TEDxKyoto
Takaharu Tezuka: The best kindergarten you’ve ever seen
Takaharu Tezuka: 你见过最好的幼儿园
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在东京的这个学校，五岁大的孩子们能引发拥堵，窗户是留给圣诞老人爬进来的。
让我们来看看：世界上最可爱的幼儿园，由建筑师Takaharu Tezuka所设计。
在这段演讲中，他向我们讲述了这一设计的由来以及它如何真正让孩子们的天性得到解放。
Takaharu Tezuka - Architect
Architect Takaharu Tezuka creates imaginative and versatile personal spaces. Full bio
Architect Takaharu Tezuka creates imaginative and versatile personal spaces. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:18
This is a kindergarten
we designed in 2007.
we designed in 2007.
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这是我们在2007年设计的一个幼儿园。
00:22
We made this kindergarten
to be a circle.
to be a circle.
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我们把它建成了一个环形。
00:26
It's a kind of endless circulation
on top of the roof.
on top of the roof.
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在屋顶上面，
是一个无尽的循环。
是一个无尽的循环。
00:29
If you are a parent,
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如果你是一名家长,
00:31
you know that kids love
to keep making circles.
to keep making circles.
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你就知道，
小孩儿们喜欢不停的转圈。
小孩儿们喜欢不停的转圈。
00:36
This is how the rooftop looks.
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那么这就是房顶的样子。
为什么我们要把它设计成这样呢？
00:39
And why did we design this?
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00:41
The principal of this kindergarten said,
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这家幼儿园的园长说：
00:44
"No, I don't want a handrail."
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"不，我不想要护栏。”
00:47
I said, "It's impossible."
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我说：“那不可能。”
00:49
But he insisted: "How about having a net
sticking out from the edge of the roof?
sticking out from the edge of the roof?
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但他坚持说：“那要不......
就在屋顶边做一圈向外延伸的防护网？
就在屋顶边做一圈向外延伸的防护网？
00:55
So that it can catch
the children falling off?"
the children falling off?"
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这样它就能接住跌落的小孩儿？“
00:57
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
00:59
I said, "It's impossible."
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我说：“那不可能。”
01:01
And of course,
the government official said,
the government official said,
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然后，当然，政府的官员告诉我：
01:04
"Of course you have to have a handrail."
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“当然，你必须得有护栏。”
01:10
But we could keep
that idea around the trees.
that idea around the trees.
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但我们还是可以把那个防护网的
想法在树上实现。
想法在树上实现。
01:13
There are three trees popping through.
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那儿有三棵从屋顶穿出的树。
01:17
And we were allowed to call
this rope as a handrail.
this rope as a handrail.
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我们被允许用绳索当作护栏。
01:22
But of course, rope has nothing
to do with them.
to do with them.
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但是，当然，
绳索对小孩儿来说根本没用。
绳索对小孩儿来说根本没用。
01:26
They fall into the net.
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他们会故意掉进去。
01:29
And you get more,
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然后更多人掉进去，
01:32
and more,
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还有更多，
01:35
more.
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更多……
（笑声）
01:36
(Laughter)
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有时会有40个小孩儿
同时围着树一起玩儿。
同时围着树一起玩儿。
01:37
Sometimes 40 children
are around a tree.
are around a tree.
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那个爬在树枝上的男孩儿，
01:43
The boy on the branch,
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01:44
he loves the tree
so he is eating the tree.
so he is eating the tree.
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他很爱这棵树，一直在不停的啃树皮。
01:47
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
01:50
And at the time of an event,
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当幼儿园里搞活动的时候，
01:52
they sit on the edge.
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他们就坐在围栏的边缘（观看）。
01:56
It looks so nice from underneath.
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这画面从下面看起来很美。
01:58
Monkeys in the zoo.
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简直就是动物园里的猴子。
（笑声）
02:00
(Laughter)
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喂食时间到～
02:04
Feeding time.
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02:06
(Laughter)
(Applause)
(Applause)
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（笑声）
（鼓掌）
（鼓掌）
我们把房顶尽量做得低矮，
02:12
And we made the roof as low as possible,
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02:15
because we wanted to see
children on top of the roof,
children on top of the roof,
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因为我们想让孩子们在屋顶上玩，
02:19
not only underneath the roof.
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而不是缩在屋檐下。
02:22
And if the roof is too high,
you see only the ceiling.
you see only the ceiling.
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如果房顶太高，
你看到的就只有天花板了。
你看到的就只有天花板了。
02:27
And the leg washing place --
there are many kinds of water taps.
there are many kinds of water taps.
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还有洗脚的地方——
那儿有很多种水龙头。
那儿有很多种水龙头。
02:32
You see with the flexible tubes,
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你可以看到，有弹性的软管…
02:34
you want to spray water
to your friends,
to your friends,
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让人忍不住想用它往朋友身上喷水玩，
02:37
and the shower,
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还有淋浴的喷头…
02:39
and the one in front is quite normal.
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还有前面的这种…
是很普通的水龙头。
是很普通的水龙头。
但是如果你仔细看，
02:41
But if you look at this,
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02:43
the boy is not washing his boots,
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这小男孩其实并没在洗他的靴子，
02:44
he's putting water into his boots.
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他是在往靴子里灌水……
02:46
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
02:53
This kindergarten is completely
open, most of the year.
open, most of the year.
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这家幼儿园完全是开放的，
几乎整年都开放着。
几乎整年都开放着。
02:59
And there is no boundary
between inside and outside.
between inside and outside.
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它的内部和外部之间，
没有明确的界限。
没有明确的界限。
03:03
So it means basically
this architecture is a roof.
this architecture is a roof.
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因此，这意味着，基本上，
这个建筑，就只有一个屋顶。
这个建筑，就只有一个屋顶。
同样的，它的教室之间也没有界限。
03:07
And also there is no boundary
between classrooms.
between classrooms.
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03:11
So there is no acoustic barrier at all.
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所以那里没有任何听觉上的阻碍。
03:15
When you put many children in a quiet box,
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要知道，如果你把很多小孩
放进一个安静的封闭空间，
放进一个安静的封闭空间，
03:21
some of them get really nervous.
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他们中的一些人会变得非常紧张。
03:24
But in this kindergarten,
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但在这个幼儿园里，
03:26
there is no reason they get nervous.
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他们没有任何理由去紧张。
03:30
Because there is no boundary.
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因为到处都没有界限。
03:33
And the principal says
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他们的园长说，
03:35
if the boy in the corner
doesn't want to stay in the room,
doesn't want to stay in the room,
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如果角落里的那个男孩儿
不想呆在教室里，
不想呆在教室里，
03:39
we let him go.
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我们就放他走。
03:41
He will come back eventually,
because it's a circle, it comes back.
because it's a circle, it comes back.
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他最终会回来的，
因为这是个圆，他会转回来的。
因为这是个圆，他会转回来的。
03:44
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
03:48
But the point is,
in that kind of occasion,
in that kind of occasion,
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最关键的是，通常在这种情况下，
03:51
usually children try to hide somewhere.
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小孩儿会试图藏在某个地方。
03:54
But here, just they leave and come back.
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但在这里，他们走掉之后，
就只能绕一圈回来。
就只能绕一圈回来。
03:58
It's a natural process.
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这是个自然的过程。
04:00
And secondly, we consider
noise very important.
noise very important.
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其次，我们认为，
噪音是非常重要的。
噪音是非常重要的。
04:07
You know that children
sleep better in noise.
sleep better in noise.
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你得知道，小孩儿
在噪音里睡得更香。
在噪音里睡得更香。
04:14
They don't sleep in a quiet space.
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他们是不会在安静的空间里睡着的。
04:17
And in this kindergarten,
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在这家幼儿园里，
04:20
these children show
amazing concentration in class.
amazing concentration in class.
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孩子们在课堂里
表现出惊人的注意力。
表现出惊人的注意力。
04:27
And you know, our kind grew up
in the jungle with noise.
in the jungle with noise.
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大家知道，我们人类原本就是在
那种充满噪音的丛林里长大的。
那种充满噪音的丛林里长大的。
04:33
They need noise.
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——他们需要噪音。
04:35
And you know, you can talk
to your friends in a noisy bar.
to your friends in a noisy bar.
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你还能够在嘈杂的酒吧里跟朋友聊天。
04:39
You are not supposed to be in silence.
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你本来就能够适应嘈杂的环境。
04:43
And you know, these days
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当今时代，
04:46
we are trying to make
everything under control.
everything under control.
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我们一直在尝试要控制所有的事情。
04:52
You know, it's completely open.
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但在这里，它是完全开放的。
04:54
And you should know that
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你们也应该知道：
04:57
we can go skiing in -20 degrees in winter.
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我们能在零下二十度的冬天滑雪。
05:02
In summer you go swimming.
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夏天，你去游泳
05:05
The sand is 50 degrees.
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海边的沙子高达50摄氏度。
我们就是这样适应环境的。
我们就是这样适应环境的。
05:08
And also, you should know
that you are waterproof.
that you are waterproof.
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而且我们人类是防水的。
05:12
You never melt in rain.
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不可能因为一场雨就融化了。
05:15
So, children are supposed to be outside.
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所以，我们认为小孩儿就该呆在室外。
05:19
So that is how we should treat them.
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这才是我们对待他们的正确方式。
05:22
This is how they divide classrooms.
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这是他们分隔教室的方式。
05:24
They are supposed to help teachers.
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他们本来应该帮助老师的。
05:27
They don't.
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但…他们没有…
（笑声）
05:29
(Laughter)
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不是我把他放进去的……
05:35
I didn't put him in.
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05:39
A classroom.
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这就是教室了。
05:42
And a washbasin.
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还有洗手池。
05:44
They talk to each other around the well.
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他们在水池边聊天。
05:49
And there are always
some trees in the classroom.
some trees in the classroom.
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而且教室里总是有一些树的……
05:55
A monkey trying to fish
another monkey from above.
another monkey from above.
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一只猴子想要把
另一只猴子钓上去。
另一只猴子钓上去。
05:59
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
06:01
Monkeys.
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看，猴子们。
06:02
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
06:04
And each classroom has
at least one skylight.
at least one skylight.
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每个教室都至少有一个天窗。
06:09
And this is where Santa Claus
comes down at the time of Christmas.
comes down at the time of Christmas.
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这样在圣诞节的时候，
圣诞老人才有地方爬下来。
圣诞老人才有地方爬下来。
06:19
This is the annex building,
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这是幼儿园的附属建筑，
06:21
right next to that
oval-shaped kindergarten.
oval-shaped kindergarten.
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就建在那个椭圆形幼儿园的旁边。
06:26
The building is only
five meters tall with seven floors.
five meters tall with seven floors.
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这个建筑只有5米高，
可是里面设计了7层的空间。
可是里面设计了7层的空间。
06:31
And of course,
the ceiling height is very low.
the ceiling height is very low.
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当然，这导致它的天花板非常矮。
06:33
So you have to consider safety.
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因此我们不得不考虑安全问题。
06:38
So, we put our children,
a daughter and a son.
a daughter and a son.
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所以，我们放了两个孩子进去，
一个女孩儿，一个男孩儿。
一个女孩儿，一个男孩儿。
06:43
They tried to go in.
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他们努力地钻进去。
06:47
He hit his head.
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他撞到头了。
06:51
He's okay. His skull is quite strong.
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他没事。他的骨头很硬。
06:55
He is resilient. It's my son.
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他适应能力很强的。
因为这是我儿子。
因为这是我儿子。
06:58
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
07:01
And he is trying to see
if it is safe to jump off.
if it is safe to jump off.
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他还在试着看
能不能安全地跳下去。
能不能安全地跳下去。
07:05
And then we put other children.
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然后我们放了更多孩子进去。
东京的堵车太糟糕了，你懂的。
07:12
The traffic jam is awful
in Tokyo, as you know.
in Tokyo, as you know.
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07:15
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
07:16
The driver in front,
she needs to learn how to drive.
she needs to learn how to drive.
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前面那个司机，她还得好好学学开车。
07:21
Now these days,
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在这个年代，
07:23
kids need a small dosage of danger.
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孩子们需要接触一些轻微的危险。
07:30
And in this kind of occasion,
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因为在这种状况下，
07:33
they learn to help each other.
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他们就会学会互相帮助。
07:37
This is society. This is the kind of
opportunity we are losing these days.
opportunity we are losing these days.
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这就是社会。这些（教育）机会
正是我们如今逐渐丧失的。
正是我们如今逐渐丧失的。
07:48
Now, this drawing is showing
the movement of a boy
the movement of a boy
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现在看这幅图，它展现了一个男孩
07:54
between 9:10 and 9:30.
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在9:10到9:30之间的运动轨迹。
这栋建筑的周长是183米。
08:01
And the circumference
of this building is 183 meters.
of this building is 183 meters.
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08:07
So it's not exactly small at all.
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它真的已经不能算小了！
所以这个男孩，
一早上就运动了6000米。
一早上就运动了6000米。
08:11
And this boy did 6,000 meters
in the morning.
in the morning.
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08:15
But the surprise is yet to come.
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最令人惊讶的还不止这个。
08:19
The children in this kindergarten
do 4,000 meters on average.
do 4,000 meters on average.
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这家幼儿园里的孩子们
平均运动距离是4000米。
平均运动距离是4000米。
08:27
And these children have
the highest athletic abilities
the highest athletic abilities
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与大多数幼儿园相比，
这里的孩子有着最高的运动能力。
08:34
among many kindergartens.
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园长说了：
08:43
The principal says,
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08:45
"I don't train them.
We leave them on top of the roof.
We leave them on top of the roof.
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“我们不需要督促他们进行户外锻炼。
把他们放到屋顶上就行。
把他们放到屋顶上就行。
08:51
Just like sheep."
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就像放羊一样。“
08:52
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
08:54
They keep running.
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他们就会不停地跑啊跑。
08:56
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
08:58
My point is don't control them,
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我的观念就是，不要去“控制”他们，
09:03
don't protect them too much,
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也不要过多地“保护”他们，
09:07
and they need to tumble sometimes.
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——他们有时也需要摔倒，
09:10
They need to get some injury.
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也需要受点伤。
09:14
And that makes them learn
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这样他们就会从中学到
09:17
how to live in this world.
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如何在这个世界上生存。
09:23
I think architecture is capable
of changing this world,
of changing this world,
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我认为，建筑可以改变这个世界，
09:31
and people's lives.
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可以改变人们的生活。
09:33
And this is one of the attempts
to change the lives of children.
to change the lives of children.
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这座幼儿园，就是其中一个尝试，
它改变了孩子们的生活。
它改变了孩子们的生活。
09:40
Thank you very much.
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非常感谢。
09:42
(Applause)
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（鼓掌）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Takaharu Tezuka - ArchitectArchitect Takaharu Tezuka creates imaginative and versatile personal spaces.
Why you should listen
Takaharu Tezuka and his wife Yui make up Tezuka Architects. Together they have built schools centered on trees, play areas created from interwoven wooden beams and hospitals that offer patients the healing gifts of joyous light and space. It is this same breathtaking light and space, sketched out with clean lines of wood, metal and glass, that are the hallmarks of each of Tezuka’s projects. Since establishing the firm in 1994, Tezuka and his team have created buildings that transform mere walls and windows into living — and livable — art.
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