TED Talks Education
Angela Lee Duckworth: Grit: The power of passion and perseverance
安吉拉·李·達克沃斯：成功之道？意志。
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安吉拉·李·達克沃斯離開了一個諮詢工作後，選擇去一間位於紐約市的公立學校教七年級的學生數學。她好快發現智商 (I.Q.) 唔係唯一一個能分別去表現最好同學習上比較有困難的學生。喺這裡，她解釋她的 “意志理念” 點樣可以猜測成就。
Angela Lee Duckworth - Psychologist
At the University of Pennsylvania, Angela Lee Duckworth studies intangible concepts such as self-control and grit to determine how they might predict both academic and professional success. Full bio
At the University of Pennsylvania, Angela Lee Duckworth studies intangible concepts such as self-control and grit to determine how they might predict both academic and professional success. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
When I was 27 years old,
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當我27歲的時候，
00:14
I left a very demanding job in management consulting
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我離開了一個要求很高的管理諮詢工作
00:18
for a job that was even more demanding: teaching.
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去迎接一個要求更高的工作：教書。
00:22
I went to teach seventh graders math
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我去了紐約市的公立學校
00:25
in the New York City public schools.
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教七年級學生數學。
00:27
And like any teacher, I made quizzes and tests.
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同任何一個老師一樣，我會發小測驗和考試。
00:31
I gave out homework assignments.
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我會比功課和作業。
00:32
When the work came back, I calculated grades.
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當作業回來的時候，我就會計算分數出成績。
00:36
What struck me was that I.Q. was not the only difference
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我發現智商 (I.Q.) 並不是唯一一個能分別出
00:41
between my best and my worst students.
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我最好和最差的學生。
00:44
Some of my strongest performers
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我成績最好的學生們
00:47
did not have stratospheric I.Q. scores.
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並不是 I.Q. 爆膨。
00:49
Some of my smartest kids weren't doing so well.
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同樣地我最聰明的學生反而唔係作的咁好。
00:54
And that got me thinking.
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那就推動我反思。
00:56
The kinds of things you need to learn in seventh grade math,
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喺七年級數學要學嘅嘢
00:59
sure, they're hard: ratios, decimals,
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的確係難：比例，小數點，
01:02
the area of a parallelogram.
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平行四邊形的面積等。
01:04
But these concepts are not impossible,
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但係呢啲概念唔係冇可能，
01:07
and I was firmly convinced that every one of my students
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我亦強烈相信我每個學生
01:11
could learn the material
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只要付出時間和努力
01:13
if they worked hard and long enough.
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都能學會科目的內容。
01:16
After several more years of teaching,
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教多幾年書後，
01:19
I came to the conclusion that what we need in education
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我得出的結論就係我們需要喺教育
01:22
is a much better understanding of students and learning
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的方面更加了解學生，
01:26
from a motivational perspective,
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要從一個推動的角度
01:28
from a psychological perspective.
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和一個心裡的角度來學習。
01:31
In education, the one thing we know how to measure best
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喺教育中，我們最叻就係量度智商 (I.Q.)，
01:36
is I.Q., but what if doing well in school and in life
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但如果在學校和人生中的成就
01:42
depends on much more
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其實靠嘅
01:44
than your ability to learn quickly and easily?
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係多過能夠學得快又易這個技能呢？
01:48
So I left the classroom,
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因此我離開了教室，
01:50
and I went to graduate school to become a psychologist.
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去研究生院讀書，後來做了一個心理學家。
01:53
I started studying kids and adults
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我開始喺唔同情況下
01:55
in all kinds of super challenging settings,
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觀察孩子和成年人，
01:58
and in every study my question was,
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而在每次的觀察過程中我的問題就係，
02:01
who is successful here and why?
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邊個喺呢度是成功的和點解？
02:04
My research team and I went to West Point Military Academy.
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我和我的研究隊伍去了西點軍校。
02:08
We tried to predict which cadets
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我們嘗試預測邊位軍人
02:10
would stay in military training and which would drop out.
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會留喺軍事訓練和邊位會退出。
02:14
We went to the National Spelling Bee
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我們去了全國拼字比賽，
02:16
and tried to predict which children would advance
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喺嗰度嘗試猜測邊個小朋友會
02:19
farthest in competition.
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繼續進級去下一回合。
02:21
We studied rookie teachers
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我們觀察了
02:23
working in really tough neighborhoods, asking
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喺艱難街區工作的新秀教師，
02:26
which teachers are still going to be here in teaching
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問那些老師喺年未會
02:29
by the end of the school year,
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仍然喺度工作，
02:31
and of those, who will be the most effective
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而在這批教師裡，那一位會最有效地
02:34
at improving learning outcomes for their students?
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提高學生的學習效果？
02:37
We partnered with private companies, asking,
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我們跟私營公司合作，
02:39
which of these salespeople is going to keep their jobs?
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問邊個銷售人員會保留現有的工作？
02:42
And who's going to earn the most money?
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而邊個會賺最多錢？
02:44
In all those very different contexts,
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在這些非常不同的情況下，
02:47
one characteristic emerged
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顯出了一個共同的特性
02:49
as a significant predictor of success.
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來預測一個人的成功。
02:52
And it wasn't social intelligence.
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佢唔係人際關係。
02:54
It wasn't good looks, physical health, and it wasn't I.Q.
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又唔係好樣子，體能，和智商。
02:59
It was grit.
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而是意志。
03:01
Grit is passion and perseverance for very long-term goals.
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意志是激情和漫長的恆心。
03:06
Grit is having stamina.
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意志是擁有耐力。
03:09
Grit is sticking with your future, day in, day out,
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意志就係日日跟隨自己的未來路向發展，
03:13
not just for the week, not just for the month,
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不但只一個禮拜，也不是一個月，
03:16
but for years, and working really hard
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而是經過很多年的無數努力
03:20
to make that future a reality.
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去將那個未來變成現實。
03:22
Grit is living life like it's a marathon, not a sprint.
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意志是將人生活得像馬拉松一樣，而唔係一個短跑。
03:27
A few years ago, I started studying grit
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幾年前，我開始係芝加哥公立學校
03:30
in the Chicago public schools.
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研究意志。
03:32
I asked thousands of high school juniors
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我請了幾千位高中生
03:35
to take grit questionnaires,
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接受問卷調查，
03:37
and then waited around more than a year
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然後等了多過一年
03:39
to see who would graduate.
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去看看邊個會畢業。
03:41
Turns out that grittier kids
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結果顯示有多啲意志的小朋友，
03:43
were significantly more likely to graduate,
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畢業的可能性多很多，
03:46
even when I matched them on every characteristic I could measure,
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甚至當我將他們和每一個特性比較時，
03:50
things like family income,
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例如家庭收入，
03:52
standardized achievement test scores,
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標準化成就測驗 (SAT) 分數，
03:55
even how safe kids felt when they were at school.
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甚至學生喺學校覺得是否安全。
03:59
So it's not just at West Point or the National Spelling Bee
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所以，意志唔單只喺西點或全國拼字比賽
04:02
that grit matters. It's also in school,
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重要。佢亦喺學校裡很重要，
04:05
especially for kids at risk for dropping out.
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尤其是對於有輟學危險的小朋友。
04:09
To me, the most shocking thing about grit
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對我來講，最震驚的時我們
04:11
is how little we know,
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對意志的認知原來係嘅小，
04:14
how little science knows, about building it.
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科學亦唔係嘅了解點樣去培養它。
04:16
Every day, parents and teachers ask me,
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每天，家長和老師們會問我，
04:19
"How do I build grit in kids?
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“我點樣可以喺小朋友身上培養意志呢？
04:21
What do I do to teach kids a solid work ethic?
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我點樣做才能教悉孩子們做事的恆心？
04:24
How do I keep them motivated for the long run?"
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我點樣做可以令學生從滿毅力地堅持到底？
04:27
The honest answer is, I don't know. (Laughter)
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講真，我唔知道。（笑）
04:32
What I do know is that talent doesn't make you gritty.
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我知道嘅係才能不會令你有意志。
04:35
Our data show very clearly
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我們的數據顯示得很清楚
04:37
that there are many talented individuals
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有很多才能十足的人士
04:39
who simply do not follow through on their commitments.
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根本就冇根除自己的承諾。
04:43
In fact, in our data, grit is usually unrelated
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其實，喺我們的數據裡，意志通常係
04:47
or even inversely related to measures of talent.
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同才能完全冇關甚至負相關。
04:52
So far, the best idea I've heard about building grit in kids
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到目前為止，我聽過最好嘅提議喺小朋友培養意志
04:56
is something called "growth mindset."
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就係一樣叫做 “成長心態" 的理念。
04:59
This is an idea developed at Stanford University
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這個理念係由斯坦福大學的得克·卡羅爾
05:01
by Carol Dweck, and it is the belief
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想出來，而它的想法就係
05:04
that the ability to learn is not fixed,
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學習能力並不是固定的，
05:08
that it can change with your effort.
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是可以隨著你的能力而改變。
05:11
Dr. Dweck has shown that when kids read and learn
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得克博士指，當小朋友學和讀
05:14
about the brain and how it changes and grows
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關於個腦點跟隨迎接挑戰
05:17
in response to challenge,
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時的變化和增長後，
05:19
they're much more likely to persevere when they fail,
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他們會更有可能失敗時持之以恆，
05:23
because they don't believe that failure
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因為他們唔相信失敗
05:26
is a permanent condition.
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係一個永久的狀態。
05:28
So growth mindset is a great idea for building grit.
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所以 “成長心態” 係一個培養意志的好方法。
05:32
But we need more.
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但我們需要更多。
05:34
And that's where I'm going to end my remarks,
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而我就在這裡總結我的言論，
05:36
because that's where we are.
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因為我們現在就是在這裡。
05:37
That's the work that stands before us.
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剩餘的工作就喺我們眼前。
05:40
We need to take our best ideas, our strongest intuitions,
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我們需要把我們最好的意念，我們最好的直覺，
05:44
and we need to test them.
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測試一下。
05:46
We need to measure whether we've been successful,
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我們需要量度我們有冇成功，
05:49
and we have to be willing to fail, to be wrong,
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要願意失敗過，錯過，
05:52
to start over again with lessons learned.
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讓我們從錯誤中學習而從新開始。
05:55
In other words, we need to be gritty
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換句話講，我們需要憑意志來
05:59
about getting our kids grittier.
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令我們的孩子更加有意志。
06:02
Thank you.
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多謝。
06:03
(Applause)
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(鼓掌)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Angela Lee Duckworth - PsychologistAt the University of Pennsylvania, Angela Lee Duckworth studies intangible concepts such as self-control and grit to determine how they might predict both academic and professional success.
Why you should listen
In her late 20s, Angela Lee Duckworth left a demanding job as a management consultant at McKinsey to teach math in public schools in San Francisco, Philadelphia and New York.
After five years of teaching seventh graders, she went back to grad school to complete her Ph.D. in psychology at the University of Pennsylvania, where she is now an assistant professor in the psychology department. Her research subjects include students, West Point cadets, and corporate salespeople, all of whom she studies to determine how "grit" is a better indicator of success than factors such as IQ or family income.
Angela Lee Duckworth | Speaker | TED.com