TEDGlobal 2009
John Lloyd: An inventory of the invisible
John Lloyd radi inventar nevidljivoga
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Misterije prirode se susreću sa njegovim urnebesnim, 10 minutnim miksom skica i zabavnih pouka, dok komičar, pisac i TV čovjek John Lloyd prebire kroz substance nekoliko stvari koje su nevidljive.
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
So the question is, what is invisible?
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Pitanje je, što je to nevidljivo?
00:17
There is more of it than you think, actually.
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Zapravo, postoji više toga nego što vi mislite.
00:20
Everything, I would say. Everything that matters
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Ja bih rekao sve, sve što je bitno
00:23
except every thing and except matter.
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osim svake stvari, i osim materije.
00:29
We can see matter. But we can't see what's the matter.
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Mi možemo vidjeti materiju. Ali ne možemo vidjeti što je materija.
00:33
As in this cryptic sentence I found in The Guardian recently:
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Kao u ovoj kriptiranoj rečenici koju sam našao nedavno u Guardian-u.
00:38
"The marriage suffered a setback in 1965,
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"Brak je pretrpio neuspjeh 1965. godine
00:41
when the husband was killed by the wife."
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kada je muž ubijen od strane svoje žene."
00:44
(Laughter)
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(Smjeh)
00:47
There's a world of invisibility there, isn't there?
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Postoji svijet nevidljivoga tu, zar ne?
00:49
(Laughter)
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(Smjeh)
00:51
So, we can see the stars and the planets,
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Možemo vidjeti zvjezde i planete.
00:53
but we can't see what holds them apart
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Ali ne možemo vidjeti što ih drži odvojenima,
00:56
or what draws them together.
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ili što ih vuče jedne prema drugima.
00:58
With matter, as with people, we see only the skin of things.
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S materijom, kao i s ljudima, vidimo samo vanjštinu stvari.
01:01
We can't see into the engine room.
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Ne možemo vidjeti unutar strojarnice.
01:03
We can't see what makes people tick, at least not without difficulty.
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Ne možemo vidjeti što ljude pokreće, barem ne bez poteškoća.
01:06
And the closer we look at anything, the more it disappears.
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I što više iz bliza gledamo bilo što, tako ta stvar sve više nestaje.
01:10
In fact, if you look really closely at stuff,
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Zapravo, ako stvarno promatrate nešto iz bliza,
01:12
if you look at the basic substructure of matter,
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ako gledate osnovnu substrukturu materije,
01:14
there isn't anything there.
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nema ničega tamo.
01:16
Electrons disappear in a kind of fuzz,
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Elektroni nestaju u nekakvoj magli,
01:18
and there is only energy. And you can't see energy.
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i postoji samo energija. A energiju ne možete vidjeti.
01:23
So everything that matters, that's important, is invisible.
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Tako da je sve što vrijedi, što je važno, nevidljivo.
01:26
One slightly silly thing that's invisible
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Jedna malo glupava stvar koja je nevidljiva
01:29
is this story, which is invisible to you.
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je ova priča, koja je vama nevidljiva.
01:31
And I'm now going to make it visible to you in your minds.
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I sada ću je učiniti vidljivom vama u vašem umu.
01:34
It's about an M.P. called Geoffrey Dickens.
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Radi se o parlamentarnom zastupniku zvanom Geoffery Dickens.
01:38
The late Geoffrey Dickens, M.P. was attending a fete in his constituency.
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Kasni Geoffery Dickens, parlamentarni zastupnik, je prisustvovao svečanosti u svojoj izbornoj jedinici.
01:41
Wherever he went, at every stall he stopped he was closely followed
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Gdje god bi pošao, kad god bi zastao kod nekog štanda
01:44
by a devoted smiling woman of indescribable ugliness.
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slijedila bi ga odana nasmješena žena neopisive ružnoće.
01:47
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
01:49
Try as he might, he couldn't get away from her.
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Koliko god je pokušavao, nije mogao pobjeći od nje.
01:51
A few days later he received a letter from a constituent
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Nakon par dana dobio je pismo od biračice
01:53
saying how much she admired him,
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koja je rekla koliko mu se divi,
01:55
had met him at a fete and asking for a signed photograph.
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i da ga je srela na jednom štandu i zatražila potpisanu sliku.
01:58
After her name, written in brackets was the apt description, horse face.
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Nakon njenog imena, u zagradi je bio napisan opis, konjsko lice.
02:03
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
02:04
"I've misjudged this women," thought Mr. Dickens.
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"Pogrešno sam procijenio ovu ženu." pomislio je gosp. Dickens.
02:06
"Not only is she aware of her physical repulsiveness,
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"Ne samo da je svijesna svoje fizičke odbojnosti,
02:09
she turns it to her advantage.
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već je okreće na svoju prednost.
02:11
A photo is not enough."
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Slika nije dovoljna."
02:13
So he went out and bought a plastic frame to put the photograph in.
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Tako da je otišao i kupio plastični okvir u koji bi stavio sliku.
02:16
And on the photograph, he wrote with a flourish,
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I na slici je napisao s entuzijazmon,
02:18
"To Horse Face, with love from Geoffrey Dickens, M.P."
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"Za 'Konjsko lice', s ljubavlju, Gefforey Dickens, parlamentarni zastupnik."
02:23
After it had been sent off, his secretary said to him,
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Nakon što je poslano njegova tajnica mu je rekla,
02:25
"Did you get that letter from the woman at the fete?
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"Jesi dobio pismo od one žene sa štanda?
02:27
I wrote Horse Face on her, so you'd remember who she was."
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Napisala sam 'Konjsko lice' na kuvertu, kako bi se sjetio tko je ona."
02:31
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
02:37
I bet he thought he wished he was invisible, don't you?
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Kladim se da je pomislio kako bi želio postati nevidljiv, zar ne?
02:39
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
02:41
So, one of the interesting things about invisibility
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Jedna od zanimljivih stvario o nevidljivosti
02:43
is that things that we can't see
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je da one stvari koje ne vidimo
02:45
we also can't understand.
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ne možemo ni razumjeti.
02:47
Gravity is one thing that we can't see
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Sila teža je jedna od stvari koje ne možemo vidjeti,
02:49
and which we don't understand.
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i koju ne razumijemo.
02:51
It's the least understood of all the four fundamental forces,
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Ona je najmanje jasna od četiriju fundamentalnih sila,
02:53
and the weakest.
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i najslabija.
02:55
And nobody really knows what it is or why it's there.
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Nitko zapravo ne zna što je ili zašto postoji.
02:57
For what it's worth, Sir Isaac Newton, the greatest scientist who ever lived,
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Sir Issac Newton, najveći znanstvenik koji je ikada živio,
03:00
he thought Jesus came to Earth specifically to operate the levers of gravity.
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je mislio kako je Isus došao na zemlju samo da bi rukovao polugama sile teže.
03:05
That's what he thought he was there for.
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To je on mislio o njegovoj svrsi postojanja.
03:07
So, bright guy, could be wrong on that one, I don't know.
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Tako da bi pametan čovjek mogao biti u krivu o tome, ne znam.
03:10
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
03:12
Consciousness. I see all your faces.
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Svijest. Vidim sva vaša lica.
03:14
I have no idea what any of you are thinking. Isn't that amazing?
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A nemam nikakvu ideju o tome što razmišljate. Nije li to nevjerojatno?
03:17
Isn't that incredible that we can't read each other's minds?
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Nije li nevjerojatno da ne možemo čitati jedni drugima misli?
03:20
But we can touch each other, taste each other perhaps, if we get close enough.
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Ali možemo se dodirivati, okusiti, ako se dovoljno približivmo.
03:24
But we can't read each other's minds. I find that quite astonishing.
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Ali ne možemo čitati jedni drugima misli. Ja mislim kako je to zadivljujuće.
03:27
In the Sufi faith, this great Middle Eastern religion,
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U Sufi vjerovanju, toj velikoj religiji Sredjeg istoka,
03:31
which some claim is the route of all religions,
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za koju neki tvrde kako je korijen svih religija,
03:33
Sufi masters are all telepaths, so they say.
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Sufi majstori su svi telepati, ili tako tvrde.
03:38
But their main exercise of telepathy
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Ali njihova glavna vježba telepatije
03:40
is to send out powerful signals to the rest of us that it doesn't exist.
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je da šalju snažne signale prema svima nama kako to ne postoji.
03:45
So that's why we don't think it exists,
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Pa zato mi mislimo kako to ne postoji,
03:47
the Sufi masters working on us.
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to su Sufi majstori koji nas obrađuju.
03:50
In the question of consciousness
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Na pitanje svijesti
03:52
and artificial intelligence,
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i umjetne inteligencije.
03:54
artificial intelligence has really, like the study of consciousness,
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Umjetna inteligencija zapravo, kao i nauka o svijesti,
03:56
gotten nowhere. We have no idea how consciousness works.
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nije napredovala. Mi nemamo pojma kako svijest funkcionira.
03:59
With artificial intelligence, not only have they not created artificial intelligence,
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S umjetnom inteligencijom, ne samo da nisu stvorili umjetnu inteligenciju,
04:03
they haven't yet created artificial stupidity.
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već nismo još ni stvorili umjetnu glupost.
04:06
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
04:11
The laws of physics: invisible, eternal, omnipresent, all-powerful.
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Zakoni fizike: ne vidljivi, vječni, sveprisutni, svemoćni.
04:15
Remind you of anyone?
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Podsijeća li vas to na nekoga?
04:17
Interesting. I'm, as you can guess,
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Zanimljivo. Ja nisam, kao što ste mogli predpostaviti,
04:19
not a materialist, I'm an immaterialist.
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materijalist, ja sam imaterijalist.
04:21
And I've found a very useful new word, ignostic. Okay?
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Našao sam vrlo korisnu novu riječ, ignostik. Uredu?
04:24
I'm an ignostic.
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Ja sam ignostik.
04:26
I refuse to be drawn on the question of whether God exists,
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Ja odbijam dopustiti da me se uvuče u pitanje postoji li Bog,
04:29
until somebody properly defines the terms.
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dok netko pravilno ne definira termin.
04:32
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
04:35
Another thing we can't see is the human genome.
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Još nešto što ne možemo vidjeti jest ljudski genom.
04:38
And this is increasingly peculiar,
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I ovo je sve čudnije.
04:41
because about 20 years ago, when they started delving into the genome,
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Zato što prije oko 20 godina, kada su počeli uranjati u genom,
04:46
they thought it would probably contain around 100,000 genes.
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mislili su kako će vjerojatno sadržavati oko 100 tisuća gena.
04:49
Geneticists will know this, but every year since,
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Genetičari će ovo znati, ali svake godine od tada,
04:51
it's been revised downwards.
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taj broj se smanjuje.
04:53
We now think there are likely to be only just over 20,000
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Sada mislimo da je vjerojatno nešto više od 20 tisuća
04:56
genes in the human genome.
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gena u ljudskom genomu.
04:58
This is extraordinary. Because rice -- get this --
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To je nevjerojatno. Zato što riža, zamislite,
05:01
rice is known to have 38 thousand genes.
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za rižu je poznato da ima 38 tisuća gena.
05:05
Potatoes, potatoes have 48 chromosomes. Do you know that?
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Krumpiri, krumpir ima 48 kromosoma. Jeste li to znali?
05:10
Two more than people,
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Dva više nego ljudi.
05:12
and the same as a gorilla.
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A isto kao gorila.
05:14
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
05:16
You can't see these things, but they are very strange.
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Ne možete vidjeti ove stvari. Ali su one jako čudne.
05:19
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
05:21
The stars by day. I always think that's fascinating.
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Zvijezde po danu. Ja uvijek mislim kako je to fascinantno.
05:24
The universe disappears.
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Svemir nestane.
05:26
The more light there is, the less you can see.
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Što je više svijetla, manje možete vidjeti.
05:29
Time, nobody can see time.
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Vrijeme, nitko ne može vidjeti vrijeme.
05:31
I don't know if you know this. Modern physics,
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Ne znam znate li ovo. Moderna fizika,
05:33
there is a big movement in modern physics
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postiji veliki pokret u modernoj fizici
05:35
to decide that time doesn't really exist,
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kako bi se odlučilo da vrijeme zapravo ne postoji.
05:37
because it's too inconvenient for the figures.
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Zato što je nezgodno tijekom izračunavanja jednadžbi.
05:40
It's much easier if it's not really there.
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Puno je lakše da ono ne postoji.
05:42
You can't see the future, obviously.
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Ne možete vidjeti budućnost, očito.
05:44
And you can't see the past, except in your memory.
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I ne možete vidjeti prošlost, osim u svojim sjećanjima.
05:47
One of the interesting things about the past is
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Jedna od zanimljivih stvari od prošlosti je
05:49
you particularly can't see. My son asked me this the other day,
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kako je pogotovo ne možete vidjeti, moj me sin neki dan pitao,
05:52
he said, "Dad, can you remember what I was like when I was two?"
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rakao je, "Tata sjećaš li se kakav sam bio kada sam imao dvije godine?"
05:54
And I said, "Yes." And he said, "Why can't I?"
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I ja sam rekao "Da." A on je rekao, "Zašto ja ne mogu?"
05:57
Isn't that extraordinary? You cannot remember
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Nije li to zapanjujuće? Ne možeš se sjetiti
05:59
what happened to you earlier than the age of two or three,
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što ti se dogodilo ranije od druge ili treće godine života.
06:02
which is great news for psychoanalysts,
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Što je odlična vijest za psihoanalitičare.
06:04
because otherwise they'd be out of a job.
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Zato što bi inače oni ostali bez posla.
06:06
Because that's where all the stuff happens
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Zato što je to vrijeme kada se sve ono događa
06:09
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
06:11
that makes you who you are.
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što vas čini osobama koje jeste.
06:14
Another thing you can't see is the grid on which we hang.
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Još jedna stvar koju ne vidite je mreža na kojoj visimo.
06:17
This is fascinating. You probably know, some of you,
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To je fascinantno. Neki od vas vjerojatno znate,
06:20
that cells are continually renewed. You can see it in skin and this kind of stuff.
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kako se stanice konstantno obnavljaju. Možete vidjeti to na koži i tome slično.
06:23
Skin flakes off, hairs grow, nails, that kind of stuff.
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Koža se ljušti, kosa raste, nokti, takve stvari.
06:27
But every cell in your body is replaced at some point.
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Ali svaka stanica u vašem tijelu je zamjenjena u nekom trenutku.
06:30
Taste buds, every 10 days or so.
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Okusni pupoljci, oko svakih 10 dana.
06:32
Livers and internal organs sort of take a bit longer. A spine takes several years.
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Jetra i unutarnji organi trebaju malo dulje. Kralježnica treba nekoliko godina.
06:36
But at the end of seven years, not one cell in your body
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Ali na kraju sedme godine, niti jedna stanica u vašem tijelu
06:40
remains from what was there seven years ago.
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ne ostaje a koja je bila tamo prije sedam godina.
06:43
The question is, who, then, are we?
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Pitanje je, tko, smo onda mi?
06:45
What are we? What is this thing that we hang on,
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Što smo mi? Što je to na što se držimo,
06:48
that is actually us?
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što smo zapravo?
06:52
Okay. Atoms, you can't see them.
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Dobro. Atomi, ne možete ih vidjeti.
06:54
Nobody ever will. They're smaller than the wavelength of light.
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Nitko nikada ni neće. Oni su manji od svjetlosnih valova.
06:57
Gas, you can't see that.
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Plin, to ne možete vidjeti.
06:59
Interesting. Somebody mentioned 1600 recently.
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Zanimljivo. Netko je spomenuo 1600. nedavno.
07:01
Gas was invented in 1600
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Plin je izumljen 1600. godine
07:03
by a Dutch chemist called Van Helmont.
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od strane nizozemskog kemičara Van Helmonta.
07:06
It's said to be the most successful ever invention
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Kažu kako je to jedna od najuspješnijih inovacija
07:09
of a word by a known individual.
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riječi ikada od strane poznate osobe.
07:11
Quite good. He also invented a word called "blas,"
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Dosta dobro. Također je izmislio riječ zvanu blass,
07:14
meaning astral radiation.
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koja znači astralna radijacija.
07:16
Didn't catch on, unfortunately.
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No to se nažalost nije uhvatilo.
07:18
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
07:20
But well done, him.
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Ali bravo za njega.
07:22
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
07:23
There is so many things that -- Light.
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Postoje toliko stvari koje -- svijetlo.
07:26
You can't see light. When it's dark, in a vacuum,
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Ne možete vidjeti svijetlo. Kada je mrak, u vakumu,
07:29
if a person shines a beam of light straight across your eyes,
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ako osoba uperi zraku svijetlosti ravno preko vaših očiju,
07:32
you won't see it. Slightly technical, some physicists will disagree with this.
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nećete je vidjeti. Malo s tehničke strane, neki fizičari se ne slažu s ovime.
07:35
But it's odd that you can't see the beam of light,
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Ali je čudno da ne možete vidjeti zraku svijetlosti,
07:37
you can only see what it hits.
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samo možete vidjeti ono u što ona udari.
07:39
I find that extraordinary, not to be able to see light,
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Ja mislim kako je to nevjerojatno, da ne možemo vidjeti svijetlo,
07:41
not to be able to see darkness.
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da ne možemo vidjeti mrak.
07:43
Electricity, you can't see that.
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Električna energija, to ne možete vidjeti.
07:45
Don't let anyone tell you they understand electricity.
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Ne dopustita da vam itko kaže da razunije električnu energiju.
07:47
They don't. Nobody knows what it is.
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Ne razumiju. Nitko ne razumije što je to.
07:49
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
07:50
You probably think the electrons in an electric wire
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Vjerojatno mislite na elektrone u električnoj žici
07:52
move instantaneously down a wire, don't you, at the speed of light
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koji se kreću trenutno niz žicu, nije li tako, brzinom svijetlosti
07:55
when you turn the light on. They don't.
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kada upalite svijetlo. Nije tako.
07:57
Electrons bumble down the wire,
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Elektroni se kotrljaju niz žicu,
07:59
about the speed of spreading honey, they say.
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oko brzine tekućeg meda, tako kažu.
08:02
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
08:04
Galaxies, 100 billion of them estimated in the universe.
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Galaksije, njih 100 milijardi, tako je procijenjeno u svemiru.
08:07
100 billion. How many can we see? Five.
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100 milijardi. Koliko ih možemo vidjeti? Pet.
08:10
Five out of the 100 billion galaxies, with the naked eye,
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Pet, od 100 miljardi galaksija, s golim okom.
08:13
and one of them is quite difficult to see unless you've got very good eyesight.
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I jedna od njih se vrlo teško vidi osim ako nemate jako dobar vid.
08:17
Radio waves. There's another thing.
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Radijski valovi. Još jedna stvar.
08:19
Heinrich Hertz, when he discovered radio waves in 1887,
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Heinrich Herz, kada je otkrio radijske valove 1887.,
08:22
he called them radio waves because they radiated.
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nazvao ih je radio valovima zato što zrače.
08:24
And somebody said to him,
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I netko mu je rekao,
08:27
"Well what's the point of these, Heinrich?
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"Pa koji je smisao toga Heinrich?
08:29
What's the point of these radio waves that you've found?"
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Koji je smisao tih radio valova koje si otkrio?"
08:32
And he said, "Well, I've no idea.
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A on je rekao, "Pa, nemam pojma.
08:34
But I guess somebody will find a use for them someday."
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Ali pretpostavljam kako će netko naći neku korist od njih jednog dana."
08:37
And that's what they do, radio. That's what they discovered.
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I to je ono što su napravili, radio. To je ono što su otkrili.
08:41
Anyway, so the biggest thing
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Kakobilo, najveća stvar
08:44
that's invisible to us is what we don't know.
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koja je nama nevidljiva je ono što ne znamo.
08:46
It is incredible how little we know.
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Zapanjujuće je koliko malo zapravo znamo.
08:49
Thomas Edison once said,
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Thomas Edison je jednom rekao,
08:51
"We don't know one percent of one millionth
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"Ne znamo jedan posto od jednog promila
08:53
about anything."
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o ičemu."
08:55
And I've come to the conclusion --
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I ja sam došao do zaključka
08:58
because you've asked this other question, "What's another thing you can't see?"
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zato što ste pitali ovo drugo pitanje, "Što još ne možemo vidjeti?"
09:01
The point, most of us. What's the point?
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Svrhu, većina nas. Koja je svrha?
09:04
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
09:07
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
09:08
You can't see a point. It's by definition dimensionless,
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Ne možete vidjeti svrhu. Ona je po definiciji bez dimenzija,
09:11
like an electron, oddly enough.
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kao elektron, začudo.
09:14
But the point, what I've got it down to,
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Ali smisao, ono na što sam ga ja sveo,
09:17
is there are only two questions really worth asking.
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je da postoje samo dva pitanja koja vrijedi pitati.
09:19
"Why are we here?" and "What should we do about it while we are?
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"Zašto smo ovdje?" i "Što bi trebali činiti dok smo ovdje?"
09:24
And to help you, I've got two things to leave you with, from two great philosophers,
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I kako bi vam pomogao, imam dvije stvari s kojim vas ostavljam, od dva velika filozofa,
09:29
perhaps two of the greatest philosopher thinkers of the 20th century,
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možda i dva najveća filozofska mislioca 20. stoljeća.
09:32
one a mathematician and an engineer, and the other a poet.
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Jedan je matematićar i inžinjer, a drugi pjesnik.
09:35
The first is Ludwig Wittgenstein who said,
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Prvi je Ludwig Wittgenstein koji je rekao,
09:39
"I don't know why we are here.
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"Ne znam zašto smo ovdje.
09:41
But I'm pretty sure it's not in order to enjoy ourselves."
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Ali sam prilično siguran kako nije da bi se zabavljali."
09:44
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
09:50
He was a cheerful bastard wasn't he?
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Baš je bio veseo čovjek zar ne?
09:52
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
09:55
And secondly and lastly, W.H. Auden,
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I drugi i zadnji, W. H. Auden,
09:57
one of my favorite poets, who said,
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jedan od mojih omiljenih pjesnika, koji je rekao,
09:59
"We are here on earth
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"Mi smo na zemlji
10:02
to help others.
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da pomognemo drugima.
10:04
What the others are here for, I've no idea."
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Zašto su drugi ovdje, nemam pojma."
10:07
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
10:09
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
John Lloyd - ProducerJohn Lloyd helps make some of the cleverest television in the UK.
Why you should listen
John Lloyd seems to have known every brilliant and funny person in Britain, and his collaborations are legendary. He's been a fixture on the BBC for four decades, producing such classic comedies as Blackadder, Spitting Image, the BBC's Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy and lately QI (short for "Quite Interesting"), hosted by Stephen Fry (read his Reddit AMA about it).
Lloyd has also written more than a dozen funny books -- including The Meaning of Liff, a collaboration with his friend Douglas Adams, which has been in print for 26 years.
John Lloyd | Speaker | TED.com