ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Lewis Pugh - Coldwater swimmer
Pushing his body through epic cold-water swims, Lewis Gordon Pugh wants to draw attention to our global climate. He's just back from swimming in a meltwater lake on the slopes of Mount Everest.

Why you should listen

Lewis Gordon Pugh loves to pioneer new swimming routes around or between landmarks once thought unswimmable. In 2006, he swam the drought-stricken Thames; also that year he became the first swimmer to do a long-distance swim in all five oceans of the world. The following year, he made the first long-distance swim across the North Pole -- where climate change made the ice temporarily disappear. Heading into the second decade of his swimming career, he's regarded as the greatest cold-water swimmer in history.

His swims have given him a sea-level view of our planet, and inspired him to do his bit to help preserve it. He left a career in maritime law to become a public speaker on environmental issues with his group, Polar Defence Project -- and of course to plan more astonishing swims and treks. In September 2008, Pugh and Robbie Hedgus kayaked across the Arctic Ocean into the polar ice pack, to raise awareness of the thinning sea ice and the dangers of climate change in the Arctic and across the world. And at the end of May 2010 he swam 1 kilometer across Pumori, a meltwater lake situated next to the Khumbu Glacier on Mount Everest, at an altitude of 5300 meters, to draw attention to the melting of the Asian glaciers. He completed the swim -- the highest any person has undertaken -- in less than 23 minutes. "Glaciers are not just ice: they are a lifeline, they provide water to 2 billion people, and we need to protect them," he says.

More profile about the speaker
Lewis Pugh | Speaker | TED.com
TEDGlobal 2010

Lewis Pugh: My mind-shifting Everest swim

O nado no Mt. Everest que mudou a mente de Lewis Pugh

Filmed:
1,201,376 views

Após nadar no Polo Norte, Lewis Pugh jurou que nunca mais mergulharia em águas geladas. Então, ele ouviu falar do Lago Imja no Everest -- águas à uma altitude de 5.300 metros, inteiramente criadas pelo derretimento recente do gelo -- e começou uma jornada que lhe ensinaria uma forma radical de aproximar natação e pensamentos acerca das mudanças climáticas.
- Coldwater swimmer
Pushing his body through epic cold-water swims, Lewis Gordon Pugh wants to draw attention to our global climate. He's just back from swimming in a meltwater lake on the slopes of Mount Everest. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:15
Last year when I was here, I was speaking to you about a swim
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Ano passado quando estive aqui, falei para vocês sobre um nado
00:18
which I did across the North Pole.
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que fiz através do Polo Norte.
00:21
And while that swim took place three years ago,
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E enquanto essa travessia aconteceu há três anos,
00:23
I can remember it as if it was yesterday.
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me lembro dela como se tivesse sido ontem.
00:26
I remember standing on the edge of the ice,
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Eu me lembro de estar de pé na beirada do gelo,
00:29
about to dive into the water,
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prestes a mergulhar na água,
00:31
and thinking to myself, I have never ever
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e pensando sozinho, eu jamais
00:34
seen any place on this earth
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vi algum lugar nessa Terra
00:36
which is just so frightening.
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que é tão assustador.
00:38
The water is completely black.
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A água é completamente preta.
00:40
The water is minus 1.7 degrees centigrade,
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A água é menos 1,7 graus centígrados,
00:43
or 29 degrees Fahrenheit.
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ou 29 graus Fahrenheit.
00:46
It's flipping freezing in that water.
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É muito congelante naquela água
00:49
And then a thought came across my mind:
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E então um pensamento veio à minha mente:
00:52
if things go pear-shaped on this swim,
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se tudo der muito errado nessa travessia,
00:55
how long will it take for my frozen body
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quanto tempo vai demorar para meu corpo congelado
00:58
to sink the four and a half kilometers
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afundar os quatro quilômetros e meio
01:00
to the bottom of the ocean?
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até o fundo do oceano?
01:02
And then I said to myself, I've just got to get this thought
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E então disse a mim mesmo, eu tenho de tirar esse pensamento
01:04
out of my mind as quickly as possible.
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da minha mente o mais rápido possível.
01:06
And the only way I can dive
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E a única maneira que eu poderia mergulhar
01:08
into that freezing cold water
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naquela água congelante
01:10
and swim a kilometer
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e nadar um quilômetro
01:12
is by listening to my iPod and really revving myself up,
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era ouvindo ao meu iPod e me acelerando, realmente,
01:15
listening to everything from beautiful opera
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ouvindo de tudo, desde uma linda opera
01:18
all the way across to Puff Daddy,
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até o outro extremo, Puff Daddy,
01:21
and then committing myself a hundred percent --
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e então me comprometendo cem por cento --
01:23
there is nothing more powerful than the made-up mind --
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não há nada mais poderoso que uma mente feita --
01:26
and then walking up to the edge of the ice
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e então caminhei para a beirada do gelo
01:29
and just diving into the water.
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e mergulhei na água.
01:31
And that swim took me
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E essa travessia levou
01:33
18 minutes and 50 seconds,
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18 minutos e 50 segundos,
01:35
and it felt like 18 days.
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e pareceram 18 dias.
01:37
And I remember getting out of the water
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E me lembro de sair da água
01:39
and my hands feeling so painful
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e minhas mãos estarem tão doloridas
01:41
and looking down at my fingers,
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e olhando para meus dedos,
01:43
and my fingers were literally the size of sausages
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e eles estavam literalmente do tamanho de lingüiças
01:46
because -- you know, we're made partially of water --
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porque -- vocês sabem, somos parcialmente feitos de água --
01:49
when water freezes it expands,
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quando a água congela ela expande,
01:51
and so the cells in my fingers
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e então as células dos meus dedos
01:53
had frozen and expanded
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tinham congelado e expandido
01:55
and burst.
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e estourado.
01:57
And the most immediate thought when I came out of that water
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E o pensamento que tive de imediato quando saí da água
01:59
was the following:
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foi o seguinte:
02:01
I'm never, ever
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Eu nunca, jamais
02:03
going to do another cold water swim
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vou nadar outra vez em águas geladas
02:06
in my life again.
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na minha vida.
02:09
Anyway, last year, I heard about the Himalayas
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Mesmo assim, ano passado, ouvi sobre o Himalaia
02:12
and the melting of the -- (Laughter)
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e o derretimento das -- (Risos)
02:14
and the melting of the glaciers
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e o derretimento das geleiras
02:16
because of climate change.
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por causa das mudanças climáticas.
02:18
I heard about this lake, Lake Imja.
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Eu ouvi sobre esse lago, Lago Imja.
02:21
This lake has been formed in the last couple of years
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Esse lago foi formado nos últimos dois anos
02:24
because of the melting of the glacier.
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por causa do derretimento das geleiras.
02:26
The glacier's gone all the way up the mountain
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As geleiras se desfizeram em cima da montanha
02:28
and left in its place this big lake.
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e deixaram em seu lugar esse grande lago.
02:31
And I firmly believe
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E acredito firmemente
02:33
that what we're seeing in the Himalayas
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que o que estamos vendo no Himalaia
02:35
is the next great, big battleground
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é o próximo grande campo de batalha
02:37
on this earth.
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na Terra.
02:39
Nearly two billion people --
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Aproximadamente dois bilhões de pessoas --
02:41
so one in three people on this earth --
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então uma a cada três pessoas na Terra -
02:43
rely on the water from the Himalayas.
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dependem da água do Himalaia.
02:46
And with a population increasing as quickly as it is,
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E com a população crescendo rapidamente como está,
02:49
and with the water supply from these glaciers --
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e com o fornecimento de água dessas geleiras --
02:51
because of climate change --
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por causa da mudança climática --
02:53
decreasing so much,
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reduzindo tanto,
02:55
I think we have a real risk of instability.
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eu acho que temos um risco real de instabilidade.
02:57
North, you've got China; south, you've India, Pakistan, Bangladesh,
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Ao norte, tem a China; Sul, Índia, Paquistão e Bangladesh,
03:00
all these countries.
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todos esses países.
03:02
And so I decided
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E então eu decidi
03:04
to walk up to Mt. Everest,
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subir até o Monte Everest,
03:06
the highest mountain on this earth,
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a maior montanha dessa Terra,
03:08
and go and do a symbolic swim
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e ir para fazer um nado simbólico
03:10
underneath the summit
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debaixo do pico
03:12
of Mt. Everest.
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do Monte Everest.
03:14
Now, I don't know if any of you have had the opportunity to go to Mt. Everest,
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Agora, não sei se alguns de vocês já teve a oportunidade de ir ao Everest,
03:17
but it's quite an ordeal getting up there.
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mas é muito penoso chegar lá em cima.
03:20
28 great, big, powerful yaks
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28 ótimos, grandes, poderosos iaques
03:22
carrying all the equipment up onto this mountain --
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levando todo o equipamento nessa subida --
03:25
I don't just have my Speedo,
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Eu apenas não tenho minha sunga.
03:27
but there's a big film crew who then
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Mas há uma grande equipe de filmagem que então
03:29
send all the images around the world.
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manda todas as imagens para o mundo.
03:32
The other thing which was so challenging about this swim
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Outra coisa que foi tão desafiadora nessa travessia
03:35
is not just the altitude.
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não foi apenas a altitude.
03:37
I wanted to do the swim at 5,300 meters above sea level.
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Eu queria fazer o nado a 5.300 metros acima do nível do mar.
03:40
So it's right up in the heavens.
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Então é lá no céu.
03:42
It's very, very difficult to breath. You get altitude sickness.
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É muito, muito difícil respirar. Você fica com doença da altitude elevada.
03:45
I feels like you've got a man standing behind you with a hammer
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Parece que você tem um homem às suas costas com um martelo
03:48
just hitting your head all the time.
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acertando a sua cabeça o tempo todo.
03:50
That's not the worst part of it.
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Isso não é a pior parte.
03:52
The worst part was this year was the year where they decided
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A pior parte era, esse ano era o ano que eles tinham decidido
03:54
to do a big cleanup operation on Mt. Everest.
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fazer uma grande operação limpeza no Everest.
03:57
Many, many people have died on Mt. Everest,
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Muitas, muitas pessoas morreram no Monte Everest,
04:00
and this was the year they decided to go
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e esse era o ano que eles tinham decidido ir
04:02
and recover all the bodies of the mountaineers
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e recuperar todos os corpos desses alpinistas
04:04
and then bring them down the mountain.
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e então trazê-los abaixo.
04:07
And when you're walking up the mountain
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E quando você está subindo a montanha
04:09
to attempt to do something
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para tentar fazer algo
04:11
which no human has ever done before, and, in fact, no fish --
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que nenhum humano já fez, e também nenhum peixe.
04:14
there are no fish up there swimming at 5,300 meters --
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Não há peixes lá em cima nadando a 5.300 metros.
04:17
When you're trying to do that,
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Quando você está tentando fazer isso,
04:19
and then the bodies are coming past you,
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e então os corpos estão passando por você,
04:21
it humbles you,
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isso te abala,
04:23
and you also realize very, very clearly
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e então você percebe muito, muito claramente
04:25
that nature is so much more powerful
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que a natureza é tão mais poderosa
04:28
than we are.
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do que nós.
04:30
And we walked up this pathway,
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E subimos por esse caminho,
04:32
all the way up.
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até o topo.
04:34
And to the right hand side of us
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E ao nosso lado direito
04:36
was this great Khumbu Glacier.
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estava essa grande geleira Khumbu.
04:38
And all the way along the glacier we saw
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E por toda a geleira nós vimos
04:40
these big pools of melting ice.
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essas grandes piscinas de gelo derretido.
04:43
And then we got up to this small lake
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E então chegamos a esse lago pequeno
04:46
underneath the summit of Mt. Everest,
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embaixo do topo do Monte Everest,
04:48
and I prepared myself
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e eu me preparei,
04:50
the same way as I've always prepared myself,
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do mesmo jeito que sempre me preparei,
04:52
for this swim which was going to be so very difficult.
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para esse nado que seria extremamente difícil.
04:54
I put on my iPod, I listened to some music,
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Eu coloquei meu iPod, ouvi algumas música,
04:57
I got myself as aggressive as possible --
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me deixei o mais agressivo possível --
04:59
but controlled aggression --
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mas agressividade controlada --
05:01
and then I hurled myself
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e então eu me lancei
05:03
into that water.
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naquela água.
05:05
I swam as quickly as I could
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Nadei o mais rápido que podia
05:08
for the first hundred meters,
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pelos primeiros cem metros,
05:10
and then I realized very, very quickly,
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e então percebi muito, muito rapidamente,
05:12
I had a huge problem on my hands.
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que eu tinha um enorme problema em minhas mãos.
05:14
I could barely breathe.
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Eu mal podia respirar.
05:16
I was gasping for air.
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Eu estava arfando por ar.
05:18
I then began to choke,
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Eu então comecei a engasgar,
05:20
and then it quickly led to me vomiting in the water.
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e isso rapidamente me levou a vomitar na água.
05:23
And it all happened so quickly:
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E isso tudo aconteceu tão rápido
05:26
I then -- I don't know how it happened -- but I went underwater.
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que eu então -- não sei como isso aconteceu -- mas eu afundei.
05:29
And luckily, the water was quite shallow,
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E por sorte, a água era bem rasa,
05:32
and I was able to push myself off the bottom of the lake
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e eu fui capaz de me empurrar pra longe do fundo do lago
05:35
and get up and then take another gasp of air.
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e recuperar e então respirar de novo.
05:38
And then I said, carry on. Carry on. Carry on.
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E então eu disse, siga em frente. Siga em frente...
05:40
I carried on for another five or six strokes,
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Eu segui por outras cinco ou seis braçadas,
05:43
and then I had nothing in my body,
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e então não sobrou nada em meu corpo,
05:46
and I went down to the bottom of the lake.
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e eu desci ao fundo do lago.
05:48
And I don't where I got it from,
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E eu não sei de onde consegui,
05:50
but I was able to somehow
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mas de algum modo fui capaz de
05:52
pull myself up and as quickly as possible
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me empurrar para cima e o mais rápido possível
05:55
get to the side of the lake.
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chegar à borda do lago.
05:58
I've heard it said that drowning
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Eu ouvi dizer que afogamento
06:00
is the most peaceful death that you can have.
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é a morte mais pacífica que você pode ter.
06:03
I have never, ever heard
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Eu nunca, jamais ouvi
06:05
such utter bollocks.
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tamanha besteira.
06:07
(Laughter)
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(Risos)
06:09
It is the most frightening and panicky feeling
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É o sentimento mais assustador
06:12
that you can have.
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que você pode ter.
06:14
I got myself to the side of the lake.
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Eu me levei à borda do lago.
06:16
My crew grabbed me,
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Minha equipe me agarrou,
06:18
and then we walked as quickly as we could
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e então descemos o mais rápido que pudemos
06:20
down -- over the rubble --
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-- sobre o cascalho --
06:22
down to our camp.
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até o nosso acampamento.
06:24
And there, we sat down,
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E lá, nós nos sentamos,
06:26
and we did a debrief about what had gone wrong
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e fizemos um interrogatório sobre o que tinha dado errado
06:29
there on Mt. Everest.
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lá no Monte Everest.
06:31
And my team just gave it to me straight.
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E minha equipe foi direta.
06:34
They said, Lewis, you need to have
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Eles disseram, Lewis, você precisa ter
06:36
a radical tactical shift
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uma mudança tática radical
06:39
if you want to do this swim.
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se quiser fazer essa travessia.
06:41
Every single thing which you have learned
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Cada coisa que você aprendeu
06:43
in the past 23 years of swimming,
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nos últimos 23 anos de natação,
06:45
you must forget.
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você deve esquecer.
06:47
Every single thing which you learned
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Cada coisa que você aprendeu
06:49
when you were serving in the British army,
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quando serviu ao exército britânico
06:51
about speed and aggression,
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sobre velocidade e agressão,
06:53
you put that to one side.
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você coloca isso de lado.
06:55
We want you to walk up the hill in another two days' time.
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Queremos que você suba essa montanha em dois dias.
06:58
Take some time to rest and think about things.
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Leve um tempo para descansar e pensar sobre coisas.
07:01
We want you to walk up the mountain in two days' time,
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Queremos que você suba a montanha em dois dias,
07:04
and instead of swimming fast,
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e em vez de nadar rápido,
07:07
swim as slowly as possible.
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nade o mais devagar possível.
07:09
Instead of swimming crawl, swim breaststroke.
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Em vez de nadar crawl, nade peito.
07:12
And remember, never ever swim with aggression.
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E lembre-se, nunca, jamais nade com agressão.
07:15
This is the time to swim
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Essa é a hora de nadar
07:17
with real humility.
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com real humildade.
07:19
And so we walked back up
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E então subimos de novo
07:21
to the mountain two days later.
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a montanha, dois dias depois.
07:23
And I stood there
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E eu permaneci em pé lá
07:25
on the edge of the lake,
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na beirada do lago,
07:27
and I looked up at Mt. Everest --
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e eu olhei para o Monte Everest --
07:29
and she is one of the most beautiful mountains on the earth --
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e é uma das montanhas mais bonitas da Terra --
07:32
and I said to myself, just do this slowly.
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e eu disse a mim mesmo, apenas faça isso devagar.
07:35
And I swam across the lake.
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E eu nadei através do lago.
07:37
And I can't begin to tell you
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E eu não posso começar a lhes dizer
07:39
how good I felt
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quão bem me senti
07:41
when I came to the other side.
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quando eu cheguei ao outro lado.
07:43
But I learned two very, very
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Mas eu aprendi duas lições
07:45
important lessons there on Mt. Everest,
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muito, muito importantes lá no Everest.
07:48
and I thank my team of Sherpas who taught me this.
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E agradeço à minha equipe de Sherpas que me ensinaram isso.
07:51
The first one is
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A primeira é
07:53
that just because something has worked in the past so well,
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que apenas porque algo funcionou no passado tão bem,
07:56
doesn't mean it's going to work in the future.
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não quer dizer que vá funcionar no futuro.
07:59
And similarly,
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E similarmente,
08:01
now, before I do anything,
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agora, antes de eu fazer algo,
08:03
I ask myself what type of mindset
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eu me pergunto que tipo de mente
08:05
do I require
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eu preciso
08:07
to successfully complete a task.
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para completar a tarefa com êxito.
08:10
And taking that into the world of climate change --
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E falando isso no mundo das mudanças climáticas,
08:13
which is, frankly,
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que é, francamente,
08:15
the Mt. Everest of all problems --
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o Monte Everest de todos os problemas --
08:17
just because we've lived the way we have lived for so long,
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apenas porque vivemos do jeito que vivemos por tanto tempo,
08:20
just because we have consumed the way we have for so long
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apenas porque consumimos desse jeito por tanto tempo
08:23
and populated the earth the way we have for so long,
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e povoamos a Terra do mesmo jeito por tanto tempo,
08:26
doesn't mean that we can carry on
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não significa que devemos seguir em frente
08:28
the way we are carrying on.
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do jeito que estamos seguindo.
08:30
The warning signs are all there.
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Os sinais de advertência estão todos aí.
08:33
When I was born, the world's population
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Quando eu nasci, a população mundial
08:35
was 3.5 billion people.
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era de 3,5 bilhões de pessoas.
08:37
We're now 6.8 billion people,
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Somos agora 6,8 bilhões,
08:40
and we're expected to be 9 billion people
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e espera-se que sejam 9 bilhões de pessoas
08:42
by 2050.
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em 2050.
08:44
And then the second lesson,
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E então a segunda lição,
08:46
the radical, tactical shift.
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a radical, mudança tática.
08:48
And I've come here to ask you today:
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E vim aqui hoje para lhes perguntar:
08:51
what radical tactical shift
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Que mudança tática radical
08:54
can you take in your relationship to the environment,
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vocês podem tomar no seu relacionamento com o meio-ambiente,
08:57
which will ensure
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que vai assegurar
08:59
that our children and our grandchildren
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que nossas crianças e nossos netos
09:01
live in a safe world
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vivam em um mundo protegido
09:03
and a secure world,
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e um mundo seguro,
09:05
and most importantly, in a sustainable world?
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e mais importante ainda, em um mundo sustentável?
09:08
And I ask you, please, to go away from here
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E eu lhes peço, por favor, para saírem daqui
09:10
and think about that one
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e pensarem sobre essa
09:12
radical tactical shift
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mudança tática radical
09:14
which you could make,
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que vocês possam fazer,
09:16
which will make that big difference,
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que fará essa grande diferença,
09:18
and then commit a hundred percent to doing it.
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e então comprometam-se cem por cento em fazê-lo.
09:21
Blog about it, tweet about it, talk about it,
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Bloguem sobre isso, tuítem sobre isso, falem sobre isso,
09:24
and commit a hundred percent,
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e se comprometam cem por cento.
09:26
because very, very few things
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Porque muito, muito poucas coisas
09:28
are impossible to achieve
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são impossíveis de realizar
09:30
if we really put our whole minds to it.
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se nós realmente colocarmos nossas mentes para funcionar.
09:32
So thank you very, very much.
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Então muito, muito obrigado.
09:34
(Applause)
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(Aplausos)
Translated by Tulio Leao
Reviewed by Belucio Haibara

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Lewis Pugh - Coldwater swimmer
Pushing his body through epic cold-water swims, Lewis Gordon Pugh wants to draw attention to our global climate. He's just back from swimming in a meltwater lake on the slopes of Mount Everest.

Why you should listen

Lewis Gordon Pugh loves to pioneer new swimming routes around or between landmarks once thought unswimmable. In 2006, he swam the drought-stricken Thames; also that year he became the first swimmer to do a long-distance swim in all five oceans of the world. The following year, he made the first long-distance swim across the North Pole -- where climate change made the ice temporarily disappear. Heading into the second decade of his swimming career, he's regarded as the greatest cold-water swimmer in history.

His swims have given him a sea-level view of our planet, and inspired him to do his bit to help preserve it. He left a career in maritime law to become a public speaker on environmental issues with his group, Polar Defence Project -- and of course to plan more astonishing swims and treks. In September 2008, Pugh and Robbie Hedgus kayaked across the Arctic Ocean into the polar ice pack, to raise awareness of the thinning sea ice and the dangers of climate change in the Arctic and across the world. And at the end of May 2010 he swam 1 kilometer across Pumori, a meltwater lake situated next to the Khumbu Glacier on Mount Everest, at an altitude of 5300 meters, to draw attention to the melting of the Asian glaciers. He completed the swim -- the highest any person has undertaken -- in less than 23 minutes. "Glaciers are not just ice: they are a lifeline, they provide water to 2 billion people, and we need to protect them," he says.

More profile about the speaker
Lewis Pugh | Speaker | TED.com

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