TED2016
Tshering Tobgay: This country isn't just carbon neutral -- it's carbon negative
छेरिङ् तोग्बे: यो मुलुक कार्वन सन्तुलन गर्ने मात्र होइन - यो त कार्वन ऋणात्मक पो हो त
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हिमालयको भित्री तहमा, चीन र भारतको साँधमा, कार्वन कम गर्ने अभियानमा प्रतिबद्ध राजतन्त्रात्मक देश भूटान अवस्थित छ । यस ज्ञानवर्धक प्रस्तुतिमा भूटानका प्रधानमन्त्री छेरिङ् तोग्बेले आर्थिक वृद्धिभन्दा जनतामा खुशीको वृद्धि, वातावरण संरक्षणमा विश्व मानदण्ड अनि आफ्नो देशको अभियान आदि विषयमा स्पष्ट धारणा राखेका छन् ।
Tshering Tobgay - Prime Minister of Bhutan
Acting on his mandate to move Bhutan into the 21st century, Prime Minister Tshering Tobgay is transforming his nation -- while maintaining its “Gross National Happiness.” Full bio
Acting on his mandate to move Bhutan into the 21st century, Prime Minister Tshering Tobgay is transforming his nation -- while maintaining its “Gross National Happiness.” Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:13
In case you are wondering,
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तपाईहरू कतैअचम्म मानिरहनुभएको त छैन
00:15
no, I'm not wearing a dress,
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हँ, मैले लुगा नै लाएको छैन कि भनेर
00:18
and no, I'm not saying
what I'm wearing underneath.
what I'm wearing underneath.
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हैन, घुँडामुनिको कुरा गरेको होइन
00:22
(Laughter)
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(हाँसो)
00:25
This is a gho.
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यो 'घो' (बख्खू) हो
00:27
This is my national dress.
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यो हाम्रो राष्ट्रिय पोशाक हो
00:30
This is how all men dress in Bhutan.
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भूटानका सबै मानिसहरू यसैगरि नै सजिन्छन्
00:34
That is how our women dress.
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अनि हाम्रा महिलावर्ग चाहिँ यसरि
00:38
Like our women,
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महिलाहरूजस्तै
00:40
we men get to wear pretty bright colors,
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हामी पुरुषहरू पनि चम्किलो रंगको लुगा
नै मन पराउँछौं
नै मन पराउँछौं
00:44
but unlike our women,
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तर हामी भने उनीहरूले जस्तो नछोपेर
00:47
we get to show off our legs.
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आफ्नो पिंडौला देखाउँछौं
00:48
(Laughter)
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(हाँसो)
00:50
Our national dress is unique,
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हाम्रो राष्ट्रियपोशाक भिन्न छ
00:52
but this is not the only thing
that's unique about my country.
that's unique about my country.
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मेरो देशको भिन्नता यो
एउटा मात्रै कुरामा होइन
एउटा मात्रै कुरामा होइन
00:56
Our promise to remain
carbon neutral is also unique,
carbon neutral is also unique,
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कार्वनमुक्त रहने कुराको प्रतिबद्धतामा
पनि हामी भिन्न छौं
पनि हामी भिन्न छौं
00:59
and this is what I'd like
to speak about today,
to speak about today,
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आज म यसबारे नै बोल्न लागिरहेको छु
01:01
our promise to remain carbon neutral.
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कार्वनमुक्त रहने कुरामा हाम्रो प्रतिबद्धता
01:04
But before I proceed,
I should set you the context.
I should set you the context.
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कुरा शुरुगर्नु अगाडि अलिकति प्रसङ्ग जोडौं
01:08
I should tell you our story.
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हाम्रो अवस्थितिको जानकारी दिऊँ
01:11
Bhutan is a small country
in the Himalayas.
in the Himalayas.
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हिमालयको काखमा सानो देश भूटान छ
01:16
We've been called Shangri-La,
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हामीलाई शाङ्ग्रिला पनि भनिन्छ
01:18
even the last Shangri-La.
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शाङ्ग्रिलामध्येको पनि शाङ्ग्रिला
01:21
But let me tell you right off the bat,
we are not Shangri-La.
we are not Shangri-La.
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तर म तपाईंलाई सही कुरा बताऊ
हामी शाङ्ग्रिला होइनौं
हामी शाङ्ग्रिला होइनौं
01:24
My country is not one big monastery
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मेरो देश एउटा ठूलो विहार होइन
01:27
populated with happy monks.
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सुखी भिक्षुहरूले भरिभराउ भएको
01:28
(Laughter)
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(हाँसोको लहर)
01:30
The reality is that
there are barely 700,000 of us
there are barely 700,000 of us
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यथार्थ यो हो कि, हामी ७००,००० जना
मात्र छौं
मात्र छौं
01:36
sandwiched between two
of the most populated countries on earth,
of the most populated countries on earth,
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विशालतम जनसंख्या भएका संसारका
दुई देशबीचको बीचमा रहेका स्याण्डविचजस्ता
दुई देशबीचको बीचमा रहेका स्याण्डविचजस्ता
01:41
China and India.
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चीन र भारत
01:44
The reality is that we are a small,
underdeveloped country
underdeveloped country
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यथार्थ यो हो कि, हामी धेरै साना
अनि अल्पविकसित पनि छौं
अनि अल्पविकसित पनि छौं
01:48
doing our best to survive.
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सकेसम्म राम्रो गरेर गुजारा चलाइराखेका
01:51
But we are doing OK. We are surviving.
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हामीले बेसै गरेका छौं र हाम्रो गुजारा
पनि चलिरहेको छ
पनि चलिरहेको छ
01:55
In fact, we are thriving,
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वास्तवमा हामी सम्पन्न छौं
01:58
and the reason we are thriving
is because we've been blessed
is because we've been blessed
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हामी सम्पन्न हुनुको खास कारण हामी
आशीर्वाद प्राप्त छौं
आशीर्वाद प्राप्त छौं
02:02
with extraordinary kings.
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हाम्रा अद्वितीय राजाहरूबाट
02:05
Our enlightened monarchs
have worked tirelessly
have worked tirelessly
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हाम्रा प्रबुद्ध भूपतिहरू अथक रूपमा
काम गरिरहेछन्
काम गरिरहेछन्
02:08
to develop our country,
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हाम्रो देशको विकासको लागि
02:10
balancing economic growth carefully
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आर्थिक विकासलाई जतनसँग सन्तुलनमा राख्दै
02:13
with social development,
environmental sustainability
environmental sustainability
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साथै सामाजिक उन्नति, वातावरणको निरन्तरता
02:16
and cultural preservation,
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अनि संस्कृतिको संरक्षण
02:18
all within the framework
of good governance.
of good governance.
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सबै नै सुशासनको संरक्षणभित्र
02:22
We call this holistic approach
to development
to development
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हामी यसलाई विकासप्रतिको
सर्वाङ्गीण दृष्टिकोण भन्छौं
सर्वाङ्गीण दृष्टिकोण भन्छौं
02:25
"Gross National Happiness," or GNH.
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कूल राष्ट्रिय खुशी वा 'कूराखु'
02:29
Back in the 1970s,
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पहिले १९७० तिर
02:31
our fourth king famously
pronounced that for Bhutan,
pronounced that for Bhutan,
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हाम्रा चौथा राजाबाट भूटानको लागि
घोषणा भयो कि
घोषणा भयो कि
02:35
Gross National Happiness is more important
than Gross National Product.
than Gross National Product.
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कूल राष्ट्रिय उत्पादनभन्दा कूल राष्ट्रिय
खुशी बढी महत्वपूर्ण छ
खुशी बढी महत्वपूर्ण छ
02:39
(Applause)
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(करतलध्वनि)
02:44
Ever since,
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त्यसै समयदेखि
02:46
all development in Bhutan
is driven by GNH,
is driven by GNH,
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भूटानका सबै विकासहरू 'कूराखु'
प्रेरित छन्
प्रेरित छन्
02:51
a pioneering vision
that aims to improve the happiness
that aims to improve the happiness
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खुशीलाई बढावा दिन खोज्ने अग्रगामी दृष्टि
02:55
and well-being of our people.
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अनि हाम्रा जनताको भलो कल्याण
02:58
But that's easier said than done,
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तर यो गर्नभन्दा भन्न सजिलो छ
03:00
especially when you are one
of the smallest economies in the world.
of the smallest economies in the world.
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जव यो आफै संसारको सबैभन्दा
सानो अर्थव्यवस्था छ
सानो अर्थव्यवस्था छ
03:05
Our entire GDP is less
than two billion dollars.
than two billion dollars.
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हाम्रो कूल राष्ट्रिय आय २ अरब डलरभन्दा
कम छ
कम छ
03:09
I know that some of you here
are worth more --
are worth more --
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था छ तपाइमध्ये कति त्यो
भन्दा बढीको मालिक हुनुहुन्छ
भन्दा बढीको मालिक हुनुहुन्छ
03:12
(Laughter)
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(हाँसो)
03:13
individually
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व्यक्तिगत हिसाबले नै
03:15
than the entire economy of my country.
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मेरो देशको सम्पूर्ण सम्पत्तिभन्दा बढी
03:20
So our economy is small,
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हाम्रो अर्थव्यवस्था सानो छ
03:22
but here is where it gets interesting.
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तै पनि गाँठी कुरो यो छ
03:26
Education is completely free.
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सम्पूर्ण शिक्षा निःशुल्क छ
03:28
All citizens are guaranteed
free school education,
free school education,
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निः शुल्क स्कूल शिक्षा अनिवार्य गरिएको छ
03:31
and those that work hard
are given free college education.
are given free college education.
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मिहिनेतसँग पढाइ गर्न सक्नेलाई
निःशुल्क कलेज शिक्षा छ
निःशुल्क कलेज शिक्षा छ
03:34
Healthcare is also completely free.
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स्वास्थ्य सेवा पनि पूर्णतया निःशुल्क छ
03:36
Medical consultation,
medical treatment, medicines:
medical treatment, medicines:
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स्वास्थ्य परामर्श, उपचार र औषधी
03:40
they are all provided by the state.
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सबै राज्यले नै उपलब्ध गराउँछ
03:43
We manage this
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हामी यी सबै जुटाउँछौं
03:45
because we use our limited
resources very carefully,
resources very carefully,
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किनभने हामी सीमित साधनलाई
जतनसँग पुर्याउँछौं
जतनसँग पुर्याउँछौं
03:49
and because we stay faithful
to the core mission of GNH,
to the core mission of GNH,
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र लक्ष्यको केन्द्रमा रहेको 'कूराखु'
प्रति हामी वफादार छौं
प्रति हामी वफादार छौं
03:55
which is development with values.
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जुन मूल्यसँगैको विकास पनि हो
03:59
Our economy is small,
and we must strengthen it.
and we must strengthen it.
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हाम्रो अर्थप्रणाली सानो छ, यसलाई
फैलाउनु छ
फैलाउनु छ
04:02
Economic growth is important,
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आर्थिक वृद्धि महत्वपूर्ण हो
04:04
but that economic growth must not come
from undermining our unique culture
from undermining our unique culture
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तर त्यो वृद्धि हाम्रो मौलिक संस्कृतिलाई
नाघेर जान पाउँदैन
नाघेर जान पाउँदैन
04:09
or our pristine environment.
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त्यस्तै हाम्रो विद्यमान वातावरणलाई पनि
04:14
Today, our culture is flourishing.
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अहिले हाम्रो संस्कृति फस्टाइरहेको छ
04:17
We continue to celebrate
our art and architecture,
our art and architecture,
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हामीले कला र शिल्प,
04:20
food and festivals,
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खाना र उत्सव
04:23
monks and monasteries.
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भिक्षु र विहारहरूको जोहो गरिरहेका छौं
04:26
And yes, we celebrate
our national dress, too.
our national dress, too.
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यसैगरी राष्ट्रिय पोशाकको मान पनि
04:32
This is why I can wear my gho with pride.
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यसै कारण म गर्वसाथ ‘घो’ पहिरन्छु
04:37
Here's a fun fact:
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यहाँ रमाइलो कुरो पनि छ
04:39
you're looking
at the world's biggest pocket.
at the world's biggest pocket.
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अहिले तपाई संसारकै सबैभन्दा
ठूलो खल्ती हेरिरहनुभएको छ
ठूलो खल्ती हेरिरहनुभएको छ
04:42
(Laughter)
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(हाँसोको लहर)
04:45
It starts here,
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यहाँबाट शुरु भएर
04:47
goes around the back,
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घुमेर पछाडिसम्म पुग्छ
04:49
and comes out from inside here.
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अनि भित्रभित्रै यहाँसम्म आइपुग्छ
04:52
In this pocket
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हामी यस खल्तीमा
04:53
we store all manner of personal goods
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चलनचल्तीका सबै सामान यहाँ थन्क्याउँछौं
04:56
from phones and wallets
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फोन, पर्स देखि लिएर
05:00
to iPads, office files and books.
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आइप्याड, किताब र अफिस फाइलसम्म
05:03
(Laughter)
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(हर्षध्वनि)
05:04
(Applause)
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(तालीसँगैको)
05:06
But sometimes --
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तर कहिलेकाहीं
05:08
sometimes even precious cargo.
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बहुमूल्य वस्तुको ओसारपसार पनि
05:14
So our culture is flourishing,
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हाम्रो संस्कृति मौलाउँदै गएको छ
05:16
but so is our environment.
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यसैगरि वातावरण पनि
05:19
72 percent of my country
is under forest cover.
is under forest cover.
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मेरो देशको ७२ प्रतिशत भूभाग
जङ्गलले ढाकेको छ
जङ्गलले ढाकेको छ
05:23
Our constitution demands
that a minimum of 60 percent
that a minimum of 60 percent
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हाम्रो संविधान अनुसार भूटानको
न्यूनतम ६० प्रतिशत
न्यूनतम ६० प्रतिशत
05:28
of Bhutan's total land
shall remain under forest cover
shall remain under forest cover
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भूभागमा जङ्गल हुनुपर्छ
05:32
for all time.
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हरसमय
05:33
(Applause)
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(करतल ध्वनि)
05:39
Our constitution,
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हाम्रो संविधान
05:41
this constitution,
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यो संविधानले नै
05:44
imposes forest cover on us.
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हामीमथि जङ्गल थोपरिदिएको हो
05:47
Incidentally, our king
used this constitution
used this constitution
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हाम्रो राजाले बनाएको यो संविधानले हामीमाथि
05:52
to impose democracy on us.
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प्रजातन्त्र पनि थोपरिदिएको छ
05:54
You see, we the people
didn't want democracy.
didn't want democracy.
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यहाहरूलाई थाहा छ, हामी जनता
प्रजातन्त्र चाहँदैनौं
प्रजातन्त्र चाहँदैनौं
05:57
We didn't ask for it, we didn't demand it,
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हामी यो चाहिन्छ पनि भन्दैनौ र यसको
चाहना पनि गर्दैनौं
चाहना पनि गर्दैनौं
06:00
and we certainly didn't fight for it.
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निश्चय नै यसको लागि सङ्घर्ष गर्दैनौं
06:03
Instead, our king imposed democracy on us
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बरु उल्टो हाम्रा राजाले प्रजातन्त्र
दिलाइदिए
दिलाइदिए
06:08
by insisting that he include it
in the constitution.
in the constitution.
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उनकै जोरले यो संविधानमा नै समाहित भयो
06:12
But he went further.
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अझै यो भन्दा पनि अघी बढेर
06:14
He included provisions in the constitution
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उने संविधानमा व्यवस्था गरे
06:18
that empower the people
to impeach their kings,
to impeach their kings,
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जनतामा शक्ति दिन र राजालाई बन्देज लाउन
06:22
and included provisions in here
that require all our kings to retire
that require all our kings to retire
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राजाले निवृत्ति लिनुपर्ने
संवैधानिक व्यवस्था
संवैधानिक व्यवस्था
06:27
at the age of 65.
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६५ वर्षको उमेरमा निवृत्त हुने
06:30
(Applause)
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(करतलध्वनि)
06:31
Fact is, we already have
a king in retirement:
a king in retirement:
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परिणामस्वरुप हामीकहाँ भूतपूर्व
राजा पनि जीवित छन्
राजा पनि जीवित छन्
06:36
our previous king, the Great Fourth,
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हाम्रा पूर्व महाराज, चौथा महानबाट
06:40
retired 10 years ago
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१० वर्ष अगाडि गद्दी छाडियो
06:42
at the peak of his popularity.
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आफ्नो लोकप्रियता शिखरमा पुगेको बेला
06:45
He was all of 51 years at that time.
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त्यस वखत ५१ वर्षको मात्र उमेर थियो
06:51
So as I was saying,
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अँ त, म के भन्दै थिएँ भने
06:53
72 percent of our country
is under forest cover,
is under forest cover,
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हाम्रो देशको ७२ प्रतिशत भूभाग
जङ्गलले ढाकेको छ
जङ्गलले ढाकेको छ
06:56
and all that forest is pristine.
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र ती सबै जङ्गल पहिलेदेखिकै हुन्
06:59
That's why we are one of the few remaining
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त्यसैकारण हामी संसारमै थोरै मात्र बचेका
07:02
global biodiversity hotspots in the world,
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दुनियाभरकै जैविक विविधताको
संवेदनशील ठाउँ हौं
संवेदनशील ठाउँ हौं
07:05
and that's why we are
a carbon neutral country.
a carbon neutral country.
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यसैकारणले हामी कार्वन कम गर्ने देश हौं
07:08
In a world that is threatened
with climate change,
with climate change,
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वातावरण परिवर्तनले तर्साइरहेको विश्वमा
07:10
we are a carbon neutral country.
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हामी कार्वन कम गर्ने देश हौं
07:15
Turns out, it's a big deal.
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यो चुनोतीकै कुरा हो
07:17
Of the 200-odd countries
in the world today,
in the world today,
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संसारका विभिन्न २०० देशहरूका बीचमा
07:20
it looks like we are the only one
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के लाग्छ भने हामी मात्रै
07:22
that's carbon neutral.
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कार्वन कम गर्ने देश हौं
07:25
Actually, that's not quite accurate.
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वास्तवमा त्यो अझै ठीक होइन
07:29
Bhutan is not carbon neutral.
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भूटान कार्वन सन्तुलन गर्ने देश होइन
07:31
Bhutan is carbon negative.
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भूटान कार्वन ऋणात्मक देश पो हो त !
07:35
Our entire country generates
2.2 million tons of carbon dioxide,
2.2 million tons of carbon dioxide,
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हाम्रो पूरा देशले २.२ मि. टन कार्वन
डायअक्साइड उत्पादन गर्दछ
डायअक्साइड उत्पादन गर्दछ
07:42
but our forests, they sequester
more than three times that amount,
more than three times that amount,
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तर हाम्रा वनजङ्गलले त्यो भन्दा
तीन गुनाले अलग पारिदिन्छन्
तीन गुनाले अलग पारिदिन्छन्
07:47
so we are a net carbon sink
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हामी कार्वनलाई विलीन पारिदिन्छौं
07:49
for more than four million tons
of carbon dioxide each year.
of carbon dioxide each year.
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चालीस लाख टनभन्दा पनि बढी प्रति वर्ष
07:55
But that's not all.
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कुरो यति मात्रै होइन
07:56
(Applause)
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(करतलध्वनि)
07:58
We export most
of the renewable electricity
of the renewable electricity
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हामी पुनर्नवीकरण गर्न सकिने
विद्युतको निर्यात गर्छौं
विद्युतको निर्यात गर्छौं
08:01
we generate from our fast-flowing rivers.
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हाम्रा तीव्र गतिमा दौडिने नदीहरूबाट
निकालेर
निकालेर
08:05
So today, the clean energy that we export
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अहिले हामीले निर्यात गरेको स्वच्छ उर्जाबाट
08:08
offsets about six million tons
of carbon dioxide in our neighborhood.
of carbon dioxide in our neighborhood.
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हाम्रा छिमेकी देशको साठीलाख
टन कार्वन डायअक्साइडलाई सन्तुलन गर्दछ
टन कार्वन डायअक्साइडलाई सन्तुलन गर्दछ
08:14
By 2020, we'll be exporting
enough electricity
enough electricity
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२०२० सम्म हामी धेरै विद्युत्
निर्यात गर्नेछौं
निर्यात गर्नेछौं
08:18
to offset 17 million tons
of carbon dioxide.
of carbon dioxide.
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१७० लाख टन कार्वन डायअक्साइड
सन्तुलन गर्दछ
सन्तुलन गर्दछ
08:22
And if we were to harness
even half our hydropower potential,
even half our hydropower potential,
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जलविद्युत् क्षमताको आधा मात्रै
उपयोग गर्दा पनि
उपयोग गर्दा पनि
08:25
and that's exactly what we are working at,
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अहिले हामीले गर्न लागेको त्यही हो
08:29
the clean, green energy that we export
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सफा, हरित उर्जाको निर्यातले
08:31
would offset something like
50 million tons of carbon dioxide a year.
50 million tons of carbon dioxide a year.
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प्रति वर्ष ५०० लाख टन कार्वनलाई
सन्तुलन गर्न सकोस्
सन्तुलन गर्न सकोस्
08:38
That is more CO2 than what the entire city
of New York generates in one year.
of New York generates in one year.
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त्यो भनेको न्यूयोर्क शहरले प्रति वर्ष
उत्पादन गर्ने CO2 को मात्रा हो
उत्पादन गर्ने CO2 को मात्रा हो
08:45
So inside our country,
we are a net carbon sink.
we are a net carbon sink.
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यसकारण आफ्नो देशभित्र हामी
विशुद्ध कार्वनरहित छौं
विशुद्ध कार्वनरहित छौं
08:48
Outside, we are offsetting carbon.
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बाहिर कार्वन सन्तुलन गर्दैछौं
08:50
And this is important stuff.
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यो महत्वपूर्ण कार्य हो
08:53
You see, the world is getting warmer,
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थाहै छ हाम्रो भूमण्डल तातो हुँदैछ
08:55
and climate change is a reality.
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र वातावरण परिवर्तन पनि यथार्थ हो
08:59
Climate change is affecting my country.
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वातावरण परिवर्तनले मेरो देशलाई
प्रभाव पार्दो छ
प्रभाव पार्दो छ
09:02
Our glaciers are melting,
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हाम्रा हिमनदीहरू पग्लँदा छन्
09:04
causing flash floods and landslides,
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यसैले बाढी र पहिरो
09:06
which in turn are causing disaster
and widespread destruction in our country.
and widespread destruction in our country.
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फलस्वरूप विपद् अनि हाम्रो
मुलुकमा विनासकारी प्रलय
मुलुकमा विनासकारी प्रलय
09:13
I was at that lake recently.
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म भर्खरै यो तालमा पुगेको थिएँ
09:15
It's stunning.
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यो अद्भूत छ
09:18
That's how it looked 10 years ago,
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दश वर्ष अगाडि यो यस्तो थियो
09:21
and that's how it looked 20 years ago.
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अनि बीस वर्षअगाडि यस्तो थियो
09:24
Just 20 years ago, that lake didn't exist.
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केवल बीस वर्ष अगाडि ताल बनेकै थिएन
09:27
It was a solid glacier.
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यो ठोस हिमनदीको रूपमा थियो
09:31
A few years ago, a similar lake
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केही वर्ष अघि यस्तै एउटा तलाउ
09:34
breached its dams
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बाँध नाघेर गयो
09:37
and wreaked havoc in the valleys below.
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तल उपत्यकामा हाहाकार फैलियो
09:42
That destruction
was caused by one glacier lake.
was caused by one glacier lake.
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त्यो विनास एउटा हिमनदीको तालले गरेको थियो
09:45
We have 2,700 of them to contend with.
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हामीसँग त्यस्ता २७०० को हाराहरीमा छन्
09:50
The point is this:
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कुरो के भने
09:52
my country and my people have done nothing
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मेरो देश र मेरो जनताको केही पनि
विराएका छैनन्
विराएका छैनन्
09:56
to contribute to global warming,
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भूमण्डलीय तापक्रम वृद्धिमा,
09:59
but we are already bearing the brunt
of its consequences.
of its consequences.
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तर जहिले पनि यसको परिणति भने
भोगिरहेका छौं
भोगिरहेका छौं
10:05
And for a small, poor country,
one that is landlocked and mountainous,
one that is landlocked and mountainous,
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एउटा सानो भूपरिवेष्ठित पहाडी गरीब
मुलुकका लागि
मुलुकका लागि
10:09
it is very difficult.
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यो साह्रै कठिन कुरा हो
10:12
But we are not going to sit
on our hands doing nothing.
on our hands doing nothing.
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तर यसो भन्दैमा हामी चुपचाप
हात बाँधेर बस्दैनौं
हात बाँधेर बस्दैनौं
10:14
We will fight climate change.
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हामी यसको विरुद्धमा लड्छौं
10:16
That's why we have promised
to remain carbon neutral.
to remain carbon neutral.
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त्यसै कारणले हामी कार्वन सन्तुलन गर्न
प्रतिबद्ध छौं
प्रतिबद्ध छौं
10:22
We first made this promise in 2009
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हामीले पहिलोचोटि २००९ मा
10:26
during COP 15 in Copenhagen,
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कोपेनहेगेनमा यस्तो प्रतिबद्धता जनाएका हौं
10:30
but nobody noticed.
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तर कसैले चासो देखाएन
10:32
Governments were so busy
arguing with one another
arguing with one another
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सरकारहरू एकआपसमा विवाद
गर्नमै व्यस्त थिए
गर्नमै व्यस्त थिए
10:35
and blaming each other
for causing climate change,
for causing climate change,
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अनि वातावरण परिवर्तनको लागि
एक आपसमा दोषारोपण गर्नमै
एक आपसमा दोषारोपण गर्नमै
10:38
that when a small country
raised our hands and announced,
raised our hands and announced,
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अनि सानो देशले आफ्नो हात
उठाएर गरेको घोषणा
उठाएर गरेको घोषणा
10:42
"We promise to remain
carbon neutral for all time,"
carbon neutral for all time,"
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"हामी हर समय कार्वन सन्तुलन
हुन प्रतिबद्ध छौं"
हुन प्रतिबद्ध छौं"
10:45
nobody heard us.
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हामीलाई कसैले सुनेन
10:47
Nobody cared.
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कसैले ध्यानै दिएन
10:51
Last December in Paris,
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गत डिसेम्बर पेरिसमा
10:54
at COP 21, we reiterated our promise
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COP 21 मा हामीले फेरि दोहोर्यायौं
10:57
to remain carbon neutral
for all time to come.
for all time to come.
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सधैं कार्वन सन्तुलन हुने प्रतिबद्धता
11:01
This time, we were heard.
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यसपटक हाम्रा कुरा सुनियो
11:03
We were noticed, and everybody cared.
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हाम्रो पहिचान भयो, सबैले मान गरे
11:09
What was different in Paris
was that governments came round together
was that governments came round together
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पेरिसमा के फरक भयो भने सरकारहरू
एकमत भए
एकमत भए
11:14
to accept the realities of climate change,
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वातावरण परिवर्तनको यथार्थ स्वीकार्न
11:16
and were willing to come together
and act together and work together.
and act together and work together.
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सँगै हिंड्न, रहन र काम गर्न इच्छा देखाए
11:21
All countries, from the very small
to the very large,
to the very large,
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सानादेखि धेरै ठूला सबै राष्ट्रले
11:25
committed to reduce
the greenhouse gas emissions.
the greenhouse gas emissions.
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हरितगृहबाट हुने ग्यासको विसर्जनलाई कम गर्न
11:30
The UN Framework Convention
on Climate Change
on Climate Change
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संयुक्त रासंको वातावरण
परिवर्तनसम्बन्धी धारणापत्रमा
परिवर्तनसम्बन्धी धारणापत्रमा
11:33
says that if these so-called
intended commitments are kept,
intended commitments are kept,
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माथिको प्रतिबद्धतालाई मध्यनजर गर्दै
11:39
we'd be closer
to containing global warming
to containing global warming
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भूमण्डलीय तपक्रमसँग नजिकिने छौ
11:41
by two degrees Celsius.
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दुई डिग्री से. ले भए पनि
11:46
By the way,
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कुराको प्रसङ्गमा, भनौं कि
11:48
I've requested the TED organizers here
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TED आयोजकहरूसँग मैले यहाँ
11:51
to turn up the heat in here
by two degrees,
by two degrees,
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२ डिग्री तापक्रम बढी गर्न अनुरोध गरेको छु
11:56
so if some of you
are feeling warmer than usual,
are feeling warmer than usual,
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त्यसैले तपाईहरूले सधैँ भन्दा
न्यानो महसूस गर्नुभएको छ भने
न्यानो महसूस गर्नुभएको छ भने
11:59
you know who to blame.
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थाहै छ कसलाई दोष लाउने|
12:03
It's crucial that all of us
keep our commitments.
keep our commitments.
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हामी सबै निर्णायक बचनप्रति प्रतिबद्ध छौं
12:07
As far as Bhutan is concerned,
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भूटानको हकमा भन्ने हो भने
12:09
we will keep our promise
to remain carbon neutral.
to remain carbon neutral.
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हामी कार्वन सन्तुलन गराउने
कुरामा प्रतिबद्ध छौं
कुरामा प्रतिबद्ध छौं
12:13
Here are some of the ways we are doing it.
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यसमा हाम्रा केही कार्ययोजना यस्ता छन्
12:16
We are providing free electricity
to our rural farmers.
to our rural farmers.
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गाउँका किशानलाई निःशुल्क
बिजुली उपलब्ध गराउँने छौं
बिजुली उपलब्ध गराउँने छौं
12:20
The idea is that, with free electricity,
they will no longer have to use firewood
they will no longer have to use firewood
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यसले उनीहरूलाई सँधै दाउराको
उपयोग गर्नुपर्दैन
उपयोग गर्नुपर्दैन
12:26
to cook their food.
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खाना बनाउने काममा
12:28
We are investing in sustainable transport
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हामी दीगो यातायातमा लगानी गर्नेछौं
12:31
and subsidizing the purchase
of electric vehicles.
of electric vehicles.
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विदयुतीय वाहन खरीदमा
विशेष छूटको व्यवस्था
विशेष छूटको व्यवस्था
12:34
Similarly, we are subsidizing
the cost of LED lights,
the cost of LED lights,
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यसैगरि LED बत्तीको मूल्यमा पनि छूट
12:39
and our entire government
is trying to go paperless.
is trying to go paperless.
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अनि सरकारको सम्पूर्ण काम
कागतरहित पार्ने कोशिस
कागतरहित पार्ने कोशिस
12:43
We are cleaning up our entire country
through Clean Bhutan, a national program,
through Clean Bhutan, a national program,
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'सफा भूटान'को राष्ट्रिय नाराले
सम्पूर्ण देशलाई नै सफा राख्छौं
सम्पूर्ण देशलाई नै सफा राख्छौं
12:47
and we are planting trees
throughout our country
throughout our country
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देशभर वृक्षरोपण गर्ने अभियान
12:51
through Green Bhutan,
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हरित भूटानतिर
12:53
another national program.
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अर्को राष्ट्रिय अभियान
12:56
But it is our protected areas
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यी हाम्रा सुरक्षित क्षेत्रहरू त
12:58
that are at the core
of our carbon neutral strategy.
of our carbon neutral strategy.
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कार्वन ऋणात्मक रणनीतिको मुटु हो
13:02
Our protected areas are our carbon sink.
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हाम्रो संरक्षित क्षेत्र त कार्वन हटाउने
क्षेत्र हो
क्षेत्र हो
13:05
They are our lungs.
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ती त हाम्रा फोक्सा हुन्
13:08
Today, more than half
our country is protected,
our country is protected,
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अहिले हाम्रो देशको आधाभन्दा
बढी भाग संरक्षित छ
बढी भाग संरक्षित छ
13:12
as national parks, nature reserves
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राष्ट्रिय उद्यान, प्रकृति संरक्षण
13:14
and wildlife sanctuaries.
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एवं वन्यजन्तु आरक्षण क्षेत्र
13:17
But the beauty is that we've connected
them all with one another
them all with one another
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सौन्दर्य कहाँ छ भने हामीले ती
सबैलाई एक आपसमा जोडेका छौं
सबैलाई एक आपसमा जोडेका छौं
13:21
through a network of biological corridors.
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एउटै जैविक गोरेटोको संजालमा
13:26
Now, what this means
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त्यो भनेको के हो भने
13:27
is that our animals are free
to roam throughout our country.
to roam throughout our country.
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हाम्रा सबै जनावरहरू आफूखुशी
एक ठाउँबाट अर्को ठाउँ जानसक्छन्
एक ठाउँबाट अर्को ठाउँ जानसक्छन्
13:33
Take this tiger, for example.
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उदाहरणको रूपमा यो बाघ
13:35
It was spotted
at 250 meters above sea level
at 250 meters above sea level
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२५० मी. को उचाइमा तातो
उष्णप्रदेशमा
उष्णप्रदेशमा
13:38
in the hot, subtropical jungles.
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देखिएको थियो
13:42
Two years later, that same tiger
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दुइ वर्ष पछि त्यही नै बाघ
13:45
was spotted near 4,000 meters
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४००० मी उचाइमा देखापर्यो
13:48
in our cold alpine mountains.
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हाम्रो चीसो उच्च पर्वतीय क्षेत्रमा
13:51
Isn't that awesome?
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गजब छैन त?
13:53
(Applause)
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(हर्षध्वनि)
13:57
We must keep it that way.
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हामीले यसरी संरक्षण गर्नैपर्छ
14:00
We must keep our parks awesome.
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हामीले हाम्रा उद्यानलाई गजबको बनाउनै पर्छ
14:03
So every year, we set aside resources
to prevent poaching, hunting,
to prevent poaching, hunting,
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हरेक वर्ष हामी अवैध शिकार
रोक्ने साधनको जगेर्ना गर्छौं
रोक्ने साधनको जगेर्ना गर्छौं
14:08
mining and pollution in our parks,
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उत्खनन एवं उद्यानमा प्रदूषण
14:10
and resources to help communities
who live in those parks
who live in those parks
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अनि संरक्षण क्षेत्रमा बस्नेलाई साधन सहयोग
14:16
manage their forests,
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उनीहरूको जङ्गलको व्यवस्थापन
14:17
adapt to climate change,
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वातावरणको परिवर्तन सहन
14:19
and lead better lives while continuing
to live in harmony with Mother Nature.
to live in harmony with Mother Nature.
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प्रकृति मातासँग सामञ्जस्य गरेर
अझ सुन्दर जीवन जिउन
अझ सुन्दर जीवन जिउन
14:24
But that is expensive.
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तर यो एकदमै खर्चिलो छ
14:26
Over the next few years,
our small economy won't have the resources
our small economy won't have the resources
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आगामी केही वर्षभित्र हाम्रो सानो
अर्थव्यवस्थाले सबै स्रोतहरूको
अर्थव्यवस्थाले सबै स्रोतहरूको
14:32
to cover all the costs that are required
to protect our environment.
to protect our environment.
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वातावरण संरक्षणको अावश्यक
सबै खर्च धान्न सक्दैन
सबै खर्च धान्न सक्दैन
14:37
In fact, when we run the numbers,
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वास्तवमा यी सबै क्रम चलाउँदै जाँदा
14:39
it looks like it'll take us
at least 15 years
at least 15 years
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हामीलाई कम से कम १५ वर्ष लाग्छ जस्तो छ
14:41
before we can fully finance
all our conservation efforts.
all our conservation efforts.
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संरक्षणको हाम्रा सबै प्रयत्नहरूमा पूर्ण
लगानी गर्न
लगानी गर्न
14:47
But neither Bhutan,
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तर न त भूटान नै
14:49
nor the world
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न त सारा विश्व नै
14:51
can afford to spend 15 years
going backwards.
going backwards.
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१५ वर्ष पछाडि समय विताउन सक्छन्
14:56
This is why His Majesty the King
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त्यसै कारणले हाम्रा महाराज सरकारबाट
14:59
started Bhutan For Life.
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‘जीवनको लागि भूटान’ सुरुवात भयो
15:02
Bhutan For Life gives us the time we need.
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'जीवनको लागि भूटान’ ले हामीलाई
चाहिएको समय दिन्छ
चाहिएको समय दिन्छ
15:04
It gives us breathing room.
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सास फेर्ने ठाउँ दिन्छ
15:07
It is essentially a funding mechanism
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यो अनिवार्य रूपको कोषको व्यवस्था हो
15:09
to look after our parks,
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उद्यानहरूको हेरचाह गर्न
15:11
to protect our parks,
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उद्यानहरूको संरक्षण गर्न
15:13
until our government
can take over on our own fully.
can take over on our own fully.
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सरकार पूर्णतया व्यवस्थापन गर्न
सक्ने नहुञ्जेल
सक्ने नहुञ्जेल
15:17
The idea is to raise a transition fund
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सङ्क्रमणकालको कोष व्यवस्था गर्ने विचार
15:21
from individual donors,
corporations and institutions,
corporations and institutions,
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व्यक्तिगत, संघ–संस्थाहरू, दातृनिकाय
15:25
but the deal is closed only
after predetermined conditions are met
after predetermined conditions are met
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पूर्वनिर्धारित शर्त पूरा गरेपछि मात्रै
संझौता गरिने
संझौता गरिने
15:30
and all funds committed.
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सबै रकम प्रतिबद्ध
15:32
So multiparty, single closing:
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धेरैको सहयोगमा एकल समापन -
15:36
an idea we borrowed from Wall Street.
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‘वाल स्ट्रिट’सँग विचारको सापटी लिएको
15:39
This means that individual donors
can commit without having to worry
can commit without having to worry
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यसको अर्थ यो हो कि व्यक्तिगत
दाताहरूले पनि
दाताहरूले पनि
15:44
that they'll be left
supporting an underfunded plan.
supporting an underfunded plan.
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पछि के होला भन्ने चिन्ता नलिइकन
सहयोगको वचन दिन सक्छन्
सहयोगको वचन दिन सक्छन्
15:49
It's something like a Kickstarter project,
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एक प्रकारले ‘किकस्टार प्रोजेक्ट’ जस्तै
15:51
only with a 15-year time horizon
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१५ वर्षको समयघेरामा
15:54
and millions of tons
of carbon dioxide at stake.
of carbon dioxide at stake.
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लाखौं टन कार्वन डायअक्साइडको खतरा
15:58
Once the deal is closed,
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एक पटक कुरो टुङ्गिएपछि
16:01
we use the transition fund
to protect our parks,
to protect our parks,
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त्यो कोष हाम्रा उद्यान संरक्षणमा
सदुपयोग गर्नेछौं
सदुपयोग गर्नेछौं
16:05
giving our government time
to increase our own funding gradually
to increase our own funding gradually
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सरकारलाई आफ्नो कोषको वृद्धि गर्न क्रमशः
16:10
until the end of the 15-year period.
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समय हुनेछ १५ वर्षको अन्त्य सम्ममा
16:12
After that, our government
guarantees full funding forever.
guarantees full funding forever.
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त्यसपछि भने हाम्रो सरकारले
कोषको पूर्णतया जिम्मा लिनेछ
कोषको पूर्णतया जिम्मा लिनेछ
16:20
We are almost there.
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हामी करिब त्यहाँ पुग्छौं
16:21
We expect to close later this year.
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यसवर्ष पछि यसलाई बन्द गर्ने आशामा छौं
16:24
Naturally, I'm pretty excited.
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स्वभावैले म एकदमै उत्साही छु
16:26
(Applause)
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(करतलध्वनि)
16:32
The World Wildlife Fund
is our principle partner in this journey,
is our principle partner in this journey,
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यस यात्रामा ‘विश्व वन्यजन्तु कोष’
हाम्रो प्रमुख साझेदार रहेको छ
हाम्रो प्रमुख साझेदार रहेको छ
16:38
and I want to give them a big shoutout
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म उनीहरूको ठूलो प्रशंसा गर्न चाहन्छु
16:41
for the excellent work
they are doing in Bhutan
they are doing in Bhutan
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भूटानमा अत्यन्त उपयोगी काम गरिरहेका छन्
16:44
and across the world.
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र विश्वभर नै
16:45
(Applause)
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(तालिसँगै हर्षध्वनि)
16:49
Whew, it is getting warm in here.
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उफ् ! साहै्र गर्मी पो भयो कि क्या !
17:04
I thank you for listening to our story,
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कहानी सुनिदिनुभएकोमा
यहाँहरू सबैमा आभार !
यहाँहरू सबैमा आभार !
17:07
a story of how we are keeping
our promise to remain carbon neutral,
our promise to remain carbon neutral,
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कार्वन न्यून गर्नमा हामीले आफ्नो
वचन कसरि पालन गरिरहेका छौं
वचन कसरि पालन गरिरहेका छौं
17:11
a story of how we are keeping
our country pristine,
our country pristine,
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हामीले हाम्रो देशलाई कसरि मौलिक
रूपमा नै राखिरहेका छौं भन्ने वर्णन
रूपमा नै राखिरहेका छौं भन्ने वर्णन
17:16
for ourselves, our children,
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हाम्रा लागि, हाम्रा सन्ततिका लागि
17:18
for your children and for the world.
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यहाँका सन्ततिका लागि अनि पूरै विश्वका लागि
17:22
But we are not here
to tell stories, are we?
to tell stories, are we?
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तर हामी कथा सुन्न भेला भएका
होइनौ, हौ र ?
होइनौ, हौ र ?
17:25
We are here to dream together.
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हामी यहाँ सँगसँगै सपना देख्न आएका हौं
17:29
So in closing, I'd like to share
one more dream that I have.
one more dream that I have.
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अन्तमा, म एउटा अर्को सपना साट्न चाहन्छु
17:34
What if we could mobilize
our leadership and our resources,
our leadership and our resources,
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हामीले आफ्नो नेतृत्व र हाम्रो स्रोतसाधन
17:37
our influence and our passion,
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हाम्रो प्रभाव अनि उत्कट अभिलाषा
17:40
to replicate the Bhutan For Life idea
to other countries
to other countries
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‘जीवनको लागि भूटान’ नारा अन्य
देशमा पनि लागू गर्न पाए कस्तो होला ?
देशमा पनि लागू गर्न पाए कस्तो होला ?
17:43
so that they too
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ता कि उनीहरू पनि
17:46
can conserve their
protected areas for all time.
protected areas for all time.
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आफ्नो संरक्षित क्षेत्रको सदैव
संरक्षण गरुन्
संरक्षण गरुन्
17:50
After all, there are many other countries
who face the same issues that we face.
who face the same issues that we face.
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आखिर हाम्रोजस्तो समस्या भोगेका
अरू देशहरू पनि प्रशस्त छन्
अरू देशहरू पनि प्रशस्त छन्
17:53
They too have natural resources
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उनीहरूसँग पनि प्राकृतिक सम्पदा प्रशस्त छ
17:56
that can help win the world's fight
for sustainability,
for sustainability,
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विश्वमा स्थिरता कायम गर्ने
लडाइमा सहायक हुन सक्छ
लडाइमा सहायक हुन सक्छ
18:00
only they may not have the ability
to invest in them now.
to invest in them now.
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उनीहरूमा अहिल्यै लगानी गर्ने त्यो क्षमता
नहुन पनि सक्छ
नहुन पनि सक्छ
18:03
So what if we set up Earth For Life,
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यदि हामीले ‘जीवनको लागि विश्व’
रचना गर्ने हो भने
रचना गर्ने हो भने
18:06
a global fund, to kickstart
the Bhutan For Life throughout the world?
the Bhutan For Life throughout the world?
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‘विश्व वित्तकोष’ ‘किकस्टार्ट’
जीवनको लागि ‘भूटान’ बाट ‘विश्वतिर’
जीवनको लागि ‘भूटान’ बाट ‘विश्वतिर’
18:12
I invite you to help me,
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म सहयोगको लागि आमन्त्रण गर्दछु
18:14
to carry this dream beyond our borders
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अाउनुहोस् यो सपनालाई सीमापारसम्म लैजाऔं
18:17
to all those who care
about our planet's future.
about our planet's future.
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यो ग्रहको भविष्यमाथि चिन्ता गर्नेहरूसम्म
18:22
After all, we're here to dream together,
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आखिर हामी यहाँ साझा सपना देख्दै छौं
18:27
to work together,
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सहकार्य गर्दैछौ
18:28
to fight climate change together,
to protect our planet together.
to protect our planet together.
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वातावरण परिवर्तनको लडाइमा,
सँगसँगै हाम्रो ग्रहको सुरक्षामा
सँगसँगै हाम्रो ग्रहको सुरक्षामा
18:33
Because the reality is
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वास्तविकता के हो भने
18:36
we are in it together.
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हामी यस भूमिमा सँगसँगै नै छौं
18:38
Some of us might dress differently,
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कसै कसैले लुगा फरक फरक लगायौं होला
18:41
but we are in it together.
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तर हामी सँगसँगै नै छौं
18:43
Thank you very much,
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सबैमा मुरी मुरी धन्यवाद
18:45
and kadrin chhe la. Thank you.
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ताशि दे ला ! धन्यवाद
18:47
(Applause)
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(तालिसँगै हर्षध्वनि)
18:48
Thank you, thank you, thank you.
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धन्यवाद, धन्यवाद, धन्यवाद
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Tshering Tobgay - Prime Minister of BhutanActing on his mandate to move Bhutan into the 21st century, Prime Minister Tshering Tobgay is transforming his nation -- while maintaining its “Gross National Happiness.”
Why you should listen
Tshering Tobgay went from civil servant to politician to prime minister -- all the while maintaining his star social media profile in one of Asia’s most progressive emerging states. As the second democratically elected Prime Minister of Bhutan, Tobgay continues to emphasize his country’s core value of happiness.
Bhutan's acclaimed "Gross National Happiness" index prioritizes well-being over financial growth. But Tobgay also seeks to solve Bhutan's great challenges: unemployment, poverty, gaps in education and infrastructure. WIth a foundation of optimism, his administration and the country's young democracy hope to become a paragon of stability in the developing world.
Tshering Tobgay | Speaker | TED.com