TEDxKyoto
Takaharu Tezuka: The best kindergarten you’ve ever seen
Takaharu Tezuka: Najbolji vrtić koji ste ikada videli
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U ovoj školi u Tokiju, petogodišnjaci stvaraju gužve u saobraćaju i prozori služe da se Deda Mraz popne. Upoznajte najslađi vrtić na svetu kojeg je dizajnirao arhitekta Takaharu Tezuka. U ovom šarmantnom govoru, on nas vodi kroz proces dizajniranja koji zaista dopušta deci da budu deca.
Takaharu Tezuka - Architect
Architect Takaharu Tezuka creates imaginative and versatile personal spaces. Full bio
Architect Takaharu Tezuka creates imaginative and versatile personal spaces. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:18
This is a kindergarten
we designed in 2007.
we designed in 2007.
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Ovo je vrtić koji smo dizajnirali
2007. godine.
2007. godine.
00:22
We made this kindergarten
to be a circle.
to be a circle.
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Napravili smo ovaj vrtić
tako da bude kružnog oblika.
tako da bude kružnog oblika.
00:26
It's a kind of endless circulation
on top of the roof.
on top of the roof.
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Kao da postoji beskonačna cirkulacija
na vrhu krova.
na vrhu krova.
00:29
If you are a parent,
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Ako ste roditelj,
00:31
you know that kids love
to keep making circles.
to keep making circles.
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znate da deca vole
da stalno prave krugove.
da stalno prave krugove.
00:36
This is how the rooftop looks.
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Evo kako izgleda krov.
00:39
And why did we design this?
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A zašto smo dizajnirali ovo?
00:41
The principal of this kindergarten said,
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Direktor ovog vrtića je rekao:
00:44
"No, I don't want a handrail."
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"Ne, ne želim ogradu."
00:47
I said, "It's impossible."
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Rekao sam: "To je nemoguće."
00:49
But he insisted: "How about having a net
sticking out from the edge of the roof?
sticking out from the edge of the roof?
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Ali je insistirao: "Kako bi bilo
da imamo mrežu koja viri sa ivice krova?
da imamo mrežu koja viri sa ivice krova?
00:55
So that it can catch
the children falling off?"
the children falling off?"
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Tako da može da uhvati decu ako padnu?"
00:57
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
00:59
I said, "It's impossible."
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Rekao sam: "To je nemoguće."
01:01
And of course,
the government official said,
the government official said,
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I naravno, državni zvaničnik je rekao:
01:04
"Of course you have to have a handrail."
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"Naravno da morate da imate ogradu."
01:10
But we could keep
that idea around the trees.
that idea around the trees.
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Ali možemo da zadržimo tu ideju za drveće.
01:13
There are three trees popping through.
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Tri drveta se tu pomaljaju.
01:17
And we were allowed to call
this rope as a handrail.
this rope as a handrail.
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I dozvoljeno nam je
da nazovemo ovaj konopac ogradom.
da nazovemo ovaj konopac ogradom.
01:22
But of course, rope has nothing
to do with them.
to do with them.
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Ali naravno,
konopac nema nikakve veze sa njima.
konopac nema nikakve veze sa njima.
01:26
They fall into the net.
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Oni upadaju u mrežu.
01:29
And you get more,
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I imate ih još,
01:32
and more,
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i još,
01:35
more.
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još.
01:36
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
01:37
Sometimes 40 children
are around a tree.
are around a tree.
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Ponekad bude 40 dece oko drveta.
01:43
The boy on the branch,
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Dečak na grani
01:44
he loves the tree
so he is eating the tree.
so he is eating the tree.
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toliko voli drvo da ga jede.
01:47
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
01:50
And at the time of an event,
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A u vreme nekog dešavanja,
01:52
they sit on the edge.
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sede na ivici.
01:56
It looks so nice from underneath.
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To izgleda tako lepo odozdo.
01:58
Monkeys in the zoo.
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Majmuni u zoo vrtu.
02:00
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
02:04
Feeding time.
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Vreme za hranjenje.
02:06
(Laughter)
(Applause)
(Applause)
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(Smeh) (Aplauz)
02:12
And we made the roof as low as possible,
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Napravili smo krov
što je bilo moguće niže,
što je bilo moguće niže,
02:15
because we wanted to see
children on top of the roof,
children on top of the roof,
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jer smo hteli da vidimo decu na krovu,
02:19
not only underneath the roof.
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ne samo ispod krova.
02:22
And if the roof is too high,
you see only the ceiling.
you see only the ceiling.
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Ako je krov previše visoko,
vidi se samo plafon.
vidi se samo plafon.
02:27
And the leg washing place --
there are many kinds of water taps.
there are many kinds of water taps.
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Mesto za pranje nogu -
ima mnogo vrsta česama.
ima mnogo vrsta česama.
02:32
You see with the flexible tubes,
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Vidite ove sa savitljivim crevima,
02:34
you want to spray water
to your friends,
to your friends,
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poželite da isprskate vodom
svoje prijatelje,
svoje prijatelje,
02:37
and the shower,
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i tuš,
02:39
and the one in front is quite normal.
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a ovaj ispred je prilično normalan.
02:41
But if you look at this,
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Ali ako pogledate ovo,
02:43
the boy is not washing his boots,
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dečak ne pere svoje čizme,
02:44
he's putting water into his boots.
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on sipa vodu u svoje čizme.
02:46
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
02:53
This kindergarten is completely
open, most of the year.
open, most of the year.
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Ovaj vrtić je potpuno otvoren,
većim delom godine.
većim delom godine.
02:59
And there is no boundary
between inside and outside.
between inside and outside.
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I nema granica između unutra i napolju.
03:03
So it means basically
this architecture is a roof.
this architecture is a roof.
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To u suštini znači
da je ova arhitektura krov.
da je ova arhitektura krov.
03:07
And also there is no boundary
between classrooms.
between classrooms.
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Takođe, ne postoje granice
između učionica.
između učionica.
03:11
So there is no acoustic barrier at all.
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Tako da uopšte ne postoji
ni akustična granica.
ni akustična granica.
03:15
When you put many children in a quiet box,
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Kada stavite mnogo dece u tihu kutiju,
03:21
some of them get really nervous.
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neki od njih se stvarno unervoze.
03:24
But in this kindergarten,
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Ali u ovom vrtiću,
03:26
there is no reason they get nervous.
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nema razloga da se unervoze.
03:30
Because there is no boundary.
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Jer nema granica.
03:33
And the principal says
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Direktor kaže
03:35
if the boy in the corner
doesn't want to stay in the room,
doesn't want to stay in the room,
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da ako dečak u ćošku
ne želi da ostane u sobi,
ne želi da ostane u sobi,
03:39
we let him go.
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pustimo ga.
03:41
He will come back eventually,
because it's a circle, it comes back.
because it's a circle, it comes back.
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Vratiće se na kraju jer je to krug,
vraća se.
vraća se.
03:44
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
03:48
But the point is,
in that kind of occasion,
in that kind of occasion,
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Ali poenta je, u takvim situacijama,
03:51
usually children try to hide somewhere.
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obično deca pokušaju da se negde sakriju.
03:54
But here, just they leave and come back.
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Ali ovde samo odu i vrate se.
03:58
It's a natural process.
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To je prirodan proces.
04:00
And secondly, we consider
noise very important.
noise very important.
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A drugo, smatramo
da je buka veoma važna.
da je buka veoma važna.
04:07
You know that children
sleep better in noise.
sleep better in noise.
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Znate da deca bolje spavaju kada je bučno.
04:14
They don't sleep in a quiet space.
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Oni ne spavaju na tihom mestu.
04:17
And in this kindergarten,
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U ovom vrtiću,
04:20
these children show
amazing concentration in class.
amazing concentration in class.
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ova deca pokazuju
neverovatnu koncentraciju na času.
neverovatnu koncentraciju na času.
04:27
And you know, our kind grew up
in the jungle with noise.
in the jungle with noise.
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Znate, naša vrsta je odrasla
uz buku u džungli.
uz buku u džungli.
04:33
They need noise.
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Potrebna im je buka.
04:35
And you know, you can talk
to your friends in a noisy bar.
to your friends in a noisy bar.
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I znate, možete da pričate
sa svojim prijateljima u bučnom kafiću.
sa svojim prijateljima u bučnom kafiću.
04:39
You are not supposed to be in silence.
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Ne treba da budete u tišini.
04:43
And you know, these days
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I znate, u današnje vreme
04:46
we are trying to make
everything under control.
everything under control.
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pokušavamo da sve držimo
pod kontrolom.
pod kontrolom.
04:52
You know, it's completely open.
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Znate, potpuno je otvoreno.
04:54
And you should know that
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I treba da znate
04:57
we can go skiing in -20 degrees in winter.
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da možemo da idemo na skijanje zimi
na -20 stepeni.
na -20 stepeni.
05:02
In summer you go swimming.
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Leti idete na plivanje.
05:05
The sand is 50 degrees.
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Pesak ima 50 stepeni.
05:08
And also, you should know
that you are waterproof.
that you are waterproof.
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I takođe treba da znate
da ste vodootporni.
da ste vodootporni.
05:12
You never melt in rain.
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Nikada se nećete otopiti na kiši.
05:15
So, children are supposed to be outside.
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Dakle, deca treba da budu napolju.
05:19
So that is how we should treat them.
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I tako treba da ih tretiramo.
05:22
This is how they divide classrooms.
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Ovako su podeljene učionice.
05:24
They are supposed to help teachers.
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Oni bi trebalo da pomažu učiteljima.
05:27
They don't.
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Ne pomažu im.
05:29
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
05:35
I didn't put him in.
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Nisam ga ja stavio unutra.
05:39
A classroom.
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Učionica.
05:42
And a washbasin.
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I lavabo.
05:44
They talk to each other around the well.
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Pričaju međusobno oko bunara.
05:49
And there are always
some trees in the classroom.
some trees in the classroom.
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I uvek ima drveća u učionici.
05:55
A monkey trying to fish
another monkey from above.
another monkey from above.
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Majmun koji pokušava da upeca
drugog majmuna odozgo.
drugog majmuna odozgo.
05:59
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
06:01
Monkeys.
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Majmuni.
06:02
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
06:04
And each classroom has
at least one skylight.
at least one skylight.
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I svaka učionica ima
makar jedan svetlarnik.
makar jedan svetlarnik.
06:09
And this is where Santa Claus
comes down at the time of Christmas.
comes down at the time of Christmas.
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Ovde dolazi Deda Mraz u vreme Božića.
06:19
This is the annex building,
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Ovo je aneks zgrada,
06:21
right next to that
oval-shaped kindergarten.
oval-shaped kindergarten.
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odmah pored ovalnog vrtića.
06:26
The building is only
five meters tall with seven floors.
five meters tall with seven floors.
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Zgrada je visoka svega pet metara
sa sedam spratova.
sa sedam spratova.
06:31
And of course,
the ceiling height is very low.
the ceiling height is very low.
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Naravno, plafoni su veoma niski.
06:33
So you have to consider safety.
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Tako da morate
da uzmete u obzir bezbednost.
da uzmete u obzir bezbednost.
06:38
So, we put our children,
a daughter and a son.
a daughter and a son.
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Ubacili smo našu decu, ćerku i sina.
06:43
They tried to go in.
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Pokušali su da uđu.
06:47
He hit his head.
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On je udario glavu.
06:51
He's okay. His skull is quite strong.
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Dobro mu je. Lobanja mu je prilično jaka.
06:55
He is resilient. It's my son.
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Otporan je. To je moj sin.
06:58
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
07:01
And he is trying to see
if it is safe to jump off.
if it is safe to jump off.
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I pokušava da vidi
da li je bezbedno skočiti dole.
da li je bezbedno skočiti dole.
07:05
And then we put other children.
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A onda smo ubacili i drugu decu.
07:12
The traffic jam is awful
in Tokyo, as you know.
in Tokyo, as you know.
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Saobraćajne gužve su užasne u Tokiju,
kao što znate.
kao što znate.
07:15
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
07:16
The driver in front,
she needs to learn how to drive.
she needs to learn how to drive.
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Vozač napred,
ona treba da nauči kako se vozi.
ona treba da nauči kako se vozi.
07:21
Now these days,
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U današnje vreme,
07:23
kids need a small dosage of danger.
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deci je potrebna mala doza opasnosti.
07:30
And in this kind of occasion,
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I u takvim situacijama,
07:33
they learn to help each other.
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oni uče da pomažu jedni drugima.
07:37
This is society. This is the kind of
opportunity we are losing these days.
opportunity we are losing these days.
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Ovo je društvo. Ovo je prilika
kakvu propuštamo danas.
kakvu propuštamo danas.
07:48
Now, this drawing is showing
the movement of a boy
the movement of a boy
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Ovaj crtež pokazuje kretanje dečaka
07:54
between 9:10 and 9:30.
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između 9:10 i 9:30.
08:01
And the circumference
of this building is 183 meters.
of this building is 183 meters.
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A obim ove zgrade je 183 metara.
08:07
So it's not exactly small at all.
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Dakle, i nije baš mala.
08:11
And this boy did 6,000 meters
in the morning.
in the morning.
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Ovaj dečak je prešao 6000 metara ujutru.
08:15
But the surprise is yet to come.
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Ali iznenađenje tek sledi.
08:19
The children in this kindergarten
do 4,000 meters on average.
do 4,000 meters on average.
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Deca u ovom vrtiću u proseku
pređu 4000 metara.
pređu 4000 metara.
08:27
And these children have
the highest athletic abilities
the highest athletic abilities
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Ta deca imaju najveće atletske sposobnosti
08:34
among many kindergartens.
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među mnogim predškolcima.
08:43
The principal says,
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Direktor kaže:
08:45
"I don't train them.
We leave them on top of the roof.
We leave them on top of the roof.
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"Ne treniram ih. Ostavimo ih na krovu.
08:51
Just like sheep."
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Baš kao ovce."
08:52
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
08:54
They keep running.
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Oni stalno trče.
08:56
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
08:58
My point is don't control them,
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Moja poenta je: ne kontrolišite ih,
09:03
don't protect them too much,
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nemojte ih štititi previše,
09:07
and they need to tumble sometimes.
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i ponekad moraju da padnu.
09:10
They need to get some injury.
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Moraju da imaju poneku povredu.
09:14
And that makes them learn
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Tako uče
09:17
how to live in this world.
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kako živeti u ovom svetu.
09:23
I think architecture is capable
of changing this world,
of changing this world,
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Smatram da je arhitektura u stanju
da promeni svet
da promeni svet
09:31
and people's lives.
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i živote ljudi.
09:33
And this is one of the attempts
to change the lives of children.
to change the lives of children.
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Ovo je jedan od pokušaja
menjanja života dece.
menjanja života dece.
09:40
Thank you very much.
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Hvala vam mnogo.
09:42
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Takaharu Tezuka - ArchitectArchitect Takaharu Tezuka creates imaginative and versatile personal spaces.
Why you should listen
Takaharu Tezuka and his wife Yui make up Tezuka Architects. Together they have built schools centered on trees, play areas created from interwoven wooden beams and hospitals that offer patients the healing gifts of joyous light and space. It is this same breathtaking light and space, sketched out with clean lines of wood, metal and glass, that are the hallmarks of each of Tezuka’s projects. Since establishing the firm in 1994, Tezuka and his team have created buildings that transform mere walls and windows into living — and livable — art.
More profile about the speakerTakaharu Tezuka | Speaker | TED.com