TEDxKyoto
Takaharu Tezuka: The best kindergarten you’ve ever seen
Takaharu Tedzuka: Labākais bērnudārzs, kādu jelkad esat redzējuši
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Šajā Tokijas skolā piecgadīgie bērni izraisa sastrēgumus un logi ir domāti, lai pa tiem ierāptos Ziemassvētku vecītis. Iepazīstieties ar pasaules jaukāko bērnudārzu, ko projektējis arhitekts Takaharu Tedzuka. Šajā jaukajā runā viņš izvadā mūs pa ēku, kas ļauj bērniem būt bērniem.
Takaharu Tezuka - Architect
Architect Takaharu Tezuka creates imaginative and versatile personal spaces. Full bio
Architect Takaharu Tezuka creates imaginative and versatile personal spaces. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:18
This is a kindergarten
we designed in 2007.
we designed in 2007.
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Šis ir bērnudārzs,
ko projektējām 2007. gadā.
ko projektējām 2007. gadā.
00:22
We made this kindergarten
to be a circle.
to be a circle.
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Mēs to izveidojām apļa formā.
00:26
It's a kind of endless circulation
on top of the roof.
on top of the roof.
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Tā ir kā bezgalīga riņķošana uz jumta.
00:29
If you are a parent,
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Ja jums ir bērni,
00:31
you know that kids love
to keep making circles.
to keep making circles.
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zināt, ka bērniem patīk riņķot.
00:36
This is how the rooftop looks.
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Tā izskatās jumts.
00:39
And why did we design this?
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Kādēļ to tā projektējām?
00:41
The principal of this kindergarten said,
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Bērnudārza direktors teica:
00:44
"No, I don't want a handrail."
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„Nē, es nevēlos margas.”
00:47
I said, "It's impossible."
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Es teicu: „Tas nav iespējams.”
00:49
But he insisted: "How about having a net
sticking out from the edge of the roof?
sticking out from the edge of the roof?
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Bet viņš uzstāja:
„Kā būtu ar tīklu gar jumta malu,
„Kā būtu ar tīklu gar jumta malu,
00:55
So that it can catch
the children falling off?"
the children falling off?"
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lai tas noķertu krītošos bērnus?"
00:57
(Laughter)
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(Smiekli)
00:59
I said, "It's impossible."
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Es teicu: „Tas nav iespējams.”
01:01
And of course,
the government official said,
the government official said,
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Un, protams, valdības ierēdnis teica:
01:04
"Of course you have to have a handrail."
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„Protams, margām jābūt.”
01:10
But we could keep
that idea around the trees.
that idea around the trees.
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Bet mēs šo ideju izmantojām ap kokiem.
01:13
There are three trees popping through.
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Ēkai cauri aug trīs koki.
01:17
And we were allowed to call
this rope as a handrail.
this rope as a handrail.
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Mums atļāva šo virvi saukt par margām.
01:22
But of course, rope has nothing
to do with them.
to do with them.
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Bet virve, protams, nebija bērniem.
01:26
They fall into the net.
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Viņi krīt tīklā.
01:29
And you get more,
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Viņu ir aizvien vairāk,
01:32
and more,
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un vairāk,
01:35
more.
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vēl vairāk.
01:36
(Laughter)
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(Smiekli)
01:37
Sometimes 40 children
are around a tree.
are around a tree.
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Dažkārt ap koku ir pat 40 bērnu.
01:43
The boy on the branch,
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Zēnam uz zara
01:44
he loves the tree
so he is eating the tree.
so he is eating the tree.
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koks patīk, tāpēc viņš to ēd.
01:47
(Laughter)
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(Smiekli)
01:50
And at the time of an event,
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Un pasākumu laikā,
01:52
they sit on the edge.
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tie sēž uz malas.
01:56
It looks so nice from underneath.
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No apakšas tas izskatās ļoti jauki.
01:58
Monkeys in the zoo.
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Pērtiķēni zoodārzā.
02:00
(Laughter)
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(Smiekli)
02:04
Feeding time.
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Barošanas laiks.
02:06
(Laughter)
(Applause)
(Applause)
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(Smiekli)
(Aplausi)
(Aplausi)
02:12
And we made the roof as low as possible,
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Jumtu mēs veidojām pēc iespējas zemāku,
02:15
because we wanted to see
children on top of the roof,
children on top of the roof,
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jo gribējām redzēt bērnus uz jumta,
02:19
not only underneath the roof.
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ne tikai zem jumta.
02:22
And if the roof is too high,
you see only the ceiling.
you see only the ceiling.
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Un ja jumts ir pārāk augstu,
var redzēt tikai griestus.
var redzēt tikai griestus.
02:27
And the leg washing place --
there are many kinds of water taps.
there are many kinds of water taps.
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Kāju mazgātava:
tajā ir dažnedažādi ūdens krāni.
tajā ir dažnedažādi ūdens krāni.
02:32
You see with the flexible tubes,
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Ar lokanām caurulēm,
02:34
you want to spray water
to your friends,
to your friends,
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ja gribat apšļakstīt draugus,
02:37
and the shower,
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un duša,
02:39
and the one in front is quite normal.
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bet pati priekšējā ir gluži normāla.
02:41
But if you look at this,
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Bet ja paskatāties uz šo,
02:43
the boy is not washing his boots,
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zēns zābakus nemazgā,
02:44
he's putting water into his boots.
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viņš tajos lej ūdeni.
02:46
(Laughter)
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(Smiekli)
02:53
This kindergarten is completely
open, most of the year.
open, most of the year.
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Šis bērnudārzs lielāko gada daļu
ir pilnīgi atvērts.
ir pilnīgi atvērts.
02:59
And there is no boundary
between inside and outside.
between inside and outside.
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Un tajā nav robežu
starp iekštelpām un ārtelpu.
starp iekštelpām un ārtelpu.
03:03
So it means basically
this architecture is a roof.
this architecture is a roof.
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Tātad šī ēka, principā, ir jumts.
03:07
And also there is no boundary
between classrooms.
between classrooms.
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Un robežu nav arī starp mācību telpām.
03:11
So there is no acoustic barrier at all.
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Tātad nav nekādas akustiskās barjeras.
03:15
When you put many children in a quiet box,
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Ja ieliekat bērnus klusā kastē,
03:21
some of them get really nervous.
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daži no tiem ļoti satraucas.
03:24
But in this kindergarten,
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Bet šajā bērnudārzā
03:26
there is no reason they get nervous.
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nav par ko satraukties,
03:30
Because there is no boundary.
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jo nav robežu.
03:33
And the principal says
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Un direktors saka:
03:35
if the boy in the corner
doesn't want to stay in the room,
doesn't want to stay in the room,
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„Ja zēns stūrī negrib palikt telpā,
03:39
we let him go.
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mēs viņu laižam ārā.
03:41
He will come back eventually,
because it's a circle, it comes back.
because it's a circle, it comes back.
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Viņš beigās atnāks atpakaļ,
jo tas ir aplis, tas vienmēr atgriežas.”
jo tas ir aplis, tas vienmēr atgriežas.”
03:44
(Laughter)
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(Smiekli)
03:48
But the point is,
in that kind of occasion,
in that kind of occasion,
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Bet galvenais ir, ka tādā gadījumā,
03:51
usually children try to hide somewhere.
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bērni parasti cenšas kaut kur paslēpties.
03:54
But here, just they leave and come back.
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Bet šeit viņi vienkārši aiziet un atnāk.
03:58
It's a natural process.
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Tas ir dabisks process.
04:00
And secondly, we consider
noise very important.
noise very important.
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Un otrkārt, pēc mūsu domām,
ļoti svarīgs ir troksnis.
ļoti svarīgs ir troksnis.
04:07
You know that children
sleep better in noise.
sleep better in noise.
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Jūs zināt, ka bērni troksnī guļ labāk.
04:14
They don't sleep in a quiet space.
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Viņi neguļ klusumā.
04:17
And in this kindergarten,
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Un šajā bērnudārzā,
04:20
these children show
amazing concentration in class.
amazing concentration in class.
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bērniem stundās
ir lieliska koncentrēšanās.
ir lieliska koncentrēšanās.
04:27
And you know, our kind grew up
in the jungle with noise.
in the jungle with noise.
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Jūs zināt, ka mūsu suga uzauga
džungļos, kur ir trokšņains.
džungļos, kur ir trokšņains.
04:33
They need noise.
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Viņiem vajag troksni.
04:35
And you know, you can talk
to your friends in a noisy bar.
to your friends in a noisy bar.
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Un jūs zināt, ka varat runāt
ar draugiem trokšņainā bārā.
ar draugiem trokšņainā bārā.
04:39
You are not supposed to be in silence.
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Jums nav jābūt klusumā.
04:43
And you know, these days
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Un jūs zināt, ka šajos laikos
04:46
we are trying to make
everything under control.
everything under control.
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cenšamies visu kontrolēt.
04:52
You know, it's completely open.
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Tas ir pavisam atvērts.
04:54
And you should know that
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Un jums jāzina,
04:57
we can go skiing in -20 degrees in winter.
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ka ziemā varam slēpot -20 grādos.
05:02
In summer you go swimming.
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Vasarā varat peldēties.
05:05
The sand is 50 degrees.
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Smiltis ir 50 grādu siltas.
05:08
And also, you should know
that you are waterproof.
that you are waterproof.
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Un jums arī jāzina, ka esat ūdensizturīgs.
05:12
You never melt in rain.
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Jūs lietū nekad neizkusīsiet.
05:15
So, children are supposed to be outside.
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Tāpēc bērniem ir jābūt ārā.
05:19
So that is how we should treat them.
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Tā mums tiem jāļauj darīt.
05:22
This is how they divide classrooms.
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Šadi mēs sadalām mācību telpas.
05:24
They are supposed to help teachers.
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Viņiem vajadzētu palīdzēt skolotājiem.
05:27
They don't.
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Viņi nepalīdz.
05:29
(Laughter)
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(Smiekli)
05:35
I didn't put him in.
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Es viņu tur neieliku.
05:39
A classroom.
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Mācību telpa.
05:42
And a washbasin.
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Un izlietne.
05:44
They talk to each other around the well.
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Viņi runājas ap ūdenskrānu.
05:49
And there are always
some trees in the classroom.
some trees in the classroom.
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Mācību telpā vienmēr ir pa kādam kokam.
05:55
A monkey trying to fish
another monkey from above.
another monkey from above.
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Mērkaķēns mēģina no augšas
izķeksēt otru mērkaķēnu.
izķeksēt otru mērkaķēnu.
05:59
(Laughter)
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(Smiekli)
06:01
Monkeys.
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Mērkaķēni.
06:02
(Laughter)
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(Smiekli)
06:04
And each classroom has
at least one skylight.
at least one skylight.
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Katrā mācību telpā
ir vismaz viens jumta logs.
ir vismaz viens jumta logs.
06:09
And this is where Santa Claus
comes down at the time of Christmas.
comes down at the time of Christmas.
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Un pa šejieni Ziemassvētkos
laižas lejā Ziemassvētku vecītis.
laižas lejā Ziemassvētku vecītis.
06:19
This is the annex building,
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Šī ir piebūve
06:21
right next to that
oval-shaped kindergarten.
oval-shaped kindergarten.
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blakus ovālajai bērnudārza ēkai.
06:26
The building is only
five meters tall with seven floors.
five meters tall with seven floors.
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Ēka ir tikai 5 metrus augsta,
bet tai ir 7 stāvi.
bet tai ir 7 stāvi.
06:31
And of course,
the ceiling height is very low.
the ceiling height is very low.
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Protams, griesti ir ļoti zemi
06:33
So you have to consider safety.
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tāpēc jādomā par drošību.
06:38
So, we put our children,
a daughter and a son.
a daughter and a son.
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Mēs izmēģinājām ar mūsu bērniem:
meitu un dēlu.
meitu un dēlu.
06:43
They tried to go in.
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Viņi mēģināja rāpties.
06:47
He hit his head.
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Viņš sasita galvu.
06:51
He's okay. His skull is quite strong.
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Viss kārtībā. Viņam ir stiprs galvaskauss.
06:55
He is resilient. It's my son.
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Viņš ir izturīgs. Mans dēls.
06:58
(Laughter)
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(Smiekli)
07:01
And he is trying to see
if it is safe to jump off.
if it is safe to jump off.
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Un viņš skatās, vai lekt lejā ir droši.
07:05
And then we put other children.
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Un tad mēs ielaidām citus bērnus.
07:12
The traffic jam is awful
in Tokyo, as you know.
in Tokyo, as you know.
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Tokijā, kā jau zināt,
ir šausmīgi sastrēgumi.
ir šausmīgi sastrēgumi.
07:15
(Laughter)
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(Smiekli)
07:16
The driver in front,
she needs to learn how to drive.
she needs to learn how to drive.
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Priekšā braucošais autovadītājs
ir ļoti nemākulīgs.
ir ļoti nemākulīgs.
07:21
Now these days,
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Mūsu laikos
07:23
kids need a small dosage of danger.
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bērniem vajadzīgas briesmas
nelielās devās.
nelielās devās.
07:30
And in this kind of occasion,
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Šādos apstākļos
07:33
they learn to help each other.
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tie mācās viens otram palīdzēt.
07:37
This is society. This is the kind of
opportunity we are losing these days.
opportunity we are losing these days.
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Šī ir sabiedrība. Šādas iespējas
mūsu laikos kļūst aizvien retākas.
mūsu laikos kļūst aizvien retākas.
07:48
Now, this drawing is showing
the movement of a boy
the movement of a boy
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Šajā zīmējumā parādīts zēna kustības ceļš
07:54
between 9:10 and 9:30.
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no 9.10 līdz 9.30.
08:01
And the circumference
of this building is 183 meters.
of this building is 183 meters.
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Šīs ēkas apkārtmērs ir 183 metri.
08:07
So it's not exactly small at all.
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Tātad tā nav gluži maza.
08:11
And this boy did 6,000 meters
in the morning.
in the morning.
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Šis zēns no rīta ir veicis 6 kilometrus.
08:15
But the surprise is yet to come.
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Bet pārsteidzošākais vēl tikai būs:
08:19
The children in this kindergarten
do 4,000 meters on average.
do 4,000 meters on average.
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Bērni šajā bērnudārzā veic vidēji 4 km.
08:27
And these children have
the highest athletic abilities
the highest athletic abilities
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Šie bērni ir daudz sportiskāki,
08:34
among many kindergartens.
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salīdzinot ar citiem bērnudārziem.
08:43
The principal says,
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Direktors saka:
08:45
"I don't train them.
We leave them on top of the roof.
We leave them on top of the roof.
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„Es viņus netrenēju.
Mēs viņus palaižam uz jumta.
Mēs viņus palaižam uz jumta.
08:51
Just like sheep."
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Gluži kā aitu baru.”
08:52
(Laughter)
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(Smiekli)
08:54
They keep running.
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Viņi visu laiku skrien.
08:56
(Laughter)
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(Smiekli)
08:58
My point is don't control them,
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Mana doma ir nekontrolēt tos,
09:03
don't protect them too much,
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pārmēru neaizsargāt,
09:07
and they need to tumble sometimes.
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un viņiem šad tad arī jāklūp.
09:10
They need to get some injury.
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Viņiem jāgūst kādas skrambas.
09:14
And that makes them learn
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Un tas viņiem liek mācīties
09:17
how to live in this world.
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kā šajā pasaulē dzīvot.
09:23
I think architecture is capable
of changing this world,
of changing this world,
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Manuprāt, arhitektūra
ir spējīga mainīt pasauli
ir spējīga mainīt pasauli
09:31
and people's lives.
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un cilvēku dzīvi.
09:33
And this is one of the attempts
to change the lives of children.
to change the lives of children.
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Un šis ir viens no mēģinājumiem
mainīt bērnu dzīvi.
mainīt bērnu dzīvi.
09:40
Thank you very much.
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Liels paldies.
09:42
(Applause)
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(Aplausi)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Takaharu Tezuka - ArchitectArchitect Takaharu Tezuka creates imaginative and versatile personal spaces.
Why you should listen
Takaharu Tezuka and his wife Yui make up Tezuka Architects. Together they have built schools centered on trees, play areas created from interwoven wooden beams and hospitals that offer patients the healing gifts of joyous light and space. It is this same breathtaking light and space, sketched out with clean lines of wood, metal and glass, that are the hallmarks of each of Tezuka’s projects. Since establishing the firm in 1994, Tezuka and his team have created buildings that transform mere walls and windows into living — and livable — art.
More profile about the speakerTakaharu Tezuka | Speaker | TED.com