TEDxDubai
Patricia Ryan: Don't insist on English!
Patricia Ryan: Ne inzistirajte na engleskom jeziku!
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Na TEDxDubai, dugogodišnja učiteljica engleskog jezika Patricia Ryan postavlja provokativna pitanja: Spriječava li svjetski fokus na engleski jezik širenje velikih ideja na drugim jezicima? (Na primjer: što bi bilo da je Einstein morao proći TOEFL?) To je strastvena obrana prevođenja i dijeljenja ideja.
Patricia Ryan - Language teacher
Patricia Ryan has spent the past three-plus decades teaching English in Arabic countries -- where she has seen vast cultural (and linguistic) change. Full bio
Patricia Ryan has spent the past three-plus decades teaching English in Arabic countries -- where she has seen vast cultural (and linguistic) change. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:16
I know what you're thinking.
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Znam što razmišljate.
00:18
You think I've lost my way,
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Mislite kako sam izgubila svoj put,
00:20
and somebody's going to come on the stage in a minute
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i netko će doći na pozornicu za minutu
00:22
and guide me gently back to my seat.
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i otpratiti me nježno natrag do mog sjedala.
00:24
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
00:30
I get that all the time in Dubai.
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Dobivam to sve vrijeme u Dubaiju.
00:33
"Here on holiday are you, dear?"
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"Ovdje ste na odmoru, draga?"
00:35
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
00:37
"Come to visit the children?
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"Došli ste u posjet djeci?
00:40
How long are you staying?"
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Koliko dugo ostajete?"
00:42
Well actually, I hope for a while longer yet.
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Pa zapravo, nadam se još neko vrijeme.
00:45
I have been living and teaching in the Gulf
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Živim i predajem u Zaljevu
00:48
for over 30 years.
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više od 30 godina.
00:50
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
00:54
And in that time, I have seen a lot of changes.
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I tijekom tog vremena, vidjela sam puno promjena.
00:58
Now that statistic
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Sada kada je statistika
01:00
is quite shocking.
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prilično šokantna.
01:02
And I want to talk to you today
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A ja želim razgovarati s vama danas
01:04
about language loss
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o gubitku jezika
01:06
and the globalization of English.
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i globalizaciji engleskim jezikom.
01:09
I want to tell you about my friend
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Želim vam reći o mom prijatelju
01:11
who was teaching English to adults in Abu Dhabi.
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koji je podučavao engleski za odrasle u Abu Dhabiju.
01:14
And one fine day,
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I jednog lijepog dana,
01:16
she decided to take them into the garden
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ona je odlučila odvesti ih u vrt
01:18
to teach them some nature vocabulary.
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naučiti ih neke riječi iz prirode.
01:20
But it was she who ended up learning
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Ali ona je na kraju završila učeći
01:22
all the Arabic words for the local plants,
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sve arapske riječi za lokalne biljke,
01:24
as well as their uses --
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kao i kako se koriste --
01:26
medicinal uses, cosmetics,
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ljekovite koristi, kozmetika,
01:29
cooking, herbal.
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kuhanje, biljni.
01:32
How did those students get all that knowledge?
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Kako su učenici dobili svo to znanje?
01:34
Of course, from their grandparents
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Naravno, od svojih djedova
01:36
and even their great-grandparents.
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pa čak i pradjedova.
01:39
It's not necessary to tell you how important it is
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Nije potrebno objašnjavati vam koliko je to važno
01:42
to be able to communicate
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biti u stanju komunicirati
01:44
across generations.
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kroz generacije.
01:46
But sadly, today,
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Ali nažalost, danas,
01:48
languages are dying
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jezici umiru
01:50
at an unprecedented rate.
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po stopi bez presedana.
01:52
A language dies every 14 days.
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Jezik umre svakih 14 dana.
01:56
Now, at the same time,
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U isto vrijeme,
01:58
English is the undisputed global language.
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engleski je postao neosporno globalni jezik.
02:00
Could there be a connection?
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Postoji li tu veza?
02:02
Well I don't know.
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Pa ja ne znam.
02:04
But I do know that I've seen a lot of changes.
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Ali znam kako sam vidjela puno promjena.
02:07
When I first came out to the Gulf, I came to Kuwait
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Kada sam prvi put došla u Zaljev, došla sam u Kuvajt
02:10
in the days when it was still a hardship post.
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u danima kada je još uvijek to bila teška destinacija.
02:13
Actually, not that long ago.
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Zapravo, ne tako davno.
02:15
That is a little bit too early.
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To je malo prerano.
02:18
But nevertheless,
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No ipak,
02:20
I was recruited by the British Council,
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bila sam regrutirana od strane British Councila
02:22
along with about 25 other teachers.
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zajedno s oko 25 drugih nastavnika.
02:24
And we were the first non-Muslims
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I mi smo bili prvi ne-muslimani
02:26
to teach in the state schools there in Kuwait.
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koji su podučavali u državnim školama u Kuvajtu.
02:29
We were brought to teach English
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Došli smo podučavati engleski
02:31
because the government wanted to modernize the country
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jer je vlada htjela modernizirati zemlju
02:35
and to empower the citizens through education.
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i osposobiti građane kroz obrazovanje.
02:38
And of course, the U.K. benefited
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I naravno, Velika Britanija je imala koristi
02:40
from some of that lovely oil wealth.
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od svog tog lijepog naftnog bogatstva.
02:43
Okay.
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U redu.
02:45
Now this is the major change that I've seen --
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To je velika promjena koju sam vidjela --
02:48
how teaching English
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kako učenje engleskog
02:50
has morphed
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preobražava
02:52
from being a mutually beneficial practice
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od toga da bude obostrano korisna praksa
02:56
to becoming a massive international business that it is today.
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do toga da postane masivni međunarodni posao, koji je i danas.
02:59
No longer just a foreign language on the school curriculum,
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On nije više samo strani jezik u nastavnom planu i programu.
03:03
and no longer the sole domain
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I više nije jedina domena
03:05
of mother England,
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majke Engleske.
03:07
it has become a bandwagon
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Ono je postalo prevodnikom
03:09
for every English-speaking nation on earth.
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za svako englesko govorno područje na Zemlji.
03:12
And why not?
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I zašto ne?
03:14
After all, the best education --
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Uostalom, najbolje obrazovanje --
03:17
according to the latest World University Rankings --
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prema najnovijem rangiranju World University --
03:20
is to be found in the universities
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nalazi se na sveučilištima
03:22
of the U.K. and the U.S.
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iz Velike Britanije i SAD-a.
03:26
So everybody wants to have an English education, naturally.
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Tako, prirodno, svatko želi imati englesko obrazovanje.
03:30
But if you're not a native speaker,
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Ali, ako niste izvorni govornik,
03:32
you have to pass a test.
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morate proći test.
03:34
Now can it be right
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Može li to biti pravedno
03:36
to reject a student
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odbiti učenika
03:38
on linguistic ability alone?
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samo zbog jezičnih sposobnosti?
03:40
Perhaps you have a computer scientist
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Možda ste računalni znanstvenik
03:42
who's a genius.
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koji je genije.
03:44
Would he need the same language as a lawyer, for example?
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Hoće li on trebati isti jezik kao odvjetnik?
03:47
Well, I don't think so.
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Pa ja ne mislim tako.
03:51
We English teachers reject them all the time.
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Mi učitelji engleskog ih odbacujemo svo vrijeme.
03:54
We put a stop sign,
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Mi smo stavili znak stop,
03:56
and we stop them in their tracks.
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i mi ih zaustavljamo u njihovom razvoju.
03:58
They can't pursue their dream any longer,
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Oni više ne mogu slijediti svoj san,
04:00
'til they get English.
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dok ne savladaju engleski.
04:04
Now let me put it this way:
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Dozvolite da vam to predstavim na ovaj način,
04:07
if I met a monolingual Dutch speaker
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ako sam upoznala nizozemskog govornika
04:11
who had the cure for cancer,
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koji je imao lijek za rak,
04:13
would I stop him from entering my British University?
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bih li ga spriječila da uđe u moje britansko sveučilište?
04:16
I don't think so.
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Sigurno ne.
04:18
But indeed, that is exactly what we do.
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Ali doista, to je upravo ono što mi radimo.
04:21
We English teachers are the gatekeepers.
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Mi učitelji engleskog smo vratari.
04:24
And you have to satisfy us first
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I morate nas zadovoljiti prvo
04:27
that your English is good enough.
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tako da je vaš engleski dovoljno dobar.
04:31
Now it can be dangerous
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Sada, to može biti opasno
04:33
to give too much power
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dati previše moći
04:36
to a narrow segment of society.
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uskom segmentu društva.
04:38
Maybe the barrier would be too universal.
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Možda će prepreka biti previše univerzalna.
04:41
Okay.
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U redu.
04:43
"But," I hear you say,
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"Ali", čujem kako kažete,
04:46
"what about the research?
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"što je s istraživanjem?
04:48
It's all in English."
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To je sve na engleskom jeziku."
04:50
So the books are in English,
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I knjige su na engleskom jeziku,
04:52
the journals are done in English,
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časopisi su napravljeni na engleskom jeziku,
04:54
but that is a self-fulfilling prophecy.
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ali to je samoispunjavajuće proročanstvo.
04:57
It feeds the English requirement.
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Ono hrani engleski zahtjev.
04:59
And so it goes on.
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I tako ide dalje.
05:01
I ask you, what happened to translation?
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Pitam vas, što se dogodilo s prijevodom?
05:04
If you think about the Islamic Golden Age,
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Ako mislite o islamskom Zlatnom dobu,
05:08
there was lots of translation then.
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bilo je puno prijevoda tada.
05:11
They translated from Latin and Greek
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Oni su prevodili s latinskog i grčkog
05:14
into Arabic, into Persian,
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na arapski, na perzijski,
05:16
and then it was translated on
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a onda je prevedeno na
05:18
into the Germanic languages of Europe
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germanske jezike Europe
05:20
and the Romance languages.
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i romanske jezike.
05:22
And so light shone upon the Dark Ages of Europe.
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I tako je svjetlost zasjala u tamnom dobu Europe.
05:27
Now don't get me wrong;
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Sada, nemojte me krivo shvatiti;
05:29
I am not against teaching English,
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Ja nisam protiv poučavanja engleskoga jezika,
05:31
all you English teachers out there.
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svi vi nastavnici engleskog.
05:33
I love it that we have a global language.
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Volim što imamo globalni jezik.
05:35
We need one today more than ever.
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Trebamo jedan danas više nego ikad.
05:38
But I am against using it
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Ali ja sam protiv toga da ga se koristi
05:40
as a barrier.
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kao barijeru.
05:42
Do we really want to end up with 600 languages
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Želite li zaista ukinuti 600 jezika
05:45
and the main one being English, or Chinese?
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i ostaviti glavni engleski, ili kineski?
05:48
We need more than that. Where do we draw the line?
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Trebamo više od toga. Gdje ćemo povući crtu?
05:51
This system
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Ovaj sustav
05:53
equates intelligence
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izjednačava inteligenciju
05:56
with a knowledge of English,
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sa znanjem engleskog jezika
05:59
which is quite arbitrary.
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što je prilično proizvoljno.
06:01
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
06:07
And I want to remind you
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I želim vas podsjetiti
06:09
that the giants upon whose shoulders
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da divovi na čijim ramenima
06:12
today's intelligentsia stand
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danas inteligencija stoji
06:14
did not have to have English,
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nisu morali imati engleski,
06:16
they didn't have to pass an English test.
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nisu morali proći test engleskog.
06:18
Case in point, Einstein.
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Konkretno, Einstein.
06:22
He, by the way, was considered remedial at school
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On je, usput, smatran slabijim učenikom u školi
06:25
because he was, in fact, dyslexic.
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jer je, u stvari, imao disleksiju.
06:27
But fortunately for the world,
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No, na sreću za svijet,
06:29
he did not have to pass an English test.
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on nije morao proći engleski test.
06:32
Because they didn't start until 1964
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Budući da oni nisu započeti do 1964.
06:35
with TOEFL,
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s TOEFL-om,
06:37
the American test of English.
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američkim testom engleskog jezika.
06:39
Now it's exploded.
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To je eksplodiralo.
06:41
There are lots and lots of tests of English.
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Postoji jako puno testova engleskog jezika.
06:44
And millions and millions of students
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I milijuni i milijuni učenika
06:46
take these tests every year.
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prolaze te testove svake godine.
06:48
Now you might think, you and me,
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Sada možda mislite, tebi i meni,
06:50
"Those fees aren't bad, they're okay,"
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te naknade nisu velike, one su u redu,
06:52
but they are prohibitive
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ali one su previsoke
06:54
to so many millions of poor people.
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za tolike milijune siromašnih ljudi.
06:56
So immediately, we're rejecting them.
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Tako ih odmah, odbacujemo.
06:58
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
07:01
It brings to mind a headline I saw recently:
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To me podsjeća na naslov koji sam nedavno vidjela:
07:04
"Education: The Great Divide."
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"Obrazovanje: Velika podijela".
07:06
Now I get it,
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Razumijem,
07:08
I understand why people would want to focus on English.
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razumijem zašto se ljudi usredotočavaju na engleski.
07:11
They want to give their children the best chance in life.
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Oni žele dati svojoj djeci najbolju priliku u životu.
07:15
And to do that, they need a Western education.
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A za to, oni trebaju zapadno obrazovanje.
07:18
Because, of course, the best jobs
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Jer, naravno, najbolji poslovi
07:20
go to people out of the Western Universities,
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idu ljudima sa zapadnih sveučilišta,
07:23
that I put on earlier.
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koje sam objasnila ranije.
07:25
It's a circular thing.
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To je cirkulirajuća stvar.
07:27
Okay.
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U redu.
07:29
Let me tell you a story about two scientists,
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Ispričat ću vam priču o dvoje znanstvenika,
07:31
two English scientists.
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dva engleska znanstvenika.
07:33
They were doing an experiment
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Oni su radili na pokusu
07:35
to do with genetics
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vezenim uz genetiku
07:37
and the forelimbs and the hind limbs of animals.
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i prednjim i stražnjima ekstremitetima životinja.
07:40
But they couldn't get the results they wanted.
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Ali nisu mogli dobiti rezultate koje su htjeli.
07:42
They really didn't know what to do,
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Stvarno nisu znali što učiniti,
07:44
until along came a German scientist
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dok nije došao njemački znanstvenik
07:47
who realized that they were using two words
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koji je shvatio da se oni koriste s dvije riječi
07:50
for forelimb and hind limb,
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za prednje i stražnje ekstremitete,
07:52
whereas genetics does not differentiate
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a genetika ih ne razlikuje
07:56
and neither does German.
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a niti njemački.
07:58
So bingo,
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Dakle, bingo,
08:00
problem solved.
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problem riješen.
08:02
If you can't think a thought,
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Ako se ne možete sjetiti misli,
08:04
you are stuck.
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vi ste zaglavljeni.
08:07
But if another language can think that thought,
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Ali ako se drugi jezik može dosjetiti te misli,
08:09
then, by cooperating,
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onda, kroz suradnju,
08:11
we can achieve and learn so much more.
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možemo postići i naučiti puno više.
08:16
My daughter
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Moja kćer,
08:18
came to England from Kuwait.
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je došla u Englesku iz Kuvajta.
08:21
She had studied science and mathematics in Arabic.
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Ona je studirala matematiku i znanost na arapskom jeziku.
08:24
It's an Arabic medium school.
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To je arapska srednja škola.
08:27
She had to translate it into English at her grammar school.
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To je morala prevesti na engleski za njenu gimnaziju.
08:30
And she was the best in the class
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I bila je najbolja u klasi
08:32
at those subjects.
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u tim predmetima.
08:34
Which tells us
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Što nam govori
08:36
that when students come to us from abroad,
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da, kada nam studenti dođu iz inozemstva,
08:38
we may not be giving them enough credit
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možda im ne dajemo dovoljno kredita
08:40
for what they know,
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za ono što oni znaju,
08:42
and they know it in their own language.
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i oni to znaju na svom jeziku.
08:45
When a language dies,
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Kada jezik umre,
08:47
we don't know what we lose with that language.
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ne znamo što smo izgubili s tim jezikom.
08:50
This is -- I don't know if you saw it on CNN recently --
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To je -- ne znam ako ste to vidjeli na CNN-u u zadnje vrijeme --
08:54
they gave the Heroes Award
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dali su nagradu za heroje
08:56
to a young Kenyan shepherd boy
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mladom kenijskom pastiru
08:59
who couldn't study at night in his village,
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koji nije mogao učiti noću u svom selu
09:02
like all the village children,
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kao i sva djeca iz sela,
09:04
because the kerosene lamp,
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jer su mu kerozinska lampa
09:06
it had smoke and it damaged his eyes.
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i njezin dim oštetili oči.
09:08
And anyway, there was never enough kerosene,
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I svakako, nikada nije bilo dovoljno kerozina,
09:11
because what does a dollar a day buy for you?
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jer što vam dolar dnevno može kupiti?
09:14
So he invented
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Tako je izumio
09:16
a cost-free solar lamp.
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besplatne solarne svjetiljke.
09:19
And now the children in his village
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I sada djeca u njegovom selu
09:21
get the same grades at school
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mogu dobiti iste ocjene u školi
09:23
as the children who have electricity at home.
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kao djeca koja imaju struju u kući.
09:27
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
09:33
When he received his award,
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Kad je primio svoju nagradu,
09:35
he said these lovely words:
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izrekao je te divne riječi:
09:37
"The children can lead Africa from what it is today,
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"Djeca mogu odvesti Afriku od onoga što je danas,
09:40
a dark continent,
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tamni kontinent,
09:42
to a light continent."
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u svjetli kontinent."
09:44
A simple idea,
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Jednostavna ideja,
09:46
but it could have such far-reaching consequences.
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ali bi mogla imati takve dalekosežne posljedice.
09:50
People who have no light,
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Ljudi koji nemaju svjetla,
09:52
whether it's physical or metaphorical,
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bilo da je to fizički ili metaforički,
09:55
cannot pass our exams,
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ne mogu proći naše ispite,
09:58
and we can never know what they know.
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i nikada ne možemo saznati što oni znaju.
10:01
Let us not keep them and ourselves
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Nemojmo ih držati, a niti sebe,
10:04
in the dark.
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u mraku.
10:06
Let us celebrate diversity.
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Idemo slaviti različitost.
10:09
Mind your language.
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Brinite se o vašem jeziku.
10:12
Use it to spread great ideas.
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Koristite ga za širenje velikih ideja.
10:16
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
10:23
Thank you very much.
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Puno hvala.
10:25
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Patricia Ryan - Language teacherPatricia Ryan has spent the past three-plus decades teaching English in Arabic countries -- where she has seen vast cultural (and linguistic) change.
Why you should listen
UK-born language teacher Patricia Ryan has spent most of the past 40 years teaching English in the countries of the Arabian Gulf.
She is currently teaching at Zayed University in Dubai, and studying for a second Masters degree in Law.
Patricia Ryan | Speaker | TED.com