TEDxKyoto
Takaharu Tezuka: The best kindergarten you’ve ever seen
Takaharu Tezuka: Najbolji vrtić koji ste ikad vidjeli
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U ovoj školi u Tokiu, petogodišnjaci uzrokuju zastoje u prometu i prozori su tu da bi Djed Božićnjak mogao ući kroz njih. Upoznajte: najslađi vrtić na svijetu, koji je dizajnirao Takaharu Tezuka. U ovom šarmantnom govoru, vodi nas kroz sam proces dizajna koji stvarno omogućuje djeci da budu djeca.
Takaharu Tezuka - Architect
Architect Takaharu Tezuka creates imaginative and versatile personal spaces. Full bio
Architect Takaharu Tezuka creates imaginative and versatile personal spaces. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:18
This is a kindergarten
we designed in 2007.
we designed in 2007.
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Ovo je vrtić dizajniran 2007.
00:22
We made this kindergarten
to be a circle.
to be a circle.
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Napravili smo ovaj vrtić
kao krug.
kao krug.
00:26
It's a kind of endless circulation
on top of the roof.
on top of the roof.
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To je kao beskrajna cirkulacija
na krovu.
na krovu.
00:29
If you are a parent,
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Ako ste roditelj,
00:31
you know that kids love
to keep making circles.
to keep making circles.
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znate da djeca vole
stalno raditi krugove.
stalno raditi krugove.
00:36
This is how the rooftop looks.
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Ovako izgleda krov.
00:39
And why did we design this?
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I zašto smo ovo dizajnirali?
00:41
The principal of this kindergarten said,
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Ravnatelj ovog vrtića je rekao,
00:44
"No, I don't want a handrail."
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„Ne, ne želim ogradu.“
00:47
I said, "It's impossible."
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Ja sam rekao, „ To je nemoguće.“
00:49
But he insisted: "How about having a net
sticking out from the edge of the roof?
sticking out from the edge of the roof?
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Ali on je inzistirao: „A da imamo mrežu
koja visi s ruba krova?
koja visi s ruba krova?
00:55
So that it can catch
the children falling off?"
the children falling off?"
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Tako da ulovi
djecu koja padnu?“
djecu koja padnu?“
00:57
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
00:59
I said, "It's impossible."
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Ja sam rekao, „To je nemoguće.“
01:01
And of course,
the government official said,
the government official said,
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I naravno,
vladin dužnosnik je rekao,
vladin dužnosnik je rekao,
01:04
"Of course you have to have a handrail."
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„Naravno da morate imati ogradu.“
01:10
But we could keep
that idea around the trees.
that idea around the trees.
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Ali mogli smo zadržati
tu ideju oko drveća.
tu ideju oko drveća.
01:13
There are three trees popping through.
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Tri su drveta koja strše van.
01:17
And we were allowed to call
this rope as a handrail.
this rope as a handrail.
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I dozvoljeno nam je da zovemo
taj konop ogradom.
taj konop ogradom.
01:22
But of course, rope has nothing
to do with them.
to do with them.
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Ali naravno, konop nema
nikakve veze s njima.
nikakve veze s njima.
01:26
They fall into the net.
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Oni padnu u mrežu.
01:29
And you get more,
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I dođe ih više,
01:32
and more,
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i više,
01:35
more.
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više.
01:36
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
01:37
Sometimes 40 children
are around a tree.
are around a tree.
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Ponekad je 40 djece
oko drveta.
oko drveta.
01:43
The boy on the branch,
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Dječak na grani,
01:44
he loves the tree
so he is eating the tree.
so he is eating the tree.
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on voli drvo
pa jede drvo.
pa jede drvo.
01:47
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
01:50
And at the time of an event,
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I u vrijeme nekog događanja,
01:52
they sit on the edge.
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sjede na rubu.
01:56
It looks so nice from underneath.
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Izgleda baš lijepo od dolje.
01:58
Monkeys in the zoo.
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Majmunčići u zoološkom.
02:00
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
02:04
Feeding time.
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Vrijeme za hranjenje.
02:06
(Laughter)
(Applause)
(Applause)
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(Smijeh)
(Pljesak)
(Pljesak)
02:12
And we made the roof as low as possible,
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I napravili smo krov što smo niže mogli,
02:15
because we wanted to see
children on top of the roof,
children on top of the roof,
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jer smo htjeli vidjeti
djecu na krovu,
djecu na krovu,
02:19
not only underneath the roof.
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a ne samo ispod krova.
02:22
And if the roof is too high,
you see only the ceiling.
you see only the ceiling.
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Ako je krov previsok,
vidite samo plafon.
vidite samo plafon.
02:27
And the leg washing place --
there are many kinds of water taps.
there are many kinds of water taps.
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I mjesto za pranje nogu –
ima puno vrsta slavina za vodu.
ima puno vrsta slavina za vodu.
02:32
You see with the flexible tubes,
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Vidite ovu sa fleksibilnim crijevom,
02:34
you want to spray water
to your friends,
to your friends,
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želite pošpricati vodom
svoje prijatelje,
svoje prijatelje,
02:37
and the shower,
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i tuš,
02:39
and the one in front is quite normal.
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i ova na početku je poprilično normalna.
02:41
But if you look at this,
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Ali ako pogledate ovo,
02:43
the boy is not washing his boots,
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dječak ne pere svoje čizme,
02:44
he's putting water into his boots.
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on sipa vodu u svoje čizme.
02:46
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
02:53
This kindergarten is completely
open, most of the year.
open, most of the year.
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Ovaj vrtić je potpuno
otvoren, većinu godine.
otvoren, većinu godine.
02:59
And there is no boundary
between inside and outside.
between inside and outside.
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I nema granice
između unutra i vani.
između unutra i vani.
03:03
So it means basically
this architecture is a roof.
this architecture is a roof.
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To zapravo znači
da je ova građevina krov.
da je ova građevina krov.
03:07
And also there is no boundary
between classrooms.
between classrooms.
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Također nema granica
između učionica.
između učionica.
03:11
So there is no acoustic barrier at all.
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Tako da nema nikakve akustične barijere.
03:15
When you put many children in a quiet box,
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Kad stavite puno djece u tihu kutiju,
03:21
some of them get really nervous.
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neka od njih postanu jako nervozna.
03:24
But in this kindergarten,
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Ali u ovom vrtiću,
03:26
there is no reason they get nervous.
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nema razloga da postanu nervozna.
03:30
Because there is no boundary.
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Jer nema granice.
03:33
And the principal says
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I ravnatelj kaže
03:35
if the boy in the corner
doesn't want to stay in the room,
doesn't want to stay in the room,
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ako dječak u kutu
ne želi ostati u prostoriji,
ne želi ostati u prostoriji,
03:39
we let him go.
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pustimo ga.
03:41
He will come back eventually,
because it's a circle, it comes back.
because it's a circle, it comes back.
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Već će se vratiti,
jer to je krug, vraća se.
jer to je krug, vraća se.
03:44
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
03:48
But the point is,
in that kind of occasion,
in that kind of occasion,
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Ali poanta je,
u takvoj prilici,
u takvoj prilici,
03:51
usually children try to hide somewhere.
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obično se djeca negdje pokušaju sakriti.
03:54
But here, just they leave and come back.
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Ali ovdje, samo odu i vrate se.
03:58
It's a natural process.
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To je prirodni proces.
04:00
And secondly, we consider
noise very important.
noise very important.
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I drugo, smatramo
da je buka vrlo važna.
da je buka vrlo važna.
04:07
You know that children
sleep better in noise.
sleep better in noise.
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Znate da djeca
bolje spavaju u buci.
bolje spavaju u buci.
04:14
They don't sleep in a quiet space.
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Ne spavaju u tihom prostoru.
04:17
And in this kindergarten,
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I u ovom vrtiću,
04:20
these children show
amazing concentration in class.
amazing concentration in class.
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ova djeca pokazuju
zadivljujuću koncentraciju na nastavi.
zadivljujuću koncentraciju na nastavi.
04:27
And you know, our kind grew up
in the jungle with noise.
in the jungle with noise.
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I znate, naša vrsta je odrasla
u džungli s bukom.
u džungli s bukom.
04:33
They need noise.
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Oni trebaju buku.
04:35
And you know, you can talk
to your friends in a noisy bar.
to your friends in a noisy bar.
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I znate, možete pričati
sa svojim prijateljima u bučnom baru.
sa svojim prijateljima u bučnom baru.
04:39
You are not supposed to be in silence.
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Ne trebamo biti u tišini.
04:43
And you know, these days
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I znate, ovih dana
04:46
we are trying to make
everything under control.
everything under control.
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pokušavamo staviti
sve pod kontrolu.
sve pod kontrolu.
04:52
You know, it's completely open.
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Znate, potpuno je otvoreno.
04:54
And you should know that
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I trebali bi znati da
04:57
we can go skiing in -20 degrees in winter.
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možemo ići skijati na -20 stupnjeva zimi.
05:02
In summer you go swimming.
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Ljeti idete na plivanje.
05:05
The sand is 50 degrees.
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Pijesak je 50 stupnjeva.
05:08
And also, you should know
that you are waterproof.
that you are waterproof.
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I također bi trebali znati
da ste vodootporni.
da ste vodootporni.
05:12
You never melt in rain.
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Nikad se ne topite na kiši.
05:15
So, children are supposed to be outside.
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Tako, djeca bi trebala biti vani.
05:19
So that is how we should treat them.
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Tako bi se trebali odnositi prema njima.
05:22
This is how they divide classrooms.
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Ovako odvajaju učionice.
05:24
They are supposed to help teachers.
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Trebali bi pomoći učiteljima.
05:27
They don't.
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Ne pomažu.
05:29
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
05:35
I didn't put him in.
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Nisam ga stavio unutra.
05:39
A classroom.
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Učionica.
05:42
And a washbasin.
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I umivaonik.
05:44
They talk to each other around the well.
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Pričaju jedni s drugima oko bunara.
05:49
And there are always
some trees in the classroom.
some trees in the classroom.
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I uvijek ima
drveća u učionici.
drveća u učionici.
05:55
A monkey trying to fish
another monkey from above.
another monkey from above.
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Majmun pokušava uloviti
drugog majmuna od gore.
drugog majmuna od gore.
05:59
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
06:01
Monkeys.
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Majmuni.
06:02
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
06:04
And each classroom has
at least one skylight.
at least one skylight.
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I svaka učionica ima
bar jedan krovni prozor.
bar jedan krovni prozor.
06:09
And this is where Santa Claus
comes down at the time of Christmas.
comes down at the time of Christmas.
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Tuda se Djed Božičnjak
spusti za Božić.
spusti za Božić.
06:19
This is the annex building,
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Ovo je dodatna zgrada,
06:21
right next to that
oval-shaped kindergarten.
oval-shaped kindergarten.
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odmah pored ovog
ovalnog vrtića.
ovalnog vrtića.
06:26
The building is only
five meters tall with seven floors.
five meters tall with seven floors.
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Zgrada je samo
pet metara visoka sa sedam katova.
pet metara visoka sa sedam katova.
06:31
And of course,
the ceiling height is very low.
the ceiling height is very low.
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I naravno,
visina plafona je vrlo mala.
visina plafona je vrlo mala.
06:33
So you have to consider safety.
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Pa trebate misliti na sigurnost.
06:38
So, we put our children,
a daughter and a son.
a daughter and a son.
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Pa, stavljamo našu djecu,
kćer i sina.
kćer i sina.
06:43
They tried to go in.
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Probali su ući.
06:47
He hit his head.
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On je udario glavom.
06:51
He's okay. His skull is quite strong.
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Dobro je. Ima dosta čvrstu lubanju.
06:55
He is resilient. It's my son.
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Otporan je on. To je moj sin.
06:58
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
07:01
And he is trying to see
if it is safe to jump off.
if it is safe to jump off.
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Pokušava vidjeti
je li sigurno skočiti dolje.
je li sigurno skočiti dolje.
07:05
And then we put other children.
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I tada smo pustili drugu djecu.
07:12
The traffic jam is awful
in Tokyo, as you know.
in Tokyo, as you know.
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Prometna gužva je grozna
u Tokiu, kao što znate.
u Tokiu, kao što znate.
07:15
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
07:16
The driver in front,
she needs to learn how to drive.
she needs to learn how to drive.
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Vozačica na početku,
ona treba naučiti kako voziti.
ona treba naučiti kako voziti.
07:21
Now these days,
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Ovih dana,
07:23
kids need a small dosage of danger.
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djeca trebaju malu dozu opasnosti.
07:30
And in this kind of occasion,
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I u ovakvim prilikama,
07:33
they learn to help each other.
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uče pomagati jedni drugima.
07:37
This is society. This is the kind of
opportunity we are losing these days.
opportunity we are losing these days.
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To je društvo. Ovo su
prilike koje u današnje vrijeme gubimo.
prilike koje u današnje vrijeme gubimo.
07:48
Now, this drawing is showing
the movement of a boy
the movement of a boy
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Ovaj crtež pokazuje
kretanje dječaka
kretanje dječaka
07:54
between 9:10 and 9:30.
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između 9:10 i 9:30.
08:01
And the circumference
of this building is 183 meters.
of this building is 183 meters.
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I opseg
ove zgrade je 183 metra.
ove zgrade je 183 metra.
08:07
So it's not exactly small at all.
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Tako da nije baš mala.
08:11
And this boy did 6,000 meters
in the morning.
in the morning.
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I ovaj dječak je prešao 6000 metara
ujutro.
ujutro.
08:15
But the surprise is yet to come.
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Ali iznenađenje tek dolazi.
08:19
The children in this kindergarten
do 4,000 meters on average.
do 4,000 meters on average.
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Djeca u ovom vrtiću
prijeđu u prosjeku 4000 metara.
prijeđu u prosjeku 4000 metara.
08:27
And these children have
the highest athletic abilities
the highest athletic abilities
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I ova djeca imaju
najviše atletske sposobnosti
najviše atletske sposobnosti
08:34
among many kindergartens.
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među mnogim vrtićima.
08:43
The principal says,
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Ravnatelj kaže,
08:45
"I don't train them.
We leave them on top of the roof.
We leave them on top of the roof.
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„Ja ih ne treniram.
Ostavimo ih na krovu.
Ostavimo ih na krovu.
08:51
Just like sheep."
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Baš kao ovce.“
08:52
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
08:54
They keep running.
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Oni samo trče.
08:56
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
08:58
My point is don't control them,
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Poanta je nemojte ih kontrolirati,
09:03
don't protect them too much,
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nemojte ih previše štititi,
09:07
and they need to tumble sometimes.
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i oni se moraju nekad spotaknuti.
09:10
They need to get some injury.
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Moraju zadobiti neke ozljede.
09:14
And that makes them learn
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I na taj način uče
09:17
how to live in this world.
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kako živjeti u ovom svijetu.
09:23
I think architecture is capable
of changing this world,
of changing this world,
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Mislim da je arhitektura sposobna
promijeniti ovaj svijet,
promijeniti ovaj svijet,
09:31
and people's lives.
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i živote ljudi.
09:33
And this is one of the attempts
to change the lives of children.
to change the lives of children.
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I ovo je jedan od pokušaja
da promijenimo živote djece.
da promijenimo živote djece.
09:40
Thank you very much.
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Hvala Vam puno.
09:42
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Takaharu Tezuka - ArchitectArchitect Takaharu Tezuka creates imaginative and versatile personal spaces.
Why you should listen
Takaharu Tezuka and his wife Yui make up Tezuka Architects. Together they have built schools centered on trees, play areas created from interwoven wooden beams and hospitals that offer patients the healing gifts of joyous light and space. It is this same breathtaking light and space, sketched out with clean lines of wood, metal and glass, that are the hallmarks of each of Tezuka’s projects. Since establishing the firm in 1994, Tezuka and his team have created buildings that transform mere walls and windows into living — and livable — art.
More profile about the speakerTakaharu Tezuka | Speaker | TED.com