TEDxPennQuarter
Christopher McDougall: Are we born to run?
Christopher McDougall: Hem nascut per córrer?
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Christopher McDougall explora els misteris del desig humà per córrer. De quina manera córrer va ajudar els primers éssers humans a sobreviure, i quines necessitats dels nostres remots avantpassats encara ens esperonen avui dia? A TEDxPennQuarter, McDougall explica la història de la maratoniana del cor d'or, de la ultrafondista increïble, i de la tribu oculta de Mèxic que corre per viure.
Christopher McDougall - Journalist, runner
Christopher McDougall is the author of "Born to Run: A Hidden Tribe, Super Athletes, and the Greatest Race the World Has Never Seen." Full bio
Christopher McDougall is the author of "Born to Run: A Hidden Tribe, Super Athletes, and the Greatest Race the World Has Never Seen." Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
Running -- it's basically just right, left, right, left -- yeah?
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Córrer és "ara dreta, ara esquerra", oi?
00:18
I mean, we've been doing it for two million years,
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Ho hem fet durant 2 milions d'anys,
00:20
so it's kind of arrogant to assume
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i potser és un pèl agosarat pensar
00:23
that I've got something to say
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que hi tinc res a dir,
00:25
that hasn't been said and performed better a long time ago.
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que altres no hagin dit abans.
00:28
But the cool thing about running, as I've discovered,
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El millor de córrer, per experiència,
00:30
is that something bizarre happens
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és que hi passen
00:32
in this activity all the time.
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coses estranyes sovint. Un exemple:
00:34
Case in point: A couple months ago, if you saw the New York City Marathon,
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Fa mesos, a la Marató de Nova York,
00:37
I guarantee you, you saw something
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us asseguro que hi hauríeu vist
00:39
that no one has ever seen before.
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una cosa absolutament mai vista.
00:42
An Ethiopian woman named Derartu Tulu
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Una dona etíop, la Derartu Tulu,
00:44
turns up at the starting line.
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es presenta a la línia de sortida.
00:46
She's 37 years old,
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Té 37 anys,
00:48
she hasn't won a marathon of any kind in eight years,
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i en fa 8 que no ha guanyat cap marató.
00:50
and a few months previously
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Uns mesos abans
00:52
she almost died in childbirth.
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gairebé va morir en donar a llum.
00:54
Derartu Tulu was ready to hang it up and retire from the sport,
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La Derartu Tulu era a punt de retirar-se,
00:57
but she decided she'd go for broke
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però va decidir apostar fort
00:59
and try for one last big payday
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per embutxacar-se una bona picossada
01:01
in the marquee event,
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a la prova més important,
01:03
the New York City Marathon.
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la Marató de Nova York.
01:05
Except -- bad news for Derartu Tulu -- some other people had the same idea,
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Ves per on, la Derarta Tulu no era l'única.
01:08
including the Olympic gold medalist
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També hi era la campiona olímpica,
01:10
and Paula Radcliffe, who is a monster,
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i la Paula Radcliffe, una fera,
01:13
the fastest woman marathoner in history by far.
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la maratoniana més ràpida de la història.
01:17
Only 10 minutes off the men's world record,
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A 10 minuts del rècord mundial masculí.
01:19
Paula Radcliffe is essentially unbeatable.
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La Paula Radcliffe és invencible.
01:22
That's her competition.
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És la seva prova.
01:24
The gun goes off, and she's not even an underdog.
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En començar, la Derartu no és ni entre les aspirants,
01:27
She's under the underdogs.
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ella en va al darrere.
01:29
But the under-underdog hangs tough,
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Però l'aspirant a aspirant resisteix.
01:31
and 22 miles into a 26-mile race,
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I al km 35 d'una cursa de 42,
01:34
there is Derartu Tulu
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la Derartu Tulu és allà,
01:36
up there with the lead pack.
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amb el grup capdavanter.
01:38
Now this is when something really bizarre happens.
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Llavors passa una cosa ben estranya.
01:41
Paula Radcliffe, the one person who is sure to snatch the big paycheck
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La Paula Radcliffe, que ben segur que li prendrà
01:44
out of Derartu Tulu's under-underdog hands,
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el premi a l'aspirant Derartu Tulu,
01:47
suddenly grabs her leg and starts to fall back.
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de sobte, s'agafa la cama i es va quedant enrere.
01:50
So we all know what to do in this situation, right?
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Tots sabem què cal fer, oi?
01:52
You give her a quick crack in the teeth with your elbow
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Clavar-li un cop de colze
01:54
and blaze for the finish line.
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i sortir disparats cap a la meta.
01:57
Derartu Tulu ruins the script.
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Però la Derartu Tulu se salta el guió.
01:59
Instead of taking off,
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En lloc d'accelerar,
02:01
she falls back, and she grabs Paula Radcliffe,
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espera la Paula Radcliffe,
02:03
says, "Come on. Come with us. You can do it."
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i l'anima: "Vinga. Vine. Tu pots".
02:05
So Paula Radcliffe, unfortunately, does it.
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La Paula Radcliffe, per desgràcia, se'n surt.
02:07
She catches up with the lead pack
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Connecta amb les líders
02:09
and is pushing toward the finish line.
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i corre cap a la meta.
02:11
But then she falls back again.
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Però, llavors es torna a quedar.
02:13
And the second time Derartu Tulu grabs her and tries to pull her.
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La Derartu l'agafa i li marca el pas.
02:15
And Paula Radcliffe at that point says,
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La Paula Radcliffe li diu:
02:17
"I'm done. Go."
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"No puc. Vés-te'n."
02:19
So that's a fantastic story, and we all know how it ends.
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Quina gran història, tots en sabem el final.
02:22
She loses the check,
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Ella perd el premi,
02:24
but she goes home with something bigger and more important.
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però se'n torna amb una cosa més important.
02:26
Except Derartu Tulu ruins the script again --
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Llavors, la Derartu Tulu es torna a saltar el guió.
02:29
instead of losing, she blazes past the lead pack and wins,
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En lloc de perdre, avança les líders com una fletxa
02:32
wins the New York City Marathon,
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i guanya la Marató de Nova York,
02:34
goes home with a big fat check.
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i se'n torna a casa amb el xec.
02:36
It's a heartwarming story,
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És una història encoratjadora,
02:38
but if you drill a little bit deeper,
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però si us hi fixeu bé,
02:40
you've got to sort of wonder about what exactly was going on there.
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el que va passar us hauria de sorprendre.
02:43
When you have two outliers in one organism,
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Dos valors atípics en un organisme,
02:45
it's not a coincidence.
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no és casualitat.
02:47
When you have someone who is more competitive and more compassionate
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Que fos més competitiva i més compassiva
02:50
than anybody else in the race, again, it's not a coincidence.
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que les altres de la cursa, tampoc ho és.
02:53
You show me a creature with webbed feet and gills;
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Si un animal és palmípede i té brànquies,
02:56
somehow water's involved.
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l'aigua hi té a veure.
02:58
Someone with that kind of heart, there's some kind of connection there.
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Algú amb aquest cor... Hi ha d'haver una connexió.
03:01
And the answer to it, I think,
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I la resposta, crec que
03:03
can be found down in the Copper Canyons of Mexico,
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es troba a les Barrancas del Cobre, a Mèxic,
03:06
where there's a tribe, a reclusive tribe,
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on viu una tribu solitària,
03:08
called the Tarahumara Indians.
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els indis tarahumares.
03:10
Now the Tarahumara are remarkable for three things.
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Els tarahumares destaquen per tres coses.
03:13
Number one is,
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La primera és
03:15
they have been living essentially unchanged
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que han estat vivint igual
03:17
for the past 400 years.
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en els darrers 400 anys.
03:19
When the conquistadors arrived in North America you had two choices:
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Els conqueridors d'Amèrica deixaven dues opcions:
03:22
you either fight back and engage or you could take off.
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plantar-los cara i lluitar o fugir.
03:25
The Mayans and Aztecs engaged,
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Els maies i els asteques hi van lluitar,
03:27
which is why there are very few Mayans and Aztecs.
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per això en queden ben pocs.
03:30
The Tarahumara had a different strategy.
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Els tarahumares tenien una altra estratègia.
03:32
They took off and hid
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Van fugir i es van amagar
03:34
in this labyrinthine, networking,
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en una xarxa laberíntica,
03:36
spiderwebbing system of canyons
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una teranyina de canyons
03:38
called the Copper Canyons,
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anomenada Barrancas del Cobre,
03:40
and there they remained since the 1600s --
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i s'hi van quedar cap al 1600,
03:43
essentially the same way they've always been.
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i viuen gairebé igual des de llavors.
03:47
The second thing remarkable about the Tarahumara
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El segon tret destacable és
03:50
is, deep into old age -- 70 to 80 years old --
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que a edats avançades, 70, 80 anys,
03:53
these guys aren't running marathons;
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aquests paios no fan maratons,
03:55
they're running mega-marathons.
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corren megamaratons.
03:57
They're not doing 26 miles;
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No corren 42 km,
03:59
they're doing 100, 150 miles at a time,
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en fan 160 o 250 d'una tirada,
04:02
and apparently without injury, without problems.
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i sense lesions ni problemes.
04:05
The last thing that's remarkable about the Tarahumara
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El seu darrer tret destacable
04:07
is that all the things that we're going to be talking about today,
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és que dels problemes actuals,
04:09
all the things that we're trying to come up with
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tot allò que intentem solucionar
04:11
using all of our technology and brain power to solve --
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fent ús de la tecnologia i del nostre cervell:
04:14
things like heart disease and cholesterol and cancer
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malalties cardiovasculars, càncer,
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and crime and warfare and violence and clinical depression --
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el crim, la guerra, la violència i les depressions...
04:19
all this stuff, the Tarahumara don't know what you're talking about.
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Els tarahumares no n'han sentit mai a parlar.
04:22
They are free
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Estan alliberats
04:24
from all of these modern ailments.
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de les malalties modernes.
04:26
So what's the connection?
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I doncs, quina és la connexió?
04:28
Again, we're talking about outliers --
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Un cop més, els valors atípics.
04:30
there's got to be some kind of cause and effect there.
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Hi ha d'haver algun tipus de causa-efecte.
04:32
Well, there are teams of scientists
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Hi ha equips de científics
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at Harvard and the University of Utah
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a Harvard i a la Universitat de Utah
04:36
that are bending their brains to try to figure out
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trencant-se el cap per esbrinar
04:38
what the Tarahumara have known forever.
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el que els tarahumares sempre han sabut.
04:41
They're trying to solve those same kinds of mysteries.
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Intenten resoldre els mateixos misteris.
04:44
And once again, a mystery wrapped inside of a mystery --
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Un misteri, embolicat en un altre misteri...
04:47
perhaps the key to Derartu Tulu and the Tarahumara
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Potser la clau per a la Derartu Tulu i els tarahumares
04:50
is wrapped in three other mysteries, which go like this:
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està amagada en tres misteris més.
04:53
three things -- if you have the answer, come up and take the microphone,
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Tres coses. Si ho sabeu, agafeu el micro,
04:55
because nobody else knows the answer.
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perquè ningú en sap la resposta.
04:57
And if you know it, then you are smarter than anybody else on planet Earth.
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I si ho sabeu, sereu els més llestos del món.
05:00
Mystery number one is this:
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Misteri número u:
05:02
Two million years ago the human brain exploded in size.
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Fa 2 milions d'anys, el cervell va créixer de cop.
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Australopithecus had a tiny little pea brain.
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L'Australopitecus el tenia com un cigró.
05:07
Suddenly humans show up -- Homo erectus --
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Llavors, apareixen els humans, l'Homo erectus,
05:09
big, old melon-head.
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amb un cap com un meló.
05:11
To have a brain of that size,
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Per a un cervell tan gran,
05:13
you need to have a source of condensed caloric energy.
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cal una font de calories concentrada.
05:16
In other words, early humans are eating dead animals --
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És a dir, els primitius menjaven animals morts,
05:18
no argument, that's a fact.
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no n'hi ha dubte, és evident.
05:20
The only problem is,
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L'únic problema és
05:22
the first edged weapons only appeared about 200,000 years ago.
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que les primeres armes tenen 200.000 d'anys.
05:25
So, somehow, for nearly two million years,
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Així que durant 2 milions d'anys,
05:28
we are killing animals without any weapons.
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vam matar animals sense armes.
05:31
Now we're not using our strength
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No era gràcies a la força
05:33
because we are the biggest sissies in the jungle.
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perquè som els més figa de la selva.
05:35
Every other animal is stronger than we are --
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Qualsevol altre animal és més fort.
05:37
they have fangs, they have claws, they have nimbleness, they have speed.
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Tenen ullals i urpes, són àgils i ràpids.
05:40
We think Usain Bolt is fast. Usain Bolt can get his ass kicked by a squirrel.
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Que l'Usain Bolt és ràpid? Un esquirol l'apallissaria.
05:43
We're not fast.
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No som ràpids.
05:45
That would be an Olympic event: turn a squirrel loose --
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Podria ser prova olímpica: persecució d'esquirol.
05:47
whoever catches the squirrel, you get a gold medal.
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Si algú l'agafa, guanya l'or.
05:50
So no weapons, no speed, no strength, no fangs, no claws --
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Sense armes, velocitat, força ni ullals.
05:53
how were we killing these animals? Mystery number one.
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Com els mataven? Misteri número u.
05:56
Mystery number two:
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Misteri número dos:
05:58
Women have been in the Olympics for quite some time now,
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Fa temps que les dones participen als Jocs,
06:01
but one thing that's remarkable about all women sprinters --
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però hi ha un tret comú a totes les esprinters:
06:03
they all suck; they're terrible.
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fan pena, són terribles.
06:05
There's not a fast woman on the planet
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No hi ha cap dona ràpida al món,
06:07
and there never has been.
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i no n'hi ha hagut mai cap.
06:09
The fastest woman to ever run a mile did it in 4:15.
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La dona més ràpida va fer els 1500 en 4:15.
06:12
I could throw a rock and hit a high school boy
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A qualsevol institut trobes marrecs
06:14
who can run faster than 4:15.
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que corren per sota de 4:15.
06:16
For some reason you guys are just really slow.
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No sé per què, les ties sou molt lentes.
06:18
(Laughter)
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(Rialles)
06:20
But you get to the marathon we were just talking about --
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Tornem a la marató de què parlàvem,
06:23
you guys have only been allowed to run the marathon for 20 years.
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només fa 20 anys que podeu fer maratons.
06:25
Because, prior to the 1980s,
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Perquè, abans dels anys 80,
06:27
medical science said that if a woman tried to run 26 miles --
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la medicina deia que si una dona corria 42 km...
06:30
does anyone know what would happen if you tried to run 26 miles,
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Sabeu què podia passar si corríeu 42 km?
06:32
why you were banned from the marathon before the 1980s?
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Per què us van prohibir participar-hi abans de 1980?
06:36
(Audience Member: Her uterus would be torn.) Her uterus would be torn.
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(Públic: Tindria un esquinçament d'úter)
06:39
Yes. You would have torn reproductive organs.
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Esquinçament dels òrgans reproductius.
06:41
The uterus would fall out, literally fall out of the body.
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L'úter cauria literalment del cos.
06:44
Now I've been to a lot of marathons,
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He corregut moltes maratons,
06:46
and I've yet to see any ...
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i encara és hora que ho vegi.
06:48
(Laughter)
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(Rialles)
06:51
So it's only been 20 years that women have been allowed to run the marathon.
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Així que, només fa 20 anys que en poden córrer.
06:54
In that very short learning curve,
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En tan poc temps,
06:56
you guys have gone from broken organs
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heu passat d'òrgans esquinçats,
06:59
up to the fact that you're only 10 minutes off
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a ser tan sols a 10 minuts
07:01
the male world record.
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del rècord del món masculí.
07:03
Then you go beyond 26 miles,
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Si anem més enllà dels 42 km,
07:05
into the distance that medical science also told us would be fatal to humans --
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una distància letal segons la medicina,
07:08
remember Pheidippides died when he ran 26 miles --
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Filípides va morir en córrer 42 km,
07:10
you get to 50 and 100 miles,
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per exemple 80 o 160 km,
07:12
and suddenly it's a different game.
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llavors és una altra lliga.
07:14
You can take a runner like Ann Trason, or Nikki Kimball, or Jenn Shelton,
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Si agafem l'Ann Trason, la Nikki Kimball o la Jenn Shelton,
07:17
you put them in a race of 50 or 100 miles against anybody in the world
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en una cursa de 80 o 160 km contra qualsevol,
07:20
and it's a coin toss who's going to win.
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és una loteria saber qui guanyarà.
07:22
I'll give you an example.
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Us en posaré un exemple.
07:24
A couple years ago, Emily Baer signed up for a race
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Fa anys, l'Emily Baer es va inscriure
07:26
called the Hardrock 100,
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a la cursa Hardrock 160.
07:28
which tells you all you need to know about the race.
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El nom ho diu tot de la cursa.
07:31
They give you 48 hours to finish this race.
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Et donen 48 hores per acabar-la.
07:33
Well Emily Baer -- 500 runners --
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L'Emily Baer, de 500 corredors,
07:35
she finishes in eighth place, in the top 10,
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va acabar la vuitena, al top 10,
07:37
even though she stopped at all the aid stations
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malgrat aturar-se a tots els avituallaments
07:39
to breastfeed her baby during the race --
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per alletar el seu nadó durant la cursa.
07:42
and yet, beat 492 other people.
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En va guanyar 492.
07:44
So why is it that women get stronger
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Segon misteri: Per què les dones milloren
07:46
as distances get longer?
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quan les distàncies augmenten?
07:48
The third mystery is this:
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El tercer misteri:
07:50
At the University of Utah, they started tracking finishing times
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A la Universitat de Utah, van estudiar les marques
07:53
for people running the marathon.
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dels corredors de marató.
07:55
And what they found
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I van descobrir
07:57
is that, if you start running the marathon at age 19,
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que si en comences a córrer als 19,
07:59
you will get progressively faster, year by year,
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cada any ets més ràpid,
08:01
until you reach your peak at age 27.
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fins arribar al teu màxim als 27.
08:03
And then after that, you succumb
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Després, ja no aguantes,
08:05
to the rigors of time.
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l'edat et passa factura.
08:07
And you'll get slower and slower,
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I llavors ets cada cop més lent,
08:09
until eventually you're back to running the same speed you were at age 19.
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fins que tornes a la velocitat dels 19.
08:12
So about seven years, eight years to reach your peak,
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Trigues set, vuit anys a fer el cim,
08:14
and then gradually you fall off your peak,
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per ensorrar-te gradualment,
08:16
until you go back to the starting point.
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fins que tornes al punt d'inici.
08:19
You would think it might take eight years to go back to the same speed,
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Penseu que calen 8 anys per tornar a l'origen?
08:22
maybe 10 years -- no, it's 45 years.
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Potser 10? No, en són 45.
08:25
64-year-old men and women
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Els homes i les dones de 60 anys
08:27
are running as fast as they were at age 19.
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corren tan ràpid com quan en tenien 19.
08:30
Now I defy you to come up with any other physical activity --
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Us repto a trobar altres activitats físiques,
08:33
and please don't say golf -- something that actually is hard --
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el golf no compta, alguna activitat dura,
08:37
where geriatrics are performing
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on els veterans ho facin tan bé
08:39
as well as they did as teenagers.
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com quan eren adolescents.
08:42
So you have these three mysteries.
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Doncs tenim tres misteris.
08:44
Is there one piece in the puzzle
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Hi ha cap peça del trencaclosques
08:46
which might wrap all these things up?
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que resolgui tota l'equació?
08:48
You've got to be really careful any time
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Cal anar amb molt de compte,
08:50
someone looks back in prehistory and tries to give you some sort of global answer,
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quan algú es basa en la prehistòria per explicar-se,
08:53
because, it being prehistory,
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com que és la prehistòria,
08:55
you can say whatever the hell you want and get away with it.
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qualsevol bajanada pot anar a missa.
08:57
But I'll submit this to you:
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Us vull plantejar això:
08:59
If you put one piece in the middle of this jigsaw puzzle,
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Amb una peça del trencaclosques,
09:01
suddenly it all starts to form a coherent picture.
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de sobte, tot comença a tenir sentit.
09:04
If you wonder, why it is the Tarahumara don't fight
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Si us pregunteu per què els tarahumares
09:06
and don't die of heart disease,
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no moren de malalties del cor,
09:08
why a poor Ethiopian woman named Derartu Tulu
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per què una pobra etíop, la Derartu Tulu,
09:11
can be the most compassionate and yet the most competitive,
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és alhora la més compassiva i la més competitiva,
09:14
and why we somehow were able
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i per què érem capaços
09:16
to find food without weapons,
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de trobar menjar sense armes,
09:18
perhaps it's because humans,
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potser és perquè els humans,
09:20
as much as we like to think of ourselves as masters of the universe,
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tot i que ens sentim els amos de l'univers
09:23
actually evolved as nothing more
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hem evolucionat igual que
09:25
than a pack of hunting dogs.
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una gossada de gossos de caça.
09:27
Maybe we evolved
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Potser hem evolucionat
09:29
as a hunting pack animal.
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com una manada d'animals de caça.
09:31
Because the one advantage we have in the wilderness --
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L'avantatge que tenim a la natura,
09:33
again, it's not our fangs and our claws and our speed --
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no són els ullals, les urpes, ni la velocitat,
09:35
the only thing we do really, really well is sweat.
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l'únic que fem genial és suar.
09:38
We're really good at being sweaty and smelly.
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Som els millors suant i fent ferum.
09:41
Better than any other mammal on Earth, we can sweat really well.
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Millor que cap mamífer, suem de conya.
09:44
But the advantage
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Però l'avantatge
09:46
of that little bit of social discomfort
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d'aquesta incomoditat social és
09:48
is the fact that, when it comes to running
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que a l'hora de córrer
09:50
under hot heat for long distances,
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llargues distàncies quan fa calor,
09:53
we're superb, we're the best on the planet.
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som genials, els millors del món.
09:56
You take a horse on a hot day,
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Un cavall en un dia calorós,
09:58
and after about five or six miles, that horse has a choice.
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després de 8 o 10 km, ha de triar.
10:00
It's either going to breathe or it's going to cool off,
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O respirar, o refrescar-se,
10:03
but it ain't doing both -- we can.
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però no ho pot fer tot. Nosaltres, sí.
10:05
So what if we evolved as hunting pack animals?
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I si hem evolucionat com una gossada de caça?
10:08
What if the only natural advantage we had in the world
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I si l'únic avantatge que teníem
10:12
was the fact that we could get together as a group,
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era que podíem formar un grup,
10:14
go out there on that African Savannah, pick out an antelope
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sortir plegats a la sabana africana, triar un antílop
10:17
and go out as a pack and run that thing to death?
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i empaitar-lo plegats fins que morís?
10:20
That's all we could do.
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És tot el que podíem fer,
10:22
We could run really far on a hot day.
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córrer distàncies llargues sota la calor.
10:24
Well if that's true, a couple other things had to be true as well.
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Si fos cert, altres coses també ho serien.
10:27
The key to being part of a hunting pack is the word "pack."
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La clau d'un grup de caça és: "grup".
10:30
If you go out by yourself, and you try to chase an antelope,
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Si aneu sols a empaitar un antílop,
10:32
I guarantee you there's going to be two cadavers out there in the Savannah.
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ben segur que hi haurà dos cadàvers.
10:35
You need a pack to pull together.
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Cal treballar en equip.
10:37
You need to have those 64-, 65-year-olds
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Calen els més veterans, 64, 65 anys,
10:39
who have been doing this for a long time
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que tenen molta experiència,
10:41
to understand which antelope you're actually trying to catch.
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per saber quin és l'antílop que empaites.
10:43
The herd explodes and it gathers back again.
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El ramat es forma i es desfà constantment.
10:46
Those expert trackers have got to be part of the pack.
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Els rastrejadors experts eren imprescindibles.
10:48
They can't be 10 miles behind.
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No podien ser a 15 km.
10:50
You need to have the women and the adolescents there
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Les dones i els joves hi eren
10:52
because the two times in your life you most benefit from animal protein
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perquè qui aprofita més les proteïnes animals,
10:55
is when you are a nursing mother and a developing adolescent.
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són les mares recents i els nois en creixement.
10:58
It makes no sense to have the antelope over there dead
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No és lògic tenir un antílop mort
11:00
and the people who want to eat it 50 miles away.
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i els que tenen gana a 80 km,
11:02
They need to be part of the pack.
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han de ser al grup.
11:04
You need to have those 27-year-old studs at the peak of their powers
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Calen homes forts de 27 anys,
11:06
ready to drop the kill,
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per matar la presa,
11:08
and you need to have those teenagers there
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i els adolescents hi han de ser
11:10
who are learning the whole thing all involved.
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per aprendre com es fa.
11:12
The pack stays together.
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El grup ha d'estar unit.
11:14
Another thing that has to be true about this pack: this pack cannot be really materialistic.
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Una altra realitat: el grup no pot ser egoista.
11:17
You can't be hauling all your crap around, trying to chase the antelope.
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No pots emprenyar-te empaitant l'antílop.
11:20
You can't be a pissed-off pack. You can't be bearing grudges,
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El grup no pot estar malavingut.
11:23
like, "I'm not chasing that guy's antelope.
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Res de:"Jo no empaito el seu antílop"
11:25
He pissed me off. Let him go chase his own antelope."
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"Ja s'espavilarà tot sol amb l'antílop".
11:27
The pack has got to be able to swallow its ego,
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El grup s'ha d'empassar l'ego,
11:30
be cooperative and pull together.
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ha de treballar en equip.
11:32
What you end up with, in other words,
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El resultat final, si fa no fa,
11:35
is a culture remarkably similar
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és una cultura força semblant
11:37
to the Tarahumara --
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als tarahumares,
11:39
a tribe that has remained unchanged
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una tribu que no ha canviat
11:41
since the Stone Age.
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des de l'edat de pedra.
11:43
It's a really compelling argument
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És una tesi colpidora,
11:45
that maybe the Tarahumara are doing
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potser els tarahumares fan
11:47
exactly what all of us had done for two million years,
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el que havíem fet més de 2 milions d'anys.
11:50
that it's us in modern times who have sort of gone off the path.
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Que és ara, que ens hem desviat del camí.
11:53
You know, we look at running as this kind of alien, foreign thing,
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Veiem el córrer com una cosa estranya,
11:56
this punishment you've got to do because you ate pizza the night before.
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el càstig per menjar pizza ahir a la nit.
11:59
But maybe it's something different.
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Però potser no.
12:01
Maybe we're the ones who have taken this natural advantage we had
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Potser hem agafat aquest avantatge innat
12:04
and we spoiled it.
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i l'hem fet malbé.
12:06
How do we spoil it? Well how do we spoil anything?
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Com? Com es fan les coses malbé?
12:09
We try to cash in on it.
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Intentant fer-ne diners.
12:11
We try to can it and package it and make it "better"
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Ho emboliquem, ho fem maco
12:13
and sell it to people.
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i ho venem a tot déu.
12:15
And what happened was we started creating
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Llavors vam començar a fer
12:17
these fancy cushioned things,
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unes joies amb esmorteïment
12:19
which can make running "better," called running shoes.
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per córrer millor, les sabatilles de córrer.
12:22
The reason I get personally pissed-off about running shoes
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El que m'emprenya de les sabatilles
12:25
is because I bought a million of them and I kept getting hurt.
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és que n'he comprat milions i encara em lesiono.
12:28
And I think that, if anybody in here runs --
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Crec que, si algú d'aquí corre...
12:30
and I just had a conversation with Carol;
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Abans en parlava amb la Carol,
12:32
we talked for two minutes backstage, and she's talking about plantar fasciitis.
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hem xerrat dos minuts, de la fascitis plantar.
12:35
You talk to a runner, I guarantee, within 30 seconds,
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Parleu amb un corredor mig minut,
12:38
the conversation turns to injury.
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i ja esteu parlant de lesions.
12:40
So if humans evolved as runners, if that's our one natural advantage,
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Si som éssers corredors i tenim aquest do,
12:43
why are we so bad at it? Why do we keep getting hurt?
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Per què som tan negats? Per què em lesiono?
12:46
Curious thing about running and running injuries
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El curiós de córrer i lesionar-se
12:48
is that the running injury is new to our time.
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és que les lesions són de la nostra època.
12:51
If you read folklore and mythology,
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Si llegiu mites i folklore,
12:53
any kind of myths, any kind of tall tales,
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mites i llegendes de tot tipus,
12:55
running is always associated
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córrer sempre s'associa
12:57
with freedom and vitality and youthfulness and eternal vigor.
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a la llibertat, a la joventut i al vigor etern.
13:00
It's only in our lifetime
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Només en l'actualitat
13:02
that running has become associated with fear and pain.
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s'associa amb la por i el dolor.
13:04
Geronimo used to say
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Gerónimo deia:
13:06
that, "My only friends are my legs. I only trust my legs."
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"Les cames són les úniques amigues en qui confio".
13:09
That's because an Apache triathlon
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Això és perquè una triatló apatxe
13:11
used to be you'd run 50 miles across the desert,
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eren 80 km de cursa pel desert,
13:13
engage in hand-to-hand combat, steal a bunch of horses
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combat cos a cos, robar cavalls
13:15
and slap leather for home.
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i cavalcar cap a casa a tota llet.
13:17
Geronimo was never saying, "Ah, you know something,
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Gerónimo no deia mai:
13:19
my achilles -- I'm tapering. I got to take this week off,"
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"Ai, el taló... He de descansar una setmana",
13:22
or "I need to cross-train.
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"He de fer cross training".
13:24
I didn't do yoga. I'm not ready."
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"No he fet ioga. No estic a punt".
13:27
Humans ran and ran all the time.
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Els humans han corregut tota la vida.
13:29
We are here today. We have our digital technology.
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Som aquí. Amb la tecnologia digital.
13:31
All of our science comes from the fact
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Els nostres coneixements existeixen
13:33
that our ancestors were able
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perquè els nostres avantpassats eren capaços
13:35
to do something extraordinary every day,
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de fer coses extraordinàries cada dia,
13:37
which was just rely on their naked feet and legs
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confiaven en els peus descalços i les cames
13:39
to run long distances.
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per recórrer llargues distàncies.
13:41
So how do we get back to that again?
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Com podem tornar-hi?
13:43
Well, I would submit to you the first thing is
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Proposo començar per
13:45
get rid of all packaging, all the sales, all the marketing.
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desfer-se de l'embolcall i el màrqueting.
13:48
Get rid of all the stinking running shoes.
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Desfer-se del coi de sabatilles.
13:50
Stop focusing on urban marathons,
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Prou de maratons urbanes,
13:52
which, if you do four hours, you suck.
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si les fas en 4 hores, fas pena.
13:55
If you do 3:59:59, you're awesome,
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Però en 3:59:59 ets boníssim,
13:57
because you qualified for another race.
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perquè et classifiques per a la propera.
13:59
We need to get back to that sense of playfulness and joyfulness
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Hem de recuperar el plaer, la diversió,
14:02
and, I would say, nakedness,
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i, també la nuesa
14:05
that has made the Tarahumara
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que ha convertit els tarahumares
14:07
one of the healthiest and serene cultures in our time.
350
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en una de les cultures més sanes d'avui dia.
14:10
So what's the benefit? So what?
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I què en traiem? Què?
14:12
So you burn off the Haagen-Dazs from the night before?
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Cremar el gelat d'ahir a la nit?
14:15
But maybe there's another benefit there as well.
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Potser té altres beneficis.
14:18
Without getting a little too extreme about this,
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No em vull fer pesat,
14:21
imagine a world
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imagineu un món
14:23
where everybody could go out their door
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on poguessim sortir
14:25
and engage in the kind of exercise
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a fer el tipus d'esport
14:27
that's going to make them more relaxed, more serene,
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que ens fa estar relaxats i serens,
14:30
more healthy,
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trobar-nos millor,
14:32
burn off stress --
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cremar l'estrès...
14:34
where you don't come back into your office a raging maniac anymore,
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Sense anar a la feina com feres,
14:36
where you don't go back home with a lot of stress on top of you again.
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ni tornar a casa estressats.
14:38
Maybe there's something between what we are today
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Potser hi ha un punt mitjà entre com som
14:41
and what the Tarahumara have always been.
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i com han estat sempre els tarahumares.
14:44
I don't say let's go back to the Copper Canyons
365
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No cal tornar a les Barrancas del Cobre,
14:46
and live on corn and maize, which is the Tarahumara's preferred diet,
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a viure de blat de moro, el preferit dels tarahumares
14:49
but maybe there's somewhere in between.
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però potser hi ha un punt mitjà.
14:51
And if we find that thing,
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I si el trobem,
14:53
maybe there is a big fat Nobel Prize out there.
369
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potser algú rebrà el Premi Nobel.
14:56
Because if somebody could find a way
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Si algú troba la manera
14:59
to restore that natural ability
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de recuperar aquest do innat
15:01
that we all enjoyed for most of our existence,
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del qual n'hem gaudit gairebé sempre,
15:03
up until the 1970s or so,
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fins més o menys els anys 70,
15:05
the benefits, social and physical
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els beneficis socials, físics,
15:07
and political and mental,
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polítics i mentals,
15:10
could be astounding.
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podrien ser increïbles.
15:12
So what I've been seeing today is there is a growing subculture
377
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El que hem vist avui és que neix una subcultura
15:15
of barefoot runners, people who got rid of their shoes.
378
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d'atletes descalços, que es desfan de les sabatilles.
15:18
And what they have found uniformly is
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La majoria ha descobert que
15:20
you get rid of the shoes, you get rid of the stress,
380
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un cop fora les sabatilles, fora l'estrés,
15:23
you get rid of the injuries and the ailments.
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fora lesions i patiments.
15:25
And what you find is something
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I descobreixes una cosa
15:27
the Tarahumara have known for a very long time,
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que els tarahumares fa temps que saben,
15:29
that this can be a whole lot of fun.
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que us ho podeu passar de conya.
15:31
I've experienced it personally myself.
385
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Jo mateix ho he experimentat.
15:33
I was injured all my life, and then in my early 40s I got rid of my shoes
386
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Sempre m'he lesionat i als 40, sabatilles fora.
15:36
and my running ailments have gone away too.
387
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Les lesions també han desaparegut.
15:38
So hopefully it's something we can all benefit from.
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Espero que tots en puguem sortir guanyant.
15:40
And I appreciate you guys listening to this story. Thanks very much.
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I us agraeixo que m'hagueu escoltat. Moltes gràcies.
15:43
(Applause)
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(Aplaudiments)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Christopher McDougall - Journalist, runnerChristopher McDougall is the author of "Born to Run: A Hidden Tribe, Super Athletes, and the Greatest Race the World Has Never Seen."
Why you should listen
Longtime reporter Christopher McDougall is also a longtime runner -- and he brings his reporter's passion and eye for detail to the mysteries of running in his latest book. "Born to Run" examines humanity's inborn need to run and sweat, and it's filled with passion, odd facts, oddly pertinent digressions and deeply engaging journeys to running subcults (and cults-of-one). The book has inspired at least one fan site.
McDougall writes for Outside, Men's Health, New York and other magazines. His other, equally intriguing book, is Girl Trouble: The True Saga of Superstar Gloria Trevi and the Secret Teenage Sex Cult That Stunned the World.
Christopher McDougall | Speaker | TED.com