TEDGlobal 2011
Misha Glenny: Hire the hackers!
Misha Glenny: Pekerjakan para peretas!
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Dengan investasi miliaran dolar dalam keamanan cyber, salah satu masalah dasar yang sering diacuhkan: siapakah orang yang menulis program yang merusak? Peneliti Misha Glenny memberikan profil beberapa programer di dunia yang telah pernah dihukum. Ia menemukan kesimpulan yang mengejutkan.
Misha Glenny - Underworld investigator
Journalist Misha Glenny leaves no stone unturned (and no failed state unexamined) in his excavation of criminal globalization. Full bio
Journalist Misha Glenny leaves no stone unturned (and no failed state unexamined) in his excavation of criminal globalization. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
Now this is a very un-TED-like thing to do,
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Ini bukanlah kebiasaan di TED,
00:18
but let's kick off the afternoon
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tapi mari kita mulai acara ini
00:21
with a message
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dengan pesan
00:23
from a mystery sponsor.
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dari sponsor misterius kita.
00:26
Anonymous: Dear Fox News,
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Anonymous: Fox News Yang Terhormat,
00:28
it has come to our unfortunate attention
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Kami telah memperhatikan
00:31
that both the name and nature of Anonymous
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bahwa nama dan ciri Anonymous
00:33
has been ravaged.
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telah dihancurkan.
00:35
We are everyone. We are no one.
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Kami adalah semua orang. Kami bukan orang-orang tertentu saja.
00:38
We are anonymous. We are legion.
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Kami anonim. Kami adalah pasukan.
00:41
We do not forgive. We do not forget.
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Kami tidak memaafkan. Kami tidak akan lupa.
00:44
We are but the base of chaos.
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Kami adalah dasar dari kekacauan.
00:49
Misha Glenny: Anonymous, ladies and gentlemen --
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Misha Glenny: Hadirin, Anonymous,
00:52
a sophisticated group
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sekelompok peretas
00:54
of politically motivated hackers
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yang memiliki kepentingan politik
00:56
who have emerged in 2011.
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yang muncul di tahun 2011.
00:59
And they're pretty scary.
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Mereka cukup menakutkan.
01:01
You never know when they're going to attack next,
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Kita tidak akan tahu apa yang akan mereka serang,
01:04
who or what the consequences will be.
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atau apa akibat dari serangan itu.
01:07
But interestingly,
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Namun, menariknya
01:09
they have a sense of humor.
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mereka memiliki selera humor.
01:12
These guys hacked into Fox News' Twitter account
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Mereka meretas akun Twitter Fox News
01:16
to announce President Obama's assassination.
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untuk mengumumkan pembunuhan Presiden Obama.
01:20
Now you can imagine the panic that would have generated
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Tentu Anda dapat membayangkan kepanikan yang terjadi
01:23
in the newsroom at Fox.
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di ruang berita Fox.
01:25
"What do we do now?
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"Apa yang kami lakukan?"
01:27
Put on a black armband, or crack open the champagne?"
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"Mulai berduka atau mulai merayakan?"
01:30
(Laughter)
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(Tertawa)
01:32
And of course, who could escape the irony
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Tentu saja Anda dapat melihat ironi
01:36
of a member of Rupert Murdoch's News Corp.
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anggota News Corp Rupert Murdoch
01:39
being a victim of hacking for a change.
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menjadi korban peretas.
01:42
(Laughter)
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(Tertawa)
01:44
(Applause)
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(Tepuk tangan)
01:48
Sometimes you turn on the news
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Kadang Anda melihat berita
01:51
and you say, "Is there anyone left to hack?"
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dan bertanya, "Siapa yang belum diretas?"
01:53
Sony Playstation Network -- done,
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Sony Playstation Network -- sudah,
01:56
the government of Turkey -- tick,
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pemerintah Turki -- selesai,
01:58
Britain's Serious Organized Crime Agency -- a breeze,
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Serious Organized Crime Agency Inggris -- gampang,
02:01
the CIA -- falling off a log.
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CIA -- mudah sekali.
02:03
In fact, a friend of mine from the security industry
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Bahkan teman saya di industri keamanan
02:05
told me the other day
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memberitahu saya
02:07
that there are two types of companies in the world:
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hanya ada 2 jenis perusahaan di dunia ini:
02:10
those that know they've been hacked, and those that don't.
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yang tahu mereka telah diretas dan yang tidak tahu mereka diretas.
02:13
I mean three companies
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3 perusahaan
02:16
providing cybersecurity services to the FBI
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penyedia layanan keamanan cyber untuk FBI
02:20
have been hacked.
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telah diretas
02:22
Is nothing sacred anymore, for heaven's sake?
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Apa masih ada yang suci?
02:25
Anyway, this mysterious group Anonymous --
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Kelompok Anonymous ini --
02:27
and they would say this themselves --
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ini yang mereka akui --
02:29
they are providing a service
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mereka memberikan pelayanan
02:31
by demonstrating how useless companies are
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dengan menunjukkan betapa tidak bergunanya perusahaan
02:35
at protecting our data.
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dalam melindungi data kita.
02:38
But there is also a very serious aspect to Anonymous --
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Walaupun demikian, ada aspek serius mengenai Anonymous --
02:41
they are ideologically driven.
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mereka termotivasi oleh ideologi.
02:44
They claim that they are battling
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Menurut mereka, mereka memerangi
02:46
a dastardly conspiracy.
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konspirasi yang pengecut.
02:49
They say that governments are trying
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Menurut mereka, pemerintah berusaha
02:51
to take over the Internet and control it,
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untuk mengambil alih Internet dan mengendalikannya,
02:54
and that they, Anonymous,
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dan mereka, Anonymous,
02:56
are the authentic voice of resistance --
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adalah suara pembangkang asli --
02:59
be it against Middle Eastern dictatorships,
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baik itu melawan kediktatoran Timur Tengah,
03:01
against global media corporations,
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melawan korporasi media global,
03:04
or against intelligence agencies,
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maupun melawan agensi intelijen,
03:06
or whoever it is.
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atau siapapun.
03:08
And their politics are not entirely unattractive.
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Politik mereka kadang-kadang menarik.
03:12
Okay, they're a little inchoate.
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Mungkin mereka masih dalam tahap permulaan.
03:15
There's a strong whiff
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Ada nuansa
03:17
of half-baked anarchism about them.
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anarki yang tanggung.
03:20
But one thing is true:
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Namun satu hal yang pasti:
03:22
we are at the beginning
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kita berada di awal
03:24
of a mighty struggle
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pergulatan yang kuat
03:26
for control of the Internet.
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untuk mengendalikan Internet.
03:29
The Web links everything,
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Web menghubungkan semuanya,
03:31
and very soon
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dan sebentar lagi
03:33
it will mediate most human activity.
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akan menghubungkan hampir seluruh aktivitas manusia.
03:35
Because the Internet has fashioned
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Karena Internet telah membuat
03:37
a new and complicated environment
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lingkungan yang baru dan rumit
03:39
for an old-age dilemma
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untuk dilema yang telah lama ada
03:42
that pits the demands of security
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yang mempertemukan kebutuhan keamanan
03:45
with the desire for freedom.
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dengan keinginan akan kebebasan.
03:48
Now this is a very complicated struggle.
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Ini pergulatan yang rumit.
03:52
And unfortunately, for mortals like you and me,
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Sayangnya, bagi kaum kebanyakan seperti kita,
03:55
we probably can't understand it very well.
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mungkin kita tidak akan dapat memahaminya.
03:58
Nonetheless,
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Walaupun demikian,
04:00
in an unexpected attack of hubris
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dalam serangan kesombongan yang tak terduga
04:02
a couple of years ago,
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beberapa tahun yang lalu
04:04
I decided I would try and do that.
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saya memutuskan untuk mencoba melakukannya.
04:07
And I sort of get it.
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Dan saya sedikit memahaminya.
04:11
These were the various things that I was looking at
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Ini adalah beberapa hal yang saya amati
04:13
as I was trying to understand it.
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saat saya mencoba untuk memahaminya.
04:15
But in order to try and explain the whole thing,
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Namun, untuk dapat menerangkan semuanya,
04:18
I would need another 18 minutes or so to do it,
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saya membutuhkan tambahan 18 menit,
04:21
so you're just going to have to take it on trust from me on this occasion,
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jadi Anda harus mempercayai saya dalam hal ini,
04:26
and let me assure you that all of these issues
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percayalah, masalah-masalah ini
04:28
are involved in cybersecurity and control of the Internet
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terkait dalam keamanan cyber dan pengendalian Internet
04:31
one way or the other,
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dalam satu hal atau lainnya,
04:33
but in a configuration
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namun dalam konfigurasi
04:35
that even Stephen Hawking would probably have difficulty
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yang mungkin akan sulit untuk dipahami
04:38
trying to get his head around.
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oleh seorang Stephen Hawking sekalipun.
04:41
So there you are.
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Jadi inilah dia.
04:43
And as you see, in the middle,
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Seperti yang Anda lihat, di tengah-tengah,
04:45
there is our old friend, the hacker.
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teman kita, si peretas.
04:47
The hacker is absolutely central
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Ia berada di tengah-tengah
04:50
to many of the political, social
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masalah politis, sosial ekonomi
04:52
and economic issues affecting the Net.
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yang mempengaruhi Internet.
04:55
And so I thought to myself,
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Lalu saya pikir,
04:58
"Well, these are the guys who I want to talk to."
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"Saya harus berbicara dengan orang-orang ini."
05:01
And what do you know,
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Ternyata,
05:04
nobody else does talk to the hackers.
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tidak ada yang berbicara pada peretas.
05:06
They're completely anonymous, as it were.
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Mereka anonim.
05:09
So despite the fact
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Jadi walaupun faktanya
05:11
that we are beginning to pour billions,
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kita mulai membuang uang miliaran,
05:14
hundreds of billions of dollars,
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ratusan miliar dolar,
05:16
into cybersecurity --
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untuk keamanan cyber --
05:19
for the most extraordinary technical solutions --
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untuk solusi teknis yang paling luar biasa --
05:23
no one wants to talk
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tidak ada yang ingin berbicara
05:25
to these guys, the hackers,
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dengan orang-orang ini, para peretas,
05:27
who are doing everything.
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yang melakukan semuanya.
05:30
Instead, we prefer these really dazzling technological solutions,
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Alih-alih, kita lebih memilih solusi teknologi yang menyilaukan mata,
05:35
which cost a huge amount of money.
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yang sangat mahal.
05:38
And so nothing is going into the hackers.
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Jadi tidak ada yang menuju para peretas.
05:41
Well, I say nothing,
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Meskipun saya berkata tidak ada,
05:43
but actually there is one teeny weeny little research unit
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tapi sebenarnya ada unit riset kecil
05:47
in Turin, Italy
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di Turin, Italia
05:49
called the Hackers Profiling Project.
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yang bernama Hackers Profiling Project.
05:52
And they are doing some fantastic research
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Mereka melakukan riset yang fantastis
05:55
into the characteristics,
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mengenai karakteristik,
05:57
into the abilities
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mengenai kemampuan
05:59
and the socialization of hackers.
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dan sosialisasi para peretas.
06:01
But because they're a U.N. operation,
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Namun, karena mereka adalah unit operasi PBB,
06:03
maybe that's why governments and corporations
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mungkin itulah sebabnya pemerintah dan perusahaan
06:05
are not that interested in them.
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tidak tertarik kepada mereka.
06:07
Because it's a U.N. operation,
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Karena unit itu adalah unit operasi PBB,
06:09
of course, it lacks funding.
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tentu saja mereka kekurangan dana.
06:12
But I think they're doing very important work.
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Namun, menurut saya mereka melakukan pekerjaan yang penting.
06:15
Because where we have a surplus of technology
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Karena saat kita memiliki kelebihan teknologi
06:19
in the cybersecurity industry,
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di dalam industri keamanan cyber,
06:22
we have a definite lack of --
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kita memiliki kekurangan --
06:25
call me old-fashioned --
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mungkin Anda akan menganggap saya kuno --
06:27
human intelligence.
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inteligensi manusia.
06:29
Now, so far I've mentioned
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Sejauh ini saya sudah menggambarkan
06:31
the hackers Anonymous
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para peretas Anonymous,
06:33
who are a politically motivated hacking group.
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kelompok peretas yang memiliki motivasi politis.
06:36
Of course, the criminal justice system
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Tentu saja sistem peradilan kriminal
06:38
treats them as common old garden criminals.
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memperlakukan mereka seperti kriminal pada umumnya.
06:40
But interestingly,
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Namun yang menarik adalah
06:42
Anonymous does not make use of its hacked information
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Anonymous tidak menggunakan informasi yang diretasnya
06:44
for financial gain.
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untuk kepentingan finansial.
06:46
But what about the real cybercriminals?
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Bagaimana dengan penjahat cyber yang sebenarnya?
06:50
Well real organized crime on the Internet
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Kejahatan yang terorganisir di Internet
06:53
goes back about 10 years
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sudah ada sejak 10 tahun yang lalu
06:55
when a group of gifted Ukrainian hackers
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dengan kelompok peretas Ukraina
07:00
developed a website,
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membuat situs,
07:02
which led to the industrialization
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industrialisasi kejahatan cyber
07:04
of cybercrime.
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yang pertama.
07:07
Welcome to the now forgotten realm of CarderPlanet.
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Selamat datang ke CarderPlanet yang kini sudah terlupakan.
07:13
This is how they were advertising themselves
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Ini cara mereka beriklan
07:15
a decade ago on the Net.
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sepuluh tahun yang lalu di Internet.
07:18
Now CarderPlanet was very interesting.
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CarderPlanet sangat menarik.
07:20
Cybercriminals would go there
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Penjahat cyber berada di sana
07:22
to buy and sell stolen credit card details,
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untuk menjual dan membeli informasi kartu kredit curian,
07:25
to exchange information
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untuk bertukar informasi
07:27
about new malware that was out there.
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mengenai malware terbaru yang ada.
07:30
And remember, this is a time
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Ingat, ini adalah saat
07:32
when we're seeing for the first time
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di mana kita pertama kali melihat
07:34
so-called off-the-shelf malware.
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malware yang dijual.
07:36
This is ready for use, out-of-the-box stuff,
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Ini adalah program siap pakai
07:39
which you can deploy
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yang dapat Anda jalankan
07:41
even if you're not a terribly sophisticated hacker.
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walaupun Anda bukanlah peretas yang memiliki kemampuan tinggi.
07:45
And so CarderPlanet became a sort of supermarket
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CarderPlanet menjadi supermarket
07:48
for cybercriminals.
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para penjahat cyber.
07:50
And its creators
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Para penciptanya
07:52
were incredibly smart and entrepreneurial,
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adalah orang yang pintar dan berjiwa bisnis,
07:54
because they were faced
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karena mereka berhadapan
07:56
with one enormous challenge as cybercriminals.
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dengan tantangan besar sebagai penjahat cyber.
07:59
And that challenge is:
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Tantangan itu adalah:
08:01
How do you do business,
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Bagaimana melakukan bisnis,
08:03
how do you trust
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bagaimana mempercayai
08:05
somebody on the Web who you want to do business with
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seseorang di Internet untuk berbisnis
08:07
when you know that they're a criminal?
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walaupun mereka adalah kriminal?
08:10
(Laughter)
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(Tertawa)
08:12
It's axiomatic that they're dodgy,
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Sudah pasti mereka sangat pintar,
08:14
and they're going to want to try and rip you off.
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dan mereka akan mencoba untuk menipu Anda.
08:17
So the family, as the inner core of CarderPlanet was known,
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Jadi orang dalam, inti dari CarderPlanet,
08:20
came up with this brilliant idea
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memiliki ide cemerlang
08:22
called the escrow system.
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disebut sistem escrow.
08:24
They appointed an officer
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Mereka menunjuk petugas
08:27
who would mediate between the vendor and the purchaser.
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yang bertugas sebagai perantara antara pembeli dan penjual.
08:30
The vendor, say, had stolen credit card details;
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Misalnya penjual memiliki informasi kartu kredit curian;
08:33
the purchaser wanted to get a hold of them.
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penjual ingin memilikinya.
08:36
The purchaser would send the administrative officer
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Pembeli akan mengirimkan uang
08:39
some dollars digitally,
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ke petugas administrasi,
08:41
and the vendor would sell the stolen credit card details.
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kemudian penjual menjual informasi kartu kredit curian.
08:44
And the officer would then verify
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Petugas kemudian melakukan verifikasi
08:47
if the stolen credit card worked.
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apakah kartu kredit curian tersebut berhasil.
08:50
And if they did,
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Bila berhasil,
08:52
he then passed on the money to the vendor
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ia menyalurkan uang tersebut ke penjual
08:54
and the stolen credit card details to the purchaser.
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dan informasi kartu kredit tersebut ke pembelinya.
08:57
And it was this
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Inilah yang kemudian
08:59
which completely revolutionized cybercrime on the Web.
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membuat revolusi kejahatan cyber di Internet.
09:04
And after that, it just went wild.
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Setelah itu, perkembangannya menakjubkan.
09:06
We had a champagne decade
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Ada banyak sekali
09:08
for people who we know as Carders.
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orang yang kita kenal sebagai Carder.
09:11
Now I spoke to one of these Carders
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Saya berbicara dengan beberapa orang Carder
09:13
who we'll call RedBrigade --
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yang bernama RedBrigade --
09:15
although that wasn't even his proper nickname --
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walaupun itu bukanlah nama samaran sebenarnya --
09:17
but I promised I wouldn't reveal who he was.
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tapi saya berjanji tidak akan menyebutkan identitasnya.
09:19
And he explained to me how in 2003 and 2004
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Ia menerangkan, tahun 2003 dan 2004
09:22
he would go on sprees in New York,
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ia beraksi di New York,
09:25
taking out $10,000 from an ATM here,
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mengambil $10.000 di satu ATM,
09:28
$30,000 from an ATM there,
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$30,000 di ATM lainnya,
09:31
using cloned credit cards.
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menggunakan kartu kredit kloning.
09:34
He was making, on average a week,
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Ia memiliki penghasilan rata-rata
09:37
$150,000 --
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$150.000 per minggu --
09:40
tax free of course.
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bebas pajak tentunya.
09:42
And he said
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Ia berkata
09:45
that he had so much money
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uangnya sangat banyak
09:47
stashed in his upper-East side apartment at one point
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di apartemennya di upper-East side
09:49
that he just didn't know what to do with it
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ia tidak tahu apa yang ingin dilakukannya dengan uang itu
09:51
and actually fell into a depression.
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hingga ia menjadi depresi.
09:53
But that's a slightly different story,
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Itu cerita yang lain,
09:55
which I won't go into now.
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tidak perlu saya ceritakan sekarang.
09:57
Now the interesting thing about RedBrigade
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Hal yang menarik mengenai RedBrigade
10:00
is that he wasn't an advanced hacker.
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adalah ia bukanlah peretas yang ahli.
10:02
He sort of understood the technology,
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Ia mengerti teknologinya,
10:04
and he realized that security was very important
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dan ia sadar, keamanan itu sangat penting
10:07
if you were going to be a Carder,
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bila ingin menjadi seorang Carder,
10:10
but he didn't spend his days and nights
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tapi ia tidak menghabiskan hari-harinya
10:12
bent over a computer, eating pizza,
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di depan komputer, makan pizza,
10:14
drinking coke and that sort of thing.
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minum soda dan hal-hal seperti itu.
10:16
He was out there on the town
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Ia berjalan-jalan di kota
10:18
having a fab time enjoying the high life.
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bersenang-senang dan berfoya-foya.
10:20
And this is because
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Hal ini disebabkan
10:22
hackers are only one element
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peretas hanyalah satu elemen
10:25
in a cybercriminal enterprise.
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dari industri penjahat cyber.
10:28
And often they're the most vulnerable element of all.
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Mereka mungkin adalah elemen yang paling lemah.
10:34
And I want to explain this to you
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Saya ingin menerangkan ini kepada Anda
10:36
by introducing you to six characters
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dengan memperkenalkan 6 karakter
10:38
who I met
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yang saya temui
10:40
while I was doing this research.
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saat melakukan penelitian ini.
10:43
Dimitry Golubov, aka SCRIPT --
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Dimitry Golubov, atau SCRIPT --
10:46
born in Odessa, Ukraine in 1982.
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lahir di Odessa, Ukraina tahun 1982.
10:49
Now he developed his social and moral compass
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Ia mengembangkan rasa sosial dan moralnya
10:52
on the Black Sea port during the 1990s.
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di pelabuhan Laut Hitam tahun 1990-an.
10:55
This was a sink-or-swim environment
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Ini adalah lingkungan yang sangat kejam
10:58
where involvement in criminal or corrupt activities
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di mana kegiatan kriminal atau korup
11:02
was entirely necessary
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sangat diperlukan
11:04
if you wanted to survive.
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bila Anda ingin selamat.
11:06
As an accomplished computer user,
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Sebagai pengguna komputer yang berkompeten,
11:08
what Dimitry did
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yang Dimitry lakukan
11:10
was to transfer the gangster capitalism of his hometown
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adalah memindahkan kapitalisme preman di kampungnya
11:14
onto the Worldwide Web.
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ke Internet.
11:16
And he did a great job in it.
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Ia berhasil melakukannya.
11:18
You have to understand though
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Anda harus tahu,
11:20
that from his ninth birthday,
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sejak ulang tahunnya yang ke-9,
11:22
the only environment he knew
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ia hanya mengenal
11:24
was gangsterism.
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lingkungan premanisme.
11:26
He knew no other way of making a living
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Ia tidak tahu cara lain untuk mencari nafkah
11:28
and making money.
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dan menghasilkan uang.
11:30
Then we have Renukanth Subramaniam,
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Lalu ada Renukanth Subramaniam,
11:32
aka JiLsi --
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alias JiLsi --
11:34
founder of DarkMarket,
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pendiri DarkMarket,
11:36
born in Colombo, Sri Lanka.
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lahir di Colombo, Sri Lanka.
11:38
As an eight year-old,
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Saat berumur 8 tahun,
11:40
he and his parents fled the Sri Lankan capital
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ia dan orangtuanya lari dari ibu kota Sri Lanka
11:42
because Singhalese mobs were roaming the city,
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karena preman Sinhala berkuasa di kota itu,
11:45
looking for Tamils like Renu to murder.
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mencari bangsa Tamil seperti Renu untuk dibunuh.
11:48
At 11, he was interrogated by the Sri Lankan military,
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Saat ia berusia 11 tahun, ia diinterogasi oleh pihak militer Sri Lanka,
11:50
accused of being a terrorist,
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dituduh menjadi seorang teroris,
11:52
and his parents sent him on his own to Britain
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kemudian orangtuanya mengirimnya sendiri ke Inggris
11:56
as a refugee seeking political asylum.
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untuk mencari suaka politik.
11:59
At 13,
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Saat berumur 13 tahun,
12:01
with only little English and being bullied at school,
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hanya tahun sedikit bahasa Inggris dan sering diganggu di sekolah,
12:04
he escaped into a world of computers
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ia lari ke dunia komputer,
12:07
where he showed great technical ability,
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di mana ia menunjukkan kemampuan teknis yang tinggi,
12:09
but he was soon being seduced
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namun kemudian ia dibujuk
12:12
by people on the Internet.
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oleh orang-orang yang salah di Internet.
12:14
He was convicted of mortgage and credit card fraud,
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Ia terbukti bersalah dalam kasus penipuan hipotek dan kartu kredit,
12:17
and he will be released from Wormwood Scrubs jail in London
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dan ia akan bebas dari penjara Wormwood Scrubs di London
12:20
in 2012.
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pada tahun 2012.
12:22
Matrix001,
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Matrix001,
12:26
who was an administrator at DarkMarket.
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yang menjadi administrator di DarkMarket.
12:29
Born in Southern Germany
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Lahir di Jerman Selatan
12:31
to a stable and well-respected middle class family,
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di keluarga yang berkecukupan dan terpandang,
12:33
his obsession with gaming as a teenager
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obsesinya terhadap game saat remaja
12:36
led him to hacking.
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membawanya ke dunia retas-meretas.
12:38
And he was soon controlling huge servers around the world
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Dalam waktu singkat, ia mengendalikan banyak server di dunia
12:42
where he stored his games
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di mana ia menyimpan game
12:44
that he had cracked and pirated.
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yang telah ia retas dan bajak.
12:46
His slide into criminality
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Perpindahannya ke dunia kriminal
12:48
was incremental.
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secara perlahan-lahan.
12:50
And when he finally woke up to his situation
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Ketika akhirnya sadar dengan keadaannya
12:53
and understood the implications,
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dan mengerti dengan akibat dari perbuatannya,
12:55
he was already in too deep.
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ia sudah terlambat.
12:58
Max Vision, aka ICEMAN --
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Max Vision, alias ICEMAN --
13:00
mastermind of cardersMarket.
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dalang dari cardersMarket.
13:02
Born in Meridian, Idaho.
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Lahir di Meridian, Idaho.
13:04
Max Vision was one of the best penetration testers
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Max Vision adalah salah satu penguji penetrasi terbaik
13:08
working out of Santa Clara, California
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yang bekerja di Santa Clara, California
13:11
in the late 90s for private companies
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di akhir tahun 90-an untuk perusahaan swasta
13:13
and voluntarily for the FBI.
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dan sukarelawan untuk pihak FBI.
13:16
Now in the late 1990s,
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Di akhir tahun 1990-an,
13:18
he discovered a vulnerability
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ia menemukan kelemahan
13:20
on all U.S. government networks,
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di semua jaringan pemerintahan AS
13:23
and he went in and patched it up --
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dan ia masuk ke dalamnya dan memperbaikinya --
13:25
because this included nuclear research facilities --
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karena ini termasuk fasilitas pengujian nuklir --
13:29
sparing the American government
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membuat pemerintah Amerika
13:31
a huge security embarrassment.
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menjadi malu karena kelemahan keamanan ini.
13:33
But also, because he was an inveterate hacker,
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Namun, karena bagaimanapun juga ia adalah peretas sejati,
13:36
he left a tiny digital wormhole
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ia meninggalkan wormhole kecil
13:38
through which he alone could crawl.
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yang dapat dimasukinya.
13:40
But this was spotted by an eagle-eye investigator,
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Hal ini ditemukan oleh seorang peneliti,
13:43
and he was convicted.
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dan ia terbukti bersalah.
13:45
At his open prison,
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Di penjara terbukanya,
13:47
he came under the influence of financial fraudsters,
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ia terpengaruh oleh para penipu keuangan,
13:49
and those financial fraudsters
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para penipu keuangan itu
13:51
persuaded him to work for them
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membujuknya untuk bekerja dengan mereka
13:53
on his release.
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saat ia bebas.
13:55
And this man with a planetary-sized brain
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Orang yang sangat pintar ini
13:58
is now serving a 13-year sentence
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dipenjara selama 13 tahun
14:00
in California.
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di California.
14:02
Adewale Taiwo, aka FeddyBB --
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Adewale Taiwo, alias FeddyBB --
14:05
master bank account cracker
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cracker akun bank ternama
14:07
from Abuja in Nigeria.
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dari Abuja di Nigeria.
14:10
He set up his prosaically entitled newsgroup,
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Ia membuat milis yang bernama
14:13
bankfrauds@yahoo.co.uk
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bankfrauds@yahoo.co.uk
14:18
before arriving in Britain
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sebelum sampai di Inggris
14:20
in 2005
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di tahun 2005
14:22
to take a Masters in chemical engineering
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untuk mengambil Master dalam bidang teknik kimia
14:24
at Manchester University.
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di Manchester University.
14:26
He impressed in the private sector,
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Ia membuat kagum sektor swasta,
14:29
developing chemical applications for the oil industry
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membuat aplikasi kimiawi untuk industri minyak
14:32
while simultaneously running
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sementara di saat yang sama
14:34
a worldwide bank and credit card fraud operation that was worth millions
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menjalankan operasi penipuan bank dan kartu kredit bernilai jutaan dolar
14:37
until his arrest in 2008.
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hingga ia ditangkap di tahun 2008.
14:41
And then finally, Cagatay Evyapan,
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Akhirnya, Cagatay Evyapan,
14:43
aka Cha0 --
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alias Cha0 --
14:45
one of the most remarkable hackers ever,
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salah satu peretas ternama,
14:47
from Ankara in Turkey.
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dari Ankara di Turki.
14:49
He combined the tremendous skills of a geek
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Ia menggabungkan keahlian seorang ahli komputer
14:52
with the suave social engineering skills
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dengan kemampuan rekayasa sosial yang mumpuni
14:56
of the master criminal.
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seorang kriminal.
14:59
One of the smartest people I've ever met.
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Salah seorang yang paling pintar yang pernah saya temui.
15:02
He also had the most effective
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Ia juga memiliki
15:04
virtual private network security arrangement
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pengaturan keamanan Virtual Private Network yang paling efektif
15:06
the police have ever encountered
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yang pernah ditemui oleh polisi
15:08
amongst global cybercriminals.
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di antara penjahat cyber dunia.
15:10
Now the important thing
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Yang paling penting
15:12
about all of these people
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mengenai orang ini
15:14
is they share certain characteristics
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adalah mereka memiliki karakter yang sama
15:16
despite the fact that they come from very different environments.
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walaupun berasal dari lingkungan yang berbeda.
15:20
They are all people who learned their hacking skills
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mereka belajar kemampuan meretas
15:23
in their early to mid-teens.
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saat remaja.
15:26
They are all people
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Mereka adalah orang yang memiliki
15:28
who demonstrate advanced ability
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kemampuan yang tinggi
15:30
in maths and the sciences.
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di bidang matematika dan ilmu pengetahuan.
15:33
Remember that, when they developed those hacking skills,
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Ingat, ketika mereka mengembangkan teknik meretas ini,
15:35
their moral compass had not yet developed.
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moral mereka belum berkembang.
15:39
And most of them, with the exception of SCRIPT and Cha0,
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Kebanyakan dari mereka, kecuali SCRIPT dan Cha0,
15:42
they did not demonstrate
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mereka tidak menunjukkan
15:46
any real social skills in the outside world --
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kemampuan sosial di dunia luar --
15:49
only on the Web.
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hanya di Internet.
15:51
And the other thing is
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Hal lainnya
15:53
the high incidence of hackers like these
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adalah tingginya kejadian peretas seperti mereka
15:55
who have characteristics which are consistent
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yang memiliki karakter yang konsisten
15:58
with Asperger's syndrome.
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dengan sindrom Asperger.
16:01
Now I discussed this
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Saya telah membahas ini
16:03
with Professor Simon Baron-Cohen
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dengan Professor Simon Baron-Cohen
16:05
who's the professor of developmental psychopathology at Cambridge.
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seorang profesor psikopatologi perkembangan di Cambridge.
16:09
And he has done path-breaking work on autism
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Ia telah melakukan pendobrakan dalam penelitiannya di bidang autisme
16:13
and confirmed, also for the authorities here,
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dan setuju, juga untuk pihak berwenang di sini,
16:15
that Gary McKinnon --
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Gary McKinnon --
16:17
who is wanted by the United States
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yang dicari oleh pemerintah Amerika Serikat
16:19
for hacking into the Pentagon --
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karena meretas ke dalam Pentagon --
16:21
suffers from Asperger's
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menderita penyakit Asperger
16:23
and a secondary condition
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dan berada di dalam kondisi tingkat kedua
16:25
of depression.
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depresi.
16:27
And Baron-Cohen explained
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Baron-Cohen menerangkan
16:29
that certain disabilities
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kecacatan tertentu
16:31
can manifest themselves in the hacking and computing world
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dapat dimanifestasikan ke dalam dunia retas-meretas dan komputer
16:34
as tremendous skills,
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sebagai kemampuan yang tinggi,
16:36
and that we should not be throwing in jail
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dan seharusnya kita tidak melempar mereka ke penjara
16:38
people who have such disabilities and skills
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para penderita kecacatan ini
16:41
because they have lost their way socially
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karena mereka tersesat dalam pergaulannya
16:44
or been duped.
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dan telah ditipu.
16:46
Now I think we're missing a trick here,
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Saya rasa kita kehilangan sesuatu,
16:49
because I don't think people like Max Vision should be in jail.
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karena saya tidak yakin orang seperti Max Vision seharusnya dipenjara.
16:52
And let me be blunt about this.
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Saya akan berterus terang.
16:54
In China, in Russia and in loads of other countries
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Di China, Russia dan negara-negara lainnya
16:57
that are developing cyber-offensive capabilities,
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yang mengembangkan kemampuan serangan cyber,
17:00
this is exactly what they are doing.
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inilah yang mereka lakukan.
17:02
They are recruiting hackers
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Mereka mempekerjakan peretas
17:04
both before and after they become involved
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sebelah dan setelah mereka terlibat
17:07
in criminal and industrial espionage activities --
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dalam kegiatan kriminal dan spionase industri --
17:10
are mobilizing them
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mempekerjakan mereka
17:12
on behalf of the state.
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atas nama negara.
17:14
We need to engage
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Kita harus
17:16
and find ways of offering guidance
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mencari cara untuk menawarkan bantuan
17:18
to these young people,
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bagi orang-orang muda ini,
17:20
because they are a remarkable breed.
399
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karena mereka adalah generasi unggul.
17:22
And if we rely, as we do at the moment,
400
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Kalau kita bergantung pada sistem peradilan kriminal saja,
17:24
solely on the criminal justice system
401
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dan ancaman hukuman penjara,
17:27
and the threat of punitive sentences,
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seperti yang terjadi saat ini,
17:30
we will be nurturing a monster we cannot tame.
403
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kita akan menuai monster yang tidak akan dapat kita jinakkan.
17:33
Thank you very much for listening.
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Terima kasih sudah mendengarkan saya.
17:35
(Applause)
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1040000
13000
(Tepuk Tangan)
17:48
Chris Anderson: So your idea worth spreading
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Chris Anderson: Jadi ide Anda adalah
17:50
is hire hackers.
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2000
pekerjakan para peretas ini.
17:52
How would someone get over that kind of fear
408
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Bagaimana seseorang dapat mengatasi rasa takut
17:56
that the hacker they hire
409
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bahwa peretas yang mereka pekerjakan
17:58
might preserve that little teensy wormhole?
410
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mungkin meninggalkan wormhole kecil?
18:00
MG: I think to an extent,
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MG: Saya rasa, untuk tahap tertentu,
18:02
you have to understand
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Anda harus mengerti,
18:04
that it's axiomatic among hackers that they do that.
413
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itu adalah hal lumrah yang pasti dilakukan oleh para peretas.
18:07
They're just relentless and obsessive
414
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Mereka tidak pernah menyerah dan obsesif
18:10
about what they do.
415
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di dalam kegiatan mereka.
18:12
But all of the people who I've spoken to
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Tapi dari semua orang yang saya ajak berbicara
18:14
who have fallen foul of the law,
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yang bersalah di mata hukum,
18:16
they have all said, "Please, please give us a chance
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berkata, "Berilah kami kesempatan
18:19
to work in the legitimate industry.
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untuk bekerja secara sah.
18:22
We just never knew how to get there, what we were doing.
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Kami tidak tahu cara mencapainya, apa yang kami lakukan.
18:25
We want to work with you."
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Kami ingin bekerja dengan Anda."
18:27
Chris Anderson: Okay, well that makes sense. Thanks a lot Misha.
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Chris Anderson: Baiklah, itu masuk akal. Terima kasih, Misha.
18:30
(Applause)
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(Tepuk Tangan).
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Misha Glenny - Underworld investigatorJournalist Misha Glenny leaves no stone unturned (and no failed state unexamined) in his excavation of criminal globalization.
Why you should listen
In minute detail, Misha Glenny's 2008 book McMafia illuminates the byzantine outlines of global organized crime. Whether it's pot smugglers in British Columbia, oil/weapons/people traffickers in Eastern Europe, Japanese yakuza or Nigerian scammers, to research this magisterial work Glenny penetrated the convoluted, globalized and franchised modern underworld -- often at considerable personal risk.
The book that resulted is an exhaustive look at an unseen industry that Glenny believes may account for 15% of the world's GDP.
Legal society ignores this world at its peril, but Glenny suggests that conventional law enforcement might not be able to combat a problem whose roots lie in global instability.
While covering the Central Europe beat for the Guardian and the BBC, Glenny wrote several acclaimed books on the fall of Yugoslavia and the rise of the Balkan nations. He's researching a new book on cybercrime, of which he says: "The key to cybercrime is what we call social engineering. Or to use the technical term for it, there's one born every minute."
Watch TED's exclusive video Q&A with Glenny: "Behind the Scenes of McMafia" >>
Misha Glenny | Speaker | TED.com