TED Talks Education
Angela Lee Duckworth: Grit: The power of passion and perseverance
Angela Lee Duckworth: La clau de l'èxit? La valentia
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Havent deixat una prometedora feina com a consultora, l'Angela Lee Duckworth es va fer professora de matemàtiques de nens de 12 anys en una escola pública de Nova York. Aviat es va adonar que el QI no era l'única cosa que distingia els alumnes amb èxit i els que tenien dificultats. Ara explica la seva teoria sobre la valentia com a predictora de l'èxit.
Angela Lee Duckworth - Psychologist
At the University of Pennsylvania, Angela Lee Duckworth studies intangible concepts such as self-control and grit to determine how they might predict both academic and professional success. Full bio
At the University of Pennsylvania, Angela Lee Duckworth studies intangible concepts such as self-control and grit to determine how they might predict both academic and professional success. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
When I was 27 years old,
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Quan tenia 27 anys,
00:14
I left a very demanding job in management consulting
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vaig deixar una feina esgotadora de consultora
00:18
for a job that was even more demanding: teaching.
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per una de més esgotadora: professora.
00:22
I went to teach seventh graders math
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Ensenyava matemàtiques a nens de 12 anys
00:25
in the New York City public schools.
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a les escoles públiques de Nova York.
00:27
And like any teacher, I made quizzes and tests.
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Com qualsevol professor, feia qüestionaris i tests.
00:31
I gave out homework assignments.
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Els donava deures.
00:32
When the work came back, I calculated grades.
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Quan me'ls lliuraven, en calculava les notes.
00:36
What struck me was that I.Q. was not the only difference
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Però em va sobtar que el QI no era l'única diferència
00:41
between my best and my worst students.
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entre el millor i el pitjor estudiant.
00:44
Some of my strongest performers
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Alguns dels millors
00:47
did not have stratospheric I.Q. scores.
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no tenien QI estratosfèrics.
00:49
Some of my smartest kids weren't doing so well.
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Alguns dels més llestos no se'n sortien tan bé.
00:54
And that got me thinking.
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Això em va fer pensar.
00:56
The kinds of things you need to learn in seventh grade math,
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El que s'aprèn a mates amb 12 anys,
00:59
sure, they're hard: ratios, decimals,
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sí, és difícil: fraccions, decimals
01:02
the area of a parallelogram.
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o l'àrea d'un paral·lelogram.
01:04
But these concepts are not impossible,
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Però no són coses inaccessibles
01:07
and I was firmly convinced that every one of my students
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i estava convençuda que tots els meus alumnes
01:11
could learn the material
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es podien aprendre el temari
01:13
if they worked hard and long enough.
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si hi treballaven molt i prou de temps.
01:16
After several more years of teaching,
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Després d'uns anys ensenyant,
01:19
I came to the conclusion that what we need in education
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vaig concloure que el que ens fa falta
01:22
is a much better understanding of students and learning
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és entendre molt millor els alumnes i com aprenen
01:26
from a motivational perspective,
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des d'una perspectiva d'incentius,
01:28
from a psychological perspective.
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des d'una perspectiva psicològica.
01:31
In education, the one thing we know how to measure best
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En l'ensenyament, el que sabem mesurar millor
01:36
is I.Q., but what if doing well in school and in life
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és el QI, però i si l'èxit a l'escola i a la vida
01:42
depends on much more
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depengués de molt més
01:44
than your ability to learn quickly and easily?
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que de l'habilitat d'aprendre ràpidament i fàcil?
01:48
So I left the classroom,
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Doncs, vaig deixar les classes
01:50
and I went to graduate school to become a psychologist.
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per anar a la universitat i fer-me psicòloga.
01:53
I started studying kids and adults
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Vaig començar a estudiar nens i adults
01:55
in all kinds of super challenging settings,
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en tot tipus de condicions molt dures
01:58
and in every study my question was,
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i la meva pregunta sempre era:
02:01
who is successful here and why?
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Qui té èxit i per què?
02:04
My research team and I went to West Point Military Academy.
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El meu equip de recerca i jo vam anar
a l'Acadèmia Militar dels Estats Units.
a l'Acadèmia Militar dels Estats Units.
02:08
We tried to predict which cadets
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Intentàvem preveure quins cadets
02:10
would stay in military training and which would drop out.
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seguirien l'entrenament i quins abandonarien.
02:14
We went to the National Spelling Bee
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Vam ser a la competició de lletrejar nacional
02:16
and tried to predict which children would advance
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i intentàrem preveure quins nens arribarien
02:19
farthest in competition.
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més lluny en la competició.
02:21
We studied rookie teachers
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Vam estudiar professors novells
02:23
working in really tough neighborhoods, asking
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que treballaven a barris molt durs,
i ens preguntàrem
i ens preguntàrem
02:26
which teachers are still going to be here in teaching
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quins seguirien ensenyant allà encara
02:29
by the end of the school year,
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a final de curs
02:31
and of those, who will be the most effective
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i quins d'aquests tindrien millors resultats
02:34
at improving learning outcomes for their students?
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respecte al que aprenien els seus alumnes.
02:37
We partnered with private companies, asking,
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Vam treballar amb empreses i ens preguntàvem:
02:39
which of these salespeople is going to keep their jobs?
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Quins dels venedors mantindran la feina?
02:42
And who's going to earn the most money?
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I qui guanyarà més diners?
02:44
In all those very different contexts,
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En tots aquests contextos diferents
02:47
one characteristic emerged
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va destacar una característica
02:49
as a significant predictor of success.
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com a predictora significant de l'èxit.
02:52
And it wasn't social intelligence.
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No era la intel·ligència social.
02:54
It wasn't good looks, physical health, and it wasn't I.Q.
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No eren l'atractiu ni la salut física ni el QI.
02:59
It was grit.
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Era la valentia.
03:01
Grit is passion and perseverance for very long-term goals.
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Valentia és passió i perseverança
per a obtenir objectius a llarg termini.
per a obtenir objectius a llarg termini.
03:06
Grit is having stamina.
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Valentia és fortalesa.
03:09
Grit is sticking with your future, day in, day out,
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Valentia és treballar per un futur, constantment,
03:13
not just for the week, not just for the month,
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no només una setmana, ni un sol mes,
03:16
but for years, and working really hard
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sinó durant anys, i treballar molt
03:20
to make that future a reality.
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per fer realitat aquest futur.
03:22
Grit is living life like it's a marathon, not a sprint.
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Valentia és viure la vida com una marató,
no un esprint.
no un esprint.
03:27
A few years ago, I started studying grit
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Fa uns anys, vaig començar a estudiar la valentia
03:30
in the Chicago public schools.
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a les escoles públiques de Chicago.
03:32
I asked thousands of high school juniors
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Vaig donar a milers d'estudiants d'institut
03:35
to take grit questionnaires,
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qüestionaris de valentia
03:37
and then waited around more than a year
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i vaig esperar més d'un any
03:39
to see who would graduate.
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per veure qui es graduava.
03:41
Turns out that grittier kids
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Els alumnes més valents
03:43
were significantly more likely to graduate,
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tenien molts més punts per a graduar-se,
03:46
even when I matched them on every characteristic I could measure,
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fins i tot comparant-ho amb qualsevol
característica mesurable,
característica mesurable,
03:50
things like family income,
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com els ingresos familiars,
03:52
standardized achievement test scores,
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la puntuació de testos estandarditzats
03:55
even how safe kids felt when they were at school.
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o com de segurs se sentien a l'institut.
03:59
So it's not just at West Point or the National Spelling Bee
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No és només a l'Acadèmia Militar
o al concurs de lletreig
o al concurs de lletreig
04:02
that grit matters. It's also in school,
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on importa la valentia. És també a l'escola,
04:05
especially for kids at risk for dropping out.
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especialment en alumnes en risc de fracàs.
04:09
To me, the most shocking thing about grit
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Per a mi, el més colpidor de la valentia
04:11
is how little we know,
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és que en sabem molt poc,
04:14
how little science knows, about building it.
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la ciència en sap poc, sobre com crear-la.
04:16
Every day, parents and teachers ask me,
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Cada dia, pares i professors em pregunten:
04:19
"How do I build grit in kids?
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"Com puc fer nens valents?
04:21
What do I do to teach kids a solid work ethic?
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Com els puc ensenyar una ètica de treball sòlida?
04:24
How do I keep them motivated for the long run?"
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Com els mantinc interessats a llarg termini?"
04:27
The honest answer is, I don't know. (Laughter)
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Honestament, no ho sé. (Riures)
04:32
What I do know is that talent doesn't make you gritty.
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Però sé que el talent no et fa valent.
04:35
Our data show very clearly
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Les dades demostren clarament
04:37
that there are many talented individuals
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que hi ha molts individus amb talent
04:39
who simply do not follow through on their commitments.
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que no compleixen els seus compromisos.
04:43
In fact, in our data, grit is usually unrelated
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De fet, en les dades, la valentia no es relaciona
04:47
or even inversely related to measures of talent.
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o, fins i tot, s'oposa a les mesures de talent.
04:52
So far, the best idea I've heard about building grit in kids
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Fins avui, el millor que he sentit sobre crear valentia
04:56
is something called "growth mindset."
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és la mentalitat de creixement.
04:59
This is an idea developed at Stanford University
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És una idea pensada a la Universitat de Stanford
05:01
by Carol Dweck, and it is the belief
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per Carol Dweck i és la creença
05:04
that the ability to learn is not fixed,
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que la capacitat d'aprendre no és fixa,
05:08
that it can change with your effort.
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que es pot canviar amb l'esforç.
05:11
Dr. Dweck has shown that when kids read and learn
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La Dr. Dweck ha demostrat que quan els nens
05:14
about the brain and how it changes and grows
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aprenen com el cervell canvia i creix
05:17
in response to challenge,
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davant dels reptes,
05:19
they're much more likely to persevere when they fail,
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estan més disposats a perseverar quan fracassen
05:23
because they don't believe that failure
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perquè no creuen que el fracàs
05:26
is a permanent condition.
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sigui una condició permanent.
05:28
So growth mindset is a great idea for building grit.
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La mentalitat de creixement és ideal
per crear valentia.
per crear valentia.
05:32
But we need more.
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Però fa falta més.
05:34
And that's where I'm going to end my remarks,
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I fins aquí arriben les meves observacions
05:36
because that's where we are.
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perquè aquí és on ens trobem.
05:37
That's the work that stands before us.
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Aquesta és la feina que hem de fer.
05:40
We need to take our best ideas, our strongest intuitions,
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Hem d'agafar les millors idees, les millors intuïcions
05:44
and we need to test them.
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i les hem de posar a prova.
05:46
We need to measure whether we've been successful,
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Hem de mesurar si hem tingut èxit
05:49
and we have to be willing to fail, to be wrong,
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i hem d'estar disposats a fracassar, a equivocar-nos,
05:52
to start over again with lessons learned.
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per recomençar amb la lliçó apresa.
05:55
In other words, we need to be gritty
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En altres paraules, hem de ser valents
05:59
about getting our kids grittier.
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respecte a crear nens valents.
06:02
Thank you.
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Gràcies.
06:03
(Applause)
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(Aplaudiments)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Angela Lee Duckworth - PsychologistAt the University of Pennsylvania, Angela Lee Duckworth studies intangible concepts such as self-control and grit to determine how they might predict both academic and professional success.
Why you should listen
In her late 20s, Angela Lee Duckworth left a demanding job as a management consultant at McKinsey to teach math in public schools in San Francisco, Philadelphia and New York.
After five years of teaching seventh graders, she went back to grad school to complete her Ph.D. in psychology at the University of Pennsylvania, where she is now an assistant professor in the psychology department. Her research subjects include students, West Point cadets, and corporate salespeople, all of whom she studies to determine how "grit" is a better indicator of success than factors such as IQ or family income.
Angela Lee Duckworth | Speaker | TED.com