.
že socialismus je fantastický nápad.
and what we think we have,
co si myslíme, že máme.
between what we think is right
co si myslíme, že je správné
by the way, not just about wealth.
from different parts of the world
Například jsme se ptali lidí
the same answer.
they gave us the same answer,
odpověděli stejně,
Australia, the U.S. --
v Anglii, Austrálii, ve Státech -
departments of a university.
univerzitních katedrách.
almost every department,
skoro každou katedru,
to have more and the [poor] to have less,
aby bohatí měli více a chudí méně,
na obchodní školu.
to Harvard Business School.
about something else.
ptali i na něco jiného.
of CEO pay to unskilled workers?
a nekvalifikovaného pracovníka?
people think is the ratio,
what do they think should be the ratio?
jaký by ten poměr měl být.
well, it's not that bad, right?
are not that different.
I didn't draw them on the same scale.
nakreslil v jiném měřítku.
and blue in there.
ale žlutá a modrá tam jsou.
of prescription medication?
what we learned was that people
which is an outcome of wealth,
které přitom z bohatství vyplývají,
in health or education.
nebo ve školství.
are particularly open
when it comes to people
as responsible for their situation.
že za svou situaci nemohou.
and we have a desirability gap
a máme rozdíly přání.
is something that we think about,
přemýšlíme o tom,
differently about inequality
aby přemýšleli jinak o nerovnosti
in terms of health, education,
about what we really want?
o věcech, které opravdu chceme?
the Rawls way of looking at the world,
jak se on díval na svět,
out of the picture.
to a higher degree
and actually do something about it?
a skutečně s tím něco uděláme?
is to think about people
přemýšlet o lidech
that don't have much agency,
které mají jen malí vliv.
more willing to do this.
next time you go to drink beer or wine,
až příště půjdete na pivo nebo na víno,
in your experience that is real,
co je podle vaší zkušenosti skutečné
that is a placebo effect
for other decisions in your life,
na vaše rozhodování v životě
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Dan Ariely - Behavioral economistThe dismal science of economics is not as firmly grounded in actual behavior as was once supposed. In "Predictably Irrational," Dan Ariely told us why.
Why you should listen
Dan Ariely is a professor of psychology and behavioral economics at Duke University and a founding member of the Center for Advanced Hindsight. He is the author of the bestsellers Predictably Irrational, The Upside of Irrationality, and The Honest Truth About Dishonesty -- as well as the TED Book Payoff: The Hidden Logic that Shapes Our Motivations.
Through his research and his (often amusing and unorthodox) experiments, he questions the forces that influence human behavior and the irrational ways in which we often all behave.
Dan Ariely | Speaker | TED.com