TED2012
David Kelley: How to build your creative confidence
David Kelley: Bagaimana membangun kepercayaan diri kreatif Anda
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Apakah sekolah atau tempat kerja Anda terbagi menjadi "kreatif" dan "praktis?" Namun David Kelley mengatakan, kreativitas bukanlah milik sebagian kecil orang terpilih saja. Dia menceritakan kisah dari karir desainnya yang legendaris dan kehidupan pribadinya, dia menawarkan cara untuk membangun kepercayaan diri untuk menciptakan sesuatu... (Dari sesi Desain Studio di TED2012, dibantu oleh Chee Pearlman dan David Rockwell.)
David Kelley - Designer, educator
David Kelley’s company IDEO helped create many icons of the digital generation -- but what matters even more to him is unlocking the creative potential of people and organizations to innovate routinely. Full bio
David Kelley’s company IDEO helped create many icons of the digital generation -- but what matters even more to him is unlocking the creative potential of people and organizations to innovate routinely. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
I wanted to talk to you today
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Hari ini saya ingin berbicara
00:18
about creative confidence.
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tentang kepercayaan diri kreatif.
00:20
I'm going to start way back in the third grade
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Saya akan mulai dari kisah saat saya kelas 3 SD
00:23
at Oakdale School in Barberton, Ohio.
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di Sekolah Oakdale di Barberton, Ohio.
00:26
I remember one day my best friend Brian was working on a project.
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Saya ingat suatu hari sahabat saya Brian mengerjakan proyek.
00:31
He was making a horse out of the clay
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Dia membuat kuda dari tanah liat
00:34
that our teacher kept under the sink.
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yang ditaruh di bawah wastafel oleh guru kami.
00:36
And at one point, one of the girls who was sitting at his table,
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Dan suatu ketika, seorang siswi yang duduk di mejanya
00:40
seeing what he was doing,
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melihat apa yang dia lakukan,
00:42
leaned over and said to him,
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dia bersandar dan berkata,
00:44
"That's terrible. That doesn't look anything like a horse."
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"Jelek sekali. Sama sekali tidak terlihat seperti kuda."
00:47
And Brian's shoulders sank.
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Bahu Brian langsung terbenam.
00:51
And he wadded up the clay horse and he threw it back in the bin.
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Dia meremas kuda tanah liat itu dan melemparnya ke tempat sampah.
00:53
I never saw Brian do a project like that ever again.
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Saya tidak pernah melihat Brian mengerjakan proyek seperti itu lagi.
00:59
And I wonder how often that happens.
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Saya penasaran seberapa sering hal itu terjadi.
01:02
It seems like when I tell that story of Brian to my class,
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Tampaknya saat saya menceritakan kisah Brian ini pada siswa saya,
01:07
a lot of them want to come up after class
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banyak orang akan datang setelah kelas selesai
01:10
and tell me about their similar experience,
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dan mengatakan pengalaman mereka yang serupa,
01:12
how a teacher shut them down
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bagaimana ada guru mematikan rasa percaya diri mereka
01:14
or how a student was particularly cruel to them.
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atau bagaimana ada siswa yang sangat kejam pada mereka.
01:16
And some opt out thinking of themselves
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Beberapa memilih untuk menganggap diri mereka
01:19
as creative at that point.
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tidaklah kreatif sejak saat itu.
01:21
And I see that opting out that happens in childhood,
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Dan saya melihat pilihan yang diambil pada masa anak-anak,
01:26
and it moves in and becomes more ingrained,
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masuk dan menjadi semakin tertanam
01:28
even by the time you get to adult life.
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bahkan hingga Anda dewasa.
01:32
So we see a lot of this.
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Kita banyak melihat hal ini.
01:36
When we have a workshop
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Saat saya mengadakan lokakarya
01:39
or when we have clients in to work with us side-by-side,
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atau saat ada pelanggan yang bekerja berdampingan dengan kita
01:41
eventually we get to the point in the process
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pada akhirnya kita sampai pada saat
01:44
that's fuzzy or unconventional.
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yang tidak jelas atau tidak biasa.
01:46
And eventually these bigshot executives whip out their Blackberries
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Dan akhirnya para eksekutif besar itu mengeluarkan Blackberry mereka
01:51
and they say they have to make really important phone calls,
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dan berkata mereka harus menelepon karena ada hal penting,
01:54
and they head for the exits.
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dan mereka melangkah keluar.
01:55
And they're just so uncomfortable.
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Dan mereka menjadi begitu tidak nyaman.
01:58
When we track them down and ask them what's going on,
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Saat kami melacak mereka dan menanyakan apa yang terjadi,
02:00
they say something like, "I'm just not the creative type."
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mereka berkata, "Saya bukan orang yang kreatif."
02:04
But we know that's not true.
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Namun kita tahu itu tidak benar.
02:06
If they stick with the process, if they stick with it,
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Jika mereka tetap meneruskannya,
02:10
they end up doing amazing things
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pada akhirnya mereka akan melakukan hal yang hebat
02:12
and they surprise themselves just how innovative
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yang mengejutkan diri mereka sendiri
02:15
they and their teams really are.
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betapa inovatifnya mereka dan tim mereka.
02:16
So I've been looking at this fear of judgment that we have.
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Saya telah mempelajari ketakutan akan penilaian orang dalam diri kita.
02:23
That you don't do things, you're afraid you're going to be judged.
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Bahwa Anda tidak melakukan hal karena takut Anda akan dinilai buruk.
02:26
If you don't say the right creative thing, you're going to be judged.
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Jika Anda tidak mengatakan hal kreatif yang tepat, Anda akan dinilai buruk.
02:30
And I had a major breakthrough
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Saya mendapat terobosan besar
02:33
when I met the psychologist Albert Bandura.
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saat bertemu dengan psikolog Albert Bandura,
02:36
I don't know if you know Albert Bandura.
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saya tidak tahu apa Anda kenal Albert Bandura.
02:39
But if you go to Wikipedia,
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Jika anda mencari di Wikipedia,
02:40
it says that he's the fourth most important psychologist in history --
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dikatakan dialah psikolog terpenting nomor 4 dalam sejarah --
02:44
like Freud, Skinner, somebody and Bandura.
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seperti Freud, Skinner, entah siapa, dan Bandura.
02:49
Bandura's 86 and he still works at Stanford.
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Bandura berusia 86 tahun dan masih bekerja di Stanford.
02:53
And he's just a lovely guy.
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Dia pria yang sangat menyenangkan.
02:55
And so I went to see him
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Saya menemuinya
02:57
because he has just worked on phobias for a long time,
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karena dia sudah lama bekerja pada fobia,
03:01
which I'm very interested in.
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bidang yang bagi saya menarik.
03:03
He had developed this way, this kind of methodology,
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Dia telah mengembangkan cara, metodologi,
03:09
that ended up curing people in a very short amount of time.
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yang akhirnya dapat menyembuhkan orang dalam waktu singkat.
03:13
In four hours he had a huge cure rate of people who had phobias.
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Dia banyak menyembuhkan orang dengan fobia dalam 4 jam.
03:18
And we talked about snakes. I don't know why we talked about snakes.
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Kita berbicara tentang ular.
03:20
We talked about snakes and fear of snakes as a phobia.
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namun kita berbicara tentang ular dan fobia akan ular.
03:24
And it was really enjoyable, really interesting.
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Dan hal itu sangat menyenangkan, sangat menarik.
03:28
He told me that he'd invite the test subject in,
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Dia mengatakan bahwa dia mengundang orang itu
03:34
and he'd say, "You know, there's a snake in the next room
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dan berkata, "Anda tahu, ada ular di ruangan sebelah
03:36
and we're going to go in there."
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dan kita akan pergi ke sana."
03:38
To which, he reported, most of them replied,
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Di mana dia melaporkan, sebagian besar menjawab,
03:42
"Hell no, I'm not going in there,
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"Tidak. Sudah pasti saya tidak akan ke sana
03:43
certainly if there's a snake in there."
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kalau ada ular di sana."
03:46
But Bandura has a step-by-step process that was super successful.
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Namun Bandura memiliki langkah-langkah yang sangat sukses.
03:51
So he'd take people to this two-way mirror
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Dia mengajak orang-orang ini menuju cermin dua arah
03:54
looking into the room where the snake was,
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untuk melihat ruangan di mana ular itu berada,
03:56
and he'd get them comfortable with that.
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dan dia membuat orang-orang itu merasa nyaman.
03:58
And then through a series of steps,
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Lalu dengan beberapa langkah,
04:00
he'd move them and they'd be standing in the doorway with the door open
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mereka pindah dan mereka berdiri di jalan dengan pintu terbuka
04:03
and they'd be looking in there.
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dan mereka melihat ke dalam.
04:05
And he'd get them comfortable with that.
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Dan dia membuat orang-orang itu merasa nyaman.
04:07
And then many more steps later, baby steps,
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Lalu beberapa langkah kecil berikutnya,
04:10
they'd be in the room, they'd have a leather glove like a welder's glove on,
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mereka ada di dalam ruangan itu dengan sarung tangan kulit seperti milik tukang las,
04:13
and they'd eventually touch the snake.
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dan akhirnya mereka menyentuh ular itu.
04:17
And when they touched the snake everything was fine. They were cured.
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Saat mereka menyentuh ular itu,
04:22
In fact, everything was better than fine.
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sebenarnya, semuanya lebih baik lagi.
04:25
These people who had life-long fears of snakes
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Orang-orang ini yang seumur hidupnya takut pada ular
04:28
were saying things like,
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mengatakan hal-hal seperti,
04:30
"Look how beautiful that snake is."
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"Betapa cantiknya ular itu."
04:33
And they were holding it in their laps.
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Dan mereka memeluknya di pangkuan mereka.
04:36
Bandura calls this process "guided mastery."
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Bandura menyebut proses ini, "penguasaan yang dipandu."
04:41
I love that term: guided mastery.
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Saya suka kutipan itu: penguasaan yang dipandu.
04:44
And something else happened,
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Dan ada hal lain yang terjadi,
04:46
these people who went through the process and touched the snake
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orang-orang yang mengikuti proses ini dan menyentuh ular itu
04:50
ended up having less anxiety about other things in their lives.
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akhirnya menjadi kurang takut akan hal-hal lainnya dalam hidup mereka.
04:53
They tried harder, they persevered longer,
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Mereka mencoba lebih keras dan lebih tekun
04:57
and they were more resilient in the face of failure.
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dan mereka lebih tabah dalam menghadapi kegagalan.
04:59
They just gained a new confidence.
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Mereka mendapat kepercayaan diri yang baru.
05:03
And Bandura calls that confidence self-efficacy --
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Dan Bandura menyebutnya "kepercayaan akan kemahiran diri sendiri" --
05:09
the sense that you can change the world
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perasaan bahwa Anda dapat mengubah dunia
05:12
and that you can attain what you set out to do.
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dan dapat meraih apa yang Anda harus lakukan.
05:16
Well meeting Bandura was really cathartic for me
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Pertemuan dengan Bandura benar-benar membebaskan saya
05:19
because I realized that this famous scientist
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karena saya menyadari ilmuwan terkenal ini
05:23
had documented and scientifically validated
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telah mendokumentasikan dan mengesahkan secara ilmiah
05:25
something that we've seen happen for the last 30 years.
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sesuatu yang kita lihat bersama selama 30 tahun terakhir.
05:29
That we could take people who had the fear that they weren't creative,
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Bahwa kita dapat mengajak orang yang takut dirinya tidak kreatif
05:33
and we could take them through a series of steps,
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dan membawa mereka melalui serangkaian langkah,
05:36
kind of like a series of small successes,
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semacam rangkaian kesuksesan kecil,
05:40
and they turn fear into familiarity, and they surprise themselves.
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dan mereka mengubah ketakutan menjadi keakraban, lalu mengejutkan diri mereka sendiri.
05:45
That transformation is amazing.
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Perubahan ini sungguh luar biasa.
05:46
We see it at the d.school all the time.
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Kita melihatnya di d.school setiap saat.
05:49
People from all different kinds of disciplines,
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Orang-orang dari berbagai disiplin ilmu,
05:51
they think of themselves as only analytical.
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mereka berpikir diri mereka hanyalah analitis.
05:54
And they come in and they go through the process, our process,
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Mereka datang dan menjalani proses ini, proses kami,
05:58
they build confidence and now they think of themselves differently.
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mereka membangun kepercayaan diri dan kini mereka melihat diri mereka secara berbeda.
06:01
And they're totally emotionally excited
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Mereka benar-benar puas secara emosional
06:05
about the fact that they walk around
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akan kenyataan dan anggapan
06:07
thinking of themselves as a creative person.
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bahwa diri mereka adalah orang yang kreatif.
06:09
So I thought one of the things I'd do today
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Jadi, saya pikir salah satu yang akan saya lakukan hari ini
06:12
is take you through and show you what this journey looks like.
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adalah membawa Anda dan menunjukkan seperti apa perjalanan ini.
06:16
To me, that journey looks like Doug Dietz.
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Bagi saya, perjalanan ini seperti Doug Dietz.
06:20
Doug Dietz is a technical person.
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Doug Dietz adalah teknisi.
06:25
He designs medical imaging equipment,
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Dia merancang alat pemindaian medis,
06:27
large medical imaging equipment.
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alat pemindaian medis yang besar.
06:29
He's worked for GE, and he's had a fantastic career.
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Dia bekerja di GE dan memiliki karir yang hebat.
06:33
But at one point he had a moment of crisis.
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Namun pada suatu ketika dia menghadapi krisis.
06:36
He was in the hospital looking at one of his MRI machines in use
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Dia berada di rumah sakit dan melihat salah satu mesin MRInya digunakan
06:40
when he saw a young family.
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saat dia melihat keluarga muda.
06:42
There was a little girl,
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Ada seorang gadis kecil,
06:43
and that little girl was crying and was terrified.
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yang menangis dan takut.
06:47
And Doug was really disappointed to learn
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Dan Doug sangat kecewa saat mengetahui
06:50
that nearly 80 percent of the pediatric patients in this hospital
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bahwa hampir 80 persen pasien anak-anak di rumah sakit ini
06:54
had to be sedated in order to deal with his MRI machine.
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harus dibius untuk dimasukkan ke dalam mesin MRInya.
06:58
And this was really disappointing to Doug,
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Hal ini sangat mengecewakan bagi Doug,
07:01
because before this time he was proud of what he did.
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karena sebelumnya dia merasa bangga akan apa yang telah dia lakukan.
07:05
He was saving lives with this machine.
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Dia menyelamatkan banyak nyawa dengan mesin ini.
07:07
But it really hurt him to see the fear
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Namun benar-benar menyakitkan baginya melihat
07:10
that this machine caused in kids.
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anak-anak yang ketakutan karena mesin ini.
07:12
About that time he was at the d.school at Stanford taking classes.
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Saat itu dia sedang kuliah di d.school di Stanford.
07:17
He was learning about our process
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Dia belajar tentang proses kami
07:18
about design thinking, about empathy,
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tentang perancangan berpikir, empati,
07:21
about iterative prototyping.
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dan prototip iteratif.
07:24
And he would take this new knowledge
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Dan dia ingin mengambil pengetahuan baru ini
07:25
and do something quite extraordinary.
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dan melakukan sesuatu yang cukup luar biasa.
07:28
He would redesign the entire experience of being scanned.
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Dia akan merancang ulang seluruh pengalaman dari pemindaian.
07:33
And this is what he came up with.
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Dan inilah yang dia buat.
07:35
He turned it into an adventure for the kids.
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Dia mengubahnya menjadi petualangan bagi anak-anak.
07:38
He painted the walls and he painted the machine,
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Dia menggambar dinding dan mesinnya,
07:41
and he got the operators retrained by people who know kids,
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dan dia meminta para operatornya dilatih oleh orang yang paham akan anak-anak
07:44
like children's museum people.
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seperti orang-orang di museum anak-anak.
07:46
And now when the kid comes, it's an experience.
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Kini saat anak-anak itu datang, ini menjadi sebuah pengalaman.
07:50
And they talk to them about the noise and the movement of the ship.
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Mereka mengatakan tentang kebisingan dan gerakan kapal.
07:54
And when they come, they say,
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Dan saat anak-anak datang, mereka berkata,
07:55
"Okay, you're going to go into the pirate ship,
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"Baiklah, kau akan naik ke kapal bajak laut
07:58
but be very still because we don't want the pirates to find you."
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namun diamlah karena kita tidak mau kau ditemukan oleh bajak laut."
08:00
And the results were super dramatic.
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Dan hasilnya sangat luar biasa.
08:05
So from something like 80 percent of the kids needing to be sedated,
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Dari 80 persen anak-anak yang harus dibius,
08:09
to something like 10 percent of the kids needing to be sedated.
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menjadi sekitar 10 persen yang masih harus dibius.
08:14
And the hospital and GE were happy too.
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Rumah sakit dan GE juga gembira.
08:16
Because you didn't have to call the anesthesiologist all the time,
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Karena Anda tidak harus memanggil ahli bius setiap saat,
08:19
they could put more kids through the machine in a day.
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ada lebih banyak anak yang bisa masuk ke mesin itu setiap harinya.
08:20
So the quantitative results were great.
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Jadi hasil kuantitatifnya bagus.
08:23
But Doug's results that he cared about were much more qualitative.
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Namun hasil kerja Doug yang paling dia pedulikan jauh lebih bersifat kualitatif.
08:27
He was with one of the mothers
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Dia bersama salah satu para ibu
08:30
waiting for her child to come out of the scan.
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yang menunggui anaknya yang sedang dipindai.
08:32
And when the little girl came out of her scan,
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Dan saat si gadis kecil itu keluar
08:34
she ran up to her mother and said,
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dia berlari ke ibunya dan berkata,
08:36
"Mommy, can we come back tomorrow?"
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"Ibu, bisa kita kembali lagi besok?"
08:38
(Laughter)
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(Tawa)
08:41
And so I've heard Doug tell the story many times,
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Saya mendengar Doug bercerita tentang perubahan pribadinya
08:44
of his personal transformation
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berkali-kali
08:47
and the breakthrough design that happened from it,
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dan terobosan dari rancangan sebagai hasil dari hal itu,
08:51
but I've never really seen him tell the story of the little girl
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namun saya tidak pernah melihatnya bercerita tentang gadis kecil itu
08:53
without a tear in his eye.
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tanpa mengeluarkan air mata.
08:55
Doug's story takes place in a hospital.
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Kisah Doug terjadi di rumah sakit.
08:57
I know a thing or two about hospitals.
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Saya tahu beberapa hal mengenai rumah sakit.
09:00
A few years ago I felt a lump on the side of my neck,
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Beberapa tahun lalu saya merasakan benjolan di pinggir leher saya
09:05
and it was my turn in the MRI machine.
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dan itulah giliran saya menggunakan mesin MRI.
09:09
It was cancer. It was the bad kind.
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Ternyata itu adalah kanker yang jahat.
09:12
I was told I had a 40 percent chance of survival.
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Saya diberitahu peluang untuk bertahan hidupnya 40 persen.
09:16
So while you're sitting around with the other patients in your pajamas
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Saat Anda duduk dengan para pasien lainnya dengan memakai piyama
09:20
and everybody's pale and thin
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dan semua orang tampak kurus dan pucat,
09:22
and you're waiting for your turn to get the gamma rays,
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dan Anda menunggu giliran untuk rontgen,
09:26
you think of a lot of things.
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Anda berpikir tentang banyak hal.
09:28
Mostly you think about, Am I going to survive?
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Pikiran yang paling banyak adalah, "Apakah saya akan sembuh?"
09:30
And I thought a lot about,
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Dan saya banyak berpikir tentang
09:33
What was my daughter's life going to be like without me?
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bagaimana kehidupan putri saya kelak tanpa saya?
09:36
But you think about other things.
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Namun Anda juga berpikir tentang hal-hal lainnya.
09:39
I thought a lot about, What was I put on Earth to do?
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Saya banyak berpikir tentang, apa yang harus saya lakukan bagi dunia?
09:43
What was my calling? What should I do?
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Apa panggilan saya? Apa yang harus saya lakukan?
09:46
And I was lucky because I had lots of options.
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Dan saya beruntung karena memiliki banyak pilihan.
09:48
We'd been working in health and wellness,
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Kami telah bekerja dalam kesehatan dan kebugaran
09:50
and K through 12, and the Developing World.
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pendidikan dari TK hingga SMA, dan di negara berkembang.
09:53
And so there were lots of projects that I could work on.
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Jadi ada banyak proyek yang dapat saya kerjakan.
09:55
But I decided and I committed to at this point
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Namun saat ini saya memutuskan untuk berkomitmen
09:58
to the thing I most wanted to do --
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pada hal yang paling ingin saya lakukan --
09:59
was to help as many people as possible
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yaitu menolong orang sebanyak mungkin,
10:05
regain the creative confidence they lost along their way.
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mendapat kembali kepercayaan diri kreatif mereka yang hilang di jalan.
10:08
And if I was going to survive, that's what I wanted to do.
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Dan jika saya bisa sembuh, itulah yang ingin saya lakukan.
10:11
I survived, just so you know.
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Sebagai informasi, saya sembuh.
10:13
(Laughter)
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(Tawa)
10:16
(Applause)
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(Tepuk tangan)
10:21
I really believe
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Saya sungguh percaya
10:23
that when people gain this confidence --
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bahwa saat orang mendapatkan kepercayaan diri --
10:26
and we see it all the time at the d.school and at IDEO --
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dan kami melihatnya setiap saat di d.school dan IDEO --
10:28
they actually start working on the things that are really important in their lives.
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mereka mulai bekerja pada hal-hal yang sangat penting dalam hidup mereka.
10:34
We see people quit what they're doing and go in new directions.
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Kami melihat orang-orang berhenti melakukan sesuatu dan menuju ke arah yang baru.
10:37
We see them come up with more interesting, and just more, ideas
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Kami melihat mereka menemukan ide yang lebih menarik dan lebih banyak
10:44
so they can choose from better ideas.
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sehingga mereka dapat memilih ide yang lebih baik.
10:47
And they just make better decisions.
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Dan mereka membuat keputusan yang lebih baik.
10:49
So I know at TED you're supposed to have a change-the-world kind of thing.
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Saya tahu di TED Anda harus memiliki hal yang mengubah dunia.
10:53
Everybody has a change-the-world thing.
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Setiap orang memiliki hal yang mengubah dunia.
10:55
If there is one for me, this is it. To help this happen.
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Jika saya memiliki satu, inilah dia. Untuk membantu hal ini terjadi.
10:59
So I hope you'll join me on my quest --
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Jadi saya harap Anda bergabung dalam perjalanan saya --
11:01
you as thought leaders.
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Anda sebagai pemimpin pikiran.
11:03
It would be really great if you didn't let people divide the world
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Sangat luar biasa jika Anda tidak membiarkan orang-orang membagi dunia
11:08
into the creatives and the non-creatives, like it's some God-given thing,
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antara Yang Kreatif dan Yang Tidak Kreatif, seakan itu anugerah Tuhan,
11:11
and to have people realize that they're naturally creative.
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dan membuat orang-orang menyadari bahwa mereka pada dasarnya kreatif.
11:16
And those natural people should let their ideas fly.
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Dan orang-orang ini harus membiarkan ide mereka melambung.
11:20
That they should achieve what Bandura calls self-efficacy,
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Mereka harus meraih apa yang disebut Bandara kemahiran diri sendiri.
11:25
that you can do what you set out to do,
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bahwa Anda dapat melakukan apa yang harus Anda lakukan,
11:28
and that you can reach a place of creative confidence
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dan Anda dapat mencapai kepercayaan diri kreatif
11:32
and touch the snake.
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dan menyentuh ular itu.
11:33
Thank you.
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Terima kasih.
11:35
(Applause)
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(Tepuk tangan)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
David Kelley - Designer, educatorDavid Kelley’s company IDEO helped create many icons of the digital generation -- but what matters even more to him is unlocking the creative potential of people and organizations to innovate routinely.
Why you should listen
As founder of legendary design firm IDEO, David Kelley built the company that created many icons of the digital generation -- the first mouse, the first Treo, the thumbs up/thumbs down button on your Tivo's remote control, to name a few. But what matters even more to him is unlocking the creative potential of people and organizations so they can innovate routinely.
David Kelley's most enduring contributions to the field of design are a methodology and culture of innovation. More recently, he led the creation of the groundbreaking d.school at Stanford, the Hasso Plattner Institute of Design, where students from the business, engineering, medicine, law, and other diverse disciplines develop the capacity to solve complex problems collaboratively and creatively.
Kelley was working (unhappily) as an electrical engineer when he heard about Stanford's cross-disciplinary Joint Program in Design, which merged engineering and art. What he learned there -- a human-centered, team-based approach to tackling sticky problems through design -- propelled his professional life as a "design thinker."
In 1978, he co-founded the design firm that ultimately became IDEO, now emulated worldwide for its innovative, user-centered approach to design. IDEO works with a range of clients -- from food and beverage conglomerates to high tech startups, hospitals to universities, and today even governments -- conceiving breakthrough innovations ranging from a life-saving portable defibrillator to a new kind of residence for wounded warriors, and helping organizations build their own innovation culture.
Today, David serves as chair of IDEO and is the Donald W. Whittier Professor at Stanford, where he has taught for more than 25 years. Preparing the design thinkers of tomorrow earned David the Sir Misha Black Medal for his “distinguished contribution to design education.” He has also won the Edison Achievement Award for Innovation, as well as the Chrysler Design Award and National Design Award in Product Design from the Smithsonian’s Cooper-Hewitt National Design Museum, and he is a member of the National Academy of Engineers.
David Kelley | Speaker | TED.com