TED2014
Sara Lewis: The loves and lies of fireflies
Sara Lewis: Ljubavi i laži krijesnica
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Biloginja Sara Lewis je provela posljednjih 20 godina proučavajući čaroliju i čudo krijesnica. U ovom šarmantnom govoru, govori nam o tome kako i zašto bube produciraju svoje tihe iskre, što se događa kada dvije krijesnice vode ljubav i zašto je jedna grupa krijesnica poznata pod nazivom "krijesnica-vampir" (to nije lijepo). Saznajte više zapanjujućih činjenica o krijesnicama u Sarinim fusnotama u nastavku.
Sara Lewis - Firefly specialist
Evolutionary ecologist Sara Lewis digs deep into firefly mating rituals to uncover a world of secret languages and strange gifts in these silent sparks. Full bio
Evolutionary ecologist Sara Lewis digs deep into firefly mating rituals to uncover a world of secret languages and strange gifts in these silent sparks. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
As a scientist, and also as a human being,
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Kao znanstvenica, ali i kao ljudsko biće
00:16
I've been trying to make myself
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pokušavam se podložiti
00:18
susceptible to wonder.
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divljenju.
00:21
I think Jason Webley last night called it
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Mislim da je Jason Webley to sinoć nazvao
00:24
"conspiring to be part of the magic."
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"zavjerom bivanja dijelom čarolije".
00:28
So it's fortunate that my career as a biologist
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Stoga, sva sreća da mi karijera biologa
00:31
lets me dive deeply into the lives
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dozvoljava dublje uronjavanje u živote
00:33
of some truly wondrous creatures
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nekih zbilja divnih stvorenja
00:36
that share our planet:
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na našoj planeti:
00:38
fireflies.
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krijesnica.
00:40
Now, for many of you, I know that fireflies
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Sada, znam da za mnoge od vas krijesnice
00:42
might conjure up some really great memories:
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mogu pobuditi neka zbilja lijepa sjećanja:
00:45
childhood, summertime,
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djetinjstvo, ljeto,
00:48
even other TED Talks.
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čak i druge TED govore.
00:50
Maybe something like this.
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Možda nešto ovakvo.
00:57
My seduction into the world of fireflies
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Moje zavođenje u svijet krijesnica
00:59
began when I was back in graduate school.
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započelo je kada sam bila u srednjoj školi.
01:03
One evening, I was sitting out in my backyard
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Jedne večeri, sjedila sam u dvorištu
01:06
in North Carolina,
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u Sjevernoj Karolini
01:08
and suddenly, these silent sparks
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i, odjednom, ove tihe iskre
01:13
rose up all around me,
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uzdigle su se oko mene
01:15
and I began to wonder:
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i počela sam se zapitkivati:
01:16
How do these creatures make light,
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Kako ova stvorenja stvaraju svjetlost
01:19
and what's with all this flashing?
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i što ovo svo treperenje predstavlja?
01:21
Are they talking to one another?
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Razgovaraju li međusobno?
01:23
And what happens after the lights go out?
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I što se događa nakon što se svjetla ugase?
01:26
I've been lucky enough to answer
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Imala sam sreće da pronađem odgovore
01:27
some of these questions
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na neka od ovih pitanja
01:29
as I've explored this nocturnal world.
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dok sam otkrivala taj noćni svijet.
01:33
Now if you've ever seen
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Sada, ako ste ikad vidjeli
01:35
or even heard about fireflies,
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ili ikad čuli za krijesnice,
01:37
then you'll know how magically they can transform
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onda znate kako magično mogu preobraziti
01:40
our everyday landscape into something
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naš svakodnevni krajolik u nešto
01:42
ethereal and otherworldly,
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eterično i nadzemaljsko.
01:44
and this happens around the globe,
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I ovo se događa diljem zemlje,
01:46
like this hillside in the Smoky Mountains
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poput padina Smoky Mountainsa
01:48
that I saw transformed into a living cascade of light
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koje sam vidjela kako se
preobražavaju u živući slap svjetlosti
preobražavaju u živući slap svjetlosti
01:52
by the eerie glows of these blue ghost fireflies,
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jezivim sjajem ovih
plavih duhova - krijesnica.
plavih duhova - krijesnica.
01:56
or a roadside river that I visited in Japan
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Ili poput rijeke uz cestu
koju sam posjetila u Japanu
koju sam posjetila u Japanu
01:59
as it was giving birth to the slow, floating flashes
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dok je rađala usporene,
plutajuće bljeskalice
plutajuće bljeskalice
02:04
of these Genji fireflies,
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ovih Genji krijesnica.
02:06
or in Malaysia, the mangrove trees
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Ili poput stabala mangrova u Maleziji
02:09
that I watched blossom nightly
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koje sam noću promatrala kako cvatu,
02:11
not with flowers
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ali ne cvijećem,
02:13
but with the lights of a thousand —
(Bleep! Bleep!) — fireflies,
(Bleep! Bleep!) — fireflies,
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već svjetlošću tisuću
- (Bip!Bip!) - krijesnica,
- (Bip!Bip!) - krijesnica,
02:15
all blinking together
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treperući zajedno
02:17
in stunning synchrony.
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zapanjujućom sinkronijom.
02:20
These luminous landscapes
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Ovi me svjetlosni krajolici
02:22
still fill me with wonder,
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i dalje ispunjavaju divljenjem
02:24
and they keep me connected to the magic
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i vežu me uz čaroliju
02:27
of the natural world.
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svijeta prirode.
02:29
And I find it amazing that they're created
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I, za mene je čudesno da su stvorene
02:31
by these tiny insects.
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od ovih malenih insekata.
02:34
In person, fireflies are charming.
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Osobno, krijesnice su šarmantne.
02:37
They're charismatic.
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Karizmatične su.
02:39
They've been celebrated in art
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Slavljene su u umjetnosti
02:41
and in poetry for centuries.
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i poeziji stoljećima.
02:43
As I've traveled around the world,
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Kako sam putovala svijetom,
02:44
I've met many thoughtful people
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upoznala sam puno promišljenih ljudi
02:47
who have told me that God put fireflies on Earth
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koji bi mi rekli da je Bog smjestio
krijesnice na Zemlju
krijesnice na Zemlju
02:49
for humans to enjoy.
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kako bi ljudi uživali.
02:51
Other creatures can enjoy them too.
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I druga stvorenja u njima mogu uživati.
02:54
I think these graceful insects are truly miraculous
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Mislim da su ovi ljupki
insekti uistinu čudesni
insekti uistinu čudesni
02:58
because they so beautifully illuminate
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jer tako predivno isijavaju
03:02
the creative improvisation of evolution.
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kreativnu improvizaciju evolucije.
03:06
They've been shaped by two powerful
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Oblikovani su dvjema snažnima
03:08
evolutionary forces:
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silama evolucije:
03:10
natural selection, the struggle for survival,
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prirodna selekcija, borbom za opstanak
03:13
and sexual selection,
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i spolna selekcija,
03:16
the struggle for reproductive opportunity.
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borbom za priliku reproduciranja.
03:20
As a firefly junkie, the past 20 years
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Kao ovisnica o krijesnicama,
prethodnih 20 godina
prethodnih 20 godina
03:22
have been quite an exciting ride.
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su za mene bile poprilično
uzbudljiva vožnja.
uzbudljiva vožnja.
03:24
Together with my students at Tufts University
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Sa svojim studentima na Sveučilištu Tufts
03:27
and other colleagues,
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i nekim drugim kolegama
03:28
we've made lots of new discoveries about fireflies:
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otkrila sam puno novih
činjenica o krijesnicama:
činjenica o krijesnicama:
03:32
their courtship and sex lives,
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udvaraju se jedne drugima
i imaju spolne odnose,
i imaju spolne odnose,
03:34
their treachery and murder.
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izdaju i ubijaju.
03:37
So today I'd like to share with you
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Stoga bih danas s vama htjela podijeliti
03:38
just a couple of tales that we've brought back
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samo nekoliko pripovijetki koje smo donijeli
03:41
from our collective adventures
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s naših zbirnih avantura
03:43
into this hidden world.
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u ovom skrivenom svijetu.
03:47
Fireflies belong to a very beautiful
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Krijesnice pripadaju predivnoj
03:50
and diverse group of insects, the beetles.
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i raznolikoj grupi insekata
- tvrdokrilcima.
- tvrdokrilcima.
03:54
Worldwide, there are more than 2,000 firefly species,
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Širom svijeta postoji više
od 2 000 vrsta krijesnica
od 2 000 vrsta krijesnica
03:59
and these have evolved remarkably diverse
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koje su se evoluirale značajno raznolike
04:01
courtship signals,
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znakove udvaranja,
04:03
that is, different ways to find and attract mates.
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tj. različite načine
pronalaska i privlačenja partnera.
pronalaska i privlačenja partnera.
04:06
Around 150 million years ago,
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Prije otprilike 150 milijuna godina,
04:08
the very first fireflies probably looked like this.
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prve krijesnice su vjerojatno
izgledale ovako.
izgledale ovako.
04:12
They flew during the daytime
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Letjele su danju
04:13
and they didn't light up.
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i nisu sjale.
04:15
Instead, males used their fantastic antennae
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Umjesto toga, mužjaci su
koristili svoja fantastična ticala
koristili svoja fantastična ticala
04:18
to sniff out perfumes given off by their females.
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kako bi nanjušili mirise svojih ženki.
04:22
In other fireflies, it's only the females who light up.
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Kod nekih drugih krijesnica,
samo ženke svijetle.
samo ženke svijetle.
04:26
They are attractively plump and wingless,
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Privlačno su splasnute i bez krila,
04:30
so every night, they climb up onto perches
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stoga se svake večeri popnu na grane
04:32
and they glow brightly for hours
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i vedro sjaje satima
04:34
to attract their flying but unlit males.
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kako bi privukle svoje leteće,
ali neosvijetljenje mužjake.
ali neosvijetljenje mužjake.
04:39
In still other fireflies, both sexes
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Kod nekih drugih krijesnica, oba spola
04:41
use quick, bright flashes to find their mates.
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koriste brze, vedre bljeskalice
kako bi pronašli svog partnera.
kako bi pronašli svog partnera.
04:45
Here in North America,
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Ovdje, u Sjevernoj Americi,
04:46
we have more than 100 different kinds of firefly
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imamo više od 100 različitih
vrsta krijesnica
vrsta krijesnica
04:49
that have the remarkable ability to shine energy
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koje imaju izvanrednu
sposobnost isijavanja energije
sposobnost isijavanja energije
04:53
out from their bodies
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iz svojeg tijela
04:55
in the form of light.
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u obliku svijetla.
04:57
How do they do that?
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Kako to rade?
05:00
It seems totally magical,
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Čini se potpuno magično,
05:02
but these bioluminescent signals
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ali ovi se bioluminiscentni signali
05:03
arise from carefully orchestrated chemical reactions
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izdižu iz pažljivo orkestriranih
kemijskih reakcija
kemijskih reakcija
05:07
that happen inside the firefly lantern.
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koje se zbivaju u unutrašnjosti
fenjera krijesnice.
fenjera krijesnice.
05:09
The main star is an enzyme called luciferase,
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Glavna zvijezda je
enzim koji se zove luciferaza
enzim koji se zove luciferaza
05:13
which in the course of evolution
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koji je na tečaju evolucije
05:14
has figured out a way to wrap its tiny arms
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dokučio način kako omotati svoje sitne ruke
05:18
around an even smaller molecule called luciferin,
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oko još sitnije molekule zvane luciferin
05:21
in the process getting it so excited
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čineći proces toliko uzbudljivim
05:24
that it actually gives off light.
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da, u krajnosti, stvara svjetlost.
05:27
Incredible.
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Nevjerojatno.
05:29
But how could these bright lights
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Ali kako su ova bistra svjetla mogla
05:31
have benefited some proto-firefly?
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koristiti neku proto - krijesnicu?
05:35
To answer this question, we need to flip back
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Kako bismo odgovorili na
ovo pitanje, trebamo pogledati
ovo pitanje, trebamo pogledati
05:37
in the family album to some baby pictures.
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u obiteljski album kako bismo
vidjeli neke slike beba.
vidjeli neke slike beba.
05:41
Fireflies completely reinvent
their bodies as they grow.
their bodies as they grow.
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Krijesnice potpuno preobražavaju
svoja tijela dok odrastaju.
svoja tijela dok odrastaju.
05:45
They spend the vast majority of their lifetime,
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Provode veliku većinu svog životnog vijeka,
05:47
up to two years,
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i do dvije godine,
05:49
in this larval form.
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u ovoj formi ličinke.
05:52
Their main goal here, like my teenagers,
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Njihov glavni cilj je,
kao i mojim tinejdžerima,
kao i mojim tinejdžerima,
05:54
is to eat and grow.
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hraniti se i rasti.
05:57
And firefly light first originated
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Svjetlo krijesnice nastalo je
06:00
in these juveniles.
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u mladosti.
06:02
Every single firefly larva can light up,
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Svaka ličinka krijesnice može sjati,
06:04
even when their adults can't.
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čak i kad to odrasli ne mogu.
06:07
But what's the point
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Ali koja je poanta
06:08
to being so conspicuous?
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biti tako primjetan?
06:12
Well, we know that these juveniles
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Pa, znamo da ovi maloljetnici
06:14
make nasty-tasting chemicals
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proizvode neukusne kemikalije
06:16
that help them survive their extended childhood,
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koje im pomažu da
prežive svoje dugo djetinjstvo,
prežive svoje dugo djetinjstvo,
06:19
so we think these lights first evolved as a warning,
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stoga mislimo da su se ova svjetla
prvenstveno razvila kao upozorenje,
prvenstveno razvila kao upozorenje,
06:23
a neon sign that says, "Toxic! Stay away!"
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neonski znak koji govori:
"Otrovno! Ne prilazi!"
"Otrovno! Ne prilazi!"
06:28
to any would-be predators.
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svakom potencijalnom predatoru.
06:31
It took many millions of years
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Bilo je potrebno nekoliko milijuna godina
06:33
before these bright lights
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da se ova vedra svjetla
06:35
evolved into a smart communication tool
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razviju u pametni komunikacijski alat
06:37
that could be used not just to
ward off potential predators
ward off potential predators
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koji se može koristiti ne samo
za odbijanje potencijalnih predatora,
za odbijanje potencijalnih predatora,
06:40
but to bring in potential mates.
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nego i za privlačenje
potencijalnih partnera.
potencijalnih partnera.
06:43
Driven now by sexual selection,
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Izbačene spolnom selekcijom,
06:46
some adult fireflies
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neke krijesnice sada,
06:48
like this proud male
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poput ovog ponosnog mužjka,
06:50
evolved a shiny new glow-in-the-dark lantern
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razvijaju sjajni, novi fenjer
koji svijetli u mraku
koji svijetli u mraku
06:54
that would let them take courtship
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i koji im omogućuje da svoje udvaranje
06:56
to a whole new level.
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dovedu na potpuno novu razinu.
07:00
These adults only live a few weeks,
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Ove odrasle krijesnice žive
samo nekoliko tjedana
samo nekoliko tjedana
07:02
and now they're single-mindedly focused on sex,
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i tada su mislima fokusirane samo na seks,
07:07
that is, on propelling their genes
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tj. na pokretanje svojih gena
07:09
into the next firefly generation.
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u novu generaciju krijesnica.
07:12
So we can follow this male out into the field
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Sada možemo pratiti ovog mužjaka u polje
07:15
as he joins hundreds of other males
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u kojem se pridružuje
stotinama drugih mužjaka
stotinama drugih mužjaka
07:18
who are all showing off their new courtship signals.
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koji također pokazuju
svoje znakove udvaranja.
svoje znakove udvaranja.
07:23
It's amazing to think that the luminous displays
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Nevjerojatna je pomisao da
su ti svjetlosni zasloni,
su ti svjetlosni zasloni,
07:26
we admire
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kojima se mi ovdje,
07:27
here and in fact everywhere around the world
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ali i diljem svijeta divimo,
07:30
are actually the silent love songs
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zapravo tihe ljubavne pjesme
07:34
of male fireflies.
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mužjaka krijesnica.
07:37
They're flying and flashing their hearts out.
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Oni lete i isijavaju svoja srca.
07:41
I still find it very romantic.
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Meni je to jako romantično.
07:45
But meanwhile, where are all the females?
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Međutim, u međuvremenu, što je sa ženkama?
07:48
Well, they're lounging down below
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Pa, one ljenčare tamo dolje
07:50
surveying their options.
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važući svoje opcije.
07:51
They have plenty of males to choose from,
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Biraju između gomile mužjaka,
07:53
and these females turn out to be very picky.
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stoga su vrlo izbirljive.
07:57
When a female sees a flash
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Kada ženka vidi svjetlo
08:00
from an especially attractive male,
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posebno privlačnog mužjaka,
08:02
she'll aim her lantern in his direction,
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ona će svoj fenjer usmjeriti
u njegovom pravcu
u njegovom pravcu
08:05
and give him a flash back.
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i dati mu "povratni bljesak".
08:08
It's her "come hither" sign.
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To je njezin "Dođi ovamo!" znak.
08:11
So he flies closer and he flashes again.
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Stoga on dolijeće bliže
i zasvijetli joj ponovno.
i zasvijetli joj ponovno.
08:15
If she still likes him,
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Ako joj se i dalje sviđa,
08:16
they'll strike up a conversation.
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brzo će započeti konverzaciju.
08:19
These creatures speak their love
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Ova stvorenja pričaju svoju ljubav
08:22
in the language of light.
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jezikom svjetlosti.
08:25
So what exactly do these females consider sexy?
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No, što zapravo ove
ženke smatraju privlačnim?
ženke smatraju privlačnim?
08:30
We decided to conduct some firefly opinion polls
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Odlučili smo provesti neke
ankete o mišljenjima krijesnica
ankete o mišljenjima krijesnica
08:32
to find out.
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kako bismo to saznali.
08:34
When we tested females using blinking LED lights,
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Kada smo ispitivali ženke
koristeći trepćuća LED svjetla,
koristeći trepćuća LED svjetla,
08:37
we discovered they prefer males
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otkrili smo kako preferiraju mužjake
08:40
who give longer-lasting flashes.
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koji daju dugotrajne bljeskalice.
08:44
(Laughter) (Applause)
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(Smijeh) (Pljesak)
08:47
I know you're wondering,
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Znam da se pitate
08:49
what gives these males their sex appeal?
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što ovim mužjacima daje njihov seksipil.
08:52
Now we get to see what happens
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Sada ćemo vidjeti što se događa
08:53
when the lights go out.
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kada svjetlo nestane.
08:56
The first thing we discovered
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Prva stvar koju otkrivamo je
08:57
is that once a male and female hook up like this,
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da kada se mužjak i ženska ovako spoje,
09:00
they stay together all night long,
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ostaju zajedno čitavu noć,
09:03
and when we looked inside
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a kada smo zavirili unutra
09:04
to see what might be happening,
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da vidimo što bi se moglo događati,
09:05
we discovered a surprising new twist
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otkrili smo iznenađujuć obrat
09:08
to firefly sex.
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u seksu krijesnica.
09:10
While they're mating,
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Dok se pare,
09:11
the male is busy giving the female
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mužjak je zauzet dajući ženki
09:13
not just his sperm
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ne samo svoju spermu,
09:15
but also a nutrient-filled package
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već i hranjivi paket
09:19
called a nuptial gift.
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zvan "svadbeni dar".
09:23
We can zoom in to look more closely
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Možemo zumirati kako
bismo pogledali izbliza
bismo pogledali izbliza
09:25
inside this mating pair.
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ovo parenje.
09:27
We can actually see the gift —
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Zapravo možemo vidjeti dar -
09:28
it's shown here in red —
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prikazan je ovdje crvenom bojom -
09:30
as it's being passed from the male to the female.
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kako se proslijeđuje od mužjaka ženki.
09:34
What makes this gift so valuable
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Ono što ovaj dar čini toliko vrijednim
09:37
is that it's packed with protein
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jest to da je prepun proteina
09:39
that the female will use to provision her eggs.
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koje će ženka koristiti
kako bi opskrbljivala svoja jajašca.
kako bi opskrbljivala svoja jajašca.
09:43
So females are keeping their eyes on this prize
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Dakle, ženke drže svoj pogled na nagradi
09:47
as they size up potential mates.
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dok odmjeravaju svoje potencijalne partnere.
09:49
We discovered that females use male flash signals
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Otkrili smo da ženke koriste
male svjetlosne signale
male svjetlosne signale
09:52
to try to predict which males
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kako bi predvidjele koji mužjak
09:54
have the biggest gifts to offer,
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ima najveći dar za ponuditi
09:56
because this bling helps the female lay more eggs
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jer će on pomoći ženki
da izliježe više jaja
da izliježe više jaja
10:01
and ultimately launch more of her own offspring
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i, u konačnici, lansira
više svojih potomaka
više svojih potomaka
10:04
into the next generation.
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u sljedeću generaciju.
10:09
So it's not all sweetness and light.
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Dakle, nije sve slatkoća i svjetlost.
10:11
Firefly romance is risky.
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Romantika krijesnica je riskantna.
10:14
For the most part, these adult fireflies
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Najvećim dijelom, ove odrasle krijesnice
10:16
don't get eaten because like their juveniles
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ne budu pojedene jer, kao njihova mladunčad,
10:19
they can manufacture toxins that are repellent
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mogu proizvesti toksine koji su odbojni
10:22
to birds and other insectivores,
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pticama i ostalim insektivorima,
10:25
but somewhere along the line,
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ali negdje na tom putu,
10:28
one particular group of fireflies
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jedna posebna grupa krijesnica
10:30
somehow lost the metabolic machinery
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je nekako izgubila metabolički stroj
10:33
needed to make their own protective toxins.
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potreban za proizvodnju
toksina kojima bi se obranila.
toksina kojima bi se obranila.
10:37
This evolutionary flaw,
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Ova rupa u evoluciji,
10:39
which was discovered by my colleague Tom Eisner,
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koju je otkrio moj kolega Tom Eisner,
10:42
has driven these fireflies
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navela je ove krijesnice
10:44
to take their bright lights out into the night
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na to da iznesu svoja svjetla u noć
10:47
with treacherous intent.
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sa podmuklom namjerom.
10:51
Dubbed "femme fatales"
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Takozvani "femme fatale"
10:53
by Jim Lloyd, another colleague,
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Jim Lloyda, drugog kolege,
10:55
these females have figured out how to target
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ove ženke su dokučile kako naciljati
10:58
the males of other firefly species.
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mužjake drugih vrsta krijesnica.
11:02
So the hunt begins with the predator —
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Stoga, lov započinje s predatorom -
11:04
she's shown here in the lower left —
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ona je prikazana ovdje dolje lijevo -
11:06
where she's sitting quietly
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gdje mirno sjedi
11:08
and eavesdropping on the courtship conversation
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i prisluškuje udvaračke razgovore
11:11
of her intended prey,
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namijenjenog plijena,
11:12
and here's how it might go.
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2013
a evo kako bi to moglo zvučati.
11:14
First the prey male flashes, "Do you love me?"
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Prvo mužjak plijen
zasvijetli: "Voliš li me?"
zasvijetli: "Voliš li me?"
11:18
His own female responds, "Maybe."
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Njegova ženka odgovara: "Možda.".
11:22
So then he flashes again.
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Potom on opet zasvijetli.
11:25
But this time, the predator sneaks in a reply
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Ali, ovog puta, predator se ušulja u odgovor
11:29
that cleverly mimics exactly
what the other female just said.
what the other female just said.
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koji pametno oponaša
ono što je druga ženka rekla.
ono što je druga ženka rekla.
11:34
She's not looking for love: she's looking for toxins.
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Ona ne traži ljubav: ona traži toksine.
11:39
If she's good, she can lure this male close enough
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Ako je dobra, može namamiti ovog
mužjaka dovoljno blizu
mužjaka dovoljno blizu
11:43
to reach out and grab him,
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da ga dosegne i zgrabi,
11:46
and he's not just a light snack.
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a on nije samo svjetlosna užina.
11:48
Over the next hour, she slowly
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U narednih sat vremena, ona polako
11:51
exsanguinates this male
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ispija krv iz ovog mužjaka
11:54
leaving behind just some gory remains.
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ostavljajući samo neke krvave ostatke.
11:58
Unable to make their own toxins,
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U nemogućnosti da
proizvedu vlastite toksine,
proizvedu vlastite toksine,
12:00
these females resort to drinking the blood
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ove ženke piju krv
12:03
of other fireflies to get these protective chemicals.
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ostalih krijesnica i time
dobile zaštitne kemikalije.
dobile zaštitne kemikalije.
12:07
So a firefly vampire,
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Dakle, predstavljam
vam krijesnicu - vampira
vam krijesnicu - vampira
12:13
brought to you by natural selection.
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nastalu prirodnom selekcijom.
12:17
We still have a lot to learn about fireflies,
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Još imamo puno za naučiti o krijesnicama,
12:21
but it looks like many stories will remain untold,
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ali čini se kako će mnoge
priče ostati neispričane
priče ostati neispričane
12:24
because around the world, firefly populations
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jer, diljem svijeta, populacije krijesnica
12:26
are blinking out.
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prestaju svijetliti.
12:29
The main culprit: habitat loss.
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Glavni krivac: gubitak staništa.
12:32
Pretty much everywhere, the fields and forests,
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Gotovo svugdje, polja i šume,
12:34
the mangroves and meadows
that fireflies need to survive,
that fireflies need to survive,
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mangrove i livade koje
krijesnice trebaju da prežive.
krijesnice trebaju da prežive.
12:37
are giving way to development and to sprawl.
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daju se za razvoj i širenje.
12:41
Here's another problem: we've conquered darkness,
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Postoji još jedan problem:
pobijedili smo tamu,
pobijedili smo tamu,
12:45
but in the process, we spill so
much extra light out into the night
much extra light out into the night
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ali u procesu smo prolili
toliko dodatnog svjetla
toliko dodatnog svjetla
12:48
that it disrupts the lives of other creatures,
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da to narušava živote ostalih stvorenja,
12:52
and fireflies are especially sensitive to light pollution
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a krijesnice su posebno
osjetljive na oskvrnjenje svjetlosti
osjetljive na oskvrnjenje svjetlosti
12:55
because it obscures the signals
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jer to zamagljuje signale
12:58
that they use to find their mates.
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pomoću kojih one pronalaze svoje partnere.
13:02
Do we really need fireflies?
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1978
Trebamo li zaista krijesnice?
13:04
After all, they're just one tiny bit
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Na kraju krajeva, one su
samo jedna mala trunka
samo jedna mala trunka
13:06
of Earth's biodiversity.
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u zemaljskoj raznolikosti.
13:08
Yet every time a species is lost,
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Ipak, svaki put kad je
jedna vrsta izgubljena,
jedna vrsta izgubljena,
13:12
it's like extinguishing a room full of candles
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to je poput gašenja sobe pune svijeća
13:14
one by one.
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jednu po jednu.
13:17
You might not notice
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Možda ne primjećujete
13:18
when the first few flames flicker out,
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kada prvih nekoliko
plamenja prestane treperiti,
plamenja prestane treperiti,
13:22
but in the end, you're left sitting in darkness.
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ali, na kraju ostanete sjediti u tami.
13:31
As we work together to craft a planetary future,
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Kako zajedno radimo na budućnosti planete,
13:36
I hope we can find a way
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nadam se da ćemo pronaći način
13:38
to keep these bright lights shining.
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kako bismo osigurali da
ova bistra svjetla nastave sjati.
ova bistra svjetla nastave sjati.
13:42
Thank you.
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Hvala vam.
13:44
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Sara Lewis - Firefly specialistEvolutionary ecologist Sara Lewis digs deep into firefly mating rituals to uncover a world of secret languages and strange gifts in these silent sparks.
Why you should listen
Before Sara Lewis lifted the lid on the unexplored lives of fireflies, much of the sexual intrigue behind their flashing displays was a mystery. Although initially focused on sea creatures, Lewis became hooked on these enigmatic insects, realizing that when it came to firefly mating habits, "we had no idea what went on once the lights went out," as she told the New York Times.
Her fascination has led Lewis, a professor at Tufts University, to pursue field and laboratory studies of fireflies around the world. In the course of her groundbreaking research, she’s illuminated many surprising twists of firefly behavior: including elaborate flash dances, predatory eavesdropping and deceit, and “wedding gift” delivery services (video).
More profile about the speakerHer fascination has led Lewis, a professor at Tufts University, to pursue field and laboratory studies of fireflies around the world. In the course of her groundbreaking research, she’s illuminated many surprising twists of firefly behavior: including elaborate flash dances, predatory eavesdropping and deceit, and “wedding gift” delivery services (video).
Sara Lewis | Speaker | TED.com