TEDxABQ
Megan Kamerick: Women should represent women in media
Megan Kamerick: Žene bi trebale predstavljati žene u medijima
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Kako ispričati ženinu priču? Pitajte žene da ih ispričaju. Na TEDxABQ, Megan Kamerick prikazuje kako mediji podcjenjuju žene kao novinarke i novinske izvore te zbog toga pričaju nepotpunu priču. (Snimljeno na TEDxABQ.)
Megan Kamerick - Reporter
Journalist Megan Kamerick fights for well-balanced storytelling in media. Full bio
Journalist Megan Kamerick fights for well-balanced storytelling in media. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:16
Like most journalists, I'm an idealist.
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Kao većina novinara, i ja sam idealist.
00:19
I love unearthing good stories, especially untold stories.
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Volim pronalaziti dobre priče, pogotovo one neispričane.
00:24
I just didn't think that, in 2011,
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No nisam mislila kako će, u 2011,
00:27
women would still be in that category.
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žene još uvijek pripadati toj kategoriji.
00:30
I'm the President of the Journalism & Women Symposium,
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Predsjednica sam projekta Simpozij Novinarstva i Žena.
00:33
JAWS. That's Sharky. (Laughter)
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JAWS (ralje). Vrlo oštro. (Smijeh)
00:37
I joined 10 years ago because I wanted female role models,
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Pridružila sam im se prije 10 godina zato što sam htjela žene uzore,
00:39
and I was frustrated by the lagging status of women
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i bila sam frustrirana statusom žena
00:42
in our profession, and what that meant for our image
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u našoj profesiji, i ono što je to značilo za našu sliku
00:45
in the media.
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u medijima.
00:47
We make up half the population of the world,
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Činimo polovicu svjetske populacije,
00:50
but we're just 24 percent of the news subjects
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ali u vijestima činimo samo 24 posto tema
00:52
quoted in news stories,
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izrečenih u pričama,
00:54
and we're just 20 percent of the experts quoted in stories,
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i činimo samo 20 posto stručnjaka koji su citirani u novostima,
00:58
and now, with today's technology,
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i sada, s današnjom tehnologijom,
01:00
it's possible to remove women from the picture completely.
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moguće je u potpunosti ukloniti žene iz tog područja.
01:03
This is a picture of President Barack Obama
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Ovo je slika predsjednika Baracka Obame
01:07
and his advisors tracking the killing of Osama bin Laden.
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i njegovih savjetnika kako prate ubojstvo Osame bin Ladena.
01:10
You can see Hillary Clinton on the right.
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Lijevo možete vidjeti Hillary Clinton.
01:12
Let's see how the photo ran
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Idemo vidjeti kako je slika prikazana
01:14
in an Orthodox Jewish newspaper based in Brooklyn.
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u ortodoksnim židovskim novinama sa sjedištem u Brooklynu.
01:18
Hillary's completely gone. (Laughter)
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Hillary je nestala. (Smijeh)
01:22
The paper apologized but said
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Novine su se ispričale, ali su dodali
01:24
it never runs photos of women.
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kako nikada ne stavljaju slike žena.
01:26
They might be sexually provocative. (Laughter)
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Mogu biti seksualno provokativne. (Smijeh)
01:29
This is an extreme case, yes, but the fact is,
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Ovo je ekstreman slučaj, da ,ali činjenica je da
01:32
women are only 19 percent of the sources
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žene danas čine samo 19 posto izvora
01:35
in stories on politics,
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u političkim novostima,
01:37
and only 20 percent in stories on the economy.
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I samo 20 posto u onima vezanima za ekonomiju.
01:41
The news continues to give us a picture where men
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Vijesti nam nastavljaju davati sliku gdje muškarci
01:43
outnumber women in nearly all occupational categories
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nadmašuju broj žena u skoro svim vodećim kategorijama
01:47
except two: students and homemakers. (Laughter)
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osim u dvije: studenti i domaćinstvo. (Smijeh)
01:51
So we all get a very distorted picture of reality.
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Tako svi dobivamo iskrivljenu sliku stvarnosti.
01:55
The problem is, of course,
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Problem je, naravno,
01:57
there aren't enough women in newsrooms.
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to što nema dovoljno žena u redakcijama.
01:59
They reported just 37 percent of stories
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One izvješćuju samo 37posto priča
02:01
in print, TV and radio.
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u novinama, TV-u i radiju.
02:03
Even in stories on gender-based violence,
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Čak i u pričama o seksualnom nasilju,
02:06
men get an overwhelming majority of print space
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muškarci imaju veliku većinu, kada se radi o medijima u pisanom obliku
02:09
and airtime.
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i radiju.
02:10
Case in point,
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No,
02:12
this March, the New York Times ran a story
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ovog ožujka, New York Times je imao priču
02:14
by James McKinley about a gang rape of a young girl,
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Jamesa McKinleya o grupnom silovanju mlade djevočice,
02:17
11 years old, in a small Texas town.
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jedanaestogodišnje curice, u malom gradu u Teksasu.
02:20
McKinley writes that the community's wondering,
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McKinley je napisao kako se okolina zapitala,
02:22
"How could their boys have been drawn into this?"
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„Što je počinitelje privuklo tome zločinu?“
02:26
"Drawn into this," like they were
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„Što ih je privuklo“, kao da su bili
02:28
seduced into committing an act of violence.
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privučeni činu zločina.
02:31
And the first person he quotes says,
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Prva osoba koju je citirao rekla je,
02:33
"These boys will have to live with this the rest of their lives."
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„Počinitelji će s time morati živjeti do kraja života.“
02:36
(Crowd reacts)
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(Reakcije publike)
02:39
You don't hear much about the 11-year-old victim,
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Ne čujete puno o jedanaestogodišnjoj žrtvi,
02:42
except that she wore clothes that were a little old for her
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osim da je nosila odjeću neprimjerenu toj dobi
02:45
and she wore makeup.
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i da je bila našminkana.
02:48
The Times was deluged with criticism.
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Časopis je primio bezbroj kritika.
02:51
Initially, it defended itself, and said, "These aren't our views.
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Na kraju su se obranili rekavši, „To nisu naša stajališta.
02:53
This is what we found in our reporting."
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To je ono što je proizašlo iz naše reportaže.“
02:56
Now, here's a secret you probably know already:
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Sada, evo vam tajne koju sigurno već znate:
02:59
Your stories are constructed.
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Reportaže se konstruiraju.
03:01
As reporters, we research, we interview.
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Kao reporteri, mi istražujemo i intervjuiramo.
03:03
We try to give a good picture of reality.
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Pokušavamo dati realističnu sliku stvarnosti.
03:06
We also have our own unconscious biases,
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Mi, također, imamo svoje nesvjesne predrasude
03:09
but the Times makes it sound like
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ali Times se opravdao kao da bi
03:10
anyone would have reported this story the same way.
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svatko iznio ovu reportažu na isti način.
03:14
I disagree with that.
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Ja se ne slažem s tim.
03:16
So three weeks later, the Times revisits the story.
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Tri tjedna kasnije, Times je ponovno objavio istu priču.
03:20
This time, it adds another byline to it with McKinley's:
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Ali ovaj puta uz McKinleyevu je dodana i druga verzija:
03:23
Erica Goode.
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ona Erice Goode.
03:25
What emerges is a truly sad, horrific tale of a young girl
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Iz toga proizlazi vrlo tužna, užasavajuća priča o djevojčici
03:28
and her family trapped in poverty.
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i njezinoj obitelji zarobljenoj u neimaštini.
03:31
She was raped numerous times by many men.
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Ona je silovana više puta od strane mnogih muškaraca.
03:34
She had been a bright, easygoing girl.
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Bila je vrlo bistra, vesela djevojčica.
03:37
She was maturing quickly, physically,
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Razvijala se brzo, fizički,
03:39
but her bed was still covered with stuffed animals.
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ali krevet joj je još uvijek bio pokriven plišanim igračkama.
03:42
It's a very different picture.
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To je velik kontrast.
03:44
Perhaps the addition of Ms. Goode
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Njezin dodatak
03:45
is what made this story more complete.
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je ono što je priču učinilo potpunom.
03:48
The Global Media Monitoring Project has found that
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Global Media Monitoring Project utvrdio je
03:51
stories by female reporters are more likely
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kako priče ženskih reporterki imaju veći potencijal
03:53
to challenge stereotypes than those by male reporters.
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za izazivanje stereotipa nego priče muških reportera.
03:56
At KUNM here in Albuquerque, Elaine Baumgartel
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Na KUNM-u ovdje u Albequerqueu, Elaine Baumergartel
03:58
did some graduate research on the coverage
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je kao temu diplomskog imala istraživanje
04:00
of violence against women.
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nasilja prema ženama.
04:02
What she found was many of these stories
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Otkrila je kako puno takvih priča i reportaža
04:04
tend to blame victims and devalue their lives.
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često krive žrtve i omalovažavaju njihove živote.
04:07
They tend to sensationalize, and they lack context.
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Priču predstavljaju kao senzaciju i manjka im sadržaja.
04:11
So for her graduate work, she did a three-part series
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Tako je za svoj diplomski rad, u tri dijela obradila priču
04:13
on the murder of 11 women
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o ubojstvu 11 žena
04:15
found buried on Albuquerque's West Mesa.
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pronađenih u okružju Alberquerquea –u West Mesi.
04:17
She tried to challenge those patterns and stereotypes
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Pokušala je osporiti te obrasce i stereotipe
04:20
in her work, and she tried to show the challenges
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u svome poslu te je pokušala prikazati izazove
04:22
that journalists face, from external sources,
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s kojima se novinari susreću, od vanjskih izvora,
04:25
their own internal biases, and cultural norms,
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vlastitih unutarnjih predrasuda i kulturnih normi
04:29
and she worked with an editor at National Public Radio
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surađivala je s urednicom na Nacionalnom radiju
04:32
to try to get a story aired nationally.
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kako bi priču prikazali diljem zemlje.
04:34
She's not sure that would have happened
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Nije sigurna da bi se to dogodilo
04:36
if the editor had not been a female.
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da je umjesto urednice radila sa urednikom.
04:39
Stories in the news are more than twice as likely
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Priče u vijestima dva puta češće prikazuju
04:41
to present women as victims than men,
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žene kao žrtve nego muškarce
04:44
and women are more likely to be defined
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i žene su češće određene
04:47
by their body parts.
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djelovima svoga tijela.
04:49
Wired magazine, November 2010.
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Časopis Wired, studeni 2010.
04:52
Yes, the issue was about breast tissue engineering.
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Da, to izdanje govorilo je o rekonstrukciji grudi.
04:55
Now, I know you're all distracted, so I'll take that off. (Laughter)
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Znam da ste svi vrlo ometeni, pa ću maknuti naslovnicu. (Smijeh)
05:00
Eyes up here. (Laughter)
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Oči gore. (Smijeh)
05:04
So -- (Applause)
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Pa – (Pljesak)
05:09
Here's the thing.
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Ovako.
05:11
Wired almost never puts women on its cover.
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Časopis Wired gotovo nikad ne stavlja žene na naslovnicu,
05:14
Oh, there have been some gimmicky ones.
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No, bilo je nekoliko varljivih.
05:15
Pam from The Office.
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Pam iz „Ureda“
05:17
Manga girls.
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Djevojke iz manga stripova.
05:19
A voluptuous model covered in synthetic diamonds.
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Zanosna manekenka pokrivena sintetičkim dijamantima.
05:23
Texas State University professor Cindy Royal wondered
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Sveučilišna profesorica iz Teksasa, Cindy Royal zapitala se
05:26
in her blog, "How are young women like her students
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na svome blogu „Kako bi se mlade studentice, poput njezinih,
05:28
supposed to feel about their roles in technology reading Wired?"
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trebale osjećati u vezi svoje uloge u svijetu tehnologije čitajući Wired?“
05:32
Chris Anderson, the editor of Wired, defended his choice
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Chris Andreson, urednik časopisa Wired, branio je svoje izbore
05:35
and said, there aren't enough women, prominent women
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govoreći kako u tehnologiji nema dovoljno istaknutih žena
05:38
in technology to sell a cover, to sell an issue.
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koje bi mogle prodati časopis.
05:42
Part of that is true. There aren't as many
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Dio toga je istina. Nema puno
05:44
prominent women in technology.
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istaknutih žena u svijetu tehnologije.
05:46
Here's my problem with that argument.
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No, imam problem s tom izjavom.
05:48
Media tells us every day what's important,
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Mediji nam svakodnevno govore što je bitno
05:51
by the stories they choose and where they place them.
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pričama koje izabiru i mjestima na koja ih odlučuju plasirati.
05:53
It's called agenda-setting.
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To je medijska manipulacija.
05:56
How many people knew the founders of Facebook
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Koliko je ljudi znalo osnivače Facebooka
05:58
and Google before their faces were on a magazine cover?
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i Googla prije nego su njihova lica osvanula na naslovnim stranicama časopisa?
06:01
Putting them there made them more recognizable.
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Stavljajući ih na naslovnu stranicu učinili su ih prepoznatljivijima.
06:03
Now, Fast Company Magazine embraces that idea.
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Sada, Fast Company Magazine prihvaća tu ideju.
06:07
This is its cover from November 15, 2010.
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Ovo je bila njihova naslovnica 15. studenog 2010.
06:10
The issue is about the most prominent and influential women
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Tema tog izdanja bile su najistaknutije i najutjecajnije žene
06:12
in technology.
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u svijetu tehnologije.
06:14
Editor Robert Safian told the Poynter Institute,
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Urednik Robert Safian je za Poynter Institute izjavio,
06:17
"Silicon Valley is very white and very male,
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„U Silicijskoj Dolini dominiraju bijelci i muškarci,
06:19
but that's not what Fast Company thinks the business world
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ali to nije kako Fast Company misli da će poslovni svijet
06:22
will look like in the future, so it tries to give a picture
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izgledati u budućnosti, pa tako pokušava prikazati
06:25
of where the globalized world is moving."
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kamo globalizirani svijet ide.“
06:29
By the way, apparently Wired took all this to heart.
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Usput, navodno je časopis Wired sve to primio k srcu.
06:31
This was its issue in April. (Laughter)
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Ovo je bilo njihovo izdanje u travnju. (Smijeh)
06:35
That's Limor Fried, the founder of Adafruit Industries,
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Ovo je Limor Fried, osnivačica tvrtke „Adafruit Industries“,
06:38
in the Rosie the Riveter pose.
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pozira u stilu Rosie the Riveter.
06:41
It would help to have more women in positions of leadership
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Pomoglo bi kada bi bilo više žena na važnijim položajima
06:43
in the media. A recent global survey found that
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u medijima. Nedavnom globalnom anketom utvrdilo se kako
06:46
73 percent of the top media management jobs
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73 posto glavnih poslovnih položaja u medijima
06:48
are still held by men.
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zauzimaju muškarci.
06:50
But this is also about something far more complex:
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Ali ovdje se također radi o nečem puno složenijem:
06:53
our own unconscious biases and blind spots.
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vlastitim nesvjesnim predrasudama i slijepim područjima.
06:57
Shankar Vedantam is the author of "The Hidden Brain:
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Shankar Vedantam je autor knjige „Skriveni mozak:
07:00
How Our Unconscious Minds Elect Presidents,
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kako naš nesvjestan um izabire predsjednike,
07:02
Control Markets, Wage Wars, and Save Our Lives."
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kontrolira tržišta, vodi ratove i spašava naše živote.“
07:04
He told the former ombudsman
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On je na Nacionalnom javnom radiju bivšem pučkom pravobranitelju,
07:07
at National Public Radio, who was doing
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koji je imao
07:09
a report on how women fare in NPR coverage,
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izvještaj o tome kako žene žive u NPR pokrivenosti,
07:12
unconscious bias flows throughout most of our lives.
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rekao da se nesvjesne predrasude provlače kroz naš život.
07:15
It's really difficult to disentangle those strands.
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Jako je teško otpetljati sve te niti.
07:18
But he did have one suggestion.
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Ali imao je jedan prijedlog.
07:21
He used to work for two editors who said
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On je prije radio za 2 izdavača koja su govorila kako
07:24
every story had to have at least one female source.
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svaka priča mora imati barem jedan ženski izvor.
07:27
He balked, at first, but said he eventually
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Isprva je oklijevao, ali je s vremenom
07:30
followed the directive happily because his stories got better
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prihvatio to pravilo jer su mu priče postajale sve bolje,
07:33
and his job got easier.
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a posao sve lakši.
07:35
Now, I don't know if one of the editors was a woman,
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Sada, ne znam je li jedna od urednica bila žena,
07:38
but that can make the biggest differences.
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ali to može uvelike promjeniti stvar.
07:40
The Dallas Morning News won a Pulitzer Prize in 1994
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Dallas Morning News su 1994. osvojili Pulitzerovu nagradu
07:44
for a series it did on women around the world,
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za reportažu o ženama diljem svijeta,
07:47
but one of the reporters told me she's convinced
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ali jedna od reporterki mi je rekla kako je uvjerena
07:49
it never would have happened if they had not had
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da se to nikada ne bi dogodilo da nisu imali
07:52
a female assistant foreign editor,
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žensku pomoćnu stranu urednicu
07:54
and they would not have gotten some of those stories
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i nikada ne bi saznali neke od tih priča
07:57
without female reporters and editors on the ground,
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bez ženskih reporterki i urednica na terenu,
08:00
particularly one on female genital mutilation.
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posebice priču o mutacijama ženskog spolovila.
08:03
Men would just not be allowed into those situations.
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Muškarci jednostavno ne bi bili primjereni u takvim situacijama.
08:05
This is an important point to consider,
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To je vrlo važna činjenica
08:08
because much of our foreign policy now revolves around
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zato što se veliki dio naše strane politike vrti oko
08:10
countries where the treatment of women is an issue,
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zemalja u kojima je način tretiranja žena veliki problem,
08:13
such as Afghanistan.
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kao u Afganistanu.
08:17
What we're told in terms of arguments against leaving
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Ono što je nama rečeno kao argument protiv napuštanja
08:20
this country is that the fate of the women is primary.
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takvih zemalja jest kako je sudbina žena primarna.
08:25
Now I'm sure a male reporter in Kabul can find women
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Sigurna sam da muški reporter u Kabulu može pronaći žene
08:28
to interview. Not so sure about rural, traditional areas,
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za intervju. Ali nisam tako sigurna za ruralne, tradicionalne djelove
08:32
where I'm guessing women can't talk to strange men.
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gdje žene vjerojatno ne smiju razgovarati s nepoznatim muškarcima.
08:36
It's important to keep talking about this
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Vrlo je bitno nastaviti pričati o tome
08:38
in light of Lara Logan.
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u svijetlu Lare Logan.
08:40
She was the CBS News correspondent who was
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Ona je bila dopisnica za CBS, koja je bila
08:42
brutally sexually assaulted in Egypt's Tahrir Square
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vrlo brutalno seksualno zlostavljana na trgu Tahrir u Egiptu
08:45
right after this photo was taken.
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odmah nakon što je ova slika nastala.
08:47
Almost immediately, pundits weighed in
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Gotovo odmah, javili su se analitičari te su
08:50
blaming her and saying things like, "You know,
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okrivili ženu govoreći stvari poput, „Možda ženama
08:53
maybe women shouldn't be sent to cover those stories."
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ne bi trebalo biti dopušteno obrađivanje takvih priča.“
08:57
I never heard anyone say this about Anderson Cooper
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Nikada nisam čula nikoga da tako priča o Andrersonu Cooperu
09:00
and his crew who were attacked covering the same story.
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i njegovoj ekipi, koje su također napali dok su radili na istoj priči.
09:04
One way to get more women into leadership
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Jedan način kako uvesti više žena u vodstvo
09:06
is to have other women mentor them.
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je da ih druge žene podučavaju.
09:08
One of my board members is an editor at a major
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Jedna članica moje ekipe urednica je u jednoj velikoj
09:10
global media company, but she never thought about this
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globalnoj medijskoj kompaniji, ali ona nikada nije o tome razmišljala
09:13
as a career path until she met female role models at JAWS.
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kao o karijeri, sve dok nije upoznala ženske uzore u JAWS.
09:18
But this is not just a job for super-journalists,
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Ali taj posao nije samo za super novinare
09:20
or my organization. You all have a stake in a strong,
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ili moju organizaciju. Svi vi imate udio u jakom,
09:23
vibrant media.
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razvojnom mediju.
09:25
Analyze your news, and speak up when there are gaps
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Analizirajte vijesti i pobunite se kada postoje nedostaci
09:28
missing in coverage like people at the New York Times did.
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u reportažama, baš kao što su to napravili ljudi iz New York Timesa.
09:31
Suggest female sources to reporters and editors.
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Predložite žene za posao novinara i urednika.
09:35
Remember, a complete picture of reality
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Zapamtite, cijelokupna slika stvarnosti
09:37
may depend upon it.
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možda ovisi o tome.
09:39
And I'll leave you with a video clip that I first saw in [1987]
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Ostavljam vas s video isječkom koji sam prvi puta vidjela 2007. godine
09:42
when I was a student in London.
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dok sam studirala u Londonu.
09:44
It's for the Guardian newspaper.
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Video je za novine „Guardian“.
09:46
It's actually long before I ever thought about
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To je zapravo bilo puno prije nego što sam razmišljala
09:47
becoming a journalist, but I was very interested
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o poslu novinara, ali me jako zanimao
09:50
in how we learn to perceive our world.
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način na koji učimo percipirati naš svijet.
09:54
Narrator: An event seen from one point of view
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Pripovjedač: Događaj viđen iz jednog kuta
09:57
gives one impression.
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stvara jedan dojam.
10:04
Seen from another point of view,
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Viđen iz drugog kuta,
10:06
it gives quite a different impression.
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stvara sasvim drugačiji dojam.
10:10
But it's only when you get the whole picture
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Ali samo kada vidimo potpunu sliku,
10:13
you can fully understand what's going on.
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možemo u potpunosti razumjeti što se događa.
10:19
"The Guardian"
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„The Guardian“
10:21
Megan Kamerick: I think you'll all agree
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Megan Kamerick: Mislim da ćete se svi složiti sa mnom
10:22
that we'd be better off if we all had the whole picture.
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kada kažem da bi nam svima bilo bolje kada bismo imali potpunu sliku.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Megan Kamerick - ReporterJournalist Megan Kamerick fights for well-balanced storytelling in media.
Why you should listen
Megan Kamerick is passionate about getting women’s voices into media. A journalist for 20 years, she is the former president of the Journalism & Women Symposium, an organization dedicated to advancing the careers of women in journalism and to promoting a more accurate representation of society as a whole. She is currently the producer of "New Mexico in Focus," a weekly public affairs show on KNME/New Mexico PBS. She is also an independent producer for public radio station KUNM where she produces a newscast focused on news about women. Megan previously produced and hosted Public Square on New Mexico PBS, and she worked at business weeklies in San Antonio, New Orleans and Albuquerque. She has also freelanced for many publications and produced stories for Latino USA and National Public Radio.
More profile about the speakerMegan Kamerick | Speaker | TED.com