TED Talks Education
Angela Lee Duckworth: Grit: The power of passion and perseverance
Anjela Li Dakvort: Matonat: ishtiyoq va tirishqoqlikning kuchi
Filmed:
Readability: 4
19,500,078 views
Anjela Li Dakvort konsalting sohasidagi kelajagi bor karyerasini tashlab, Nyu Yorkdagi davlat maktabida 7-sinf o‘quvchilariga matematikadan dars bera boshlaydi. Tez orada u o‘zining o‘qishlari a'lo ketayotgan o‘quvchilari va qiynalayotgan bolalar o‘rtasidagi farq faqatgina IQda emasligini anglab yetadi. Bu yerda u o‘zining "Matonat muvaffaqiyatni bashoratlovchi omil" degan nazariyasini tushuntiradi.
Angela Lee Duckworth - Psychologist
At the University of Pennsylvania, Angela Lee Duckworth studies intangible concepts such as self-control and grit to determine how they might predict both academic and professional success. Full bio
At the University of Pennsylvania, Angela Lee Duckworth studies intangible concepts such as self-control and grit to determine how they might predict both academic and professional success. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
When I was 27 years old,
0
679
2275
27 yoshligimda, menejment konsaltingi
00:14
I left a very demanding job in management consulting
1
2954
3081
sohasidagi talabgir ishimni tashlab,
undan-da
undan-da
00:18
for a job that was even more demanding: teaching.
2
6035
4739
talabgir bo‘lgan boshqa ishga o‘tdim:
o‘qituvchilikka. Men Nyu-Yorkga davlat
o‘qituvchilikka. Men Nyu-Yorkga davlat
00:22
I went to teach seventh graders math
3
10774
3028
maktablarida 7-sinf o'quvchilariga
matematikadan dars
matematikadan dars
00:25
in the New York City public schools.
4
13802
2146
berish uchun bordim.
00:27
And like any teacher, I made quizzes and tests.
5
15948
3159
Va har bir o‘qituvchi kabi, nazorat
ishlari va testlar oldim.
ishlari va testlar oldim.
00:31
I gave out homework assignments.
6
19107
1639
Uyga vazifalar berdim.
00:32
When the work came back, I calculated grades.
7
20746
3529
Uy ishlari qaytib kelganda baholarni
hisoblab chiqardim.
hisoblab chiqardim.
00:36
What struck me was that I.Q. was not the only difference
8
24275
5059
Meni shu hayron qoldirdiki, mening eng
yaxshi va eng yomon
yaxshi va eng yomon
00:41
between my best and my worst students.
9
29334
3481
o‘quvchilarim o‘rtasidagi yagona farq
IQda emas edi.
IQda emas edi.
00:44
Some of my strongest performers
10
32815
2458
Eng kuchli o‘quvchilarning
ba'zilarida IQ darajasi u darajada
ba'zilarida IQ darajasi u darajada
00:47
did not have stratospheric I.Q. scores.
11
35273
2599
yuqori emas edi.
00:49
Some of my smartest kids weren't doing so well.
12
37872
4276
Eng aqlli o'quvchilarimning ba'zilari esa
uncha yaxshi o‘qimayotgandi.
uncha yaxshi o‘qimayotgandi.
00:54
And that got me thinking.
13
42148
2072
Ana shu meni o‘yga toldirdi.
00:56
The kinds of things you need to learn in seventh grade math,
14
44220
3048
7-sinf matematikasida o‘rganilishi kerak
bo‘lgan mavzular,
bo‘lgan mavzular,
00:59
sure, they're hard: ratios, decimals,
15
47268
3235
albatta, qiyin edi: nisbatlar, o‘nlik
sanoq, parallelogrammning yuzi.
sanoq, parallelogrammning yuzi.
01:02
the area of a parallelogram.
16
50503
1959
01:04
But these concepts are not impossible,
17
52462
3005
Lekin ularni tushunish imkonsiz emas edi
va men o‘quvchilarimning har biri
01:07
and I was firmly convinced that every one of my students
18
55467
3681
yetarlicha qattiq va uzoq vaqt o‘z
ustida ishlasa, o‘quv dasturini o‘zlashtira
ustida ishlasa, o‘quv dasturini o‘zlashtira
01:11
could learn the material
19
59148
2800
01:13
if they worked hard and long enough.
20
61948
2894
olishiga ishonchim komil edi.
01:16
After several more years of teaching,
21
64842
2194
Yana bir necha yil muallimlik
qilganimdan keyin,
qilganimdan keyin,
01:19
I came to the conclusion that what we need in education
22
67036
3794
men ta'limda biz o‘quvchilarni va
o‘rganish jarayonini
o‘rganish jarayonini
01:22
is a much better understanding of students and learning
23
70830
3496
motivatsion va psixologik
nuqtai nazardan
nuqtai nazardan
01:26
from a motivational perspective,
24
74326
2494
ancha ko‘proq anglashimiz zarur
01:28
from a psychological perspective.
25
76820
2745
degan xulosaga keldim.
01:31
In education, the one thing we know how to measure best
26
79565
4626
Ta'limda biz o‘lchashni eng yaxshi
eplaydiganimiz IQdir.
eplaydiganimiz IQdir.
01:36
is I.Q., but what if doing well in school and in life
27
84191
5857
Lekin maktabda va hayotda
muvaffaqiyatga erishish
muvaffaqiyatga erishish
01:42
depends on much more
28
90048
2125
tez va oson o‘rganib olish qobiliyatidan
ancha ko‘prog‘iga bog‘liq bo‘lsachi?
01:44
than your ability to learn quickly and easily?
29
92173
4042
01:48
So I left the classroom,
30
96215
1793
Shunday qilib men sinfxonani tark etdim
01:50
and I went to graduate school to become a psychologist.
31
98008
3636
va psixolog bo‘lish uchun
magistraturaga kirdim.
magistraturaga kirdim.
01:53
I started studying kids and adults
32
101644
2152
Men bolalar va kattalarni barcha turdagi
01:55
in all kinds of super challenging settings,
33
103796
3112
o'ta sinovli sharoitlarda o‘rgana
boshladim,
boshladim,
01:58
and in every study my question was,
34
106908
2144
va har bir izlanishda mening oldimda
"Bu yerda kim
"Bu yerda kim
02:01
who is successful here and why?
35
109052
3088
zafar quchmoqda va nega?" degan savol
turardi.
turardi.
02:04
My research team and I went to West Point Military Academy.
36
112140
4214
Men tadqiqot jamoam bilan West Point
harbiy bilim yurtiga bordik.
harbiy bilim yurtiga bordik.
02:08
We tried to predict which cadets
37
116354
1704
Biz kadetlardan qay
biri harbiy ta'limda
02:10
would stay in military training and which would drop out.
38
118058
4056
qolishi va qaysilari uni tashlab
ketishini bashorat qilishga urindik
ketishini bashorat qilishga urindik
02:14
We went to the National Spelling Bee
39
122114
2346
Biz AQShdagi Milly Imlo Tanloviga
bordik va
bordik va
02:16
and tried to predict which children would advance
40
124460
2848
bolalardan qaysilari musobaqada uzoqroqqa
borishini taxmin qilishga urundik.
borishini taxmin qilishga urundik.
02:19
farthest in competition.
41
127308
2384
02:21
We studied rookie teachers
42
129692
1806
Biz ishlash juda og‘ir bo‘lgan tumanlarga
dars berish uchun
dars berish uchun
02:23
working in really tough neighborhoods, asking
43
131498
3110
yangi kelgan muallimlardan qaysilari
shu yerda o‘qituvchiligini
shu yerda o‘qituvchiligini
02:26
which teachers are still going to be here in teaching
44
134608
2780
02:29
by the end of the school year,
45
137388
1812
o‘quv yili oxirigacha davom ettirarkan va
02:31
and of those, who will be the most effective
46
139200
2947
ulardan qaysilari o‘z o‘quvchilarining
o‘zlashtirish
o‘zlashtirish
02:34
at improving learning outcomes for their students?
47
142147
3345
natijalarini yaxshilay olarkan deb
izlandik.
izlandik.
02:37
We partnered with private companies, asking,
48
145492
2200
Xususiy kompaniyalar
sotuvchilaridan
sotuvchilaridan
02:39
which of these salespeople is going to keep their jobs?
49
147692
2732
qaysilari o‘z ishlarini saqlab qolishi
va kim eng ko‘p
va kim eng ko‘p
02:42
And who's going to earn the most money?
50
150424
2212
pul topishini so‘rab, hamkorlik qildik.
02:44
In all those very different contexts,
51
152636
2557
Mana shu barcha turfa shart-sharoitlarda
02:47
one characteristic emerged
52
155193
2413
bir xususiyat muvaffaqiyat
bashoratlovchisi sifatida ajralib chiqdi.
bashoratlovchisi sifatida ajralib chiqdi.
02:49
as a significant predictor of success.
53
157606
2669
02:52
And it wasn't social intelligence.
54
160275
2268
Bu ijtimoiy aql-idrok emas,
02:54
It wasn't good looks, physical health, and it wasn't I.Q.
55
162543
4963
yaxshi tashqi ko‘rinish, jismoniy
tetiklik emas,
tetiklik emas,
va IQ ham emas edi.
02:59
It was grit.
56
167506
2393
Bu matonat edi.
03:01
Grit is passion and perseverance for very long-term goals.
57
169899
4856
Matonat - bu juda uzoq muddatli maqsadlar
uchun ishtiyoq va tirishqoqlikka
uchun ishtiyoq va tirishqoqlikka
ega bo‘lishdir.
03:06
Grit is having stamina.
58
174755
2256
Matonat bu qat'iyatli bo‘lish demak.
03:09
Grit is sticking with your future, day in, day out,
59
177011
4284
Matonat - kelajakdagi maqsadlarga sodiq
bo‘lish demakdir, kundan kunga,
bo‘lish demakdir, kundan kunga,
shunchaki bir hafta emas, shunchaki
bir oy emas, balki yillar davomida
bir oy emas, balki yillar davomida
03:13
not just for the week, not just for the month,
60
181295
3369
03:16
but for years, and working really hard
61
184664
3443
va o‘sha kelajakni ro‘yobga chiqarish
03:20
to make that future a reality.
62
188107
2774
uchun jon-jahdi bilan ishlash matonatdir.
03:22
Grit is living life like it's a marathon, not a sprint.
63
190881
4964
Matonat hayotni sprintdagidek emas,
marafondagidek yashab o‘tishdir.
marafondagidek yashab o‘tishdir.
Bir necha yillar oldin, men Chikagodagi
davlat maktablarida matonatni
davlat maktablarida matonatni
03:27
A few years ago, I started studying grit
64
195845
2759
03:30
in the Chicago public schools.
65
198604
2365
tadqiq qila boshladim.
Men minglab bitiruvchi sinfidagilardan
03:32
I asked thousands of high school juniors
66
200969
2484
matonat so‘rovnomalarini to‘ldirishni
so‘radim va
so‘radim va
03:35
to take grit questionnaires,
67
203453
1852
03:37
and then waited around more than a year
68
205305
1860
kim bitirishini ko‘rish uchun bir
03:39
to see who would graduate.
69
207165
2173
yildan oshiqroq vaqt poyladim.
Ma'lum bo‘ldiki, matonatliroq
bolalarning maktabni
bolalarning maktabni
03:41
Turns out that grittier kids
70
209338
2426
03:43
were significantly more likely to graduate,
71
211764
2886
bitirish ehtimoli sezilarli darajada
yuqori ekan.
yuqori ekan.
03:46
even when I matched them on every characteristic I could measure,
72
214650
3903
Hattoki men hisoblashim mumkin bo‘lgan
har bir
har bir
xususiyatlar, masalan, oilasining
daromadi, standartlashtirilgan
daromadi, standartlashtirilgan
03:50
things like family income,
73
218553
2300
o‘zlashtirish imtihon baholari, hatto
bolalar
bolalar
03:52
standardized achievement test scores,
74
220853
2708
maktabligida qanchalik o‘zini xavfsiz
his qilishini solishtirib ko‘rganimda ham.
his qilishini solishtirib ko‘rganimda ham.
03:55
even how safe kids felt when they were at school.
75
223561
3708
03:59
So it's not just at West Point or the National Spelling Bee
76
227269
2772
Demak, matonat faqatgina
harbiy bilim yurti yoki Milliy
harbiy bilim yurti yoki Milliy
04:02
that grit matters. It's also in school,
77
230041
3400
Imlo Tanlovidagina katta ahamiyatga ega emas.
U maktablarda ham muhim,
ayniqsa o‘qishni tashlash xavfi bor
bolalar uchun.
bolalar uchun.
04:05
especially for kids at risk for dropping out.
78
233441
3616
Matonatni tadqiq qilib, uni shakllantirish
haqida
haqida
04:09
To me, the most shocking thing about grit
79
237057
2841
biz qanchalik oz bilishimiz, ilm-fanga
qanchalik oz ma'lumligi
qanchalik oz ma'lumligi
04:11
is how little we know,
80
239898
2183
04:14
how little science knows, about building it.
81
242081
2833
meni eng hayratga solgan narsa bo‘ldi.
Har kuni mendan
Har kuni mendan
04:16
Every day, parents and teachers ask me,
82
244914
2364
ota-onalar va
o‘qituvchilar
so‘rashadi: "Bolalarda qanday qilib
matonatni shakllantiraman?
matonatni shakllantiraman?
04:19
"How do I build grit in kids?
83
247278
1987
04:21
What do I do to teach kids a solid work ethic?
84
249265
3488
Ularga mustahkam ish o'rgatish uchun
nima qilishim kerak?
nima qilishim kerak?
04:24
How do I keep them motivated for the long run?"
85
252753
2904
Ularning motivatsiyasini uzoq vaqtga
qanday ushlab tursa bo‘ladi?"
qanday ushlab tursa bo‘ladi?"
04:27
The honest answer is, I don't know. (Laughter)
86
255657
4554
Ochiqchasiga javob bersam,
Men bilmayman.
(Kulgi)
Biladiganim shuki, iqtidor sizni matonatli
qilib qo‘ymaydi.
qilib qo‘ymaydi.
04:32
What I do know is that talent doesn't make you gritty.
87
260211
3206
Bizdagi ma'lumotlar aniq-ravshan
qilib shuni
qilib shuni
04:35
Our data show very clearly
88
263417
2329
ko‘rsatadiki, o‘z majburiyatlarini ado
04:37
that there are many talented individuals
89
265746
2199
etishda sobitqadam bo‘lmagan ko‘p
iqtidor egalari bor.
iqtidor egalari bor.
04:39
who simply do not follow through on their commitments.
90
267945
3784
Aslida, bizdagi ma'lumotlarda matonat
iqtidor
iqtidor
04:43
In fact, in our data, grit is usually unrelated
91
271729
3997
o‘lchovlariga odatda bog‘liq emas,
yoki hatto ziddir.
yoki hatto ziddir.
04:47
or even inversely related to measures of talent.
92
275726
4381
Shu paytgacha bolalarda matonatni
shakllantirish bo‘yicha eshitganlarimning
shakllantirish bo‘yicha eshitganlarimning
04:52
So far, the best idea I've heard about building grit in kids
93
280107
4218
04:56
is something called "growth mindset."
94
284325
2991
eng zo‘ri "growth mindset", ya'ni
o‘sishga moyil qarashdir.
o‘sishga moyil qarashdir.
04:59
This is an idea developed at Stanford University
95
287316
2493
Bu Stenford Universitetida Karol Dvek
tomonidan yaratilgan g‘oya bo‘lib,
tomonidan yaratilgan g‘oya bo‘lib,
05:01
by Carol Dweck, and it is the belief
96
289809
3174
o‘rganish qobiliyati turg‘un emas, uni o‘z
05:04
that the ability to learn is not fixed,
97
292983
3282
sa'y-harakatlaringiz bilan o‘zgar-
tirishingiz mumkinligiga ishonishdir.
tirishingiz mumkinligiga ishonishdir.
05:08
that it can change with your effort.
98
296265
2838
05:11
Dr. Dweck has shown that when kids read and learn
99
299103
3214
Doktor Dvek shuni ko‘rsatdiki,
bolalar miya va uning qiyinchiliklarga
javoban o‘zgarishi va rivojlanishi
javoban o‘zgarishi va rivojlanishi
05:14
about the brain and how it changes and grows
100
302317
3390
05:17
in response to challenge,
101
305707
1733
haqida o‘qib, o‘rganar ekanlar,
muvaffaqiyatsizlikka
muvaffaqiyatsizlikka
05:19
they're much more likely to persevere when they fail,
102
307440
3837
uchraganlarida shunchalik tirishadilarki,
05:23
because they don't believe that failure
103
311277
3115
chunki ular muvaffaqiyatsizlikni
doimiy holat emasligiga ishonadilar.
doimiy holat emasligiga ishonadilar.
05:26
is a permanent condition.
104
314392
2364
Shunday qilib "o‘sishga moyil qarash"
matonatni shakllantirish uchun ajoyib g‘oya.
matonatni shakllantirish uchun ajoyib g‘oya.
05:28
So growth mindset is a great idea for building grit.
105
316756
3968
Lekin bizga bundan ko‘prog‘i kerak.
05:32
But we need more.
106
320724
1881
05:34
And that's where I'm going to end my remarks,
107
322605
1837
Shu yerda esa men o‘z xulosalarimni tugataman,
05:36
because that's where we are.
108
324442
1470
sababi biz xali shu joyidamiz.
05:37
That's the work that stands before us.
109
325912
2435
Oldimizda shunday ish turibdi-da.
05:40
We need to take our best ideas, our strongest intuitions,
110
328347
4061
Biz o‘zimizning eng yaxshi g‘oyalarimiz
va eng kuchli
va eng kuchli
intuitsiyalarimizni sinashimiz zarur.
05:44
and we need to test them.
111
332408
1896
05:46
We need to measure whether we've been successful,
112
334304
2719
Ishimiz omadli chiqqani yo
chiqmaganini aniqlashimiz,
chiqmaganini aniqlashimiz,
05:49
and we have to be willing to fail, to be wrong,
113
337023
3750
muvaffaqiyatsizlikka uchrash, xato
qilishga va yana
qilishga va yana
qaytadan boshlashga tayyor
bo‘lishimiz lozim.
bo‘lishimiz lozim.
05:52
to start over again with lessons learned.
114
340773
3211
05:55
In other words, we need to be gritty
115
343984
3180
Boshqacha qilib aytganda, biz
bolalarimizni matonatliroq
bolalarimizni matonatliroq
05:59
about getting our kids grittier.
116
347164
2984
qilish uchun matonatliroq bo‘lishimiz
kerak.
kerak.
06:02
Thank you.
117
350148
1028
Rahmat.
06:03
(Applause)
118
351176
4646
(Qarsaklar)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Angela Lee Duckworth - PsychologistAt the University of Pennsylvania, Angela Lee Duckworth studies intangible concepts such as self-control and grit to determine how they might predict both academic and professional success.
Why you should listen
In her late 20s, Angela Lee Duckworth left a demanding job as a management consultant at McKinsey to teach math in public schools in San Francisco, Philadelphia and New York.
After five years of teaching seventh graders, she went back to grad school to complete her Ph.D. in psychology at the University of Pennsylvania, where she is now an assistant professor in the psychology department. Her research subjects include students, West Point cadets, and corporate salespeople, all of whom she studies to determine how "grit" is a better indicator of success than factors such as IQ or family income.
Angela Lee Duckworth | Speaker | TED.com