TEDGlobal 2011
Misha Glenny: Hire the hackers!
Miša Gleni: Unajmite hakere!
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Uprkos ulaganjima od više milijardi dolara u sajber sigurnost, jedan od fundamentalnih problema dugo je ignorisan: ko su ljudi koji pišu zlonameran softver? Detektiv Miša Gleni pravi profile nekolicine osuđenih hakera širom sveta i donosi potresan zaključak.
Misha Glenny - Underworld investigator
Journalist Misha Glenny leaves no stone unturned (and no failed state unexamined) in his excavation of criminal globalization. Full bio
Journalist Misha Glenny leaves no stone unturned (and no failed state unexamined) in his excavation of criminal globalization. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
Now this is a very un-TED-like thing to do,
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Ovo nije stvar koja nalikuje TED-u
00:18
but let's kick off the afternoon
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ali hajde da započnemo
00:21
with a message
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ovo popodne
00:23
from a mystery sponsor.
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porukom misterioznog sponzora.
00:26
Anonymous: Dear Fox News,
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Anonimus: Drage Foks vesti
00:28
it has come to our unfortunate attention
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na naše razočarenje, došli smo do saznanja
00:31
that both the name and nature of Anonymous
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da su ime i priroda Anonimusa
00:33
has been ravaged.
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i priroda Anonimusa izvrgnuti ruglu.
00:35
We are everyone. We are no one.
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Mi smo svako i mi smo niko.
00:38
We are anonymous. We are legion.
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Mi smo anonimni. Mi smo legija.
00:41
We do not forgive. We do not forget.
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Mi ne opraštamo. Mi ne zaboravljamo.
00:44
We are but the base of chaos.
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Mi smo temelj haosa.
00:49
Misha Glenny: Anonymous, ladies and gentlemen --
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Miša Gleni: Anonimus, dame i gospodo,
00:52
a sophisticated group
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je sofisticirana grupa
00:54
of politically motivated hackers
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politički motivisanih hakera
00:56
who have emerged in 2011.
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koja se uzdigla 2011.
00:59
And they're pretty scary.
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Prilično su strašni.
01:01
You never know when they're going to attack next,
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Nikada ne znate kada ili koga će sledeći put da napadnu,
01:04
who or what the consequences will be.
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i kakve će posledice biti.
01:07
But interestingly,
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Međutim, ono što je zanimljivo,
01:09
they have a sense of humor.
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jeste da imaju smisla za humor.
01:12
These guys hacked into Fox News' Twitter account
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Ovi momci su hakovali Tviter profil Foks vesti
01:16
to announce President Obama's assassination.
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da najave atentat na predsednika Obamu.
01:20
Now you can imagine the panic that would have generated
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Možete da zamislite kakvu je to paniku
01:23
in the newsroom at Fox.
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izazvalo u redakciji Foksa.
01:25
"What do we do now?
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"Šta ćemo sada da radimo?
01:27
Put on a black armband, or crack open the champagne?"
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Hoćemo li obući crninu ili otvoriti šampanjac?"
01:30
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
01:32
And of course, who could escape the irony
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Naravno, kome može da promakne ironija da je, za promenu,
01:36
of a member of Rupert Murdoch's News Corp.
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član Njuz korporacije Ruperta Murdoka
01:39
being a victim of hacking for a change.
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bio žrtva hakerskog napada.
01:42
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
01:44
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
01:48
Sometimes you turn on the news
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Ponekad, kada pogledate vesti, prosto se zapitate:
01:51
and you say, "Is there anyone left to hack?"
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"Da li je ostao još neko ko bi mogao biti hakovan?"
01:53
Sony Playstation Network -- done,
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Soni plejstejšn mreža -- urađeno,
01:56
the government of Turkey -- tick,
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vlada Turske -- štiklirano,
01:58
Britain's Serious Organized Crime Agency -- a breeze,
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Britanska agencija za borbu protiv organizovanog kriminala - prosto kao pasulj
02:01
the CIA -- falling off a log.
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CIA -- ništa lakše.
02:03
In fact, a friend of mine from the security industry
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U stvari, moj prijatelj iz bezbednosne industrije
02:05
told me the other day
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rekao mi je pre neki dan
02:07
that there are two types of companies in the world:
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da na svetu postoje dve vrste kompanija:
02:10
those that know they've been hacked, and those that don't.
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one koje znaju da su hakovane i one koje to ne znaju.
02:13
I mean three companies
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Ja mislim da su tri kompanije
02:16
providing cybersecurity services to the FBI
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koje FBI-u pružaju usluge sajber sigurnosti
02:20
have been hacked.
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bile hakovane.
02:22
Is nothing sacred anymore, for heaven's sake?
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Zar više ništa nije sveto, zaboga?
02:25
Anyway, this mysterious group Anonymous --
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Uglavnom, ova misteriozna grupa Anonimus --
02:27
and they would say this themselves --
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a ovo bi oni i sami za sebe rekli --
02:29
they are providing a service
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čine nam uslugu
02:31
by demonstrating how useless companies are
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time što nam pokazuje koliko kompanije nisu vične
02:35
at protecting our data.
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zaštiti naših podataka.
02:38
But there is also a very serious aspect to Anonymous --
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Postoji i veoma bitan aspekt Anonimusa --
02:41
they are ideologically driven.
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njih pokreće ideologija.
02:44
They claim that they are battling
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Oni tvrde da se bore protiv
02:46
a dastardly conspiracy.
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zle i okrutne zavere.
02:49
They say that governments are trying
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Po njihovom mišljenju, vlade se trude
02:51
to take over the Internet and control it,
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da preuzmu internet i kontrolišu ga
02:54
and that they, Anonymous,
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a oni, Anonimus,
02:56
are the authentic voice of resistance --
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su jedinstveni glas otpora,
02:59
be it against Middle Eastern dictatorships,
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bilo protiv diktatora na Srednjem Istoku,
03:01
against global media corporations,
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protiv globalnih medijskih kuća,
03:04
or against intelligence agencies,
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obaveštajnih agencija,
03:06
or whoever it is.
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ili bilo koga drugog.
03:08
And their politics are not entirely unattractive.
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Njihova politika nije potpuno neprivlačna.
03:12
Okay, they're a little inchoate.
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Dobro, oni jesu pomalo nejasni.
03:15
There's a strong whiff
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Vezan za njih, postoji
03:17
of half-baked anarchism about them.
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jak trag polu-anarhizma.
03:20
But one thing is true:
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Međutim, postoji jedna istina:
03:22
we are at the beginning
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to je da smo mi na početku
03:24
of a mighty struggle
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velike bitke
03:26
for control of the Internet.
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za prevlast na internetu.
03:29
The Web links everything,
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Mreža povezuje sve
03:31
and very soon
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i uskoro će
03:33
it will mediate most human activity.
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posredovati većini ljudskih aktivnosti,
03:35
Because the Internet has fashioned
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zato što je internet oblikovao
03:37
a new and complicated environment
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novo i komplikovano okruženje
03:39
for an old-age dilemma
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za jednu staru dilemu,
03:42
that pits the demands of security
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koje zahteve za sigurnošću
03:45
with the desire for freedom.
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suprotstavlja želji za slobodom.
03:48
Now this is a very complicated struggle.
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Ovo je veoma komplikovana borba.
03:52
And unfortunately, for mortals like you and me,
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Nažalost, smrtnici kao što smo vi i ja,
03:55
we probably can't understand it very well.
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verovatno ne mogu dobro da je razumeju.
03:58
Nonetheless,
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Pa ipak,
04:00
in an unexpected attack of hubris
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u jednom neočekivanom napadu oholosti,
04:02
a couple of years ago,
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pre nekoliko godina,
04:04
I decided I would try and do that.
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odlučio sam da probam baš to.
04:07
And I sort of get it.
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I donekle sam ukapirao.
04:11
These were the various things that I was looking at
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Ovo su razne stvari kojima sam posvetio pažnju
04:13
as I was trying to understand it.
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dok sam pokušavao da razumem tu bitku.
04:15
But in order to try and explain the whole thing,
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Ali, da bih vam objasnio celu tu priču,
04:18
I would need another 18 minutes or so to do it,
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bilo bi mi neophodno još nekih 18 minuta,
04:21
so you're just going to have to take it on trust from me on this occasion,
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tako da ćete morati da mi verujete ovom prilikom,
04:26
and let me assure you that all of these issues
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kada vam kažem da su svi ovi problemi
04:28
are involved in cybersecurity and control of the Internet
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umešani u sajber bezbednost i kontrolu interneta,
04:31
one way or the other,
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na jedan ili drugi način,
04:33
but in a configuration
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a u takvoj konfiguraciji
04:35
that even Stephen Hawking would probably have difficulty
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koju bi čak i Stiven Hoking,
04:38
trying to get his head around.
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razumeo sa velikim poteškoćama.
04:41
So there you are.
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Evo nas.
04:43
And as you see, in the middle,
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Kao što možete da vidite,
04:45
there is our old friend, the hacker.
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tu je naš stari prijatelj, haker.
04:47
The hacker is absolutely central
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Haker je apsolutni centar
04:50
to many of the political, social
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većine političkih, socijalnih i
04:52
and economic issues affecting the Net.
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ekonomskih problema koji pogađaju Mrežu.
04:55
And so I thought to myself,
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I tako sam jednom prilikom pomislio:
04:58
"Well, these are the guys who I want to talk to."
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"Ovo su momci sa kojima želim da razgovaram".
05:01
And what do you know,
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Znate šta,
05:04
nobody else does talk to the hackers.
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niko drugi ne priča sa hakerima.
05:06
They're completely anonymous, as it were.
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Oni su potpuno anonimni.
05:09
So despite the fact
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Uprkos činjenici
05:11
that we are beginning to pour billions,
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da ulažemo milijarde,
05:14
hundreds of billions of dollars,
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stotine milijardi dolara
05:16
into cybersecurity --
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u sajber bezbednost --
05:19
for the most extraordinary technical solutions --
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za najneverovatnija tehnička rešenja --
05:23
no one wants to talk
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niko ne želi da priča
05:25
to these guys, the hackers,
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sa ovim momcima, hakerima,
05:27
who are doing everything.
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od kojih svi problemi potiču.
05:30
Instead, we prefer these really dazzling technological solutions,
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Umesto toga, preferiramo zbunjujuća tehnološka rešenja,
05:35
which cost a huge amount of money.
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koja nas koštaju ogromne svote novca.
05:38
And so nothing is going into the hackers.
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Tako da se ništa ne ulaže u hakere.
05:41
Well, I say nothing,
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Iako sam rekao ništa,
05:43
but actually there is one teeny weeny little research unit
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zapravo postoji jedna jako mala istraživačka jedinica
05:47
in Turin, Italy
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u Torinu, u Italiji
05:49
called the Hackers Profiling Project.
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nazvana "Projekat profilisanja hakera".
05:52
And they are doing some fantastic research
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Oni vrše fantastično istraživanje
05:55
into the characteristics,
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o osobinama,
05:57
into the abilities
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mogućnostima
05:59
and the socialization of hackers.
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i socijalizaciji hakera.
06:01
But because they're a U.N. operation,
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Oni posluju pod pokroviteljstvom Ujedinjenih Nacija
06:03
maybe that's why governments and corporations
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i možda je to razlog zašto vlade i korporacije
06:05
are not that interested in them.
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nisu zainteresovane za njih.
06:07
Because it's a U.N. operation,
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Zbog toga što su deo Ujedinjenih Nacija,
06:09
of course, it lacks funding.
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nedostaju im investicije.
06:12
But I think they're doing very important work.
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Ali, po mom mišljenju, oni se bave veoma bitnim poslom,
06:15
Because where we have a surplus of technology
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zato što tamo gde imamo višak tehnologije
06:19
in the cybersecurity industry,
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u industriji sajber sigurnosti,
06:22
we have a definite lack of --
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ono što nam nedostaje --
06:25
call me old-fashioned --
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slobodno me nazovite staromodnim--
06:27
human intelligence.
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je ljudska inteligencija.
06:29
Now, so far I've mentioned
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Do sada sam pomenuo
06:31
the hackers Anonymous
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samo hakere Anonimusa
06:33
who are a politically motivated hacking group.
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koji su politički motivisana grupa hakera.
06:36
Of course, the criminal justice system
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Naravno, naš pravosudni sistem
06:38
treats them as common old garden criminals.
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njih tretira kao obične kriminalce.
06:40
But interestingly,
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Međutim, interesantno je da
06:42
Anonymous does not make use of its hacked information
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Anonimus ne koristi hakovane informacije
06:44
for financial gain.
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za finansijsku dobit.
06:46
But what about the real cybercriminals?
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Šta su zapravo sajber kriminalci?
06:50
Well real organized crime on the Internet
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Pravi organizovani kriminal na internetu
06:53
goes back about 10 years
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može se pratiti 10 godina u prošlost,
06:55
when a group of gifted Ukrainian hackers
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kada je grupa nadarenih hakera iz Ukrajine
07:00
developed a website,
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razvila veb sajt
07:02
which led to the industrialization
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koji nas je odveo u industrijalizaciju
07:04
of cybercrime.
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sajber kriminala.
07:07
Welcome to the now forgotten realm of CarderPlanet.
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Dobrodošli u sada zaboravljeno carstvo Karder Planeta.
07:13
This is how they were advertising themselves
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Ovako su se oni reklamirali na internetu
07:15
a decade ago on the Net.
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pre jedne decenije.
07:18
Now CarderPlanet was very interesting.
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Karder Planeta je bila veoma zanimljiva.
07:20
Cybercriminals would go there
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Sajber kriminalci su odlazili tamo
07:22
to buy and sell stolen credit card details,
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da bi prodali i kupili informacije o ukradenim kreditnim karticama
07:25
to exchange information
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i razmenili informacije
07:27
about new malware that was out there.
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o novom, zlonamernom softveru.
07:30
And remember, this is a time
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Zapamtite, tada smo se po prvi put
07:32
when we're seeing for the first time
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sreli sa gotovim,
07:34
so-called off-the-shelf malware.
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zlonamernim softverom.
07:36
This is ready for use, out-of-the-box stuff,
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Ovaj softver je spreman za upotrebu čim ga kupite
07:39
which you can deploy
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i možete ga koristiti
07:41
even if you're not a terribly sophisticated hacker.
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čak iako niste jako sofisticirani haker.
07:45
And so CarderPlanet became a sort of supermarket
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I tako je KarderPlaneta postala neka vrsta supermarketa
07:48
for cybercriminals.
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za sajber kriminalce.
07:50
And its creators
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Njegovi kreatori
07:52
were incredibly smart and entrepreneurial,
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su bili neverovatno pametni i preduzimljivi
07:54
because they were faced
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zato što su se suočavali
07:56
with one enormous challenge as cybercriminals.
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sa neverovatnim izazovom, tj. sajber kriminalciima.
07:59
And that challenge is:
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Izazov leži u sledećem:
08:01
How do you do business,
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Kako voditi posao
08:03
how do you trust
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i kako verovati nekome
08:05
somebody on the Web who you want to do business with
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sa kime želite da poslujete preko interneta
08:07
when you know that they're a criminal?
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kada znate da su oni kriminalci?
08:10
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
08:12
It's axiomatic that they're dodgy,
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Očigledno je da su nepošteni
08:14
and they're going to want to try and rip you off.
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i da će želeti da vas prevare.
08:17
So the family, as the inner core of CarderPlanet was known,
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Tako je "porodica", najuži krug KarderPlanete,
08:20
came up with this brilliant idea
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došla na neverovatnu ideju
08:22
called the escrow system.
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koju su nazvali "Eskrou" sistem.
08:24
They appointed an officer
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Postavili su jednog službenika
08:27
who would mediate between the vendor and the purchaser.
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koji je posredovao između prodavca i kupca.
08:30
The vendor, say, had stolen credit card details;
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Recimo da prodavac ima ukradene detalje o kreditnoj kartici;
08:33
the purchaser wanted to get a hold of them.
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kupac želi da ih se domogne.
08:36
The purchaser would send the administrative officer
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Kupac bi službeniku poslao
08:39
some dollars digitally,
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nešto novca elektronskim putem,
08:41
and the vendor would sell the stolen credit card details.
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a prodavac bi mu prodao detalje o ukradenoj kartici.
08:44
And the officer would then verify
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Službenik bi onda proverio
08:47
if the stolen credit card worked.
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da li ukradena kartica radi.
08:50
And if they did,
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Ako kartica radi,
08:52
he then passed on the money to the vendor
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novac bi poslao prodavcu,
08:54
and the stolen credit card details to the purchaser.
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a detalje o kartici kupcu.
08:57
And it was this
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Upravo je ovo izazvalo kompletnu revoluciju
08:59
which completely revolutionized cybercrime on the Web.
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sajber kriminala na Mreži.
09:04
And after that, it just went wild.
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Nakon toga, to je postalo nezaustavljivo.
09:06
We had a champagne decade
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Nastupila je decenija slavlja
09:08
for people who we know as Carders.
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za ljude koje danas znamo kao Kardere.
09:11
Now I spoke to one of these Carders
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Ja sam razgovarao sa jednim od njih,
09:13
who we'll call RedBrigade --
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nazovimo ga CrvenaBrigada,
09:15
although that wasn't even his proper nickname --
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iako to nije bio njegov pravi nadimak,
09:17
but I promised I wouldn't reveal who he was.
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ali sam mu obećao da neću otkriti ko je on.
09:19
And he explained to me how in 2003 and 2004
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Objasnio mi je kako je 2003. i 2004.
09:22
he would go on sprees in New York,
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u Njujorku često obilazio bankomate,
09:25
taking out $10,000 from an ATM here,
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uzimajući 10 hiljada dolara sa jednog bankomata,
09:28
$30,000 from an ATM there,
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30 hiljada dolara sa drugog,
09:31
using cloned credit cards.
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a sve to koristeći falsifikovane platne kartice.
09:34
He was making, on average a week,
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U proseku je nedeljno zarađivao
09:37
$150,000 --
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150 hiljada dolara.
09:40
tax free of course.
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Naravno, sve je bilo oslobođeno poreza.
09:42
And he said
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Rekao mi je da je u jednom trenutku
09:45
that he had so much money
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imao toliko novca u svom stanu
09:47
stashed in his upper-East side apartment at one point
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u bogataškom kraju Njujorka
09:49
that he just didn't know what to do with it
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da nije znao šta da radi sa njim
09:51
and actually fell into a depression.
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i zato je pao u depresiju.
09:53
But that's a slightly different story,
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Međutim, to je malo drugačija priča,
09:55
which I won't go into now.
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u koju sada neću da zalazim.
09:57
Now the interesting thing about RedBrigade
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Ono što je interesantno kod CrveneBrigade
10:00
is that he wasn't an advanced hacker.
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jeste da on nije bio napredni haker.
10:02
He sort of understood the technology,
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Donekle je razumeo tehnologiju
10:04
and he realized that security was very important
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i shvatio je da je bezbednost veoma bitna
10:07
if you were going to be a Carder,
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ako želite da budete Karder,
10:10
but he didn't spend his days and nights
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ali nije provodio dane i noći
10:12
bent over a computer, eating pizza,
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ispred kompjutera, jedući picu,
10:14
drinking coke and that sort of thing.
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pijući kolu i slično.
10:16
He was out there on the town
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Ne, on se u stvari provodio u gradu
10:18
having a fab time enjoying the high life.
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uživajući u životu na visokoj nozi.
10:20
And this is because
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Ovo je zato što su hakeri
10:22
hackers are only one element
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samo jedan od elemenata
10:25
in a cybercriminal enterprise.
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sajber kriminala.
10:28
And often they're the most vulnerable element of all.
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Najčešće su i najranjiviji deo od svih.
10:34
And I want to explain this to you
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Želim da vam objasnim ovo
10:36
by introducing you to six characters
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time što ću vas upoznati sa 6 osoba
10:38
who I met
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koje sam upoznao
10:40
while I was doing this research.
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dok sam radio na ovom istraživanju.
10:43
Dimitry Golubov, aka SCRIPT --
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Dimitrij Golubov, poznatiji kao SKRIPTA--
10:46
born in Odessa, Ukraine in 1982.
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rođen je u Odesi, u Ukrajini 1982.
10:49
Now he developed his social and moral compass
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Razvio je svoje socijalne i moralne norme
10:52
on the Black Sea port during the 1990s.
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u ovoj luci na obali Crnog mora 1990tih.
10:55
This was a sink-or-swim environment
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Ovo je bilo jedno okrutno okruženje
10:58
where involvement in criminal or corrupt activities
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gde ste morali biti umešani
11:02
was entirely necessary
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u korupciju i kriminalne aktivnosti
11:04
if you wanted to survive.
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ako ste želeli da preživite.
11:06
As an accomplished computer user,
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Ono što je Dimitrij uradio,
11:08
what Dimitry did
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kao ostvareni kompjuteraš,
11:10
was to transfer the gangster capitalism of his hometown
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jeste da je premestio gangsterski kapitalizam
11:14
onto the Worldwide Web.
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svog rodnog grada na Mrežu.
11:16
And he did a great job in it.
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To je zaista dobro uradio.
11:18
You have to understand though
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Treba da razumemo
11:20
that from his ninth birthday,
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da je gangsterizam
11:22
the only environment he knew
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jedino okruženje za koje je on znao
11:24
was gangsterism.
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od svog devetog rođendana.
11:26
He knew no other way of making a living
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Nije poznavao nijedan drugi način preživljavanja
11:28
and making money.
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ili zarađivanja novca.
11:30
Then we have Renukanth Subramaniam,
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Dalje imamo Renakanta Sabramaniama,
11:32
aka JiLsi --
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bolje poznatog kao DžiLzi--
11:34
founder of DarkMarket,
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on je tvorac CrnogTržišta,
11:36
born in Colombo, Sri Lanka.
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rođen u Kolombu, na Šri Lanki.
11:38
As an eight year-old,
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Kao osmogodišnjak
11:40
he and his parents fled the Sri Lankan capital
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sa roditeljima je pobegao iz glavnog grada Šri Lanke
11:42
because Singhalese mobs were roaming the city,
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zato što su rulje Singaleza preplavile grad
11:45
looking for Tamils like Renu to murder.
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u potrazi za Tamilima, kojima je Rena pripadao, da bi ih ubili.
11:48
At 11, he was interrogated by the Sri Lankan military,
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Sa 11 godina je bio ispitivan od strane policije Šri Lanke
11:50
accused of being a terrorist,
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i optužen da je terorista.
11:52
and his parents sent him on his own to Britain
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Njegovi roditelji su ga poslali u Britaniju
11:56
as a refugee seeking political asylum.
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da kao politički izbeglica zatraži azil.
11:59
At 13,
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Sa trinaest godina znao je veoma malo engleskog
12:01
with only little English and being bullied at school,
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i bio je zlostavljan u školi,
12:04
he escaped into a world of computers
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tako da je pobegao u svet kompjutera,
12:07
where he showed great technical ability,
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gde je pokazao ogromne tehničke sposobnosti,
12:09
but he was soon being seduced
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ali je uskoro bio zaveden
12:12
by people on the Internet.
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od strane ljudi na Internetu.
12:14
He was convicted of mortgage and credit card fraud,
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Osuđen je za falsifikovanje kreditnih kartica i hipoteka
12:17
and he will be released from Wormwood Scrubs jail in London
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i biće oslobođen iz Vormvud zatvora u Londonu
12:20
in 2012.
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2012. godine.
12:22
Matrix001,
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Matriks001
12:26
who was an administrator at DarkMarket.
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je bio jedan od administratora CrnogTržišta.
12:29
Born in Southern Germany
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Rođen je u južnoj Nemačkoj
12:31
to a stable and well-respected middle class family,
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u dobrostojećoj i uglednoj porodici iz srednje klase.
12:33
his obsession with gaming as a teenager
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Kao tinejdžer, bio je opsednut igranjem igara
12:36
led him to hacking.
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što ga je na kraju dovelo do hakovanja.
12:38
And he was soon controlling huge servers around the world
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Nedugo potom, kontrolisao je ogromne servere širom sveta,
12:42
where he stored his games
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na kojima je čuvao piratizovane verzije igara
12:44
that he had cracked and pirated.
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koje je sam krekovao.
12:46
His slide into criminality
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Njegov ulazak u kriminal
12:48
was incremental.
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bio je postepen.
12:50
And when he finally woke up to his situation
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Kada je konačno shvatio u kakvoj se situaciji nalazi
12:53
and understood the implications,
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i kada je razumeo implikacije
12:55
he was already in too deep.
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već je bio preduboko zagazio u svet kriminala.
12:58
Max Vision, aka ICEMAN --
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Maks Vižn, poznatiji kao AJSMEN,
13:00
mastermind of cardersMarket.
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bio je tvorac KardersTržišta,
13:02
Born in Meridian, Idaho.
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rođen u Meridijanu, u državi Ajdaho.
13:04
Max Vision was one of the best penetration testers
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Maks Vižn je bio jedan od najboljih istraživača
13:08
working out of Santa Clara, California
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mogućih tačaka upada. Radio je u Santa Klari, u Kaliforniji
13:11
in the late 90s for private companies
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tokom 90tih, za privatne kompanije
13:13
and voluntarily for the FBI.
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i kao volonter, za FBI.
13:16
Now in the late 1990s,
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Tokom kasnih 1990.
13:18
he discovered a vulnerability
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otkrio je slabe tačke
13:20
on all U.S. government networks,
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u svim mrežama vlade Sjedinjenih Država
13:23
and he went in and patched it up --
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i zakrpio ih je-- zbog toga što su one obuhvatale
13:25
because this included nuclear research facilities --
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i postrojenja za nuklearna istraživanja--
13:29
sparing the American government
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time čuvajući američku vladu
13:31
a huge security embarrassment.
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od velike sramote vezane za bezbednost.
13:33
But also, because he was an inveterate hacker,
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Isto tako, zato što je bio okoreli hakeraš,
13:36
he left a tiny digital wormhole
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ostavio je mali digitalni prolaz
13:38
through which he alone could crawl.
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kroz koji je samo on znao da se provuče.
13:40
But this was spotted by an eagle-eye investigator,
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Međutim, ovo je primetio jedan oštrooki istraživač,
13:43
and he was convicted.
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a on je osuđen.
13:45
At his open prison,
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U njegovom zatvoru sa minimalnim obezbeđenjem
13:47
he came under the influence of financial fraudsters,
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dospeo je pod uticaj ljudi koji su se bavili finansijskim prevarama
13:49
and those financial fraudsters
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i upravo su ga ti ljudi
13:51
persuaded him to work for them
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ubedili da radi za njih
13:53
on his release.
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nakon njegovog puštanja iz zatvora.
13:55
And this man with a planetary-sized brain
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Sada je ovaj neverovatno inteligentan čovek
13:58
is now serving a 13-year sentence
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na trinaestogodišnjem izdržavanju kazne
14:00
in California.
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u Kaliforniji.
14:02
Adewale Taiwo, aka FeddyBB --
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Edivalej Taivo, poznatiji kao FediBiBi
14:05
master bank account cracker
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iz Abudže u Nigeriji,
14:07
from Abuja in Nigeria.
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provaljivao je u bankovne račune.
14:10
He set up his prosaically entitled newsgroup,
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Postavio je grupu za razmenu vesti sa veoma dosadnim nazivom
14:13
bankfrauds@yahoo.co.uk
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bankfrauds@yahoo.co.uk (bankarskeprevare@yahoo.co.uk)
14:18
before arriving in Britain
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pre dolaska u Britaniju
14:20
in 2005
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u 2005.
14:22
to take a Masters in chemical engineering
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gde je dobio Master diplomu hemijskog inženjeringa
14:24
at Manchester University.
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na Univerzitu u Mančesteru.
14:26
He impressed in the private sector,
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Ostavio je jak trag u privatnom sektoru
14:29
developing chemical applications for the oil industry
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gde je razvijao hemijske premaze za naftnu industriju
14:32
while simultaneously running
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dok je istovremeno, širom sveta, radio na bankarskim prevarama
14:34
a worldwide bank and credit card fraud operation that was worth millions
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i prevarama sa kreditnim karticama koje su mu donele milione
14:37
until his arrest in 2008.
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dok nije uhapšen 2008.
14:41
And then finally, Cagatay Evyapan,
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I konačno, Kagatej Eviapan,
14:43
aka Cha0 --
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poznatiji kao Ča0 --
14:45
one of the most remarkable hackers ever,
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jedan od najizvanrednijih hakera ikada
14:47
from Ankara in Turkey.
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iz Ankare u Turskoj.
14:49
He combined the tremendous skills of a geek
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On je kombinovao neverovatne veštine štrebera
14:52
with the suave social engineering skills
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sa umilnim socijalnim veštinama
14:56
of the master criminal.
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velikog kriminalca.
14:59
One of the smartest people I've ever met.
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On je jedan od najpametnijih ljudi koje sam ikada upoznao.
15:02
He also had the most effective
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Takodje je posedovao najefektivniju
15:04
virtual private network security arrangement
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zaštitu virtuelne privatne mreže
15:06
the police have ever encountered
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sa kojom se policija ikada susrela
15:08
amongst global cybercriminals.
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među svetskim sajber-kriminalcima.
15:10
Now the important thing
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Sada, ono što je važno
15:12
about all of these people
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a što se tiče svih ovih ljudi
15:14
is they share certain characteristics
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jeste da oni dele izvesne osobine,
15:16
despite the fact that they come from very different environments.
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bez obzira na to da dolaze iz veoma različitih sredina.
15:20
They are all people who learned their hacking skills
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Svi su oni naučili veštine hakovanja kao veoma mladi,
15:23
in their early to mid-teens.
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najkasnije do 15. godine.
15:26
They are all people
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Svi oni pokazuju
15:28
who demonstrate advanced ability
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izuzetno napredne sposobnosti
15:30
in maths and the sciences.
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za matematiku i druge nauke.
15:33
Remember that, when they developed those hacking skills,
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Takođe upamtite da dok su razvijali ove veštine,
15:35
their moral compass had not yet developed.
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još uvek nisu imali razvijeni moralni kompas.
15:39
And most of them, with the exception of SCRIPT and Cha0,
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Isto tako, većina njih, sa izuzetkom SKRIPT-a i Ča0,
15:42
they did not demonstrate
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nije pokazivala
15:46
any real social skills in the outside world --
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nikakve društvene veštine u stvarnom svetu--
15:49
only on the Web.
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samo na Mreži.
15:51
And the other thing is
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Druga bitna stvar
15:53
the high incidence of hackers like these
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je učestalost hakera koji imaju
15:55
who have characteristics which are consistent
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osobine dosledne onima
15:58
with Asperger's syndrome.
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koje se javljaju kod Aspergerovog sindroma.
16:01
Now I discussed this
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Diskutovao sam o ovome
16:03
with Professor Simon Baron-Cohen
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sa profesorom Sajmonom Baron-Kohenom,
16:05
who's the professor of developmental psychopathology at Cambridge.
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profesorom razvojne psihopatologije na Kembridžu.
16:09
And he has done path-breaking work on autism
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Sproveo je revolucionaran rad na polju istraživanja autizma
16:13
and confirmed, also for the authorities here,
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i potvrdio, takođe i za ovdašnje vlasti,
16:15
that Gary McKinnon --
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da Geri MekKinon--
16:17
who is wanted by the United States
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za kojim je izdata poternica u Sjedinjenim Državama
16:19
for hacking into the Pentagon --
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zbog hakovanja Pentagona--
16:21
suffers from Asperger's
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boluje od Aspergerovog sindroma
16:23
and a secondary condition
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i sekudarnog stanja
16:25
of depression.
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depresije.
16:27
And Baron-Cohen explained
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Baron-Kohen je takođe objasnio
16:29
that certain disabilities
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da se neke nesposobnosti
16:31
can manifest themselves in the hacking and computing world
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mogu pokazati kao neverovatne veštine
16:34
as tremendous skills,
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u svetu hakovanja i kompjutera
16:36
and that we should not be throwing in jail
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i da ne bi trebali da zatvaramo ljude
16:38
people who have such disabilities and skills
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koji pate od takvih nesposobnosti i veština
16:41
because they have lost their way socially
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samo zbog toga što su izgubili svoj put u društvu
16:44
or been duped.
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ili zato što su bili prevareni.
16:46
Now I think we're missing a trick here,
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Mislim da propuštamo jednu bitnu činjenicu,
16:49
because I don't think people like Max Vision should be in jail.
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pošto ja ne mislim da ljudi kao Maks Vižn treba da budu u zatvoru.
16:52
And let me be blunt about this.
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Dozvolite mi da budem otvoren.
16:54
In China, in Russia and in loads of other countries
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U Kini, Rusiji i mnoštvu drugih zemalja u kojima se javlja
16:57
that are developing cyber-offensive capabilities,
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ponašanje koje se opisuje kao sajber-opasno,
17:00
this is exactly what they are doing.
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čini se upravo sledeća stvar.
17:02
They are recruiting hackers
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Oni regrutuju hakere
17:04
both before and after they become involved
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pre i nakon što oni postanu umešani
17:07
in criminal and industrial espionage activities --
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u kriminal i industrijsku špijunažu--
17:10
are mobilizing them
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i mobilišu ih
17:12
on behalf of the state.
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zarad dobrobiti države.
17:14
We need to engage
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Moramo da se uključimo
17:16
and find ways of offering guidance
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i pronađemo načine da ovim mladim ljudima
17:18
to these young people,
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ponudimo vodilju,
17:20
because they are a remarkable breed.
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zato što oni čine jednu neverovatnu grupu ljudi.
17:22
And if we rely, as we do at the moment,
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Ako nastavimo da se oslanjamo, kao i do sada
17:24
solely on the criminal justice system
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samo na pravosudni sistem
17:27
and the threat of punitive sentences,
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i pretnju kažnjavanjem,
17:30
we will be nurturing a monster we cannot tame.
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odgajićemo čudovište koje nećemo moći da savladamo.
17:33
Thank you very much for listening.
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Hvala vam puno što ste me saslušali.
17:35
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
17:48
Chris Anderson: So your idea worth spreading
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Kris Anderson: Dakle, tvoja ideja vredna širenja
17:50
is hire hackers.
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jeste da treba zaposliti hakere.
17:52
How would someone get over that kind of fear
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Kako neko može da prevaziđe strah
17:56
that the hacker they hire
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da hakeri koje je unajmio neće ostaviti
17:58
might preserve that little teensy wormhole?
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takvu malenu rupu kroz koju mogu da se provuku?
18:00
MG: I think to an extent,
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Miša Gleni: Mislim da donekle
18:02
you have to understand
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treba da razumemo
18:04
that it's axiomatic among hackers that they do that.
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da su to očigledne stvari koje hakeri rade.
18:07
They're just relentless and obsessive
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Jako su uporni i opsednuti
18:10
about what they do.
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onime što rade.
18:12
But all of the people who I've spoken to
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Ali, svi ljudi sa kojima sam razgovarao,
18:14
who have fallen foul of the law,
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svi koji su prekršili zakon,
18:16
they have all said, "Please, please give us a chance
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rekli su: "Molimo vas, dajte nam šansu
18:19
to work in the legitimate industry.
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da radimo nešto u legalnoj industriji.
18:22
We just never knew how to get there, what we were doing.
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Nikada nismo znali kako da dođemo do toga, nismo znali
18:25
We want to work with you."
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šta radimo. Mi želimo da radimo sa vama."
18:27
Chris Anderson: Okay, well that makes sense. Thanks a lot Misha.
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Kris Anderson: Dobro, to ima smisla. Hvala mnogo, Miša.
18:30
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Misha Glenny - Underworld investigatorJournalist Misha Glenny leaves no stone unturned (and no failed state unexamined) in his excavation of criminal globalization.
Why you should listen
In minute detail, Misha Glenny's 2008 book McMafia illuminates the byzantine outlines of global organized crime. Whether it's pot smugglers in British Columbia, oil/weapons/people traffickers in Eastern Europe, Japanese yakuza or Nigerian scammers, to research this magisterial work Glenny penetrated the convoluted, globalized and franchised modern underworld -- often at considerable personal risk.
The book that resulted is an exhaustive look at an unseen industry that Glenny believes may account for 15% of the world's GDP.
Legal society ignores this world at its peril, but Glenny suggests that conventional law enforcement might not be able to combat a problem whose roots lie in global instability.
While covering the Central Europe beat for the Guardian and the BBC, Glenny wrote several acclaimed books on the fall of Yugoslavia and the rise of the Balkan nations. He's researching a new book on cybercrime, of which he says: "The key to cybercrime is what we call social engineering. Or to use the technical term for it, there's one born every minute."
Watch TED's exclusive video Q&A with Glenny: "Behind the Scenes of McMafia" >>
Misha Glenny | Speaker | TED.com