TEDxDubai
Patricia Ryan: Don't insist on English!
Patricia Ryan: Ne insistirajte na engleskom jeziku!
Filmed:
Readability: 3.6
2,138,668 views
U TEDxDubai, dugogodišnja profesorica engleskog jezika Patricia Ryan postavlja izazovno pitanje: Da li fokus na engleski širom svijeta koči širenje sjajnih ideja na drugim jezicima? (Naprimjer: šta bi bilo da je Einstein morao položiti test o poznavanju engleskog jezika?) Ovaj govor je vatrena odbrana prevođenja i širenja ideja.
Patricia Ryan - Language teacher
Patricia Ryan has spent the past three-plus decades teaching English in Arabic countries -- where she has seen vast cultural (and linguistic) change. Full bio
Patricia Ryan has spent the past three-plus decades teaching English in Arabic countries -- where she has seen vast cultural (and linguistic) change. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:16
I know what you're thinking.
0
1000
2000
Znam šta mislite.
00:18
You think I've lost my way,
1
3000
2000
Mislite da sam se izgubila,
00:20
and somebody's going to come on the stage in a minute
2
5000
2000
i da će neko uskoro doći na binu
00:22
and guide me gently back to my seat.
3
7000
2000
i otpratiti me nazad do sjedišta.
00:24
(Applause)
4
9000
6000
(Aplauz)
00:30
I get that all the time in Dubai.
5
15000
3000
To mi se stalno dešava u Dubajiu.
00:33
"Here on holiday are you, dear?"
6
18000
2000
"Jeste li ovdje na odmoru?"
00:35
(Laughter)
7
20000
2000
(Smijeh)
00:37
"Come to visit the children?
8
22000
3000
"Došli ste posjetiti djecu?
00:40
How long are you staying?"
9
25000
2000
Koliko dugo ostajete?"
00:42
Well actually, I hope for a while longer yet.
10
27000
3000
Zapravo, nadam se da ću još biti tu.
00:45
I have been living and teaching in the Gulf
11
30000
3000
U Zaljevu živim i podučavam
00:48
for over 30 years.
12
33000
2000
preko 30 godina.
00:50
(Applause)
13
35000
4000
(Aplauz)
00:54
And in that time, I have seen a lot of changes.
14
39000
4000
I za to vrijeme sam vidjela mnoge promjene.
00:58
Now that statistic
15
43000
2000
Statistički podaci tih promjena
01:00
is quite shocking.
16
45000
2000
su prilično šokantni.
01:02
And I want to talk to you today
17
47000
2000
Danas vam želim pričati
01:04
about language loss
18
49000
2000
o gubitku jezika
01:06
and the globalization of English.
19
51000
3000
i globalizaciji engleskog jezika.
01:09
I want to tell you about my friend
20
54000
2000
Ispričati ću vam o mom prijatelju
01:11
who was teaching English to adults in Abu Dhabi.
21
56000
3000
koji je u Abu Dhabiju podučavao engleski odraslim osobama.
01:14
And one fine day,
22
59000
2000
Jednog lijepog dana
01:16
she decided to take them into the garden
23
61000
2000
je odlučila da ih izvede u baštu
01:18
to teach them some nature vocabulary.
24
63000
2000
da ih nauči nešto vokabulara iz prirodnog svijeta.
01:20
But it was she who ended up learning
25
65000
2000
Ali je na kraju ona naučila
01:22
all the Arabic words for the local plants,
26
67000
2000
sve arapske riječi za domaće biljke,
01:24
as well as their uses --
27
69000
2000
kao i upotrebu --
01:26
medicinal uses, cosmetics,
28
71000
3000
u medicini, kozmetici,
01:29
cooking, herbal.
29
74000
3000
kuhanju, uzgoju.
01:32
How did those students get all that knowledge?
30
77000
2000
Kako su ti studenti znali toliko o biljkama?
01:34
Of course, from their grandparents
31
79000
2000
Od djedova i baka, naravno
01:36
and even their great-grandparents.
32
81000
3000
čak i od pra-djedova i pra-baka.
01:39
It's not necessary to tell you how important it is
33
84000
3000
Nema potrebe da vam govorim koliko je važna
01:42
to be able to communicate
34
87000
2000
komunikacija
01:44
across generations.
35
89000
2000
kroz generacije.
01:46
But sadly, today,
36
91000
2000
Ali nažalost, danas,
01:48
languages are dying
37
93000
2000
jezici izumiru brzo
01:50
at an unprecedented rate.
38
95000
2000
kao nikad prije.
01:52
A language dies every 14 days.
39
97000
3000
Jedan jezik nestaje svakih 14 dana.
01:56
Now, at the same time,
40
101000
2000
U isto vrijeme
01:58
English is the undisputed global language.
41
103000
2000
engleski je svjetski jezik bez osporavanja.
02:00
Could there be a connection?
42
105000
2000
Postoji li neka povezanost?
02:02
Well I don't know.
43
107000
2000
Ne znam.
02:04
But I do know that I've seen a lot of changes.
44
109000
3000
Ali znam da sam svjedočila mnogim promjenama.
02:07
When I first came out to the Gulf, I came to Kuwait
45
112000
3000
Kada sam prvi put došla u Zaljev, posjetila sam Kuwajt.
02:10
in the days when it was still a hardship post.
46
115000
3000
u vremenu kada je još uvijek bilo mjesto mnogih tegoba.
02:13
Actually, not that long ago.
47
118000
2000
Zapravo, to nije bilo tako davno.
02:15
That is a little bit too early.
48
120000
3000
To je prerano.
02:18
But nevertheless,
49
123000
2000
Međutim,
02:20
I was recruited by the British Council,
50
125000
2000
Britanski Savjet me je zaposlio
02:22
along with about 25 other teachers.
51
127000
2000
zajedno sa još 25 učitelja.
02:24
And we were the first non-Muslims
52
129000
2000
Mi smo bili prvi ne-muslimani
02:26
to teach in the state schools there in Kuwait.
53
131000
3000
koji su podučavali u državnim školama u Kuwajtu.
02:29
We were brought to teach English
54
134000
2000
Došli smo tamo da podučavamo engleski
02:31
because the government wanted to modernize the country
55
136000
4000
jer je vlada htjela da modernizira zemlju
02:35
and to empower the citizens through education.
56
140000
3000
i da osnaži građane kroz obrazovanje.
02:38
And of course, the U.K. benefited
57
143000
2000
Naravno da je Ujedinjeno Kraljevstvo imalo korist
02:40
from some of that lovely oil wealth.
58
145000
3000
od tog divnog naftnog bogastva.
02:43
Okay.
59
148000
2000
U redu.
02:45
Now this is the major change that I've seen --
60
150000
3000
Ovo je najveća promjena kojoj sam svjedočila --
02:48
how teaching English
61
153000
2000
kako je podučavanje engleskog
02:50
has morphed
62
155000
2000
prešlo
02:52
from being a mutually beneficial practice
63
157000
4000
iz obostrano korisne prakse
02:56
to becoming a massive international business that it is today.
64
161000
3000
u veliki međunarnodni posao što je i danas.
02:59
No longer just a foreign language on the school curriculum,
65
164000
4000
Više nije strani jezik u nastavnom planu i programu.
03:03
and no longer the sole domain
66
168000
2000
I više nije jedini domen
03:05
of mother England,
67
170000
2000
majke Engleske.
03:07
it has become a bandwagon
68
172000
2000
Postao je cilj
03:09
for every English-speaking nation on earth.
69
174000
3000
svake države iz engleskog govornog područja na zemlji.
03:12
And why not?
70
177000
2000
Zašto ne?
03:14
After all, the best education --
71
179000
3000
Na koncu, najbolje obrazovanje --
03:17
according to the latest World University Rankings --
72
182000
3000
prema najnovijem rankiranju svjetskih univerziteta --
03:20
is to be found in the universities
73
185000
2000
se nudi na univerzitetima
03:22
of the U.K. and the U.S.
74
187000
4000
u Ujedinjenom Kraljevstvu i Sjedinjenim Američkim Državama.
03:26
So everybody wants to have an English education, naturally.
75
191000
4000
Stoga je prirodno da svako želi da ima takvo obrazovanje.
03:30
But if you're not a native speaker,
76
195000
2000
Ali ako vam engleski nije maternji jezik,
03:32
you have to pass a test.
77
197000
2000
morate da položite test.
03:34
Now can it be right
78
199000
2000
Ali da li je pravilno
03:36
to reject a student
79
201000
2000
da se odbije student
03:38
on linguistic ability alone?
80
203000
2000
samo prema lingvističkim sposobnostima?
03:40
Perhaps you have a computer scientist
81
205000
2000
Možda je pred vama kompjuterski inženjer
03:42
who's a genius.
82
207000
2000
koji je genije.
03:44
Would he need the same language as a lawyer, for example?
83
209000
3000
Da li će njemu trebati isti jezik kao i advokatu, naprimjer?
03:47
Well, I don't think so.
84
212000
3000
Mislim da neće.
03:51
We English teachers reject them all the time.
85
216000
3000
Mi profesori engleskog jezika ih odbijamo konstantno.
03:54
We put a stop sign,
86
219000
2000
Stavimo stop znak,
03:56
and we stop them in their tracks.
87
221000
2000
i zaustavimo ih na njihovom cilju.
03:58
They can't pursue their dream any longer,
88
223000
2000
Više ne mogu ostvariti svoje snove,
04:00
'til they get English.
89
225000
3000
dok ne nauče engleski.
04:04
Now let me put it this way:
90
229000
3000
Recimo ovako,
04:07
if I met a monolingual Dutch speaker
91
232000
4000
ako ja upoznam nekoga ko zna samo nizozemski
04:11
who had the cure for cancer,
92
236000
2000
ko ima lijek za rak,
04:13
would I stop him from entering my British University?
93
238000
3000
hoću li ga spriječiti da pohađa moj Britanski Univerzitet?
04:16
I don't think so.
94
241000
2000
Naravno da neću.
04:18
But indeed, that is exactly what we do.
95
243000
3000
Doduše, to mi upravo radimo.
04:21
We English teachers are the gatekeepers.
96
246000
3000
Mi profesori engleskog jezika smo čuvari kapije.
04:24
And you have to satisfy us first
97
249000
3000
Mi moramo biti zadovoljni
04:27
that your English is good enough.
98
252000
3000
sa vašim poznavanjem engleskog jezika.
04:31
Now it can be dangerous
99
256000
2000
Može biti opasno
04:33
to give too much power
100
258000
3000
dati veliku ovlast
04:36
to a narrow segment of society.
101
261000
2000
ograničenom segmentu društva.
04:38
Maybe the barrier would be too universal.
102
263000
3000
Možda bi barijera bila preuniverzalna.
04:41
Okay.
103
266000
2000
Uredu.
04:43
"But," I hear you say,
104
268000
3000
"Ali," vi se pitate,
04:46
"what about the research?
105
271000
2000
"šta je sa istraživanjem?
04:48
It's all in English."
106
273000
2000
Sve je na engleskom."
04:50
So the books are in English,
107
275000
2000
Knjige su na engleskom,
04:52
the journals are done in English,
108
277000
2000
časopisi su na engleskom,
04:54
but that is a self-fulfilling prophecy.
109
279000
3000
ali to je samoispunjujuće proročanstvo.
04:57
It feeds the English requirement.
110
282000
2000
Tako potvrđuje potrebu za poznavanjem engleskog jezika.
04:59
And so it goes on.
111
284000
2000
I tako redom.
05:01
I ask you, what happened to translation?
112
286000
3000
Šta se desilo za prevođenjem?
05:04
If you think about the Islamic Golden Age,
113
289000
4000
Za vrijeme Islamskog Zlatnog doba
05:08
there was lots of translation then.
114
293000
3000
mnogo se prevodilo.
05:11
They translated from Latin and Greek
115
296000
3000
Prevodili su sa latinskog i grčkog
05:14
into Arabic, into Persian,
116
299000
2000
na arapski i perzijski,
05:16
and then it was translated on
117
301000
2000
a onda se prevodilo dalje
05:18
into the Germanic languages of Europe
118
303000
2000
na germanske i
05:20
and the Romance languages.
119
305000
2000
romanske jezike Evrope.
05:22
And so light shone upon the Dark Ages of Europe.
120
307000
4000
I tako je Evropa izašla iz mračnog doba.
05:27
Now don't get me wrong;
121
312000
2000
Nemojte me pogrešno shvatiti;
05:29
I am not against teaching English,
122
314000
2000
ja nisam protiv podučavanja engleskog jezika,
05:31
all you English teachers out there.
123
316000
2000
svi vi profesori engleskog jezika.
05:33
I love it that we have a global language.
124
318000
2000
Volim što imamo globalni jezik.
05:35
We need one today more than ever.
125
320000
3000
Danas nam jedan takav treba više nego ikada.
05:38
But I am against using it
126
323000
2000
Ali ja sam protiv njegovog korištenja
05:40
as a barrier.
127
325000
2000
kao barijere.
05:42
Do we really want to end up with 600 languages
128
327000
3000
Zar stvarno želimo da na kraju imamo 600 jezika
05:45
and the main one being English, or Chinese?
129
330000
3000
a da glavni bude engleski, ili kineski?
05:48
We need more than that. Where do we draw the line?
130
333000
3000
Treba nam više od toga. Gdje ćemo povući granicu?
05:51
This system
131
336000
2000
Ovakav sistem
05:53
equates intelligence
132
338000
3000
izjednačava inteligenciju
05:56
with a knowledge of English,
133
341000
3000
sa poznavanjem engleskog jezika
05:59
which is quite arbitrary.
134
344000
2000
a takvo izjednačavanje nema osnove.
06:01
(Applause)
135
346000
6000
(Aplauz)
06:07
And I want to remind you
136
352000
2000
Želim vas podsjetiti
06:09
that the giants upon whose shoulders
137
354000
3000
na to da velikani na čijim ramenima
06:12
today's intelligentsia stand
138
357000
2000
stoji današnja inteligencija
06:14
did not have to have English,
139
359000
2000
nisu morali znati engleski jezik,
06:16
they didn't have to pass an English test.
140
361000
2000
nisu morali položiti test.
06:18
Case in point, Einstein.
141
363000
3000
Uzmimo za primjer, Einsteina.
06:22
He, by the way, was considered remedial at school
142
367000
3000
On je pohađao dopunsku nastavu u školi
06:25
because he was, in fact, dyslexic.
143
370000
2000
jer je zapravo bio disleksičan.
06:27
But fortunately for the world,
144
372000
2000
Ali na sreću
06:29
he did not have to pass an English test.
145
374000
3000
nije morao polagati test o poznavanju engleskog jezika.
06:32
Because they didn't start until 1964
146
377000
3000
Tek nakon 1964 su počeli sa
06:35
with TOEFL,
147
380000
2000
TOEFL-om (test o poznavanju engleskog kao stranog jezika),
06:37
the American test of English.
148
382000
2000
američkim testom engleskog jezika.
06:39
Now it's exploded.
149
384000
2000
Danas su se testovi proširili.
06:41
There are lots and lots of tests of English.
150
386000
3000
Postoji mnogo testova engleskog jezika.
06:44
And millions and millions of students
151
389000
2000
I milioni studenata
06:46
take these tests every year.
152
391000
2000
polažu ove testove svake godine.
06:48
Now you might think, you and me,
153
393000
2000
Mi možda smatramo
06:50
"Those fees aren't bad, they're okay,"
154
395000
2000
da cijene testova nisu loše, razumne su,
06:52
but they are prohibitive
155
397000
2000
ali sprečavaju
06:54
to so many millions of poor people.
156
399000
2000
milione siromašnih ljudi.
06:56
So immediately, we're rejecting them.
157
401000
2000
Mi ih smjesta odbacujemo.
06:58
(Applause)
158
403000
3000
(Aplauz)
07:01
It brings to mind a headline I saw recently:
159
406000
3000
To me podsjeti na novinski naslov koji sam vidjela nedavno:
07:04
"Education: The Great Divide."
160
409000
2000
"Obrazovanje: Velika granica."
07:06
Now I get it,
161
411000
2000
Sada shvatam
07:08
I understand why people would want to focus on English.
162
413000
3000
zašto ljudi se fokusiraju na engleski jezik.
07:11
They want to give their children the best chance in life.
163
416000
3000
Oni žele svojoj djeci pružiti najbolje u životu.
07:15
And to do that, they need a Western education.
164
420000
3000
A za to im je potrebno zapadno obrazovanje.
07:18
Because, of course, the best jobs
165
423000
2000
Jer najbolja radna mjesta
07:20
go to people out of the Western Universities,
166
425000
3000
se daju ljudima koja su pohađali univerzitete na zapadu,
07:23
that I put on earlier.
167
428000
2000
koje sam spomenula ranije.
07:25
It's a circular thing.
168
430000
2000
To je začarani krug.
07:27
Okay.
169
432000
2000
Uredu.
07:29
Let me tell you a story about two scientists,
170
434000
2000
Ispričati ću vam priču o dva naučnika,
07:31
two English scientists.
171
436000
2000
dva engleska naučnika.
07:33
They were doing an experiment
172
438000
2000
Vršili su eksperiment
07:35
to do with genetics
173
440000
2000
iz genetike
07:37
and the forelimbs and the hind limbs of animals.
174
442000
3000
o prednjim i stražnjim udovima životinja.
07:40
But they couldn't get the results they wanted.
175
445000
2000
Ali nisu dobili željeni rezultat.
07:42
They really didn't know what to do,
176
447000
2000
Zaista nisu znali šta da rade,
07:44
until along came a German scientist
177
449000
3000
dok nije došao njemački naučnik
07:47
who realized that they were using two words
178
452000
3000
koji je shvatio da su koristili dvije riječi
07:50
for forelimb and hind limb,
179
455000
2000
za prednje i stražnje udove,
07:52
whereas genetics does not differentiate
180
457000
4000
međutim u genetici nema razlike
07:56
and neither does German.
181
461000
2000
kao ni u njemačkom jeziku.
07:58
So bingo,
182
463000
2000
I eto ga,
08:00
problem solved.
183
465000
2000
problem je riješen.
08:02
If you can't think a thought,
184
467000
2000
Ako ne možete doći do ideje,
08:04
you are stuck.
185
469000
3000
nema izlaza.
08:07
But if another language can think that thought,
186
472000
2000
Ali ako drugi jezik može doći do ideje,
08:09
then, by cooperating,
187
474000
2000
onda, uz pomoć suradnje,
08:11
we can achieve and learn so much more.
188
476000
3000
možemo postići i naučiti mnogo toga.
08:16
My daughter
189
481000
2000
Moja kćerka
08:18
came to England from Kuwait.
190
483000
3000
je došla u Englesku iz Kuvajta.
08:21
She had studied science and mathematics in Arabic.
191
486000
3000
Studirala je prirodne nauke i matematiku na arapskom
08:24
It's an Arabic medium school.
192
489000
3000
u jednoj arapskoj srednjoj školi.
08:27
She had to translate it into English at her grammar school.
193
492000
3000
U gimnaziji je to morala prevesti na engleski.
08:30
And she was the best in the class
194
495000
2000
Bila je najbolja u razredru
08:32
at those subjects.
195
497000
2000
iz tih predmeta.
08:34
Which tells us
196
499000
2000
To nam govori da,
08:36
that when students come to us from abroad,
197
501000
2000
kada učenici dođu iz inostranstva,
08:38
we may not be giving them enough credit
198
503000
2000
mi im ne dajemo dovoljno priznanja
08:40
for what they know,
199
505000
2000
za ono što znaju,
08:42
and they know it in their own language.
200
507000
3000
a to znaju na svom maternjem jeziku.
08:45
When a language dies,
201
510000
2000
Kada jezik izumre,
08:47
we don't know what we lose with that language.
202
512000
3000
mi ne znamo šta gubimo zajedno sa tim jezikom.
08:50
This is -- I don't know if you saw it on CNN recently --
203
515000
4000
Ne znam jeste li gledali nedavno na CNN-u --
08:54
they gave the Heroes Award
204
519000
2000
Nagradu za junaštvo
08:56
to a young Kenyan shepherd boy
205
521000
3000
je dobio mladi pastir iz Kenije
08:59
who couldn't study at night in his village,
206
524000
3000
koji u svom selu nije mogao noću učiti
09:02
like all the village children,
207
527000
2000
kao druga seoska djeca,
09:04
because the kerosene lamp,
208
529000
2000
jer je petrolejska lampa
09:06
it had smoke and it damaged his eyes.
209
531000
2000
od dima oštetila njegove oči.
09:08
And anyway, there was never enough kerosene,
210
533000
3000
Uostalom, nikada nije bilo dovoljno petroleja,
09:11
because what does a dollar a day buy for you?
211
536000
3000
a šta bi mogao kupiti za dolar dnevno?
09:14
So he invented
212
539000
2000
Stoga je izumio
09:16
a cost-free solar lamp.
213
541000
3000
besplatnu solarnu lampu.
09:19
And now the children in his village
214
544000
2000
Sada djeca u njegovom selu
09:21
get the same grades at school
215
546000
2000
imaju iste ocjene u školi
09:23
as the children who have electricity at home.
216
548000
4000
kao i djeca koja imaju struju u svojim domovima.
09:27
(Applause)
217
552000
6000
(Aplauz)
09:33
When he received his award,
218
558000
2000
Kada je primio nagradu,
09:35
he said these lovely words:
219
560000
2000
rekao je ovim lijepim riječima:
09:37
"The children can lead Africa from what it is today,
220
562000
3000
"Djeca mogu povesti Afriku iz
09:40
a dark continent,
221
565000
2000
tame kakva je danas,
09:42
to a light continent."
222
567000
2000
u svijetli kontinent."
09:44
A simple idea,
223
569000
2000
Ovo je jednostavna ideja,
09:46
but it could have such far-reaching consequences.
224
571000
3000
ali mogla bi imati dalekosežne posljedice.
09:50
People who have no light,
225
575000
2000
Ljudi koji ne vide svijetlo,
09:52
whether it's physical or metaphorical,
226
577000
3000
fizički ili metaforično,
09:55
cannot pass our exams,
227
580000
3000
ne mogu položiti naše ispite,
09:58
and we can never know what they know.
228
583000
3000
a mi nikada nećemo saznati šta oni znaju.
10:01
Let us not keep them and ourselves
229
586000
3000
Nemojmo ih držati u tami
10:04
in the dark.
230
589000
2000
a ni same sebe.
10:06
Let us celebrate diversity.
231
591000
3000
Slavimo raznolikost.
10:09
Mind your language.
232
594000
3000
Pazite na svoj jezik.
10:12
Use it to spread great ideas.
233
597000
4000
Koristite ih za širenje velikih ideja.
10:16
(Applause)
234
601000
7000
(Aplauz)
10:23
Thank you very much.
235
608000
2000
Hvala vam puno.
10:25
(Applause)
236
610000
3000
(Aplauz)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Patricia Ryan - Language teacherPatricia Ryan has spent the past three-plus decades teaching English in Arabic countries -- where she has seen vast cultural (and linguistic) change.
Why you should listen
UK-born language teacher Patricia Ryan has spent most of the past 40 years teaching English in the countries of the Arabian Gulf.
She is currently teaching at Zayed University in Dubai, and studying for a second Masters degree in Law.
Patricia Ryan | Speaker | TED.com