António Guterres: Refugees have the right to be protected
Антонио Гутерес: Бежанците имат правото да бъдат защитени
António Guterres is at the forefront of advocating for refugee rights around the world. Full bio
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thank you for coming to TED.
Комисар, благодарим Ви, че сте тук в ТЕД.
and migrants arrived in Europe
и емигранти пристигнаха в Европа
but also from Afghanistan
Афганистан
of two different kinds:
and the long-term perspective.
перспектива.
spiked so fast in the last six months?
бежанската вълна се увеличи толкова много?
what triggered this huge increase
причини тово голямо увеличаване
into Europe from Africa, from Asia,
от Африка, от Азия,
we had this massive increase
се получи това драстично увеличение
причина
in relation to Syrians,
clear for people.
по-малко у хората.
to go back home,
върнат у дома,
at the end of the tunnel.
countries have been deteriorating.
влошават.
Световната банка
на училище,
are living very badly.
много зле.
what they have suffered,
изстрадали,
very dramatic conditions.
was when all of a sudden,
беше, когато
for lack of resources,
поради липса на ресурси,
to the Syrian refugees.
на сирийските бежанци.
on international support,
подкрепа,
is abandoning us."
in large numbers
да се движат
enough to do it,
many people is it's not only sudden,
беше не само, че беше неочаквано,
бъде така.
happening for five years.
and villages and towns around Syria.
градчета из Сирия.
about the situation
of a breakdown of Libya, for example,
Либия например
you don't want to recognize the reality.
да осъзнаеш реалността.
the capacity to make them.
the spike occurred,
се появи,
a mechanism to manage the situation.
да се справи със ситуацията.
is 550 million people,
per every 2,000 Europeans.
всеки 2 000 европейци.
per three Lebanese.
ливанеца.
of course, but it's managing.
that could have been managed
справим с това
important thing,
addressing the root causes,
на проблема,
together in solidarity
солидарна,
reception capacity of entry points?
входните точки?
points need to be massively supported,
точки трябва да бъдат много подпомагани,
with security checks
проверки за безопасност
into all European countries,
европейски държави,
of each country.
the relocation program
always too little too late,
винаги прекалено късно,
to receive four thousand.
приеме 4 хиляди.
if it is managed,
контролира,
the pressure is at the point of entry,
напрежението е на входните точки
in this chaotic way through the Balkans,
хаотично през Балканския полуостров,
Sweden, basically, and Austria.
най-общо, и Австрия.
in the end, receiving the refugees.
сметка приемат бежанците.
without doing much.
без да прави много
three questions,
ги направя ясни.
in Europe right now,
is not much, but realistically,
не е много, но погледнато реалистично,
that has no answer,
the right to be protected.
защитени.
as international law,
международно право,
"I take 10,000 and that's finished."
и толкова."
I remember one minister saying,
как един министър каза
up to 100,000 people."
three-hundred thousand
триста хиляди
if you count all refugees.
бежанци.
how many we can take.
колко можем да приемем.
how we can we organize ourselves
можем да се организираме
responsibilities?
because there is no solidarity
няма солидарност
there are many other areas.
има много други сфери.
in which we need more Europe
в който имаме нужда от повече Европа
in European institutions,
на европейските институции,
to convince the public
убедим хората, че имаме нужда
to solve these problems.
решим тези проблеми
shifts, particularly domestically.
политически промени, особено вътре в страните.
and over in many countries:
държави:
and in Switzerland and elsewhere,
because of the numbers,
драстично, заради числата,
in absolute numbers.
стойност.
opening the news every single day,
месеца в началото на новините,
were of hundreds
is taking care of it --
kind of management.
"They are coming to my village."
моето селище."
that Europe was being invaded
идея, че Европа беше завладявана
and everything will --
както и всичко останало--
had been properly managed,
управлявано,
screened at point of entry,
прегледани на входните точки
to different European countries,
различни европейски държави,
a lot of people scared,
които са уплашени
to do the job properly.
справи със задачата си.
management of the situation
ситуацията
of people all over Europe,
из цяла Европа,
the percentage that I mentioned:
за което говорих:
properly managed
контролирани
and of course if you have a village --
вземем едно селище--
Lebanon has been living with that.
Ливан продължава да живее така.
to happen in Europe,
същото в Европа,
more refugees than inhabitants.
повече бежанци отколкото жители.
to do the job properly,
работата добре
to receive people
хора,
were forced to do in the past.
направят в миналото.
situation not only at Europe --
само в Европа--
so, not only at Europe,
само в Европа,
a long list of countries
in the other part --
who's doing the right thing?
правилното нещо?
of the refugees in the world
countries like Ethiopia --
more than 600,000 refugees.
бежанци.
that every refugee should be received.
която всеки бежанец трябва да бъде приет.
welcoming of refugees coming,
приветстващи към идващите бежанци
for borders to be open.
да има отворени граници.
with the Syrian situation,
сирийската ситуация,
into also a major security crisis,
на сигурността,
отворени.
were open for, at the time,
време бяха отворени за
the trend in the developing world
тенденцията в развиващия се свят
is for these questions to become
въпроси да стават
in the public opinion,
дискусии
protections on one side
misinterpreted -- on the other side.
неправилно изтълкувани.
of funding and the vouchers
подпомагането от Световната
of the organizations
финансиране на
and more support,
подкрепа,
close to the levels of last year.
от миналата година.
to address the needs of the people
адресират нуждите на хората
of the criteria, the objectives,
критериите, на целите, на приоритетите,
cooperation that is required.
за развитието на кооперацията.
are middle-income countries.
среден приход.
or grants from the World Bank.
от Световната банка.
a global public good.
of stability in the region,
в региона
of our collective security.
are not a first priority
in very dramatic circumstances
драматични обстоятелства
themselves are suffering,
at today's situation
ситуация
their poor groups of the population,
населението,
because of the crisis they are facing.
пред която са изправени.
organizations, the European Union?
организации, Европейският сьюз?
cooperation is essential.
съществена.
cooperation is essential.
съществена.
institutions should have flexibility
институции трябва да са гъвкави,
more massively
and to understand that today,
и да разберем, че днес,
at a certain moment,
to make a distinction
разлика между
and development aid
about children in school,
that is overcrowded.
пренаселена.
that require a long-term perspective,
дългосрочна перспектива,
humanitarian aid perspective.
хуманитарна помощ.
by the current front-runner
републиканските кандидати за
for US President, Donald Trump.
and complete shutdown
прекратяване на достъпа на
can figure out what's going on."
случва."
around the world
saying, for instance,
че бежанци
should not be received.
бъдат приемани.
that by doing or saying this,
или като го кажат
the security of their countries.
правителствата
to Muslim refugees,"
бежанци мюсюлмании,"
is the best possible help
of terrorist organizations.
организации.
by all the Muslims in your own country,
всички мюсюлмани в твоята държава,
for the recruitment
through technology,
and all those other groups
групи,
"You are right, we are against you."
сме срещу вас."
in societies that are all multiethnic,
мултиетнически общества,
in which, really,
of these terrorist organizations
тези терористически организации
people for terror acts
за терористични актове
of sentences are expressed.
такъв вид твърдения.
and the reactions to them
реакциите към тях направиха
for many people the first reaction
реакция
attacks is: close all borders --
затоворете всички граници-- без
problem in Europe is largely homegrown.
в Европа е до голяма степен създаден там.
of European fighters in Syria and in Iraq,
и Ирак,
by just not allowing Syrians to come in.
разрешава като не им разрешим да влизат.
by the person who has blown --
е --
of Daesh is against refugees,
срещу бежанците,
that should be with the caliphate
които биха могли да са част от калифата
strategy to make Europe react,
Даеш да накара Европа да реагира,
мюсюлманските бежанци и
towards Muslims inside Europe,
в Европа,
it was not the refugee movement
бежанското движение нещото,
is today a homegrown movement
движение, създадено тук,
that we are facing,
to prove these groups wrong,
опровергаем тези групи,
from that part of the world.
is that to a large extent,
голяма степен това,
in the '70s, in the '80s,
през 80-те,
that took place at that time
потоци, които имаше тогава,
in many of the people, for instance,
хора,
that are not adequately provided
адекватно осигурени
sometimes even anger,
понякога дори гняв,
of integration policies,
политика,
a much stronger investment
бъде една много по силна инвестиция,
to live together and respect each other.
живеят заедно и да се уважават.
will be multiethnic, multicultural,
бъдат мултиетнически, мултикултурни,
in my opinion, impossible.
мен е невъзможно,
that they will be like that,
for that to work properly,
правилно
of your own societies.
failed in that investment
провали в тази инвестиция
from your job at the end of the year,
в края на годината,
for the first time, what do you see?
one million people go back home
души да се върнат у дома
because conflicts had ended.
защото конфликтите бяха свършили.
displaced by conflict in the world.
изместени от конфликтите по света.
of new conflicts
Democratic Republic of Congo.
Република Конго.
is much more dangerous than it was.
отколко е бил в миналото.
of the international community
международните общества
and to timely solve them,
разрешават навреме
than what it was 10 years ago.
преди 10 години.
power relations in the world,
няма
които работят,
tend to prevail, and that means
непредвидимостта надделяват и това
displaced by conflicts.
от конфликти.
the Oval Office for the last time,
on the desk for his successor
неговия наследник,
to your successor, Filippo Grandi,
на Вашия наследник, Филипо Гранди,
I would write any message.
да е съобщение.
when one leaves an office
напуска длъжност,
and do your best."
всичко от себе си."
for the job you do.
което правите.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
António Guterres - Designate Secretary-General of the United NationsAntónio Guterres is at the forefront of advocating for refugee rights around the world.
Why you should listen
A former Portuguese prime minister, António Guterres was elected by the UN General Assembly to become the 10th United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees in June 2005. In October 2016 the United Nations Security Council announced he would be the next United Nations Secretary General, succeeding the retiring Ban Ki-moon.
As High Commissioner, he heads one of the world's foremost humanitarian organizations. UNHCR has twice won the Nobel Peace Prize. Its over 9,300 staff members work in 123 countries providing protection and assistance to nearly 55 million refugees, returnees, internally displaced people and stateless persons. Some 88 percent of UNHCR staff work in the field, often in difficult and dangerous duty stations.
Before joining UNHCR, Guterres spent more than 20 years in government and public service. He served as Portuguese prime minister from 1995 to 2002, during which time he was heavily involved in the international effort to resolve the crisis in East Timor. As president of the European Council in early 2000, he led the adoption of the so-called Lisbon Agenda and co-chaired the first European Union-Africa summit. He also founded the Portuguese Refugee Council in 1991 and was part of the Council of State of Portugal from 1991 to 2002.
From 1981 to 1983, Guterres was a member of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe, as well as chairman of the Committee on Demography, Migration and Refugees. In addition, he has been active in Socialist International, a worldwide organization of social democratic political parties. He was the group's vice-president from 1992 to 1999 and president from 1999 until mid-2005.
Guterres was born on April 30, 1949, in Lisbon and educated at the Instituto Superior Técnico, where he remains a visiting professor. He is married and has two children.
António Guterres | Speaker | TED.com