Prosanta Chakrabarty: Four billion years of evolution in six minutes
پروسانتا چاکرابارتی: چهار میلیارد سال تکامل در ۶ دقیقه
Prosanta Chakrabarty studies fish to help explain the evolution of human beings and our planet. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
why are there still monkeys?
چرا هنوز هم میمونها وجود دارند؟
and not a monkey
و نه یک میمون
to understanding where we came from.
evolutionary biology classes in the US,
زیستشناسی تکاملی در آمریکا تدریس میکنم
why I call them fish all the time,
که چرا همیشه آنها را ماهی مینامم،
by dispelling some hardwired myths,
افسانه زنجیروار را اثبات کنم،
many of us were taught evolution wrong.
نظریه تکامل تدریجی را اشتباه آموختهایم.
to say "the theory of evolution."
بگوییم "نظریه تکامل تدریجی".
and just like the process itself,
و درست همانند خود فرآیند تکامل،
are the ones that survive to this day.
که بهترین اطلاعات را دادهاند.
is Darwinian natural selection.
نظریه انتخاب طبیعی داروین است.
that best fit an environment
که بهتر با محیط سازگار شود
slowly die off.
کم کم ازبین میروند.
and it's a fact.
و یک حقیقت است.
as much as the "theory of gravity."
حقیقت دارد.
with other placental mammals,
with other vertebrates,
که با دیگر مهرهداران مشترک است،
with all other life on earth.
مشترک است.
در انسانها ظاهر نشدهاند.
from different ancestors
how we learn biology early on, is it?
که ما زیست شناسی را فرا میگیریم، هست؟
are primitive things,
موجودات اولیه هستند
خزندگان و پستانداران بوجود بیایند
followed by reptiles and mammals,
at the end of the line.
portrayed something like this,
به این صورت به تصویر کشیدهایم،
to becoming us.
که درنهایت تبدیل به ما شوند.
any more than we would become them.
نه ما به آنها تبدیل میشویم.
evolution the right way?
به طور صحیح فرابگیریم؟
has led to many problems,
مشکلات زیادی به دنبال داشته است
این سوال قدیمی را بپرسید که
evolution the right way.
از نظریه تکامل داشته باشید.
to many convoluted and corrupted views
باعث پیدایش دیدگاههای پیچیده و معیوبی
other life on earth,
we all came from.
که ما از آن نشأت گرفتهایم.
to other single-celled life,
بوجود آورده است
درحال تکامل هستند
the Archaea and Bacteria
به زندگی ادامه میدهند.
to be here well after us.
multicellularity evolved.
چند سلولیها تکثیر شدند
and your plants and your animals.
a backbone were fishes.
all vertebrates are fishes,
the mammals and reptiles.
some mammals become primates,
بعضی پستانداران به نخستیها تبدیل شدند،
میمونهای دارای دم میشوند
including a variety of human species.
که شامل گونهای از انسان هم میشود.
a common ancestor with them.
around us kept evolving:
درحال تکامل بوده است:
lots of fish, fish, fish.
تعداد بسیار زیادی ماهی، ماهی ، ماهی.
yes, they're my favorite group.
بله آنها گروه محبوب من هستند.
به همان اندازه از بین میرود.
for a few million years.
دوام آوردند.
که امروز اطراف خود میبینیم
that we see around us today
it's self-centered to think,
که بگوییم:
for an evolutionary minute,
an unfinished book for sure.
دقیقاً یک کتاب ناتمام.
few pages of each chapter.
on the eight million species
four billion years of evolution.
on this ancient and gigantic tree of life,
روی این درخت کهن و عظیم زندگی هستیم،
not just to each other,
نه تنها به یکدیگر
and our evolutionary ancestors.
و اجداد تکامل یافته خود وصل شدهایم.
trying to learn, with others,
هنوز درحال فراگرفتن این هستم
who is related to whom.
چه کسی به چه کسی مرتبط میشود.
as a little fish out of water.
راه بروند و صحبت کنند،
a lot of learning to do
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Prosanta Chakrabarty - IchthyologistProsanta Chakrabarty studies fish to help explain the evolution of human beings and our planet.
Why you should listen
Dr. Prosanta Chakrabarty is an Associate Professor and Curator of Fishes at the Museum of Natural Science and Department of Biological Science at Louisiana State University.
Chakrabarty is a systematist and an ichthyologist studying the evolution and biogeography of both freshwater and marine fishes. His work includes studies of Neotropical (Central and South America, Caribbean) and Indo-West Pacific (Indian and Western Pacific Ocean) fishes. His natural history collecting efforts include trips to Japan, Australia, Taiwan, Madagascar, Panama, Kuwait and many other countries. He has discovered over a dozen new species including new anglerfishes and cavefishes.
The LSU Museum of Natural Science fish collection that Chakrabarty oversees includes nearly half a million fish specimens and nearly 10,000 DNA samples covering most major groups of fishes. He earned his PhD at the University of Michigan and his undergraduate degree is from McGill University in Montreal. He has written two books including A Guide to Academia: Getting into and Surviving Grad School, Postdocs and a Research Job. He is also a former Program Director at the National Science Foundation. He was named a TED Fellow in 2016 and a TED Senior Fellow in 2018.
Prosanta Chakrabarty | Speaker | TED.com