TED Talks Education
Angela Lee Duckworth: Grit: The power of passion and perseverance
Angela Lee Duckworth: Angela Lee Duckworth:Ufunguo wa Mafanikio? Uvumilivu na Shauku.
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Akiacha kazi ya hali ya juu sana ya ushauri, Angela Lee Duckworth alianza kazi ya kuwafundisha hisabati wanafunzi wa darasa la saba katika shuke ya serikali jijini New York.Mara moja aligundua kuwa IQ haikuwa sababu pekee inayotoafautisha wanafunzi wanaofanya vizuri na wale wasiofanya vizuri. Hapa anaeleza nadharia yake ya uvumulivu na shauku katika kufanya vitu kama kiashiria cha mafanikio.
Angela Lee Duckworth - Psychologist
At the University of Pennsylvania, Angela Lee Duckworth studies intangible concepts such as self-control and grit to determine how they might predict both academic and professional success. Full bio
At the University of Pennsylvania, Angela Lee Duckworth studies intangible concepts such as self-control and grit to determine how they might predict both academic and professional success. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
When I was 27 years old,
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Nilipokuwa na miaka 27
00:14
I left a very demanding job in management consulting
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niliacha kazi ya kuchukua muda sana kama mshauri wa utawala
00:18
for a job that was even more demanding: teaching.
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kufanya kazi inayochukua muda zaidi sana ya kufundisha.
00:22
I went to teach seventh graders math
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Nilienda kufundisha hisabati, watoto wa darasa la saba.
00:25
in the New York City public schools.
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Katika shule ya serikali ya New York.
00:27
And like any teacher, I made quizzes and tests.
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Na kama Mwalimu yeyote, niliandaa majaribio na mitihani.
00:31
I gave out homework assignments.
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Nilitoa pia mazoezi ya nyumbani
00:32
When the work came back, I calculated grades.
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Kazi ziliporudishwa, nikafanya mahesabu ya alama walizopata.
00:36
What struck me was that I.Q. was not the only difference
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Kilichonishangaza ni kuwa I.Q haikuwa tofauti pekee
00:41
between my best and my worst students.
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kati ya wanafunzi wanaofanya vizuri sana na wale waliofanya vibaya sana.
00:44
Some of my strongest performers
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Baadhi ya wale wazuri sana
00:47
did not have stratospheric I.Q. scores.
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hawakuwa na I.Q za juu sana.
00:49
Some of my smartest kids weren't doing so well.
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walikuwa hawafanyi vizuri sana.
00:54
And that got me thinking.
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na hii ikanifanya nifikiri.
00:56
The kinds of things you need to learn in seventh grade math,
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Vitu unavyohitaji kujifunza darasa la saba
00:59
sure, they're hard: ratios, decimals,
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ni kweli vigumu kama: uwiano,desimali,
01:02
the area of a parallelogram.
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eneo la msambamba.
01:04
But these concepts are not impossible,
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lakini dhana hizi sio ngumu,
01:07
and I was firmly convinced that every one of my students
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na niliamini kuwa wanafunzi wangu
01:11
could learn the material
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wanaweza kujifunza vitu hivi
01:13
if they worked hard and long enough.
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kama wakijituma kwa bidii.
01:16
After several more years of teaching,
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Baada ya miaka kadhaa ya kufundisha,
01:19
I came to the conclusion that what we need in education
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nilipata hitimisho kuwa tunachohitaji katika elimu
01:22
is a much better understanding of students and learning
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ni ufahamu mzuri zaidi wa wanafunzi na usomaji
01:26
from a motivational perspective,
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kwa kuangalia upande wa uhimizaji
01:28
from a psychological perspective.
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kwa kuangalia upande wa kisaikolojia
01:31
In education, the one thing we know how to measure best
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Katika elimu,kitu tunachokipima vizuri
01:36
is I.Q., but what if doing well in school and in life
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ni I.Q, lakini vipi kama kufanikiwa shuleni na katika maisha
01:42
depends on much more
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inategemea zaidi
01:44
than your ability to learn quickly and easily?
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ya uwezo wako wa kusoma haraka na kirahisi?
01:48
So I left the classroom,
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Nikaondoka darasani,
01:50
and I went to graduate school to become a psychologist.
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na nikaenda katika masomo ya uzamili ili kuwa mwanasaikolojia
01:53
I started studying kids and adults
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nikaanza kujifunza kuhusu watoto na watu wazima
01:55
in all kinds of super challenging settings,
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katika mazingira magumu mbalimbali,
01:58
and in every study my question was,
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na katika kila utafiti swali langu lilikuwa,
02:01
who is successful here and why?
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ni nani ambaye amefanikiwa hapa na kwa nini?
02:04
My research team and I went to West Point Military Academy.
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Timu yangu ya watafiti na mimi tulienda katika chuo cha kijeshi cha West Point.
02:08
We tried to predict which cadets
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Tulijaribu kutabiri makadeti gani
02:10
would stay in military training and which would drop out.
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watakaa katika mafunzo na wale ambao watashindwa na mafunzo
02:14
We went to the National Spelling Bee
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Tukaenda shindano la taifa la kutamka herufi
02:16
and tried to predict which children would advance
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na kutabiri watoto gani wataendelea mpaka
02:19
farthest in competition.
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mwisho wa shindano.
02:21
We studied rookie teachers
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Tuliwatafiti walimu wapya
02:23
working in really tough neighborhoods, asking
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wanaofanya kazi katika maeneo magumu sana, tukiuliza
02:26
which teachers are still going to be here in teaching
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walimu gani wataendelea kuwepo wakifundisha
02:29
by the end of the school year,
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mpaka mwisho wa mwaka wa masomo,
02:31
and of those, who will be the most effective
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na kati yao,yupi atakuwa amefanikiwa
02:34
at improving learning outcomes for their students?
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kuongeza uwezo wa kimasomo wa wanafunzi wake?
02:37
We partnered with private companies, asking,
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Tulishirikiana na kampuni binafsi, tukiuliza
02:39
which of these salespeople is going to keep their jobs?
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kati ya watu kadhaa wa masoko ni yupi atakayeendelea kuwa kazini?
02:42
And who's going to earn the most money?
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na yupi atapata pesa nyingi zaidi?
02:44
In all those very different contexts,
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katika mazingira hayo mbalimbali,
02:47
one characteristic emerged
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kitu kimoja kiliibuka
02:49
as a significant predictor of success.
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kama kiashiria muhimu cha mafanikio.
02:52
And it wasn't social intelligence.
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haikuwa uwezo wa kufikiri.
02:54
It wasn't good looks, physical health, and it wasn't I.Q.
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haikuwa mwonekano wa kuvutia,afya nzuri na haikuwa I.Q
02:59
It was grit.
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ilikuwa ni uvumilivu na shauku
03:01
Grit is passion and perseverance for very long-term goals.
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ni shauku na uvumilivu wa malengo ya muda mrefu.
03:06
Grit is having stamina.
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ni kuwa na stamina.
03:09
Grit is sticking with your future, day in, day out,
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ni kung'ang'ania kila siku,
03:13
not just for the week, not just for the month,
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si kwa wiki moja, si kwa mwezi mmoja,
03:16
but for years, and working really hard
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lakini ni kwa miaka, ma kufanya kazi kwa bidii
03:20
to make that future a reality.
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na kufanya maisha yako ya baadaye kuwa kitu halisi.
03:22
Grit is living life like it's a marathon, not a sprint.
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ni kuishi maisha kama mbio ndefu za marathon na sio mbio fupi.
03:27
A few years ago, I started studying grit
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Miaka michache iliyopita nilianza, kujifunza kuhusu hali hii
03:30
in the Chicago public schools.
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katika shule za serikali za mji wa Chicago.
03:32
I asked thousands of high school juniors
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niliwaomba maelfu ya wanafunzi wa sekondari
03:35
to take grit questionnaires,
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kujibu dodoso kuhusu hali hii
03:37
and then waited around more than a year
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baadae nikasubiri zaidi ya mwaka mmoja
03:39
to see who would graduate.
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kuangalia ni nani atakayehitimu.
03:41
Turns out that grittier kids
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inaonekana watoto wenye shauku na uvumilivu huu sana
03:43
were significantly more likely to graduate,
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walikuwa na nafasi kubwa zaidi ya kuhitimu,
03:46
even when I matched them on every characteristic I could measure,
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hata pale nilipolinganisha vigezo mbalimbali,
03:50
things like family income,
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vigezo kama kipato cha familia,
03:52
standardized achievement test scores,
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matokeo ya mitihani ya kupima uwezo,
03:55
even how safe kids felt when they were at school.
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hata watoto walivyojisikia salama wakiwa shuleni.
03:59
So it's not just at West Point or the National Spelling Bee
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Kwa hiyo si tu katika chuo cha Westpoint au shindano la taifa la kutamka herufi
04:02
that grit matters. It's also in school,
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shauku na uvumilivu huu unapokuwa na maana,lakini shuleni,
04:05
especially for kids at risk for dropping out.
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zaidi sana kwa watoto walio hatarini kuacha masomo.
04:09
To me, the most shocking thing about grit
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Kwangu kitu cha kushangaza kuhusu shauku na uvumilivu huu
04:11
is how little we know,
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ni jinsi tusivyofahamu mengi kuhusu hali hii
04:14
how little science knows, about building it.
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jinsi kidogo sana sayansi inavyojua, kuhusu kuijenga.
04:16
Every day, parents and teachers ask me,
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Kila siku, wazazi na walimu wananiuliza,
04:19
"How do I build grit in kids?
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"Ninaijengaje hali hii ndani ya watoto"?
04:21
What do I do to teach kids a solid work ethic?
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nifanyeje kuwafundisha watoto umuhimu wa kazi?
04:24
How do I keep them motivated for the long run?"
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nifanyeje kuwamasisha kwa muda mredu zaidi?"
04:27
The honest answer is, I don't know. (Laughter)
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Jibu ni kuwa sijui.(vicheko)
04:32
What I do know is that talent doesn't make you gritty.
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nachojua ni kuwa kipaji hakikusaidii kuwa na hali hii.
04:35
Our data show very clearly
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Taarifa zetu zinaonyesha wazi wazi
04:37
that there are many talented individuals
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kuwa wapo wengi wenye vipaji mbalimbali
04:39
who simply do not follow through on their commitments.
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lakini wanshindwa kutimiza majukumu yao.
04:43
In fact, in our data, grit is usually unrelated
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na ukweli ni kwamba katika taarifa zetu,inaonyesha hakuna uhusiano
04:47
or even inversely related to measures of talent.
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wa aina yoyote na kipaji
04:52
So far, the best idea I've heard about building grit in kids
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mpaka sasa,wazo zuri zaidi la kujenga hali hii kwa watoto nililolisikia
04:56
is something called "growth mindset."
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ni kitu kinaitwa "ukuaji wa ufahamu."
04:59
This is an idea developed at Stanford University
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hili ni wazo liloanzishwa chuo kikuu cha Stanford
05:01
by Carol Dweck, and it is the belief
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na Carol Dweck, na ni imani kuwa
05:04
that the ability to learn is not fixed,
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uwezo wa kujifunza hauna mipaka,
05:08
that it can change with your effort.
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unaweza kubadilika kutokana na juhudi yako.
05:11
Dr. Dweck has shown that when kids read and learn
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Dr Dweck ameonyesha kuwa watoto wanaposoma na kujifunza
05:14
about the brain and how it changes and grows
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kuhusu ubongo na jinsi unavyokua na kuongezeka
05:17
in response to challenge,
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unapokabiliana na changamoto,
05:19
they're much more likely to persevere when they fail,
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wanakuwa na nafasi kubwa ya kuvumilia wanaposhindwa,
05:23
because they don't believe that failure
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kwa kuwa hawaamini kuwa kushindwa
05:26
is a permanent condition.
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kuwa ni hali ya kudumu.
05:28
So growth mindset is a great idea for building grit.
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Kwa hiyo ukuaji wa ufahamu ni wazo zuri kwa kujenga hali hii.
05:32
But we need more.
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lakini tunahitaji zaidi.
05:34
And that's where I'm going to end my remarks,
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na hapa ndipo nitafunga maelezo yangu,
05:36
because that's where we are.
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kwa sababu ndipo tulipo.
05:37
That's the work that stands before us.
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Hii ndiyo kazi iliyoko mbele yetu.
05:40
We need to take our best ideas, our strongest intuitions,
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Tunahitaji kuchukua mawazo yetu mazuri
05:44
and we need to test them.
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na kuyajaribu.
05:46
We need to measure whether we've been successful,
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Tunahitaji kupima kama tumefanikiwa,
05:49
and we have to be willing to fail, to be wrong,
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na tunahitaji kukubali kufeli,kutokuwa sahihi,
05:52
to start over again with lessons learned.
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kuanza upya na masomo tuliyojifunza.
05:55
In other words, we need to be gritty
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Kwa maneno mengine, tunahitaji kuwa na uvumilivu na shauku hii.
05:59
about getting our kids grittier.
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kuwafanye watoto wetu kuwa na shauku na uvumilivu huu.
06:02
Thank you.
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Asante
06:03
(Applause)
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(Makofi)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Angela Lee Duckworth - PsychologistAt the University of Pennsylvania, Angela Lee Duckworth studies intangible concepts such as self-control and grit to determine how they might predict both academic and professional success.
Why you should listen
In her late 20s, Angela Lee Duckworth left a demanding job as a management consultant at McKinsey to teach math in public schools in San Francisco, Philadelphia and New York.
After five years of teaching seventh graders, she went back to grad school to complete her Ph.D. in psychology at the University of Pennsylvania, where she is now an assistant professor in the psychology department. Her research subjects include students, West Point cadets, and corporate salespeople, all of whom she studies to determine how "grit" is a better indicator of success than factors such as IQ or family income.
Angela Lee Duckworth | Speaker | TED.com