TEDGlobal 2011
Misha Glenny: Hire the hackers!
¡Contratemos aos hackers!
Filmed:
Readability: 5.1
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A pesar dos miles de millóns de dólares invertidos na seguridade cibernética, un dos principais problemas foi totalmente ignorado: ¿quen son as persoas que escriben o código malicioso? O investigador do inframundo Misha Glenny retrata varios dos codificadores culpables de todo o mundo e chega a unha conclusión sorprendente.
Misha Glenny - Underworld investigator
Journalist Misha Glenny leaves no stone unturned (and no failed state unexamined) in his excavation of criminal globalization. Full bio
Journalist Misha Glenny leaves no stone unturned (and no failed state unexamined) in his excavation of criminal globalization. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
Now this is a very un-TED-like thing to do,
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Isto non é unha cousa TED,
00:18
but let's kick off the afternoon
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pero comecemos a tarde
00:21
with a message
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cunha mensaxe
00:23
from a mystery sponsor.
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dun patrocinador misterioso.
00:26
Anonymous: Dear Fox News,
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Anónimo: Ás noticias de Fox,
00:28
it has come to our unfortunate attention
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por desgraza chamounos a atención
00:31
that both the name and nature of Anonymous
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que se fixeron estragos
co nome e coa natureza
co nome e coa natureza
00:33
has been ravaged.
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dos Anónimos.
00:35
We are everyone. We are no one.
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Somos todos. Somos ninguén.
00:38
We are anonymous. We are legion.
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Somos Anónimos. Somos unha lexión.
00:41
We do not forgive. We do not forget.
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Non perdoamos. Non esquecemos.
00:44
We are but the base of chaos.
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Non somos máis que a base do caos.
00:49
Misha Glenny: Anonymous, ladies and gentlemen --
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Misha Glenny:
Anónimos, damas e cabaleiros,
Anónimos, damas e cabaleiros,
00:52
a sophisticated group
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un grupo sofisticado
00:54
of politically motivated hackers
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de piratas informáticos
motivados políticamente
motivados políticamente
00:56
who have emerged in 2011.
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que xurdiu no 2011.
00:59
And they're pretty scary.
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E dan bastante medo.
01:01
You never know when they're going to attack next,
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Nunca sabes cando volverán a atacar,
01:04
who or what the consequences will be.
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quen o cales serán as consecuencias.
01:07
But interestingly,
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Pero curiosamente,
01:09
they have a sense of humor.
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teñen sentido do humor.
01:12
These guys hacked into Fox News' Twitter account
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Estes mozos metéronse
no Twitter das Fox News
no Twitter das Fox News
01:16
to announce President Obama's assassination.
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para anunciar que o Presidente Obama
fora asasinado.
fora asasinado.
01:20
Now you can imagine the panic that would have generated
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Imaxinen o pánico que iso provocaría
01:23
in the newsroom at Fox.
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na sala de prensa de Fox.
01:25
"What do we do now?
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"¿Que facemos agora?
01:27
Put on a black armband, or crack open the champagne?"
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¿Poñémonos un brazalete negro
ou descorchamos champaña?"
ou descorchamos champaña?"
01:30
(Laughter)
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(Risas)
01:32
And of course, who could escape the irony
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E por suposto, ¿quen pode escapar á ironía
01:36
of a member of Rupert Murdoch's News Corp.
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de que a vítima de piratería fose,
para variar,
para variar,
01:39
being a victim of hacking for a change.
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un membro da News Corp de Rupert Murdoch?
01:42
(Laughter)
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(Risas)
01:44
(Applause)
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(Aplausos)
01:48
Sometimes you turn on the news
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Ás veces pos as noticias
01:51
and you say, "Is there anyone left to hack?"
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e pensas, "¿queda alguén por piratear?"
01:53
Sony Playstation Network -- done,
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Sony Playstation Network... feito,
01:56
the government of Turkey -- tick,
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o goberno de Turquía... feito,
01:58
Britain's Serious Organized Crime Agency -- a breeze,
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a Axencia Británica
contra o Crime Organizado... pan comido,
contra o Crime Organizado... pan comido,
02:01
the CIA -- falling off a log.
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a CIA... carne sen ósos.
02:03
In fact, a friend of mine from the security industry
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De feito, un amigo
que traballa na seguridade
que traballa na seguridade
02:05
told me the other day
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díxome o outro día
02:07
that there are two types of companies in the world:
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que no mundo hai dous tipos de empresas:
02:10
those that know they've been hacked, and those that don't.
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as que saben que foron pirateadas,
e as que non.
e as que non.
02:13
I mean three companies
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Tres empresas
02:16
providing cybersecurity services to the FBI
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que dan servizos
de seguridade informática ao FBI
de seguridade informática ao FBI
02:20
have been hacked.
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foron pirateadas.
02:22
Is nothing sacred anymore, for heaven's sake?
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¡Polo amor de Deus!
¿Xa non queda nada sacro?
¿Xa non queda nada sacro?
02:25
Anyway, this mysterious group Anonymous --
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De tódolos xeitos,
o grupo misterioso Anónimos,
o grupo misterioso Anónimos,
02:27
and they would say this themselves --
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(eles mesmos aseguraríano)
02:29
they are providing a service
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proporcionan un servizo
02:31
by demonstrating how useless companies are
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ao demostrar o inútiles que son
as compañías
as compañías
02:35
at protecting our data.
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que protexen os nosos datos.
02:38
But there is also a very serious aspect to Anonymous --
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Pero tamén hai un aspecto moi serio
sobre Anónimos:
sobre Anónimos:
02:41
they are ideologically driven.
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perseguen unha ideoloxía.
02:44
They claim that they are battling
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Reivindican que loitan
02:46
a dastardly conspiracy.
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contra unha vil conspiración.
02:49
They say that governments are trying
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Afirman que os gobernos
02:51
to take over the Internet and control it,
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tratan de apoderarse e controlar Internet,
02:54
and that they, Anonymous,
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e que eles, Anónimos,
02:56
are the authentic voice of resistance --
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son a verdadeira voz da resistencia;
02:59
be it against Middle Eastern dictatorships,
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xa sexa contra as ditaduras
do Oriente Medio,
do Oriente Medio,
03:01
against global media corporations,
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contra as empresas mundiais de medios,
03:04
or against intelligence agencies,
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contra as axencias de intelixencia,
03:06
or whoever it is.
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ou contra quen sexa.
03:08
And their politics are not entirely unattractive.
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E as súas políticas son atractivas,
03:12
Okay, they're a little inchoate.
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aínda que un pouco rudimentarias.
03:15
There's a strong whiff
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Cheiran bastante
03:17
of half-baked anarchism about them.
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a anarquismo a medias.
03:20
But one thing is true:
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Pero algo é certo:
03:22
we are at the beginning
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atopámonos ao comezo
03:24
of a mighty struggle
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dunha gran loita
03:26
for control of the Internet.
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polo control de Internet.
03:29
The Web links everything,
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A web úneo todo e,
03:31
and very soon
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moi pronto,
03:33
it will mediate most human activity.
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mediará en case toda a actividade humana.
03:35
Because the Internet has fashioned
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Porque Internet puxo de moda
03:37
a new and complicated environment
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un entorno novo e complicado
03:39
for an old-age dilemma
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para un vello dilema
03:42
that pits the demands of security
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que enfronta as demandas de seguridade
03:45
with the desire for freedom.
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co desexo de liberdade.
03:48
Now this is a very complicated struggle.
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Pero esta é unha loita moi complicada.
03:52
And unfortunately, for mortals like you and me,
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E por desgraza, os mortais coma Vde. e eu,
03:55
we probably can't understand it very well.
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seguramente non o entendamos moi ben.
03:58
Nonetheless,
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No entanto,
04:00
in an unexpected attack of hubris
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nun ataque inseperado de arrogancia
04:02
a couple of years ago,
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fai un par de anos,
04:04
I decided I would try and do that.
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decidín que tentaría facelo.
04:07
And I sort of get it.
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E en certo xeito fíxeno.
04:11
These were the various things that I was looking at
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Estas eran tódalas cousas que miraba
04:13
as I was trying to understand it.
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mentres tentaba entendelo.
04:15
But in order to try and explain the whole thing,
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Pero para intentar explicar o asunto
04:18
I would need another 18 minutes or so to do it,
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necesitaría outros 18 minutos,
04:21
so you're just going to have to take it on trust from me on this occasion,
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así que esta vez teredes
que confiar en min,
que confiar en min,
04:26
and let me assure you that all of these issues
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e asegúrolles que todas estas cuestións
04:28
are involved in cybersecurity and control of the Internet
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teñen que ver coa seguridade
e o control de Internet
e o control de Internet
04:31
one way or the other,
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dunha ou outra forma,
04:33
but in a configuration
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pero de tal maneira
04:35
that even Stephen Hawking would probably have difficulty
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que ata Stephen Hawking tería dificultades
04:38
trying to get his head around.
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ao intentar entendela.
04:41
So there you are.
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Así que ahí o teñen.
04:43
And as you see, in the middle,
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E como ven, no medio,
04:45
there is our old friend, the hacker.
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o noso amigo, o pirata informático.
04:47
The hacker is absolutely central
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O hacker é o responsable
04:50
to many of the political, social
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de moitos dos problemas políticos,
04:52
and economic issues affecting the Net.
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sociais e económicos que afectan á Rede.
04:55
And so I thought to myself,
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E por iso pensei:
04:58
"Well, these are the guys who I want to talk to."
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"Estos son os mozos cos que quero falar".
05:01
And what do you know,
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E, ¿saben que?
05:04
nobody else does talk to the hackers.
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Ninguén máis fala cos hackers.
05:06
They're completely anonymous, as it were.
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Parece que de verdade sí son anónimos.
05:09
So despite the fact
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Así que a pesar
05:11
that we are beginning to pour billions,
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de que comezamos a investir
miles de millóns,
miles de millóns,
05:14
hundreds of billions of dollars,
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centos de miles de millóns de dólares,
05:16
into cybersecurity --
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na seguridade informática
05:19
for the most extraordinary technical solutions --
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(para as solucións técnicas
máis insólitas)
máis insólitas)
05:23
no one wants to talk
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ninguén quere falar
05:25
to these guys, the hackers,
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con estes mozos, os hackers,
05:27
who are doing everything.
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responsables de todo.
05:30
Instead, we prefer these really dazzling technological solutions,
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En vez diso, preferimos estas solucións
tecnolóxicas cegadoras,
tecnolóxicas cegadoras,
05:35
which cost a huge amount of money.
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que custan moito diñeiro.
05:38
And so nothing is going into the hackers.
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E non se destina nada aos hackers.
05:41
Well, I say nothing,
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Bueno, digo nada,
05:43
but actually there is one teeny weeny little research unit
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pero en realidade hai unha diminuta
unidade de investigación
unidade de investigación
05:47
in Turin, Italy
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en Turín, Italia
05:49
called the Hackers Profiling Project.
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chamada Proxecto de Perfís de Hackers.
05:52
And they are doing some fantastic research
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E están a facer investigacións incribles
05:55
into the characteristics,
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sobre as características,
05:57
into the abilities
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as habilidades
05:59
and the socialization of hackers.
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e a socialización dos hackers.
06:01
But because they're a U.N. operation,
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Pero como é unha operación da ONU,
06:03
maybe that's why governments and corporations
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é quizáis por iso
que os gobernos e as empresas
que os gobernos e as empresas
06:05
are not that interested in them.
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non están interesados neles.
06:07
Because it's a U.N. operation,
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E como é unha operación de ONU
06:09
of course, it lacks funding.
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carece de financiamento.
06:12
But I think they're doing very important work.
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Pero creo que están facendo
un traballo moi importante.
un traballo moi importante.
06:15
Because where we have a surplus of technology
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Porque onde temos
un superávit de tecnoloxía
un superávit de tecnoloxía
06:19
in the cybersecurity industry,
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na industria da seguridade informática,
06:22
we have a definite lack of --
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temos unha clara falta de...
06:25
call me old-fashioned --
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(chámenme anticuado)
06:27
human intelligence.
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...intelixencia humana.
06:29
Now, so far I've mentioned
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Ata agora mencionei
06:31
the hackers Anonymous
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aos hackers Anónimos
06:33
who are a politically motivated hacking group.
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que son un grupo
con motivacións políticas.
con motivacións políticas.
06:36
Of course, the criminal justice system
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Claro que o sistema de xustiza penal
06:38
treats them as common old garden criminals.
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trátaos como aos típicos
delincuentes comúns.
delincuentes comúns.
06:40
But interestingly,
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Pero, curiosamente,
06:42
Anonymous does not make use of its hacked information
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os Anónimos non usan
a información pirateada
a información pirateada
06:44
for financial gain.
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para obter ganancias.
06:46
But what about the real cybercriminals?
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¿E os ciberdelincuentes de verdade?
06:50
Well real organized crime on the Internet
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O cibercrime organizado real
06:53
goes back about 10 years
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remóntase 10 anos atrás
06:55
when a group of gifted Ukrainian hackers
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cando un grupo
de hackers prodixio ucraínos
de hackers prodixio ucraínos
07:00
developed a website,
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desenvolveron a páxina web
07:02
which led to the industrialization
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que levou á industrialización
07:04
of cybercrime.
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do cibercrime.
07:07
Welcome to the now forgotten realm of CarderPlanet.
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Benvidos agora ao reino esquecido
de CarderPlanet.
de CarderPlanet.
07:13
This is how they were advertising themselves
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Así é como se publicitaban
07:15
a decade ago on the Net.
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na Rede fai unha década.
07:18
Now CarderPlanet was very interesting.
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CarderPlanet era moi interesante.
07:20
Cybercriminals would go there
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Os cibercriminais irían alí
07:22
to buy and sell stolen credit card details,
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a comprar e vender datos roubados
de tarxetas de crédito,
de tarxetas de crédito,
07:25
to exchange information
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para intercambiar información
07:27
about new malware that was out there.
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sobre o novo malware que alí se atopaba.
07:30
And remember, this is a time
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Lembren que era unha época
07:32
when we're seeing for the first time
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na que vimos por primeira vez
07:34
so-called off-the-shelf malware.
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o chamado malware comercial.
07:36
This is ready for use, out-of-the-box stuff,
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É material listo para usar,
07:39
which you can deploy
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que se pode pór en práctica
07:41
even if you're not a terribly sophisticated hacker.
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aínda que non sexas
un hacker moi sofisticado.
un hacker moi sofisticado.
07:45
And so CarderPlanet became a sort of supermarket
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Así, CarderPlanet convértese
nunha especie de supermercado
nunha especie de supermercado
07:48
for cybercriminals.
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para ciberdelincuentes.
07:50
And its creators
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E os seus creadores
07:52
were incredibly smart and entrepreneurial,
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foron moi intelixentes e emprendedores,
07:54
because they were faced
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xa que se enfrontaron
07:56
with one enormous challenge as cybercriminals.
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a un enorme reto
como son os ciberdelincuentes.
como son os ciberdelincuentes.
07:59
And that challenge is:
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O reto é:
08:01
How do you do business,
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¿Como facer negocios,
08:03
how do you trust
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como confiar
08:05
somebody on the Web who you want to do business with
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nalguén da Rede
con quen queres facer negocios
con quen queres facer negocios
08:07
when you know that they're a criminal?
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cando sabes que son delincuentes?
08:10
(Laughter)
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(Risas)
08:12
It's axiomatic that they're dodgy,
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Está na súa natureza ser pouco fiables
08:14
and they're going to want to try and rip you off.
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e quererán estafarche.
08:17
So the family, as the inner core of CarderPlanet was known,
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Polo que a familia, como se coñecía
ao núcleo interno de CarderPlanet,
ao núcleo interno de CarderPlanet,
08:20
came up with this brilliant idea
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apareceu con esta idea brillante
08:22
called the escrow system.
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chamada "sistema de garantía".
08:24
They appointed an officer
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Nomearon a un encargado
08:27
who would mediate between the vendor and the purchaser.
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que mediaría entre o vendedor
e o comprador.
e o comprador.
08:30
The vendor, say, had stolen credit card details;
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O vendedor, digamos,
roubara os datos da tarxeta de crédito;
roubara os datos da tarxeta de crédito;
08:33
the purchaser wanted to get a hold of them.
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e o comprador quería conseguilas.
08:36
The purchaser would send the administrative officer
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O comprador envíalle ao administrativo
08:39
some dollars digitally,
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algúns dólares en electrónico,
08:41
and the vendor would sell the stolen credit card details.
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e o vendedor envíalle os datos
da tarxeta de crédito roubada.
da tarxeta de crédito roubada.
08:44
And the officer would then verify
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Entón o encargado verificará
08:47
if the stolen credit card worked.
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se a tarxeta roubada funcionou.
08:50
And if they did,
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E se o facía
08:52
he then passed on the money to the vendor
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entón pasáballe o diñeiro ao vendedor
08:54
and the stolen credit card details to the purchaser.
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e os datos da tarxeta roubada
ao comprador.
ao comprador.
08:57
And it was this
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E foi isto
08:59
which completely revolutionized cybercrime on the Web.
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o que revolucionou o cibercrime na Web.
09:04
And after that, it just went wild.
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E despois diso explotou.
09:06
We had a champagne decade
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Foi unha década dourada
09:08
for people who we know as Carders.
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para a xente coñecida como Carders.
09:11
Now I spoke to one of these Carders
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Eu falei cun deses Carders
09:13
who we'll call RedBrigade --
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ao que chamaremos RedBrigade,
09:15
although that wasn't even his proper nickname --
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aínda que ese non era
o seu verdadeiro alcume,
o seu verdadeiro alcume,
09:17
but I promised I wouldn't reveal who he was.
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pero prometín que non revelaría quen era.
09:19
And he explained to me how in 2003 and 2004
207
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Explicoume como no 2003 e no 2004
09:22
he would go on sprees in New York,
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íase de festa por Nova York,
09:25
taking out $10,000 from an ATM here,
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sacando 10.000 dólares
dun caixeiro automático,
dun caixeiro automático,
09:28
$30,000 from an ATM there,
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30.000 doutro,
09:31
using cloned credit cards.
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usando tarxetas de crédito clonadas.
09:34
He was making, on average a week,
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Tiña un promedio por semana
09:37
$150,000 --
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de $150.000,
09:40
tax free of course.
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libres de impostos, claro.
09:42
And he said
215
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E dixo
09:45
that he had so much money
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que tiña tanto diñeiro
09:47
stashed in his upper-East side apartment at one point
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escondido no seu apartamento de luxo
de Manhatan
de Manhatan
09:49
that he just didn't know what to do with it
218
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que non sabía que facer con el
09:51
and actually fell into a depression.
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e ata caeu nunha depresión.
09:53
But that's a slightly different story,
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Pero iso é unha historia diferente,
09:55
which I won't go into now.
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da que non vou falar agora.
09:57
Now the interesting thing about RedBrigade
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Pero o interesante de RedBrigade
10:00
is that he wasn't an advanced hacker.
223
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é que non era un hacker avanzado.
10:02
He sort of understood the technology,
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Medio entendía algo da tecnoloxía
10:04
and he realized that security was very important
225
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e dábase conta de que a seguridade
era moi importante
era moi importante
10:07
if you were going to be a Carder,
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se un quería ser un Carder,
10:10
but he didn't spend his days and nights
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pero non pasaba día e noite
10:12
bent over a computer, eating pizza,
228
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diante do ordenador, comendo pizza,
10:14
drinking coke and that sort of thing.
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bebendo coca-cola e esas cousas.
10:16
He was out there on the town
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Andaba na cidade
10:18
having a fab time enjoying the high life.
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pasándoo ben, disfrutando da boa vida.
10:20
And this is because
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E isto débese a que
10:22
hackers are only one element
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os hackers son só un elemento
10:25
in a cybercriminal enterprise.
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na cadea do cibercrime.
10:28
And often they're the most vulnerable element of all.
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E polo xeral son o elemento
máis vulnerable.
máis vulnerable.
10:34
And I want to explain this to you
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Voullo explicar
10:36
by introducing you to six characters
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presentándolles a seis personaxes
10:38
who I met
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que coñecín
10:40
while I was doing this research.
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durante esta investigación.
10:43
Dimitry Golubov, aka SCRIPT --
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Dimitry Golubov, alias SCRIPT,
10:46
born in Odessa, Ukraine in 1982.
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que naceu en Odessa, Ucrania en 1982.
10:49
Now he developed his social and moral compass
242
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Desenvolveu o seu compás social e moral
10:52
on the Black Sea port during the 1990s.
243
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no porto do Mar Negro
durante a década dos 90.
durante a década dos 90.
10:55
This was a sink-or-swim environment
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Neste ambiente ou te adaptabas ou morrías
10:58
where involvement in criminal or corrupt activities
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e o participar en actividades corruptas
ou criminais
ou criminais
11:02
was entirely necessary
246
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era totalmente necesario
11:04
if you wanted to survive.
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se querías sobrevivir.
11:06
As an accomplished computer user,
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Como usuario experto de ordenadores,
11:08
what Dimitry did
249
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Dimitry levou
11:10
was to transfer the gangster capitalism of his hometown
250
655000
4000
o capitalismo mafioso da súa cidade natal
11:14
onto the Worldwide Web.
251
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á rede de todo o mundo.
11:16
And he did a great job in it.
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E fixo un gran traballo.
11:18
You have to understand though
253
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Hai que entender
11:20
that from his ninth birthday,
254
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que dende os nove anos
11:22
the only environment he knew
255
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o único ambiente que coñeceu
11:24
was gangsterism.
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foi o das mafias.
11:26
He knew no other way of making a living
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Non coñecía outra forma de gañarse a vida
11:28
and making money.
258
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e de conseguir diñeiro.
11:30
Then we have Renukanth Subramaniam,
259
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O seguinte é Renukanth Subramaniam,
11:32
aka JiLsi --
260
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alias JiLsi,
11:34
founder of DarkMarket,
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fundador de DarkMarket,
11:36
born in Colombo, Sri Lanka.
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e nacido en Colombo, Sri Lanka.
11:38
As an eight year-old,
263
683000
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Aos oito anos
11:40
he and his parents fled the Sri Lankan capital
264
685000
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fuxiu cos seus pais á capital de Sri Lanka
11:42
because Singhalese mobs were roaming the city,
265
687000
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porque as bandas cingalesas
vagaban pola cidade,
vagaban pola cidade,
11:45
looking for Tamils like Renu to murder.
266
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en busca de Tamils como Renu
para asasinar.
para asasinar.
11:48
At 11, he was interrogated by the Sri Lankan military,
267
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Con 11 anos o Exército de Sri Lanka
interrogouno,
interrogouno,
11:50
accused of being a terrorist,
268
695000
2000
acusándoo de terrorismo,
11:52
and his parents sent him on his own to Britain
269
697000
4000
e os seus pais enviárono a Gran Bretaña
11:56
as a refugee seeking political asylum.
270
701000
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como refuxiado en busca de asilo político.
11:59
At 13,
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Aos 13,
12:01
with only little English and being bullied at school,
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con pouco inglés
e tras ser amedrentado na escola,
e tras ser amedrentado na escola,
12:04
he escaped into a world of computers
273
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refuxiouse no mundo dos ordenadores
12:07
where he showed great technical ability,
274
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no que mostrou gran habilidade técnica,
12:09
but he was soon being seduced
275
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pero pronto se deixou seducir
12:12
by people on the Internet.
276
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pola xente de Internet.
12:14
He was convicted of mortgage and credit card fraud,
277
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Condenárono por fraude hipotecario
e de tarxetas de crédito,
e de tarxetas de crédito,
12:17
and he will be released from Wormwood Scrubs jail in London
278
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e sairá do cárcere
de Wormwood Scrubs de Londres
de Wormwood Scrubs de Londres
12:20
in 2012.
279
725000
2000
no 2012.
12:22
Matrix001,
280
727000
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Matrix 001
12:26
who was an administrator at DarkMarket.
281
731000
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foi administrador en DarkMarket.
12:29
Born in Southern Germany
282
734000
2000
Naceu no sur de Alemaña
12:31
to a stable and well-respected middle class family,
283
736000
2000
nunha respetable familia de clase media,
12:33
his obsession with gaming as a teenager
284
738000
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e a súa obsesión adolescente polos xogos
12:36
led him to hacking.
285
741000
2000
levouno á piratería.
12:38
And he was soon controlling huge servers around the world
286
743000
4000
Pronto controlou
grandes servidores en todo o mundo
grandes servidores en todo o mundo
12:42
where he stored his games
287
747000
2000
nos que gardaba os xogos
12:44
that he had cracked and pirated.
288
749000
2000
que saqueara e pirateara.
12:46
His slide into criminality
289
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A súa incursión na delincuencia
12:48
was incremental.
290
753000
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foi en aumento.
12:50
And when he finally woke up to his situation
291
755000
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E cando se deu conta da situación
12:53
and understood the implications,
292
758000
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e entendeu as consecuencias,
12:55
he was already in too deep.
293
760000
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xa era tarde.
12:58
Max Vision, aka ICEMAN --
294
763000
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Max Vision, alias ICEMAN,
13:00
mastermind of cardersMarket.
295
765000
2000
cerebro de CardersMarket.
13:02
Born in Meridian, Idaho.
296
767000
2000
Nacido en Meridian, Idaho.
13:04
Max Vision was one of the best penetration testers
297
769000
4000
Dos mellores en probas de penetración,
a finais dos 90
a finais dos 90
13:08
working out of Santa Clara, California
298
773000
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traballaba en Santa Clara, California,
13:11
in the late 90s for private companies
299
776000
2000
para compañías privadas
13:13
and voluntarily for the FBI.
300
778000
3000
e como voluntario para o FBI.
13:16
Now in the late 1990s,
301
781000
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A finais dos 90,
13:18
he discovered a vulnerability
302
783000
2000
descubriu unha vulnerabilidade
13:20
on all U.S. government networks,
303
785000
3000
en tódalas redes do goberno de EE.UU.
13:23
and he went in and patched it up --
304
788000
2000
e púxolle un parche,
13:25
because this included nuclear research facilities --
305
790000
4000
xa que incluía ás instalacións
de investigación nuclear,
de investigación nuclear,
13:29
sparing the American government
306
794000
2000
evitándolle ao goberno estadounidense
13:31
a huge security embarrassment.
307
796000
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unha enorme vergoña na seguridade.
13:33
But also, because he was an inveterate hacker,
308
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Pero, como hacker emprendedor que era,
13:36
he left a tiny digital wormhole
309
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deixou un pequeno burato de verme dixital
13:38
through which he alone could crawl.
310
803000
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polo que só el podía entrar.
13:40
But this was spotted by an eagle-eye investigator,
311
805000
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Pero un investigador observador
descubriuno,
descubriuno,
13:43
and he was convicted.
312
808000
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e acusárono.
13:45
At his open prison,
313
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No réxime de cárcere aberto,
13:47
he came under the influence of financial fraudsters,
314
812000
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deixouse influír
polos defraudadores financeiros,
polos defraudadores financeiros,
13:49
and those financial fraudsters
315
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que o convenceron
13:51
persuaded him to work for them
316
816000
2000
de que traballase para eles
13:53
on his release.
317
818000
2000
trala súa liberación.
13:55
And this man with a planetary-sized brain
318
820000
3000
E este home de cerebro a escala planetaria
13:58
is now serving a 13-year sentence
319
823000
2000
está a cumprir unha condena de 13 anos
14:00
in California.
320
825000
2000
en California.
14:02
Adewale Taiwo, aka FeddyBB --
321
827000
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Adewale Taiwo, alias FeddyBB,
14:05
master bank account cracker
322
830000
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ciberladrón de contas bancarias.
14:07
from Abuja in Nigeria.
323
832000
3000
de Abuja, Nixeria.
14:10
He set up his prosaically entitled newsgroup,
324
835000
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Creou o seu grupo
cun nome pouco orixinal,
cun nome pouco orixinal,
14:13
bankfrauds@yahoo.co.uk
325
838000
5000
bankfrauds@yahoo.co.uk,
14:18
before arriving in Britain
326
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antes de chegar a Gran Bretaña
14:20
in 2005
327
845000
2000
no 2005
14:22
to take a Masters in chemical engineering
328
847000
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para facer un máster en Enxeñaría Química
14:24
at Manchester University.
329
849000
2000
na Universidade de Manchester.
14:26
He impressed in the private sector,
330
851000
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Sorprendeu ao sector privado
14:29
developing chemical applications for the oil industry
331
854000
3000
ao desenvolver productos químicos
para a industria petroleira
para a industria petroleira
14:32
while simultaneously running
332
857000
2000
mentres levaba ao mesmo tempo
14:34
a worldwide bank and credit card fraud operation that was worth millions
333
859000
3000
un fraude bancario e de tarxetas de crédito
millonario a nivel mundial
millonario a nivel mundial
14:37
until his arrest in 2008.
334
862000
4000
ata que o arrestaron no 2008.
14:41
And then finally, Cagatay Evyapan,
335
866000
2000
E por último, Cagatay Evyapan,
14:43
aka Cha0 --
336
868000
2000
alias Cha0,
14:45
one of the most remarkable hackers ever,
337
870000
2000
un dos hackers
máis extraodinarios da historia,
máis extraodinarios da historia,
14:47
from Ankara in Turkey.
338
872000
2000
de Ankara, Turquía.
14:49
He combined the tremendous skills of a geek
339
874000
3000
Combinou as formidables
habilidades dun friki
habilidades dun friki
14:52
with the suave social engineering skills
340
877000
4000
coas da enxeñaría social
14:56
of the master criminal.
341
881000
3000
dun mestre da delincuencia.
14:59
One of the smartest people I've ever met.
342
884000
3000
Unha das persoas
máis intelixentes que coñecín.
máis intelixentes que coñecín.
15:02
He also had the most effective
343
887000
2000
Tamén tiña a rede de seguridade
15:04
virtual private network security arrangement
344
889000
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virtual e privada máis eficaz
15:06
the police have ever encountered
345
891000
2000
coa que a policía se atopou
15:08
amongst global cybercriminals.
346
893000
2000
entre os cibercriminais do mundo.
15:10
Now the important thing
347
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Pero o importante
15:12
about all of these people
348
897000
2000
de toda esta xente
15:14
is they share certain characteristics
349
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2000
é que comparten certas características
15:16
despite the fact that they come from very different environments.
350
901000
4000
a pesar de que veñen
de ambientes diferentes.
de ambientes diferentes.
15:20
They are all people who learned their hacking skills
351
905000
3000
Todos aprenderon a piratería
15:23
in their early to mid-teens.
352
908000
3000
a comezos da adolescencia.
15:26
They are all people
353
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2000
Todos eles
15:28
who demonstrate advanced ability
354
913000
2000
demostraron unha gran capacidade
15:30
in maths and the sciences.
355
915000
3000
para as matemáticas e as ciencias.
15:33
Remember that, when they developed those hacking skills,
356
918000
2000
Lembren que,
cando desenvoleron esas habilidades,
cando desenvoleron esas habilidades,
15:35
their moral compass had not yet developed.
357
920000
4000
aínda non desenvolveran
o seu compás moral.
o seu compás moral.
15:39
And most of them, with the exception of SCRIPT and Cha0,
358
924000
3000
E a maioría, salvo SCRIPT e Cha0,
15:42
they did not demonstrate
359
927000
4000
non demostraron
15:46
any real social skills in the outside world --
360
931000
3000
habilidades sociais no mundo exterior,
15:49
only on the Web.
361
934000
2000
só na Web.
15:51
And the other thing is
362
936000
2000
E a outra cousa é
15:53
the high incidence of hackers like these
363
938000
2000
o alto índice de hackers coma estes
15:55
who have characteristics which are consistent
364
940000
3000
con características que concordan
15:58
with Asperger's syndrome.
365
943000
3000
coa síndrome de Asperger.
16:01
Now I discussed this
366
946000
2000
Debatín isto
16:03
with Professor Simon Baron-Cohen
367
948000
2000
co profesor Simon Baron-Cohen
16:05
who's the professor of developmental psychopathology at Cambridge.
368
950000
4000
que ensina psicopatoloxía
do desenvolvemento en Cambridge.
do desenvolvemento en Cambridge.
16:09
And he has done path-breaking work on autism
369
954000
4000
Levou a cabo
unha labor pioneira no autismo
unha labor pioneira no autismo
16:13
and confirmed, also for the authorities here,
370
958000
2000
e confirmou,
tamén para as autoridades locais,
tamén para as autoridades locais,
16:15
that Gary McKinnon --
371
960000
2000
que Gary McKinnon,
16:17
who is wanted by the United States
372
962000
2000
buscado polos Estados Unidos
16:19
for hacking into the Pentagon --
373
964000
2000
por piratear o sistema do Pentágono,
16:21
suffers from Asperger's
374
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2000
sofre de Asperger
16:23
and a secondary condition
375
968000
2000
e unha condición secundaria
16:25
of depression.
376
970000
2000
de depresión.
16:27
And Baron-Cohen explained
377
972000
2000
Baron-Cohen explicou
16:29
that certain disabilities
378
974000
2000
que certas discapacidades
16:31
can manifest themselves in the hacking and computing world
379
976000
3000
poden manifestarse
como habilidades formidables
como habilidades formidables
16:34
as tremendous skills,
380
979000
2000
no mundo virtual e da piratería,
16:36
and that we should not be throwing in jail
381
981000
2000
e que non deberiamos meter no cárcere
16:38
people who have such disabilities and skills
382
983000
3000
a xente con esas discapacidades
e habilidades
e habilidades
16:41
because they have lost their way socially
383
986000
3000
porque se descarriaron socialmente
16:44
or been duped.
384
989000
2000
ou foron enganados.
16:46
Now I think we're missing a trick here,
385
991000
3000
Pero aquí falta algo,
16:49
because I don't think people like Max Vision should be in jail.
386
994000
3000
porque non creo que xente
como Max Vision deba estar no cárcere.
como Max Vision deba estar no cárcere.
16:52
And let me be blunt about this.
387
997000
2000
Permítanme ser franco.
16:54
In China, in Russia and in loads of other countries
388
999000
3000
Na China, en Rusia
e en moitos outros países
e en moitos outros países
16:57
that are developing cyber-offensive capabilities,
389
1002000
3000
nos que se están desenvolvendo
capacidades ciberofensivas,
capacidades ciberofensivas,
17:00
this is exactly what they are doing.
390
1005000
2000
isto é exactamente o que están a facer.
17:02
They are recruiting hackers
391
1007000
2000
Están recrutando hackers
17:04
both before and after they become involved
392
1009000
3000
antes e despois de que se involucren
17:07
in criminal and industrial espionage activities --
393
1012000
3000
en actividades de espionaxe
criminal e industrial;
criminal e industrial;
17:10
are mobilizing them
394
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2000
estanos mobilizando
17:12
on behalf of the state.
395
1017000
2000
en nome do Estado.
17:14
We need to engage
396
1019000
2000
Temos que atraer
17:16
and find ways of offering guidance
397
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2000
e atopar medios para orientar
17:18
to these young people,
398
1023000
2000
a eses mozos
17:20
because they are a remarkable breed.
399
1025000
2000
porque son unha xeración sorprendente.
17:22
And if we rely, as we do at the moment,
400
1027000
2000
E se confiamos, como ata agora,
17:24
solely on the criminal justice system
401
1029000
3000
só no sistema de xustiza penal
17:27
and the threat of punitive sentences,
402
1032000
3000
e na ameaza das penas punitivas,
17:30
we will be nurturing a monster we cannot tame.
403
1035000
3000
estaremos alimentando a un monstro
que non poderemos amansar.
que non poderemos amansar.
17:33
Thank you very much for listening.
404
1038000
2000
Moitas grazas por escoitarme.
17:35
(Applause)
405
1040000
13000
(Aplausos)
17:48
Chris Anderson: So your idea worth spreading
406
1053000
2000
Chris Anderson: Así que a túa idea
17:50
is hire hackers.
407
1055000
2000
é contratar aos hackers.
17:52
How would someone get over that kind of fear
408
1057000
4000
¿Como superar esa especie de temor
17:56
that the hacker they hire
409
1061000
2000
de que o hacker contratado
17:58
might preserve that little teensy wormhole?
410
1063000
2000
preserve ese verme dixital?
18:00
MG: I think to an extent,
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MG: Creo que ata certo punto
18:02
you have to understand
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un ten que entender
18:04
that it's axiomatic among hackers that they do that.
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que está na natureza dos hackers facelo.
18:07
They're just relentless and obsessive
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Son implacables e obsesivos
18:10
about what they do.
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co que fan.
18:12
But all of the people who I've spoken to
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Pero tódalas persoas coas que falei
18:14
who have fallen foul of the law,
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que infrinxiron a lei,
18:16
they have all said, "Please, please give us a chance
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dixeron, "por favor,
denos unha oportunidade
denos unha oportunidade
18:19
to work in the legitimate industry.
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de traballar na industria lexítima.
18:22
We just never knew how to get there, what we were doing.
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Nunca soubemos como chegar ata alí,
nin o que estabamos facendo.
nin o que estabamos facendo.
18:25
We want to work with you."
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Queremos traballar contigo".
18:27
Chris Anderson: Okay, well that makes sense. Thanks a lot Misha.
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Chris Anderson: Ben, ten sentido.
Moitas grazas Misha.
Moitas grazas Misha.
18:30
(Applause)
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(Aplausos)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Misha Glenny - Underworld investigatorJournalist Misha Glenny leaves no stone unturned (and no failed state unexamined) in his excavation of criminal globalization.
Why you should listen
In minute detail, Misha Glenny's 2008 book McMafia illuminates the byzantine outlines of global organized crime. Whether it's pot smugglers in British Columbia, oil/weapons/people traffickers in Eastern Europe, Japanese yakuza or Nigerian scammers, to research this magisterial work Glenny penetrated the convoluted, globalized and franchised modern underworld -- often at considerable personal risk.
The book that resulted is an exhaustive look at an unseen industry that Glenny believes may account for 15% of the world's GDP.
Legal society ignores this world at its peril, but Glenny suggests that conventional law enforcement might not be able to combat a problem whose roots lie in global instability.
While covering the Central Europe beat for the Guardian and the BBC, Glenny wrote several acclaimed books on the fall of Yugoslavia and the rise of the Balkan nations. He's researching a new book on cybercrime, of which he says: "The key to cybercrime is what we call social engineering. Or to use the technical term for it, there's one born every minute."
Watch TED's exclusive video Q&A with Glenny: "Behind the Scenes of McMafia" >>
Misha Glenny | Speaker | TED.com