Chris Urmson: How a driverless car sees the road
Chris Urmson: Comment une voiture sans chauffeur voit la route
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invented the automobile.
for the first public test drive,
il l'a testée publiquement,
crashed into a wall.
l'a envoyée dans un mur.
reliable part of the car, the driver.
le moins fiable des autos, le chauffeur.
we've added air bags,
des airbags.
started trying to make the car smarter
rendu la voiture plus intelligente,
a little bit about the difference
de la différence
with driver assistance systems
d'assistance à la conduite,
self-driving cars
entièrement automatisés,
a little bit about our car
notre véhicule,
and how it reacts and what it does,
comment il réagit et ce qu'il fait.
a little bit about the problem.
de vous parler du problème.
on the world's roads every year.
sont tuées dans le monde.
are killed each year.
perdent la vie sur les routes.
falling out of the sky every working day.
qui s'écrase 5 fois par semaine.
other than drive.
increased by 38 percent.
a augmenté de 38%.
than it was not very long ago.
depuis un certain temps.
in America, which is about 50 minutes,
est de 50 minutes aux USA.
workers we have,
les 120 millions de travailleurs.
about six billion minutes
so let's put it in perspective.
Tentons de le mettre à notre échelle.
life expectancy of a person,
de vie moyenne des gens.
who don't have the privilege
qui n'ont pas le privilège
drive to work in the morning,
dans sa voiture pour aller travailler,
of piecing together bits of public transit
et plusieurs transports en commun.
ou un membre de sa famille.
that you and I have to get around.
de mouvement que vous ou moi.
these driver assistance systems
d'assistance à la conduite
and incrementally improve them,
into self-driving cars.
en véhicules autonomes.
that's like me saying
one day I'll be able to fly.
à sauter, je pourrais voler un jour.
something a little different.
about three different ways
sont différents des voitures autonomes
than driver assistance systems.
with some of our own experience.
par vous présenter notre expérience.
of a self-driving car
de notre véhicule autonome,
they were 100 Googlers,
nos employés Google,
them to use it in their daily lives.
dans leur vie quotidienne.
this one had a big asterisk with it:
encore vraiment autonome.
but it could still fail.
mais il pouvait avoir un problème.
deux heures de formation.
we let them use it,
was something awesome,
to bring a product into the world.
who came in and told us on the first day,
Le premier jour, il avait affirmé :
What are we thinking?"
A quoi pensez-vous ? »
"Not only should I have it,
changé d'avis : « J'en veux une !
because people are terrible drivers."
Il y a tant de mauvais conducteurs. »
the people inside the car were doing,
aux actions des passagers.
and realizes the battery is low,
constate qu'il est presque à plat,
and digs around in his backpack,
et fouille son sac à dos.
the charging cable for his phone,
pour recharger son téléphone.
puts it on the phone.
et sur son téléphone.
65 miles per hour down the freeway.
il roule à 100 km/h sur l'autoroute.
it's kind of obvious, right?
Une évidence nous est apparue.
est inversement proportionnelle
the driver is going to get.
incrementally smarter,
progressivement,
the wins we really need.
à faire une avancée significative.
a little technical for a moment here.
quelques instants.
and along the bottom
apply the brakes when it shouldn't.
freine inutilement.
and the car starts stopping randomly,
qui s'arrête à l'improviste
the car is going to apply the brakes
le nombre de fois que le véhicule freine
to help you avoid an accident.
pour éviter un accident.
the bottom left corner here,
it doesn't do anything goofy,
elle ne fait rien de maladroit,
out of an accident.
a driver assistance system into a car,
d'assistance à la conduite,
of technology on there,
Le système a des propriétés spécifiques,
to have some operating properties,
tous les accidents.
all of the accidents,
along the curve here,
des accidents potentiels.
that the human driver misses,
les accidents.
by a factor of two.
sur nos routes.
dying every year in America.
that looks like this.
more sensors in the vehicle,
operating point up here
gets into a crash.
mais avec une fréquence très basse.
and we could argue
avoir une discussion,
I could say something like "80-20 rule,"
Je parlerai de la règle « 80-20 »,
de passer à la 2e courbe.
to that new curve.
pendant un instant.
from a different direction for a moment.
la technologie doit agir correctement.
the technology has to do the right thing.
is a driver assistance system.
un système d'assistance à la conduite.
aux États-Unis,
to traffic accidents
qui entraînent un accident,
is probably making decisions
autonome prend environ
between these two,
I'm never actually going to get there.
je n'y arriverai jamais.
the system can handle uncertainty.
gère-t-il l'incertitude ?
stepping into the road, might not be.
Ou peut-être pas.
nor can any of our algorithms,
ne savent pas le prédire.
a driver assistance system,
d'assistance à la conduite,
because again,
that's completely unacceptable.
qu'il freine inopinément.
can look at that pedestrian and say,
va détecter le piéton et dire :
and then react appropriately after that.
et réagir ensuite de manière adéquate. »
a driver assistance system can ever be.
que n'importe quel système d'assistance.
the differences between the two.
how the car sees the world.
sur la vision de la voiture.
where it is in the world,
par rapport à son environnement,
and aligning the two,
et les données des capteurs,
what it sees in the moment.
ce que le véhicule voit en temps réel.
are other vehicles on the road,
ce sont les autres véhicules,
over there is a cyclist,
c'est un cycliste,
if you look really closely,
si on est attentif,
is in the moment,
à un moment précis.
we have to predict what's going to happen.
on doit prédire ce qui va se passer.
is about to make a left lane change
va changer de bande, vers la gauche,
what everybody's thinking,
c'est ce que tout le monde pense.
how the car should respond in the moment,
la réaction du véhicule sur le moment,
quickly it should slow down or speed up.
d'accélération ou de décélération.
just following a path:
de suivre le chemin :
pressing the brake or gas.
accélérer ou freiner.
at the end of the day.
il ne reste que deux chiffres.
and the other boxes on the road,
et les autres objets sur la route,
et celle des autres véhicules.
and roughly where the other vehicles are.
géométrique du monde.
understanding of the world.
on neighborhood and city streets,
new level of difficulty.
des proportions incroyables.
of us, cars crossing in front of us,
des voitures qui traversent,
problem by comparison.
that problem solved,
to deal with construction.
forcing it to drive to the right,
qui obligent à rouler à droite.
in isolation, of course.
through that construction zone as well.
breaking the rules, the police are there
la police veille.
that flashing light on the top of the car
que ce gyroscope sur cette auto
d'une voiture de police
it's actually a police officer.
sur le côté,
on the side here,
differently as well.
other people have expectations:
les autres ont des attentes :
to yield to them and make room for them
lui cèdent le passage,
est sur la route,
stood in the road,
that this means stop,
que ceci signifie l'arrêt,
we should continue.
is by sharing data between the vehicles.
entre les véhicules.
sees a construction zone,
so it can be in the correct lane
aux autres véhicules
deeper understanding of this.
that the cars have seen over time,
détectées au fil du temps,
of pedestrians, cyclists,
de piétons, de cyclistes,
what other vehicles should look like
supposées
we could take from that a model
utiliser ça pour modéliser
to move through the world.
crossing in front of us.
qui traverse devant nous.
and we anticipate
et nous anticipons
and around the car to the right.
la voiture sur la droite.
coming down the road
to drive down the shape of the road.
et longer la route.
going to make a U-turn in front of us,
dans le carrefour devant nous.
and respond safely.
et les gérer avec prudence.
for things that we've seen,
pour tout qu'on à déjà vu.
lots of things that you haven't
plein de choses inédites.
through Mountain View,
(Rires)
(Laughter)
in the DMV handbook
dans le code de la route
to encounter that,
with just ducks.
The car reacts to that.
La voiture réagit en conséquence.
anywhere other than Mountain View.
qu'à Mountain View.
to deal with drivers,
les autres conducteurs,
jumps out of this truck at us.
de son camion vers nous.
with the green box decides
avec le cube vert, décide
at the last possible moment.
au tout dernier moment.
the car to our left decides
sur la bande du milieu
de faire pareil.
blow through a red light
blowing through that light as well.
the vehicle responds safely.
en toute sécurité.
who do I don't know what
qui font je ne sais quoi,
pulling out between two self-driving cars.
entre deux voitures autonomes.
à quoi pensent les gens !
with a lot of stuff there,
down pretty quickly.
with the cyclist again,
qu'on ne peut pas encore voir le cycliste.
we can't actually see the cyclist yet,
blue box up there,
really easy to understand,
pour l'observer.
to turn that laser data and look at it,
at laser data, you can see
c'est le cycliste.
is that cyclist.
has turned yellow already,
in the imagery.
to proceed through the intersection.
traverser le carrefour.
celui du cycliste est rouge.
his is solidly red,
is going to come all the way across.
were not paying as much attention.
ne sont pas aussi attentifs.
and fortunately for everyone,
pour tout le monde,
some pretty exciting progress,
des progrès encourageants.
to come to market.
in our simulators every single day,
5 millions de km de test sur simulateur.
that our vehicles have.
this technology on the road,
cette technologie sur les routes.
is to go through the self-driving
de la conduite autonome est le bon.
sur les routes américaines.
it's a really complicated problem,
parce que le problème est complexe.
in four and a half years,
Dans 4 ans et demi,
to get his driver's license.
to making sure that doesn't happen.
à faire tout pour que ça n'arrive pas.
I've got a question for you.
Chris, j'ai une question.
is pretty mind-boggling.
est époustouflante.
driver-assisted and fully driverless --
de conduite et conduite autonome,
going on out there right now.
for example, Tesla,
that's kind of going to be a dead end
that route and get to fully driverless
au point de devenir autonome.
is going to say, "This feels safe,"
que c'est sécurisant,
et un accident monstrueux va arriver.
and something ugly will happen.
and it's not to say
Cela dit,
continuent d'avoir beaucoup de valeur.
aren't going to be incredibly valuable.
in the interim,
to help someone like Steve get around,
est le seul chemin possible
to change our cities
à destination sain et sauf,
these urban craters we call parking lots,
que sont les parkings.
with huge interest.
très attentivement.
CU: Thank you. (Applause)
CU: Merci. (Applaudissements)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Chris Urmson - RoboticistChris Umson is the Director of Self-Driving Cars at Google[x].
Why you should listen
Since 2009, Chris Urmson has headed up Google’s self-driving car program. So far, the team’s vehicles have driven over three quarters of a million miles. While early models included a driverless Prius that TEDsters got to test- ... um, -not-drive in 2011, more and more the team is building vehicles from the ground up, custom-made to go driverless.
Prior to joining Google, Umson was on the faculty of the Robotics Institute at Carnegie Mellon University, where his research focused on motion planning and perception for robotic vehicles. During his time at Carnegie Mellon, he served as Director of Technology for the team that won the 2007 DARPA Urban Challenge.
Chris Urmson | Speaker | TED.com