TEDSummit
Joe Lassiter: We need nuclear power to solve climate change
喬伊·拉西特: 我們需要核能來解決氣候變遷問題
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喬伊·拉西特（Joe Lassiter）是一位深度思想者兼直言者，專注乾淨、安全、碳平衡、可靠、低成本能量設備的發展。他在世界能源現況分析報告中，對目前相當棘手的核能發電問題提出了相當深度的看法，其中包括比石化燃料還要經濟實惠的發電廠的新設計。拉西特說，我們有潛力可以讓核能發電比以前更安全且更便宜。現在我們必須做出選擇盡快趕上。
Joe Lassiter - Energy scholar
Joe Lassiter focuses on one of the world’s most pressing problems: developing clean, secure and carbon-neutral supplies of reliable, low-cost energy all around the world. Full bio
Joe Lassiter focuses on one of the world’s most pressing problems: developing clean, secure and carbon-neutral supplies of reliable, low-cost energy all around the world. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
It's easy to forget that last night,
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有件事很容易被人們遺忘——
00:16
one billion people went to sleep
without access to electricity.
without access to electricity.
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就是昨晚仍有10億人口
在就寢前沒有電力可以使用。
在就寢前沒有電力可以使用。
十億人口。
00:20
One billion people.
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00:22
Two and a half billion people
did not have access to clean cooking fuels
did not have access to clean cooking fuels
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有 25 億人口沒有乾淨的烹飪燃料
00:27
or clean heating fuels.
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或乾淨的暖氣燃料可用。
00:30
Those are the problems
in the developing world.
in the developing world.
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這些是開發中國家的問題。
00:32
And it's easy for us not to be empathetic
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而我們似乎也不太同情那些
00:35
with those people
who seem so distanced from us.
who seem so distanced from us.
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離我們這麼遙遠的人們。
00:38
But even in our own world,
the developed world,
the developed world,
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但即使是在我們的世界——發達的世界，
00:41
we see the tension of stagnant economies
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我們仍會看到因為經濟不景氣
00:45
impacting the lives of people around us.
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對我們周遭人生活所造成的影響。
00:48
We see it in whole pieces of the economy,
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我們可以看到他們受各種景氣的影響，
00:51
where the people involved
have lost hope about the future
have lost hope about the future
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在這樣的背景下，人們對未來不抱希望，
00:55
and despair about the present.
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對目前現狀也相當失望。
00:57
We see that in the Brexit vote.
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我們在英國脫歐看到了這種現象。
00:59
We see that in the Sanders/Trump
campaigns in my own country.
campaigns in my own country.
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我們在自己國家的總統大選
也看到了這種現象。
也看到了這種現象。
01:03
But even in countries as recently
turning the corner
turning the corner
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但即使是最近正要從
發展中國家轉變成
發展中國家轉變成
01:08
towards being in the developed world,
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發達國家的——
01:10
in China,
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中國，
01:11
we see the difficulty
that President Xi has
that President Xi has
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我們也看到習主席也相當為難，
01:14
as he begins to un-employ so many people
in his coal and mining industries
in his coal and mining industries
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他也開始在煤礦及
採礦產業解雇了很多
採礦產業解雇了很多
01:20
who see no future for themselves.
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看不到自己未來的礦工。
01:23
As we as a society
figure out how to manage
figure out how to manage
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即使我們的社會已經知道如何管理
01:26
the problems of the developed world
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發達國家的問題
01:28
and the problems of the developing world,
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以及發展中國家的問題，
01:30
we have to look at how we move forward
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我們仍得仔細想想要如何更進一步的
01:33
and manage the environmental impact
of those decisions.
of those decisions.
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管理這些決定所帶給環境的影響。
01:37
We've been working on this problem
for 25 years, since Rio,
for 25 years, since Rio,
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自從里約的《京都議定書》後，
01:40
the Kyoto Protocols.
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我們已經在這個議題上努力了25年。
01:43
Our most recent move is the Paris treaty,
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我們最近的活動是在
巴黎的全球氣候大會協議，
巴黎的全球氣候大會協議，
01:46
and the resulting climate agreements
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最後的協議書
01:49
that are being ratified
by nations around the world.
by nations around the world.
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已經被世界各國所簽署認可。
01:52
I think we can be very hopeful
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我想，我們都很期待
01:54
that those agreements,
which are bottom-up agreements,
which are bottom-up agreements,
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這些協議，這些由下而上
01:57
where nations have said
what they think they can do,
what they think they can do,
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由各國政府所承諾的協議，
02:00
are genuine and forthcoming
for the vast majority of the parties.
for the vast majority of the parties.
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能真正的實現並為所有人帶來利益。
02:04
The unfortunate thing
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不幸的是，
02:07
is that now, as we look
at the independent analyses
at the independent analyses
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當我們仔細觀察獨立分析報告裡面
02:10
of what those climate treaties
are liable to yield,
are liable to yield,
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這些氣候協定有哪些盲點時，
02:15
the magnitude of the problem
before us becomes clear.
before us becomes clear.
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一大堆問題就會一一浮現眼前。
02:18
This is the United States
Energy Information Agency's assessment
Energy Information Agency's assessment
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這是美國能源資訊
評估委員會的評估報告，
評估委員會的評估報告，
02:23
of what will happen if the countries
implement the climate commitments
implement the climate commitments
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報告中說明了在巴黎氣候大會上
那些發表承諾的國家，
那些發表承諾的國家，
如果從現在起到2040年，
都執行了他們所說的事
都執行了他們所說的事
02:28
that they've made in Paris
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02:30
between now and 2040.
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那會有甚麼事發生。
02:33
It shows basically CO2 emissions
around the world
around the world
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這份報告基本上告訴了我們，
未來30年全球的碳排狀況。
02:37
over the next 30 years.
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02:40
There are three things that you need
to look at and appreciate.
to look at and appreciate.
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有三件事，各位要特別注意：
02:44
One, CO2 emissions are expected
to continue to grow
to continue to grow
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第一，未來三十年，
碳排預計仍會持續增長。
02:48
for the next 30 years.
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02:51
In order to control climate,
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為了要控制氣候，
02:54
CO2 emissions have to literally go to zero
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碳排幾乎必須要達到「零排放」，
02:57
because it's the cumulative emissions
that drive heating on the planet.
that drive heating on the planet.
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因為二氧化碳會積累，
它主導了地球的溫度。
它主導了地球的溫度。
03:02
This should tell you that we are losing
the race to fossil fuels.
the race to fossil fuels.
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這說明了，我們的石化燃料競賽
根本是個錯誤。
根本是個錯誤。
03:07
The second thing you should notice
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第二，各位要明白：
03:09
is that the bulk of the growth
comes from the developing countries,
comes from the developing countries,
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主要的增長來源是來自開發中國家，
03:13
from China, from India,
from the rest of the world,
from the rest of the world,
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像是，中國、印度，還有其它國家，
03:16
which includes South Africa
and Indonesia and Brazil,
and Indonesia and Brazil,
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包括南非、印尼、巴西，
03:21
as most of these countries
move their people
move their people
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當大部分這些國家把他們的人民
03:24
into the lower range of lifestyles
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帶往了一個更低水準的生活的同時，
03:27
that we literally take for granted
in the developed world.
in the developed world.
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在發達國家的我們卻認為
這是理所當然的必經過程。
這是理所當然的必經過程。
03:32
The final thing that you should notice
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最後一件各位必須注意的是：
03:34
is that each year,
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我們每一年，
03:37
about 10 gigatons of carbon are getting
added to the planet's atmosphere,
added to the planet's atmosphere,
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大約有100億噸的碳
會排入地球的大氣層中，
會排入地球的大氣層中，
03:44
and then diffusing into the ocean
and into the land.
and into the land.
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之後溶入到海洋及大地裡。
03:48
That's on top of the 550 gigatons
that are in place today.
that are in place today.
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這些會附加到目前存在地球
5500億噸的碳存量上。
5500億噸的碳存量上。
03:54
At the end of 30 years,
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30年後，
03:55
we will have put 850 gigatons
of carbon into the air,
of carbon into the air,
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我們的空氣中將有8500億噸的碳，
04:01
and that probably goes a long way
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所以要把地球表面的上升溫度
04:03
towards locking in a 2-4 degree C increase
in global mean surface temperatures,
in global mean surface temperatures,
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控制在2~4度C內，那可能比登天還難，
04:10
locking in ocean acidification
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還有控制海洋酸化、
04:13
and locking in sea level rise.
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控制海平面上升亦是百般困難。
04:16
Now, this is a projection made by men
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這是人類造成的結果、
04:20
by the actions of society,
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社會造成的結果、
04:22
and it's ours to change, not to accept.
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我們必須改變，不能接受。
04:25
But the magnitude of the problem
is something we need to appreciate.
is something we need to appreciate.
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但我們還有很多問題要釐清。
04:30
Different nations make
different energy choices.
different energy choices.
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不同的國家有不同的能源選擇。
04:33
It's a function
of their natural resources.
of their natural resources.
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取決於他們的天然資源的功能，
04:35
It's a function of their climate.
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一種氣候的功能。
04:37
It's a function of the development path
that they've followed as a society.
that they've followed as a society.
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這是他們社會通往
發展道路上的方式。
發展道路上的方式。
04:42
It's a function of where
on the surface of the planet they are.
on the surface of the planet they are.
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這條方程式，取決於他們位於
地球表面的哪一個位置。
地球表面的哪一個位置。
04:46
Are they where it's dark
a lot of the time,
a lot of the time,
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他們是否長時間處於黑暗狀態
04:48
or are they at the mid-latitudes?
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或是他們位於中緯度？
04:50
Many, many, many things
go into the choices of countries,
go into the choices of countries,
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有很多方式可以讓各國選擇，
04:55
and they each make a different choice.
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而每個國家都有不同的選擇。
04:58
The overwhelming thing
that we need to appreciate
that we need to appreciate
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有件擋不住的事，我們需要了解，
05:02
is the choice that China has made.
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那就是中國所做出的選擇。
05:04
China has made the choice,
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中國已經做出選擇，
05:07
and will make the choice, to run on coal.
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他們將選擇繼續燒煤。
05:10
The United States has an alternative.
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美國自己有替代方案，
05:12
It can run on natural gas
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可以選擇天然氣，
05:14
as a result of the inventions
of fracking and shale gas,
of fracking and shale gas,
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因為我們有水力壓裂技術
及頁岩氣的探勘技術。
05:18
which we have here.
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05:19
They provide an alternative.
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它們提供了替代方案。
05:22
The OECD Europe has a choice.
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歐洲的經濟合作發展組織
也做了選擇。
也做了選擇。
05:25
It has renewables that it can afford
to deploy in Germany
to deploy in Germany
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德國選擇再生能源，
05:28
because it's rich enough
to afford to do it.
to afford to do it.
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因為他們有錢可以支付做這件事。
05:31
The French and the British
show interest in nuclear power.
show interest in nuclear power.
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法國及英國對核能發電很有興趣。
05:37
Eastern Europe, still very heavily
committed to natural gas and to coal,
committed to natural gas and to coal,
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東歐對天然氣及煤礦仍相當依賴，
05:42
and with natural gas
that comes from Russia,
that comes from Russia,
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提到天然氣，就會想到俄羅斯，
05:45
with all of its entanglements.
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它跟周遭國家一直糾纏不清。
05:47
China has many fewer choices
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中國的選擇比較少，
05:50
and a much harder row to hoe.
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而且困難重重。
05:53
If you look at China, and you ask yourself
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如果你仔細觀察中國，你也許會問，
05:56
why has coal been important to it,
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為什麼煤礦對中國這麼重要？
05:58
you have to remember what China's done.
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你必須回想中國的發展軌跡。
06:01
China brought people to power,
not power to people.
not power to people.
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中國帶給人民的是權力，
而不是電力。
而不是電力。
06:05
It didn't do rural electrification.
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他們不發展農村電力。
06:08
It urbanized.
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他們全力發展城市化。
06:09
It urbanized by taking low-cost labor
and low-cost energy,
and low-cost energy,
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低成本的勞力及低成本的能源，
促成了都市化的發展，
促成了都市化的發展，
06:14
creating export industries
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造成出口產業的
06:16
that could fund a tremendous
amount of growth.
amount of growth.
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大幅度成長。
06:19
If we look at China's path,
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如果各位觀察中國的發展軌跡，
06:21
all of us know that prosperity in China
has dramatically increased.
has dramatically increased.
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大家都知道，中國的繁榮
成長地相當快速。
成長地相當快速。
06:26
In 1980, 80 percent of China's population
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在1980年代，有將近80%的中國人
06:31
lived below the extreme poverty level,
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生活在極度貧窮線以下。
06:34
below the level of having
$1.90 per person per day.
$1.90 per person per day.
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平均每人每天賺的
竟低於1.9美金的水準。
竟低於1.9美金的水準。
06:38
By the year 2000, only 20 percent
of China's population
of China's population
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但到了2000年，只剩下20%的中國人
06:44
lived below the extreme poverty level --
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生活在極度貧窮線之下——
06:47
a remarkable feat,
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相當了不起的政績，
06:49
admittedly, with some costs
in civil liberties
in civil liberties
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誠然，這是犧牲了
一些人民的自由換來的，
一些人民的自由換來的，
06:52
that would be tough to accept
in the Western world.
in the Western world.
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這在西方世界裡是不可能被接受的。
06:56
But the impact of all that wealth
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但這樣的財富增長
06:59
allowed people to get
massively better nutrition.
massively better nutrition.
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讓人民大量獲得了更好的營養。
07:03
It allowed water pipes to be placed.
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地下水管得以建設、
07:06
It allowed sewage pipes to be placed,
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衛生下水道得以建設、
07:08
dramatic decrease in diarrheal diseases,
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大量減少了腹瀉的疾病，
07:12
at the cost of some outdoor air pollution.
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而這些卻是用空氣汙染換來的。
07:16
But in 1980, and even today,
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但在1980年代，甚至到目前為止，
07:18
the number one killer in China
is indoor air pollution,
is indoor air pollution,
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中國的頭號殺手，
竟是室內的空氣汙染，
竟是室內的空氣汙染，
07:22
because people do not have access
to clean cooking and heating fuels.
to clean cooking and heating fuels.
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因為人民沒有乾淨的烹飪
及暖氣燃料可用。
及暖氣燃料可用。
07:28
In fact, in 2040,
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事實上，在2040年，
07:31
it's still estimated
that 200 million people in China
that 200 million people in China
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預估仍有二億的中國人口
07:36
will not have access
to clean cooking fuels.
to clean cooking fuels.
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沒有乾淨的烹飪燃料可用。
07:41
They have a remarkable path to follow.
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他們仍有相當艱辛的一段路要走。
07:44
India also needs to meet the needs
of its own people,
of its own people,
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印度也需要滿足人民的需求，
07:49
and it's going to do that by burning coal.
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他們也準備用燃煤的方式來進行。
07:52
When we look at the EIA's projections
of coal burning in India,
of coal burning in India,
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當我們仔細觀察印度燃煤的
環境影響評估，就會發現
環境影響評估，就會發現
07:58
India will supply nearly four times
as much of its energy from coal
as much of its energy from coal
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印度未來對燃煤的需求
是再生能源的四倍。
08:03
as it will from renewables.
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08:06
It's not because they don't know
the alternatives;
the alternatives;
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並不是因為他們不知道
替代能源方案；
替代能源方案；
08:09
it's because rich countries
can do what they choose,
can do what they choose,
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是因為富裕國家可以自由選擇，
08:14
poor countries do what they must.
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而貧窮國家只能被迫選擇。
08:18
So what can we do to stop
coal's emissions in time?
coal's emissions in time?
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所以，我們要如何及時的
停止燃煤的排放？
停止燃煤的排放？
08:22
What can we do that changes
this forecast that's in front of us?
this forecast that's in front of us?
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我們有沒有辦法可以改善
眼前的預測結果？
眼前的預測結果？
08:27
Because it's a forecast that we can change
if we have the will to do it.
if we have the will to do it.
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因為只要我們有意願改變，
我們一定辦的到。
我們一定辦的到。
08:33
First of all, we have to think
about the magnitude of the problem.
about the magnitude of the problem.
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首先，我們必須從大方向來思考。
08:36
Between now and 2040,
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從現在開始到2040年，
08:39
800 to 1,600 new coal plants
are going to be built around the world.
are going to be built around the world.
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全世界即將有800~1600座
燃煤發電廠被建造出來。
燃煤發電廠被建造出來。
08:46
This week, between one and three
one-gigawatt coal plants
one-gigawatt coal plants
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光這個禮拜，世界上就有1~3座
十億瓦特的燃煤發電廠開始運轉。
08:50
are being turned on around the world.
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08:53
That's happening regardless
of what we want,
of what we want,
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不管我們想不想，
這件事就是會發生，
這件事就是會發生，
08:57
because the people
that rule their countries,
that rule their countries,
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因為為了人民著想，
09:00
assessing the interests of their citizens,
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當權者在權衡利益之後，
09:02
have decided it's in the interest
of their citizens to do that.
of their citizens to do that.
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就已經決定要怎麼做了。
09:07
And that's going to happen
unless they have a better alternative.
unless they have a better alternative.
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除非有更好的替代方案，
不然事情擋都擋不住。
不然事情擋都擋不住。
09:11
And every 100 of those plants will use up
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而每100座燃煤發電廠
09:15
between one percent and three percent
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將會耗損1~3%的
09:18
of the Earth's climate budget.
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地球氣候容忍量。
09:21
So every day that you go home
thinking that you should do something
thinking that you should do something
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所以當你每天回家思考
如何在全球暖化議題上有所貢獻時，
09:24
about global warming,
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09:26
at the end of that week, remember:
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記得，在每周結束前：
09:28
somebody fired up a coal plant
that's going to run for 50 years
that's going to run for 50 years
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已經又有人將要開啟
壹座運行50年的發電站
壹座運行50年的發電站
09:32
and take away your ability to change it.
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而這些人就是奪走你
想改變這一切能力的人。
想改變這一切能力的人。
09:37
What we've forgotten is something
that Vinod Khosla used to talk about,
that Vinod Khosla used to talk about,
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我們可能已經忘記，
維諾德·柯斯拉曾說過的，
維諾德·柯斯拉曾說過的，
09:41
a man of Indian ethnicity
but an American venture capitalist.
but an American venture capitalist.
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他是印度裔，但他是一位
美國籍的風險投資家，
美國籍的風險投資家，
09:45
And he said, back in the early 2000s,
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他說，回想2000年初期，
09:48
that if you needed to get
China and India off of fossil fuels,
China and India off of fossil fuels,
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如果你想要讓中國和
印度不使用石化燃料，
印度不使用石化燃料，
09:52
you had to create a technology
that passed the "Chindia test,"
that passed the "Chindia test,"
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那你得創造出一種可以通過
「Chindia測試」的科技，
「Chindia測試」的科技，
09:56
"Chindia" being the appending
of the two words.
of the two words.
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Chindia是中國和印度的縮寫。
09:59
It had to be first of all viable,
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這是他們的首要考量，
10:02
meaning that technically, they could
implement it in their country,
implement it in their country,
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意思就是，這項技術，
可以運用在他們的國家，
可以運用在他們的國家，
10:05
and that it would be accepted
by the people in the country.
by the people in the country.
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且可以被他們的人民接受。
10:10
Two, it had to be a technology
that was scalable,
that was scalable,
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第二，這項技術必須能被規模化，
10:16
that it could deliver the same benefits
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它必須與石化燃料有相同的好處，
10:19
on the same timetable as fossil fuels,
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能及時的傳送所需的能量，
這樣他們才能享受那樣的生活，
我再說一遍，我們認為這是理所當然的。
我再說一遍，我們認為這是理所當然的。
10:23
so that they can enjoy the kind of life,
again, that we take for granted.
again, that we take for granted.
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10:27
And third, it had to be cost-effective
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第三，它必須夠便宜，
10:30
without subsidy or without mandate.
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不用接受補助或受第三方牽制。
10:33
It had to stand on its own two feet;
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必須自給自足；
10:36
it could not be maintained
for that many people
for that many people
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它不能由其他人來維護，
10:40
if in fact, those countries
had to go begging
had to go begging
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如果這樣，他們國家就得求別人，
10:43
or had some foreign country say,
"I won't trade with you,"
"I won't trade with you,"
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或者哪一天被其他國家說，
「我不跟你交易了」，
「我不跟你交易了」，
10:47
in order to get
the technology shift to occur.
the technology shift to occur.
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為了就是讓技術突破能發生。
10:52
If you look at the Chindia test,
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如果我們仔細觀察Chindia測試，
10:53
we simply have not come up
with alternatives that meet that test.
with alternatives that meet that test.
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我們根本找不到符合的可替代方案。
10:58
That's what the EIA forecast tells us.
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這是環境引評估報告中告訴我們的。
11:02
China's building 800 gigawatts of coal,
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中國正在建造8000億瓦的燃煤發電廠
11:06
400 gigawatts of hydro,
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4000億瓦的水力發電廠
11:09
about 200 gigawatts of nuclear,
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2000億瓦的核能發電廠，
11:12
and on an energy-equivalent basis,
adjusting for intermittency,
adjusting for intermittency,
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在能量相等的基礎上，因應跳電的調整，
11:16
about 100 gigawatts of renewables.
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大約還需要1000億瓦的再生能源、
11:19
800 gigawatts of coal.
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8000億瓦的燃媒能源。
11:21
They're doing that, knowing the costs
better than any other country,
better than any other country,
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3552
這樣做的原因是因為他們知道，
他們的成本比其它國家便宜，
他們的成本比其它國家便宜，
11:25
knowing the need better
than any other country.
than any other country.
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知道他們的需求比其它國家還要多。
11:28
But that's what they're aiming for in 2040
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但這就是他們2040年的目標，
11:31
unless we give them a better choice.
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除非我們能給他們一個更好的選擇。
11:34
To give them a better choice,
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要給他們更好的選擇，
11:35
it's going to have to meet
the Chindia test.
the Chindia test.
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還必須符合Chindia測試。
11:38
If you look at all the alternatives
that are out there,
that are out there,
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如果仔細看一下現有的替代方案，
11:40
there are really two
that come near to meeting it.
that come near to meeting it.
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真的只有2個可以符合。
11:43
First is this area of new nuclear
that I'll talk about in just a second.
that I'll talk about in just a second.
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第一個是新核能技術領域，
我稍微談一談。
我稍微談一談。
11:48
It's a new generation of nuclear plants
that are on the drawing boards
that are on the drawing boards
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它是新一代的核能廠，
設計規劃目前正在全世界進行，
11:51
around the world,
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11:52
and the people who are
developing these say
developing these say
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而建造這些技術的人說，
11:55
we can get them
in position to demo by 2025
in position to demo by 2025
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我們可以在2025年建造展示機，
11:59
and to scale by 2030,
if you will just let us.
if you will just let us.
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如果你們願意讓我們做的話，
2030年前可以大規模建置。
2030年前可以大規模建置。
12:03
The second alternative
that could be there in time
that could be there in time
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第二個替代方案可以馬上使用，
12:06
is utility-scale solar
backed up with natural gas,
backed up with natural gas,
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就是現今已經有的
多用途太陽能廠及天然氣做後盾，
12:10
which we can use today,
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12:12
versus the batteries
which are still under development.
which are still under development.
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搭配目前仍在發展的蓄電池。
12:16
So what's holding new nuclear back?
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那麼，是甚麼阻礙了新核能技術的發展？
12:19
Outdated regulations
and yesterday's mindsets.
and yesterday's mindsets.
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過時的法令與老舊的想法。
12:23
We have not used our latest
scientific thinking on radiological health
scientific thinking on radiological health
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我們尚未運用最新的科技
解決放射性的健康問題
解決放射性的健康問題
12:28
to think how we communicate
with the public
with the public
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以及要如何與大眾溝通
12:30
and govern the testing
of new nuclear reactors.
of new nuclear reactors.
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並管理新核能反應爐的測試能力。
12:33
We have new scientific knowledge
that we need to use
that we need to use
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我們有新的科技知識，需要被使用
12:37
in order to improve the way
we regulate nuclear industry.
we regulate nuclear industry.
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才能改進核能產業的規範。
12:42
The second thing is we've got a mindset
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第二件事，就是我們有個大致的想法，
12:45
that it takes 25 years
and 2 to 5 billion dollars
and 2 to 5 billion dollars
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需要花25年，20~50億美金
12:48
to develop a nuclear power plant.
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來發展新的核能電廠技術。
12:49
That comes from the historical,
military mindset
military mindset
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這是來自歷史、軍事方面的知識累積，
12:54
of the places nuclear power came from.
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這些是核能技術的知識來源。
12:57
These new nuclear ventures are saying
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這些新的核能探險家告訴我們
12:59
that they can deliver power
for 5 cents a kilowatt hour;
for 5 cents a kilowatt hour;
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他們只要花5分錢就能產出
1千瓦小時的能量；
1千瓦小時的能量；
13:03
they can deliver it
for 100 gigawatts a year;
for 100 gigawatts a year;
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一年可以產出1000億瓦的能量；
13:06
they can demo it by 2025;
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他們可以在2025年做展示；
13:09
and they can deliver it in scale by 2030,
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2030年規模量產，
13:12
if only we give them a chance.
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如果我們願意給他們機會。
13:16
Right now, we're basically
waiting for a miracle.
waiting for a miracle.
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現在，我們基本上在等一個奇蹟
13:19
What we need is a choice.
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但我們需要的只是個選擇。
13:21
If they can't make it safe,
if they can't make it cheap,
if they can't make it cheap,
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如果他們不能令它安全，
如果他們不能讓它便宜，
如果他們不能讓它便宜，
13:24
it should not be deployed.
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那就不能蓋。
13:26
But what I want you to do
is not carry an idea forward,
is not carry an idea forward,
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但我希望各位要做的是，
不是聽聽就好，
不是聽聽就好，
13:30
but write your leaders,
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而是要寫信給你們的領導人，
13:32
write the head of the NGOs you support,
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寫信給你支持的非政府組織的老大，
13:34
and tell them to give you the choice,
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告訴他們，給你選擇，
不要給你老舊的思維，
13:38
not the past.
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13:39
Thank you very much.
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非常感謝各位。
13:40
(Applause)
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（掌聲）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Joe Lassiter - Energy scholarJoe Lassiter focuses on one of the world’s most pressing problems: developing clean, secure and carbon-neutral supplies of reliable, low-cost energy all around the world.
Why you should listen
As the Senator John Heinz Professor of Management Practice in Environmental Management, Retired and current Senior Fellow at Harvard Business School, Joe Lassiter studies how high-potential ventures attacking the energy problem are being financed and how their innovations are being brought to market in different parts of the world. In the MBA and executive education programs, he teaches about the lessons learned from these ventures as well as potential improvements in business practices, regulation and government policy. Lassiter also supports University-wide efforts as a faculty fellow of the Harvard Environmental Economics Program and a faculty associate of the Harvard University Center for the Environment.
Following a 20-year career leading technology businesses, Lassiter joined HBS in 1996. He has taught courses in entrepreneurial finance, entrepreneurial marketing and innovation in business, energy & environment. For Harvard University, he taught courses in innovation & entrepreneurship to undergraduates, graduate students and post-doctoral fellows across the University and its affiliated hospitals. From its founding in 2010 until 2015, Lassuter was Faculty Chair of the University-wide Harvard Innovation Lab (Harvard i-lab).
Lassiter received his BS, MS, and PhD from MIT and was awarded National Science, Adams and McDermott Fellowships. He was elected to Sigma Xi.
Joe Lassiter | Speaker | TED.com