Tony Wyss-Coray: How young blood might help reverse aging. Yes, really
トニー・ウィス=コレイ: 若い血液で若返る方法 — まさに文字通り
At his lab at Stanford School of Medicine, Tony Wyss-Coray studies aging -- and potential cures for it. Full bio
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from Lucas Cranach the Elder.
ルーカス・クラナッハ (父) の絵です
you will get health and youth.
健康になり若くなるというものです
has dreamed of finding eternal youth.
永遠なる若さを求めて夢見てきました
or Ponce De León, the explorer,
探検家のポンセ・デ・レオンは
chasing the Fountain of Youth.
to this Fountain of Youth?
何かが隠されているのでは?
development in aging research
驚くべき発展をお話しします
the way we think about aging
diseases in the future.
革命的貢献をするでしょう
of studies about growing,
that share a blood supply with young mice
注入された老齢マウスは若返る
in humans, in Siamese twins,
見られる事に似ていますが
researcher, reported in 2007,
can be rejuvenated
血液循環系を共有すると
through common circulation.
という研究発表をし その数年後
at Harvard a few years later,
この再現実験に成功しました
rejuvenating effects could be observed
と報告していますが
and several other labs as well,
最も関心を持っている事は
というその可能性です
exposed to a young environment
並体結合と呼ばれる技術で
through shared circulation
老齢マウスは若い血液を得て
younger in its brain.
of human cognition,
verbal ability and so forth.
見る事ができます
these functions are all intact,
これらの機能損傷は見られません
here in the room, we're all still fine.
私たちはまだ大丈夫みたいですが
how all these curves go south.
見るのは怖いですね
and others may develop.
起きる事があります
the connections between neurons --
ニューロン同士を繋げる
the synapses -- they start to deteriorate;
ニューロン間の通信が悪くなり
脳の萎縮へと進みます
for these neurodegenerative diseases.
罹り易くなる事は分かっていますが
to understand how this really works
分子、機能レベルで
in detail, in living people.
詳しく脳内を見る事ができない事です
we can do imaging --
脳画像を撮ったり
until the person dies
changed through age or in a disease.
その人の死を待つしかないのです
do, for example.
as being part of the larger organism.
at the molecular level
as part of the entire body?
理解できるのではないでしょうか?
does that affect the brain?
脳に影響を与えるのでしょうか?
does that influence the rest of the body?
体の他の部分に影響するのでしょうか?
tissues in the body
cells that transport oxygen, for example,
that transport information
from one tissue to another,
因子をも運搬します
changes in disease or age,
the blood changes as well,
change as we get older.
factors that we know are required
for the maintenance of tissues --
in injury and in inflammation --
and bad factors, if you will.
崩れて来るとも言えます
potentially with that,
an experiment that we did.
from healthy human beings
of these communication factors,
transport information between tissues.
and the oldest group,
changed significantly.
分かったのです
different environment as we get older,
ヒトの生体環境は
or bioinformatics programs,
生物情報学のプログラムを用い
those factors that best predict age --
可能にしてくれる そんな因子を
the relative age of a person.
is shown in this graph.
このグラフで分かります
the actual age a person lived,
that I showed you,
their biological age.
there is a pretty good correlation,
実年齢にとても近いのです
the relative age of a person.
are the outliers,
そのはずれ値なんです
I highlighted with the green dot
if what we're doing here is really true,
この人の生物学的年齢は
looks much younger than their age?
ずっと若く見えるのでしょうか?
who is maybe at a reduced risk
加齢に伴う病気に罹るリスクが低く
and will have a long life --
highlighted with the red dot,
but has a biological age of 65.
生物学的年齢は65才です
of developing an age-related disease?
リスクが高いのでしょうか?
to understand these factors better,
因子の研究を更に進めています
are trying to understand,
to possibly predict age-related diseases?
加齢による病の予測ができるでしょうか?
is simply correlational, right?
"Well, these factors change with age,"
と言えるだけで
if they do something about aging.
これからは良く分かりません
is very remarkable
画期的な研究結果で
can actually modulate the age of a tissue.
調節できることを示唆しています
to this model called parabiosis.
the two mice together,
to a shared blood system,
"How does the old brain get influenced
どうして老いたマウスの脳に影響するの?」
of 20-year-old people,
65 years old in human years.
that make new neurons
activity of the synapses,
that are known to be involved
entering the brains of these animals.
観察されていません
going into the old brain, in this model.
細胞が混入していないので
that it must be the soluble factors,
fraction of blood which is called plasma,
or old plasma into these mice,
マウスに注入して調べ
these rejuvenating effects,
they have memory problems.
加齢に伴い記憶障害が起きます
how we do that.
one step further,
being relevant to humans.
are unpublished studies,
young human plasma,
コントロールに生理食塩水を使い
rejuvenate these old mice?
若返らせ マウスの学習能力を
It's called a Barnes maze.
と呼ばれるテストをしました
that has lots of holes in it,
周りにつけてあり
as on this stage here.
まぶしい光が照らされています
pointed at with an arrow,
and feel comfortable in a dark hole.
安心できる様になっています
on these cues in the space,
その穴を捜す学習をさせます
after a busy day of shopping.
自分の車を捜すようなものです
some problems with that.
たぶん多い事でしょう
that has memory problems,
but it didn't form this spacial map
最後に学習した場所を
in the previous trial or the last day.
場所の地理的把握ができていません
is a sibling of the same age,
この同じ歳の兄弟は
human plasma for three weeks,
looks around, "Where am I?" --
とでも言うかの様に見回すと
to that hole and escapes.
seems to be rejuvenated --
that there is something
but in young human plasma
若いヒトの血漿にも
to help this old brain.
あるという事です
in particular, are malleable.
手の施しようがないのではなく
we can actually change them.
という事が分かりました
suffers from exposure to the old.
老齢マウスとは逆の影響を受け
that can accelerate aging.
若齢マウスの老化を加速化させます
humans may have similar factors,
同じような因子がある可能性です
blood and have a similar effect.
同じような効果があるのですから
does not have this effect;
clinical study at Stanford,
小さな臨床研究をやっています
with mild disease
from young volunteers, 20-year-olds,
治療を試みています
at their brains with imaging.
for daily activities of living.
患者の日常生活について訊ねます
some signs of improvement
that could give us hope
is actually within us,
という事かもしれません
back on a little bit,
that are mediating these effects,
貸してくれる因子を捜し出し
such as Alzheimer's disease
加齢に伴う病気を
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Tony Wyss-Coray - Brain scientistAt his lab at Stanford School of Medicine, Tony Wyss-Coray studies aging -- and potential cures for it.
Why you should listen
Professor of neurology at Stanford, Tony Wyss-Coray oversees an eponymous lab which studies immune and injury responses in aging and neurodegeneration.
Wyss-Coray initially studied at the Institute of Clinical Immunology at the University of Bern in Switzerland, but he now lives and works in California. At Stanford since 2002, he's also a health scientist at the Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System. Deeply interested in figuring out ways to combat diseases such as Alzheimer's, he serves on the scientific advisory board for the Alzheimer Research Consortium and on the international advisory board for Advances in Clinical and Experimental Medicine. In 2013, he was given a Transformative Research Award by the director of the National Institutes of Health.
Tony Wyss-Coray | Speaker | TED.com