ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Jeff Iliff - Neuroscientist
Jeff Iliff is a neuroscientist who explores the unique functions of the brain.

Why you should listen
Neuroscientist Jeff Iliff 's research follows two main paths. The first is the exploration of how the brain’s support cells, called glia, contribute to maintaining the proper environment for neuronal function and how their failure in conditions like vascular dementia, stroke, and traumatic brain injury leads to neurodegeneration. The second seeks to define the basic cellular mechanisms by which brain blood flow is coordinated up and down the vascular tree. Now an Assistant Professor of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine at Oregon Health & Science University, Jeff was a part of a University of Rochester Medical Center team that discovered a brain cleansing system, which they dubbed the “glymphatic system.”
More profile about the speaker
Jeff Iliff | Speaker | TED.com
TEDMED 2014

Jeff Iliff: One more reason to get a good night's sleep

Jef Iliff: Razlog više za dobar san

Filmed:
5,135,628 views

Mozak koristi četvrtinu energije cijelog tijela, a zauzima tek oko 2% cijele tjelesne mase. Kako ovaj jedinstveni organ prima, i još važnije, kako se rješava hranjivih tvari? Novo istraživanje pokazuje da bi san mogao imati veze s tim.
- Neuroscientist
Jeff Iliff is a neuroscientist who explores the unique functions of the brain. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:12
SleepSpavati.
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Spavanje.
00:14
It's something we spendprovesti about
a thirdtreći of our livesživot doing,
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Trećinu svog života
provedemo spavajući,
00:17
but do any of us really understandrazumjeti what it's all about?
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ali razumije li itko od nas
o čemu se tu zapravo radi?
00:20
Two thousandtisuću yearsgodina agoprije, GalenGalen,
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Prije dvije tisuće godina Galen,
00:22
one of the mostnajviše prominentistaknuti medicalmedicinski researchersistraživači
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jedan od najistaknutijih
istraživača medicine
00:25
of the ancientantički worldsvijet,
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starog svijeta,
00:26
proposedzaprosio that while we're awakebudan,
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tvrdio je da dok smo budni,
00:28
our brain'smozak je motivemotiv forcesila, its juicesok,
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pokretačka sila našeg mozga,
njegov sok,
00:31
would flowteći out to all the other partsdijelovi of the bodytijelo,
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prelijeva se u druge dijelove tijela,
00:34
animatingAnimiranje them but leavingnapuštanje the brainmozak all driedsuho up,
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oživljavajući ih, ali ujedno
ostavljajući mozak potpuno osušenim,
00:38
and he thought that when we sleepspavati,
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i smatrao je da se, kada spavamo,
00:40
all this moisturevlaga that filledispunjen the restodmor of the bodytijelo
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sva ta vlaga koja je prethodno
ispunjavala naše tijelo,
00:42
would come rushingTo back,
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vraća natrag,
00:44
rehydratingrehydrating the brainmozak
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ponovo hidratizirajući mozak
00:46
and refreshingOsvježavanje the mindum.
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i osvježavajući um.
00:48
Now, that soundszvukovi completelypotpuno ridiculoussmiješan to us now,
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Danas nam to zvuči potpuno suludo,
00:51
but GalenGalen was simplyjednostavno tryingtežak to explainobjasniti
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ali Galen je jednostavno pokušao
objasniti
00:53
something about sleepspavati
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spavanje kao
00:54
that we all dealdogovor with everysvaki day.
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nešto što radimo svaki dan.
00:57
See, we all know basedzasnovan on our ownvlastiti experienceiskustvo
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Svi mi iz vlastitog iskustva znamo
00:59
that when you sleepspavati, it clearsbriše your mindum,
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da kada spavamo,
mozak postaje bistriji,
01:02
and when you don't sleepspavati,
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a kada ne spavamo
01:03
it leaveslišće your mindum murkyTaman.
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mozak postaje mutniji.
01:06
But while we know a great dealdogovor more about sleepspavati now
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Ali unatoč tome što danas
znamo mnogo više o spavanju
01:08
than when GalenGalen was around,
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negoli u Galenovo vrijeme,
01:10
we still haven'tnisu understoodrazumjeti why it is that sleepspavati,
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još uvijek nismo otkrili
zašto baš spavanje,
01:13
of all of our activitiesdjelatnost, has this incrediblenevjerojatan
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od svih naših aktivnosti,
ima ovakvu nevjerojatnu
01:16
restorativejačanje functionfunkcija for the mindum.
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funkciju obnavljanja uma.
01:18
So todaydanas I want to tell you about
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Danas bih vam želio reći
nešto više
01:20
some recentnedavni researchistraživanje
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o nedavnom istraživanju
01:21
that maysvibanj shedšupe newnovi lightsvjetlo on this questionpitanje.
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koje bi moglo razjasniti ovo pitanje.
01:24
We'veMoramo foundpronađeno that sleepspavati maysvibanj actuallyzapravo be
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Otkrili smo da bi spavanje
zapravo moglo biti
01:27
a kindljubazan of elegantelegantan designdizajn solutionriješenje
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vrlo elegantno osmišljeno rješenje
01:30
to some of the brain'smozak je mostnajviše basicosnovni needspotrebe,
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za neke od najosnovnijih
potreba mozga,
01:32
a uniquejedinstvena way that the brainmozak
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jedinstven način na koji mozak
01:34
meetszadovoljava the highvisok demandszahtjevi and the narrowsuziti marginsmargine
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udovoljava visokim zahtjevima
i finesama
01:37
that setset it apartosim from all the other organsorgana of the bodytijelo.
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koji ga razlikuju od ostalih organa.
01:42
So almostskoro all the biologybiologija that we observepromatrati
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Skoro sva biologija koju promatramo
01:45
can be thought of as a seriesniz of problemsproblemi
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može se promišljati kao
niz problema
01:48
and theirnjihov correspondingodgovara solutionsrješenja,
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i niz odgovarajućih rješenja,
01:50
and the first problemproblem that everysvaki organorgulje mustmora solveriješiti
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a glavni problem koji svaki organ
mora riješiti jest
01:53
is a continuousstalan supplyOpskrba of nutrientshranjive tvari to fuelgorivo
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konstantna opskrba svih tih stanica
01:56
all those cellsStanice of the bodytijelo.
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hranjivim materijalima.
01:57
In the brainmozak, that is especiallyposebno criticalkritično;
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To je posebno važno za mozak;
02:00
its intenseintenzivan electricalelektrična activityaktivnost usesnamjene up
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njegova intenzivna električna aktivnost
crpi
02:02
a quarterčetvrtina of the body'stijelo je entirečitav energyenergija supplyOpskrba,
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četvrtinu sveukupne energetske
zalihe tijela
02:05
even thoughiako the brainmozak accountsračuni
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iako on čini
02:07
for only about two percentposto of the body'stijelo je massmasa.
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tek dva posto tjelesne mase.
02:10
So the circulatoryKrvožilni systemsistem
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Krvotok
02:11
solvesrješava the nutrienthranjiva deliverydostava problemproblem
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rješava problem dostave
hranjivih tvari
02:14
by sendingslanje bloodkrv vesselsposuđe to supplyOpskrba nutrientshranjive tvari
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kroz krvne žile koje opskrbljuju
hranjivim tvarima
02:16
and oxygenkisik to everysvaki cornerugao of our bodytijelo.
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i kisikom svaki djeličak našeg tijela.
02:20
You can actuallyzapravo see it in this videovideo here.
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Možete to vidjeti u ovom videu.
02:23
Here, we're imagingobrada slike bloodkrv vesselsposuđe
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Ovdje smo snimili krvne žile
02:24
in the brainmozak of a livingživot mousemiš.
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u mozgu živog miša.
02:27
The bloodkrv vesselsposuđe formoblik a complexkompleks networkmreža
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Krvne žile čine složenu mrežu
02:30
that fillsispunjava the entirečitav brainmozak volumevolumen.
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koja pokriva cijeli mozak.
02:32
They startpočetak at the surfacepovršinski of the brainmozak,
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Počinju na površini mozga
02:34
and then they diveronjenje down into the tissuetkivo itselfsebe,
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i zaranjaju u samo tkivo,
02:37
and as they spreadširenje out, they supplyOpskrba nutrientshranjive tvari
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i kako se šire, opskrbljuju
hranjivim tvarima
02:39
and oxygenkisik to eachsvaki and everysvaki cellćelija in the brainmozak.
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i kisikom svaku stanicu
u mozgu zasebno.
02:45
Now, just as everysvaki cellćelija requirestraži
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Kao što svakoj stanici trebaju
02:48
nutrientshranjive tvari to fuelgorivo it,
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hranjive tvari za njen pogon,
02:50
everysvaki cellćelija alsotakođer producesproizvodi wastegubljenje as a byproductnusprodukt,
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tako svaka stanica proizvodi
otpad kao nusproizvod,
02:53
and the clearanceklirens of that wastegubljenje
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i rješavanje tog otpada
02:55
is the seconddrugi basicosnovni problemproblem
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drugi je glavni problem
02:57
that eachsvaki organorgulje has to solveriješiti.
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koji svaki organ mora riješiti.
03:00
This diagramdijagram showspokazuje the body'stijelo je lymphaticlimfni systemsistem,
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Ovaj dijagram pokazuje limfni
sustav u tijelu
03:02
whichkoji has evolvedrazvio to meetsastati this need.
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koji se razvio kako bi ispunio
ovu potrebu.
03:05
It's a seconddrugi parallelparalelno networkmreža of vesselsposuđe
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To je druga paralelna mreža žila
03:07
that extendsproteže se throughoutkroz the bodytijelo.
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koja se širi tijelom.
03:09
It takes up proteinsproteini and other wastegubljenje
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Uzima proteine i drugi otpad iz
03:11
from the spacesprostori betweenizmeđu the cellsStanice,
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međustaničnog prostora,
03:13
it collectsprikuplja them, and then dumpspotištenost them into the bloodkrv
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skuplja ih i ubacuje u krv
03:16
so they can be disposedzbrinuti of.
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kako bi se oni uklonili.
03:18
But if you look really closelytijesno at this diagramdijagram,
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Ako pažljivije promotrite
03:20
you'llvi ćete see something
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ovaj dijagram, vidjet ćete nešto
03:22
that doesn't make a lot of senseosjećaj.
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što nema puno smisla.
03:24
So if we were to zoomzum into this guy'stip je headglava,
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Ukoliko bismo zumirali
glavu ovog čovjeka,
03:27
one of the things that you would see there
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primijetili biste da
03:29
is that there are no lymphaticlimfni vesselsposuđe in the brainmozak.
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u mozgu nema limfnih žila.
03:33
But that doesn't make a lot of senseosjećaj, does it?
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Ali to baš i nema previše smisla, zar ne?
03:36
I mean, the brainmozak is this intenselyintenzivno activeaktivan organorgulje
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Mozak je iznimno aktivan organ
03:39
that producesproizvodi a correspondinglyodgovarajuće
largeveliki amountiznos of wastegubljenje
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koji proizvodi velike
količine otpada
03:42
that mustmora be efficientlyefikasno clearedizbrisan.
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kojega se mora učinkovito riješiti.
03:44
And yetjoš, it lacksnema lymphaticlimfni vesselsposuđe, whichkoji meanssredstva that
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A opet, tu nema limfnih žila, što znači da
03:47
the approachpristup that the restodmor of the bodytijelo takes
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pristup koji ostatak tijela koristi
03:49
to clearingčišćenje away its wastegubljenje
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pri rješavanju otpada,
neće funkcionirati u mozgu.
03:51
won'tnavika work in the brainmozak.
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03:54
So how, then, does the brainmozak solveriješiti
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Pa kako mozak rješava
03:56
its wastegubljenje clearanceklirens problemproblem?
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svoj problem rješavanja otpada?
03:58
Well, that seeminglynaizgled mundanezemaljski questionpitanje
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Upravo je ovo naizgled
obično pitanje
04:02
is where our groupskupina first jumpedskočio into this storypriča,
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navelo našu grupu da se uključi u priču
04:05
and what we foundpronađeno
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i otkrili smo,
04:07
as we dovegolub down into the brainmozak,
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kad smo zaronili duboko u mozak,
04:09
down amongmeđu the neuronsneuroni and the bloodkrv vesselsposuđe,
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duboko među neurone i krvne žile,
04:12
was that the brain'smozak je solutionriješenje
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rješenje mozga
04:15
to the problemproblem of wastegubljenje clearanceklirens,
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za problem rješavanja otpada,
04:17
it was really unexpectedneočekivan.
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bilo je uistino neočekivano.
04:19
It was ingeniousgenijalan,
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Bilo je genijalno,
04:22
but it was alsotakođer beautifullijep.
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ali je i lijepo.
04:25
Let me tell you about what we foundpronađeno.
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Ispričat ću vam što smo pronašli.
04:27
So the brainmozak has this largeveliki poolbazen
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Mozak ima veliki bazen
04:29
of cleančist, clearčisto fluidtekućine calledzvao cerebrospinallikvoru fluidtekućine.
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bistre tekućine nazvane
"cerebrospinalna tekućina".
04:33
We call it the CSFCSF.
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Mi je zovemo CST.
04:34
The CSFCSF fillsispunjava the spaceprostor that surroundsokružuje the brainmozak,
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CST ispunjava prostor koji
okružuje mozak,
04:38
and wastesvrsta otpada from insideiznutra the brainmozak
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i otpad iz mozga
04:39
make theirnjihov way out to the CSFCSF,
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izlazi u CST,
04:42
whichkoji getsdobiva dumpedbačena, alonguz with
the wastegubljenje, into the bloodkrv.
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koja se s otpadom izbacuje u krv.
04:45
So in that way, it soundszvukovi a lot like
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Podsjeća na
04:46
the lymphaticlimfni systemsistem, doesn't it?
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limfni sustav, zar ne?
04:49
But what's interestingzanimljiv is that the fluidtekućine and the wastegubljenje
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Ali zanimjivo je da se
tekućina i otpad
04:51
from insideiznutra the brainmozak,
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iz mozga
04:53
they don't just percolateprocijediti theirnjihov way randomlyslučajno
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ne filtriraju nasumično
04:55
out to these poolsbazeni of CSFCSF.
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u bazene CST, već
04:58
InsteadUmjesto toga, there is a specializedspecijalizirani networkmreža of plumbingvodovodni
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postoji vodoinstalacijski sustav
05:02
that organizesorganizira and facilitatesolakšava this processpostupak.
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koji organizira i olakšava ovaj proces.
05:05
You can see that in these videosvideo.
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Možete to vidjeti u ovim videima.
05:08
Here, we're again imagingobrada slike into the brainmozak
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Ovdje ponovno skeniramo
mozak
05:11
of livingživot micemiševi.
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živog miša.
05:12
The frameokvir on your left showspokazuje
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Isječak s vaše lijeve strane pokazuje
05:14
what's happeningdogađa at the brain'smozak je surfacepovršinski,
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što se događa na
površini mozga,
05:16
and the frameokvir on your right showspokazuje
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a ovaj s desne pokazuje
05:18
what's happeningdogađa down belowispod the surfacepovršinski of the brainmozak
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što se događa ispod površine mozga
05:20
withinunutar the tissuetkivo itselfsebe.
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unutar samog tkiva.
05:21
We'veMoramo labeleds oznakom the bloodkrv vesselsposuđe in redcrvena,
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Označili smo krvne žile crvenom bojom,
05:24
and the CSFCSF that's surroundingokolni the brainmozak
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a CST koja okružuje mozak
05:26
will be in greenzelena.
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jest zelene boje.
05:27
Now, what was surprisingiznenađujuće to us
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I ono što je nas iznenadilo
05:29
was that the fluidtekućine on the outsideizvan of the brainmozak,
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jest da tekućina koja se
nalazi izvan mozga,
05:32
it didn't stayboravak on the outsideizvan.
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nije ostala vani,
05:35
InsteadUmjesto toga, the CSFCSF was pumpedpumpa back into
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već je CST ispumpana natrag u
05:39
and throughkroz the brainmozak
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i kroz mozak
05:41
alonguz the outsidesvanjskoj of the bloodkrv vesselsposuđe,
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uz rub krvnih žila.
05:44
and as it flushedmlaz vode down into the brainmozak
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I dok se tekućina spuštala kroz mozak
05:46
alonguz the outsidesvanjskoj of these vesselsposuđe,
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uz rubove žila,
05:48
it was actuallyzapravo helpingpomoć to clearčisto away,
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pomagala je u čišćenju
05:51
to cleančist the wastegubljenje from the spacesprostori
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otpada iz međustaničnog
05:53
betweenizmeđu the brain'smozak je cellsStanice.
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prostora mozga.
05:56
If you think about it,
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Ako malo razmislite o tome,
05:58
usingkoristeći the outsidesvanjskoj of these bloodkrv vesselsposuđe like this
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koristeći vanjski rub krvnih žila
na ovaj način
06:01
is a really cleverpametan designdizajn solutionriješenje,
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zaista je pametno osmišljeno rješenje
06:04
because the brainmozak is enclosedu prilogu
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jer je mozak zatvoren
06:07
in a rigidkrute skulllubanja
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unutar tvrde lubanje,
06:08
and it's packedupakiran fullpuni of cellsStanice,
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a prepun je stanica,
06:10
so there is no extraekstra spaceprostor insideiznutra it
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tako da tu nema viška prostora
06:13
for a wholečitav seconddrugi setset of vesselsposuđe
like the lymphaticlimfni systemsistem.
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za cijeli paralelni sustav žila
kao što je limfni sustav.
06:17
YetJoš the bloodkrv vesselsposuđe,
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No krvne žile se ipak
06:18
they extendprodužiti from the surfacepovršinski of the brainmozak
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šire od površine mozga
06:20
down to reachdohvatiti everysvaki singlesingl cellćelija in the brainmozak,
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i dopiru do svake stanice u mozgu,
06:23
whichkoji meanssredstva that fluidtekućine
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što znači da tekućina
06:24
that's travelingputujući alonguz the outsidesvanjskoj of these vesselsposuđe
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koja putuje uz rub žila
06:27
can gaindobit easylako accesspristup to the entirečitav brain'smozak je volumevolumen,
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ima lak pristup cijelom mozgu,
06:31
so it's actuallyzapravo this really cleverpametan way
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pa je to vrlo pametan način
06:33
to repurposerepurpose one setset of vesselsposuđe, the bloodkrv vesselsposuđe,
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prenamjene jednog sustava žila,
krvnih žila,
06:37
to take over and replacezamijeniti the functionfunkcija
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kako bi preuzeo i zamijenio funkciju
06:40
of a seconddrugi setset of vesselsposuđe, the lymphaticlimfni vesselsposuđe,
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drugog sustava žila, limfnih žila,
06:43
to make it so you don't need them.
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kako ih ne bismo uopće trebali.
06:45
And what's amazingnevjerojatan is that no other organorgulje
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Čudesno je to što nijedan
drugi organ
06:48
takes quitedosta this approachpristup
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nema ovakav pristup
06:49
to clearingčišćenje away the wastegubljenje from betweenizmeđu its cellsStanice.
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čišćenju međustaničnog otpada.
06:52
This is a solutionriješenje that is entirelypotpuno uniquejedinstvena to the brainmozak.
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To je rješenje karakteristično za mozak,
06:58
But our mostnajviše surprisingiznenađujuće findingnalaz
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ali naše otkriće koje nas je
najviše iznenadilo
07:00
was that all of this,
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bilo je da sve ovo,
07:03
everything I just told you about,
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sve ovo što sam vam ispričao
07:05
with all this fluidtekućine rushingTo throughkroz the brainmozak,
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o tekućini koja ispire mozak,
07:08
it's only happeningdogađa in the sleepingspavanje brainmozak.
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to se događa samo dok mozak spava.
07:12
Here, the videovideo on the left
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Ovdje, video s lijeve strane
07:14
showspokazuje how much of the CSFCSF is movingkreće
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pokazuje kretanje CST-a
07:16
throughkroz the brainmozak of a livingživot mousemiš while it's awakebudan.
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kroz mozak budnog živog miša.
07:20
It's almostskoro nothing.
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Skoro ništa.
07:22
YetJoš in the sameisti animalživotinja,
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A ipak kod iste životinje,
07:23
if we wait just a little while untildo it's goneotišao to sleepspavati,
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ako pričekamo samo malo
dok ne ode spavati,
07:26
what we see is that the CSFCSF
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vidimo da CST
07:29
is rushingTo throughkroz the brainmozak,
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juri kroz mozak,
07:31
and we discoveredotkriven that at the sameisti time
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a otkrili smo da
07:34
when the brainmozak goeside to sleepspavati,
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kad mozak ide spavati
07:36
the brainmozak cellsStanice themselvesse seemčiniti se to shrinkse smanjiti,
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ujedno se smanjuju moždane stanice
07:39
openingotvor up spacesprostori in betweenizmeđu them,
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povećavajući prostore između njih
07:41
allowingomogućujući fluidtekućine to rushžuriti throughkroz
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dozvoljavajući tekućini da protekne njima
07:43
and allowingomogućujući wastegubljenje to be clearedizbrisan out.
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i tako očisti otpad.
07:46
So it seemsčini se that GalenGalen maysvibanj actuallyzapravo have been
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Stoga se čini da je Galen možda čak
07:48
sortvrsta of on the right trackstaza when he wrotenapisao about
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bio na pravom tragu pišući o
07:51
fluidtekućine rushingTo throughkroz the brainmozak
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tekućini koja juri mozgom
07:53
when sleepspavati camedošao on.
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kada zaspemo.
07:55
Our ownvlastiti researchistraživanje, now it's 2,000 yearsgodina laterkasnije,
185
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Naše istraživanje, 2000 godina kasnije,
07:58
suggestssugerira that what's happeningdogađa is that
186
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pretpostavlja da
08:00
when the brainmozak is awakebudan
187
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mozak u budnom i
08:03
and is at its mostnajviše busyzauzet,
188
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najaktivnijem stanju
08:05
it putsstavlja off clearingčišćenje away the wastegubljenje
189
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odgađaa čišćenje otpada
08:07
from the spacesprostori betweenizmeđu its cellsStanice untildo laterkasnije,
190
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iz međustaničnih prostora za kasnije,
08:10
and then, when it goeside to sleepspavati
191
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a kada ode spavati
08:12
and doesn't have to be as busyzauzet,
192
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i nije toliko zauzet,
08:14
it shiftspomaci into a kindljubazan of cleaningčišćenje modenačin
193
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prebacuje se u stanje čišćenja
08:17
to clearčisto away the wastegubljenje
194
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kako bi očistio otpad
08:19
from the spacesprostori betweenizmeđu its cellsStanice,
195
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1508
iz međustaničnih prostora,
08:20
the wastegubljenje that's accumulatedakumulirana throughoutkroz the day.
196
488360
2417
otpad koji se nakupio tijekom dana.
08:22
So it's actuallyzapravo a little bitbit like how you or I,
197
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2408
Na neki je način nalik tome kako vi ili ja
08:25
we put off our householddomaćinstvo choresposlove duringza vrijeme the work weektjedan
198
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odgađamo kućanske poslove tijekom
radnih dana kada se
08:28
when we don't have time to get to it,
199
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ne stignemo njima baviti
08:29
and then we playigrati catchulov up on all
the cleaningčišćenje that we have to do
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i onda sve to čišćenje pokušavamo
nadoknaditi
08:33
when the weekendvikend rollspecivo around.
201
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preko vikenda.
08:35
Now, I've just talkedRazgovarao a lot about wastegubljenje clearanceklirens,
202
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3272
Puno sam pričao o čišćenju otpada,
08:39
but I haven'tnisu been very specificspecifično
203
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1452
ali nisam baš precizno rekao
08:40
about the kindsvrste of wastegubljenje
204
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1394
kakav to otpad
08:42
that the brainmozak needspotrebe to be clearingčišćenje
205
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2295
mozak treba očistiti
08:44
duringza vrijeme sleepspavati in ordernarudžba to stayboravak healthyzdrav.
206
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2543
za vrijeme spavanja kako bi ostao zdrav.
08:46
The wastegubljenje productproizvod that these recentnedavni studiesstudije
207
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1597
Nusproizvod na koji se nova
08:48
focusedusmjerena mostnajviše on is amyloid-betaamiloid-beta,
208
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2418
istraživanja najviše usredotočuju je
amyloid-beta,
08:50
whichkoji is a proteinprotein that's madenapravljen
in the brainmozak all the time.
209
518719
3195
protein koji se u mozgu neprestano stvara.
08:54
My brain'smozak je makingizrađivanje amyloid-betaamiloid-beta right now,
210
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1858
Moj ga mozak proizvodi upravo sada,
08:55
and so is yourstvoj.
211
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baš kao i vaš.
08:58
But in patientspacijenti with Alzheimer'sAlzheimerove diseasebolest,
212
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2002
Ali kod oboljelih od Alzheimera,
09:00
amyloid-betaamiloid-beta buildsgradi up and aggregatesagregati
213
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2599
amyloid-beta nakuplja se
09:02
in the spacesprostori betweenizmeđu the brain'smozak je cellsStanice,
214
530531
2013
u prostorima između stanica mozga,
09:04
insteadumjesto of beingbiće clearedizbrisan away
like it's supposedtrebala to be,
215
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3426
umjesto da se čisti na način na koji
bi trebao,
09:08
and it's this buildupnakupine of amyloid-betaamiloid-beta
216
535970
2010
a baš je to nakupljanje amyloid-bete
09:10
that's thought to be one of the keyključ stepskoraci
217
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2213
navodno jedan od ključnih koraka
09:12
in the developmentrazvoj of that terribleužasan diseasebolest.
218
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2621
u razvijanju ove strašne bolesti.
09:15
So we measuredizmjerena how fastbrzo amyloid-betaamiloid-beta is clearedizbrisan
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3094
Stoga smo izmjerili koliko se brzo
amyloid-beta čisti
09:18
from the brainmozak when it's awakebudan
220
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1732
iz mozga u stanju budnosti
09:19
versusprotiv when it's asleepzaspao,
221
547640
1778
i u stanju spavanja
09:21
and we foundpronađeno that indeeddoista,
222
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1878
i otkrili smo da je
09:23
the clearanceklirens of amyloid-betaamiloid-beta
223
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1890
čišćenje amyloid-bete
09:25
is much more rapidbrz from the sleepingspavanje brainmozak.
224
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4519
ustinu brže za vrijeme spavanja.
09:29
So if sleepspavati, then,
225
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1679
Stoga, ako je spavanje
09:31
is partdio of the brain'smozak je solutionriješenje
226
559384
1958
jedna metoda mozga za
09:33
to the problemproblem of wastegubljenje clearanceklirens,
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2010
čišćenje otpada,
09:35
then this maysvibanj dramaticallydramatično changepromijeniti how we think
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to može dramatično promijeniti naš način
09:37
about the relationshipodnos betweenizmeđu sleepspavati,
229
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razmišljanja o odnosu između sna,
09:40
amyloid-betaamiloid-beta, and Alzheimer'sAlzheimerove diseasebolest.
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amyloid-bete i Alzheimera.
09:43
A seriesniz of recentnedavni clinicalklinički studiesstudije
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1958
Niz novih kliničkih studija
09:45
suggestpredložiti that amongmeđu patientspacijenti
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navodi da kod pacijenata
09:47
who haven'tnisu yetjoš developedrazvijen Alzheimer'sAlzheimerove diseasebolest,
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koji još nisu razvili Alzheimerovu bolest,
09:50
worseningpogoršanje sleepspavati qualitykvaliteta and sleepspavati durationtrajanje
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pogoršanje u kvaliteti sna i
njegovoj dužini
09:53
are associatedpovezan with a greaterviše amountiznos
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2018
povezani su s većom količinom
09:55
of amyloid-betaamiloid-beta buildingzgrada up in the brainmozak,
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2812
nakupina amyloid-bete u mozgu,
09:58
and while it's importantvažno to pointtočka out
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i iako je važno napomenuti
10:00
that these studiesstudije don't provedokazati
238
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1710
da ove studije ne dokazuju
10:01
that lacknedostatak of sleepspavati or poorsiromašan sleepspavati
239
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da manjak sna ili loš san
10:04
causeuzrok Alzheimer'sAlzheimerove diseasebolest,
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2407
uzrokuju Alzheimerovu bolest,
10:06
they do suggestpredložiti that the failureneuspjeh of the brainmozak
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one sugeriraju da nemogućnost mozga
10:09
to keep its housekuća cleančist
242
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1912
da održi svoj životni prostor čistim,
10:10
by clearingčišćenje away wastegubljenje like amyloid-betaamiloid-beta
243
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2756
čisteći ga od otpada poput amyloid-bete,
10:13
maysvibanj contributedoprinijeti to the developmentrazvoj
244
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može doprinijeti razvitku
10:15
of conditionsUvjeti like Alzheimer'sAlzheimerove.
245
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3617
poremećaja poput Alzheimera.
10:19
So what this newnovi researchistraživanje tellsgovori us, then,
246
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1905
Ovo novo israživanje govori nam
10:21
is that the one thing that all of you
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da bi sve ono što smo svi mi
10:23
alreadyveć knewznao about sleepspavati,
248
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već znali o spavanju,
10:24
that even GalenGalen understoodrazumjeti about sleepspavati,
249
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ono što je čak i Galen shvaćao,
10:27
that it refreshesosvježava and clearsbriše the mindum,
250
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3071
da ono osvježava i pročišćava um,
10:30
maysvibanj actuallyzapravo be a bigvelika partdio
251
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1541
mogao biti glavni
10:32
of what sleepspavati is all about.
252
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2317
razlog postojanja sna.
10:34
See, you and I, we go to sleepspavati
253
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Vi i ja idemo spavati
10:36
everysvaki singlesingl night,
254
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1733
svake noći,
10:37
but our brainsmozak, they never restodmor.
255
625543
3003
ali naši mozgovi nikad ne odmaraju.
10:40
While our bodytijelo is still
256
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1834
Dok je naše tijelo u mirovanju,
10:42
and our mindum is off walkinghodanje in dreamssnovi somewherenegdje,
257
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a naš um šeće po snovima,
10:45
the elegantelegantan machinerystrojevi of the brainmozak
258
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mozak kao uglađen stroj
10:47
is quietlytiho hardteško at work
259
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1980
tiho, ali naporno
10:49
cleaningčišćenje and maintainingodržavanje
260
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2193
čisti i održava
10:51
this unimaginablynezamislivo complexkompleks machinemašina.
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taj nezamislivo kompleksni stroj.
10:54
Like our houseworkkućanski poslovi,
262
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Poput kućanskih poslova,
10:55
it's a dirtyprljav and a thanklessnezahvalan jobposao,
263
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2749
to je prljav i nezahvalan posao,
10:58
but it's alsotakođer importantvažno.
264
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2255
ali je i važan posao.
11:00
In your housekuća, if you stop cleaningčišćenje your kitchenkuhinja
265
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2403
Ako prestanemo čistiti
11:02
for a monthmjesec,
266
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1908
kuhinju na mjesec dana,
11:04
your home will becomepostati completelypotpuno unlivableZbilja je prljava
267
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2439
naš će cijeli dom vrlo brzo postati
11:07
very quicklybrzo.
268
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1607
neprikladan za život.
11:08
But in the brainmozak, the consequencesposljedice
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U mozgu posljedice
11:10
of fallingkoji pada behindiza maysvibanj be much greaterviše
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odgađanja čišćenja mogu biti mnogo veće
11:13
than the embarrassmentSram of dirtyprljav countertopsnape,
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od neugode koju će kod nas izazvati
prljavi šankovi
11:16
because when it comesdolazi to cleaningčišćenje the brainmozak,
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jer kad se radi o čišćenju mozga,
11:19
it is the very healthzdravlje and functionfunkcija
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tada je na kocki zdravlje i funkcija
11:21
of the mindum and the bodytijelo that's at stakeulog,
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uma i tijela
11:24
whichkoji is why understandingrazumijevanje these
275
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2241
i zato je ključno danas razumjeti
11:26
very basicosnovni housekeepingusluga čišćenja functionsfunkcije of the brainmozak todaydanas
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ove osnovne održavajuće funkcije mozga
11:30
maysvibanj be criticalkritično for preventingsprečavanje and treatingtretiranje
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koje bi mogle biti ključne u prevenciji
i liječenju
11:33
diseasesoboljenja of the mindum tomorrowsutra.
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bolesti uma sutra.
11:36
Thank you.
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Hvala vam!
11:38
(ApplausePljesak)
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(Pljesak. )
Translated by Anja Kolobarić
Reviewed by Ivan Stamenkovic

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Jeff Iliff - Neuroscientist
Jeff Iliff is a neuroscientist who explores the unique functions of the brain.

Why you should listen
Neuroscientist Jeff Iliff 's research follows two main paths. The first is the exploration of how the brain’s support cells, called glia, contribute to maintaining the proper environment for neuronal function and how their failure in conditions like vascular dementia, stroke, and traumatic brain injury leads to neurodegeneration. The second seeks to define the basic cellular mechanisms by which brain blood flow is coordinated up and down the vascular tree. Now an Assistant Professor of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine at Oregon Health & Science University, Jeff was a part of a University of Rochester Medical Center team that discovered a brain cleansing system, which they dubbed the “glymphatic system.”
More profile about the speaker
Jeff Iliff | Speaker | TED.com

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