TEDGlobal 2010
Lewis Pugh: My mind-shifting Everest swim
Lewis Pugh a posun myslenia plávaním pod Mt.Everestom
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Readability: 3.2
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Potom, čo si zaplával na Severnom póle, si Lewis Pugh sľúbil, že už sa nikdy neponori do tak ľadovej vody. Potom, čo počul o jazere Imja na Mt. Evereste - vodnej ploche v nadmorskej výške 5.300 m, vytvorenom len nedávno topením ľadovcov - sa vydal na cestu, ktorá ho naučila radikálne novému spôsobu, akým pristupovať k plávaniu a akým premýšľať o zmene klímy.
Lewis Pugh - Coldwater swimmer
Pushing his body through epic cold-water swims, Lewis Gordon Pugh wants to draw attention to our global climate. He's just back from swimming in a meltwater lake on the slopes of Mount Everest. Full bio
Pushing his body through epic cold-water swims, Lewis Gordon Pugh wants to draw attention to our global climate. He's just back from swimming in a meltwater lake on the slopes of Mount Everest. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
Last year when I was here, I was speaking to you about a swim
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Minulý rok, keď som tu bol, som Vám rozprával o mojom plávaní
00:18
which I did across the North Pole.
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na severnom póle.
00:21
And while that swim took place three years ago,
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A hoci som tam plával pred tromi rokmi,
00:23
I can remember it as if it was yesterday.
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pamätám si to, ako keby to bolo len včera.
00:26
I remember standing on the edge of the ice,
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Spomínam si, ako stojím na okraji ľadu,
00:29
about to dive into the water,
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chystajúc sa ponoriť do vody,
00:31
and thinking to myself, I have never ever
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a v duchu si hovoriac, že ešte nikdy som
00:34
seen any place on this earth
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nevidel žiadne miesto na zemi,
00:36
which is just so frightening.
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ktorá je tak desivé.
00:38
The water is completely black.
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Voda je úplne čierna.
00:40
The water is minus 1.7 degrees centigrade,
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Má mínus 1.7 stupňa Celzia,
00:43
or 29 degrees Fahrenheit.
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alebo 29 stupňov Fahrenheita.
00:46
It's flipping freezing in that water.
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A je šialene ľadová.
00:49
And then a thought came across my mind:
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A potom mi prebehlo hlavou:
00:52
if things go pear-shaped on this swim,
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čo ak veci nepôjdu tak ako by mali,
00:55
how long will it take for my frozen body
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ako dlho bude trvať môjmu zmrznutému telu
00:58
to sink the four and a half kilometers
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klesnúť štyri a pol kilometra
01:00
to the bottom of the ocean?
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na dno oceánu?
01:02
And then I said to myself, I've just got to get this thought
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A potom som si povedal, musím sa zbaviť
01:04
out of my mind as quickly as possible.
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tejto myšlienky čo najrýchlejšie.
01:06
And the only way I can dive
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A jediným spôsobom, ako sa prinútiť ponoriť
01:08
into that freezing cold water
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do tejto mrazivej chladnej vody
01:10
and swim a kilometer
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a uplávať kilometer,
01:12
is by listening to my iPod and really revving myself up,
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je, že počúvam môj iPod, čo ma vskutku nabudzuje.
01:15
listening to everything from beautiful opera
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Počúvam všetko od krásnej opery
01:18
all the way across to Puff Daddy,
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až k Puff Daddymu,
01:21
and then committing myself a hundred percent --
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a potom som absolútne pripravený -
01:23
there is nothing more powerful than the made-up mind --
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nie je nič silnejšie, než byť odhodlaný -
01:26
and then walking up to the edge of the ice
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a potom už len kráčam hore k okraju ľadu
01:29
and just diving into the water.
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a potápam sa do vody.
01:31
And that swim took me
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Plával som
01:33
18 minutes and 50 seconds,
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18 minút a 50 sekúnd,
01:35
and it felt like 18 days.
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zdalo sa mi to 18 dní.
01:37
And I remember getting out of the water
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Pamätám si ako vychádzam z vody,
01:39
and my hands feeling so painful
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pričom pociťujem strašnú bolesť na mojich rukách,
01:41
and looking down at my fingers,
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a keď sa pozriem dole na moje prsty,
01:43
and my fingers were literally the size of sausages
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tak tie boli doslova veľkosti klobásy,
01:46
because -- you know, we're made partially of water --
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pretože - viete, sme čiastočne z vody -
01:49
when water freezes it expands,
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a keď voda zamrzne, tak sa rozširuje,
01:51
and so the cells in my fingers
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a tak i moje bunky v prstoch
01:53
had frozen and expanded
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zamrzli, zväčšili sa
01:55
and burst.
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a praskli.
01:57
And the most immediate thought when I came out of that water
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A prvé čo my prišlo na um, keď som z tej vody vychádzal,
01:59
was the following:
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bolo,
02:01
I'm never, ever
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že už nikdy, ale nikdy
02:03
going to do another cold water swim
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nebudem plávať v tak studenej vode
02:06
in my life again.
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pokiaľ budem žiť.
02:09
Anyway, last year, I heard about the Himalayas
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Mimochodom, minulý rok som počul o Himalájach
02:12
and the melting of the -- (Laughter)
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a o topení - (Smiech)
02:14
and the melting of the glaciers
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a topení ľadovcov
02:16
because of climate change.
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v dôsledku klimatických zmien.
02:18
I heard about this lake, Lake Imja.
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Počul som o jazere, jazere Imja.
02:21
This lake has been formed in the last couple of years
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Toto jazero bola vytvorené v posledných niekoľkých rokoch
02:24
because of the melting of the glacier.
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z topiaceho sa ľadovca.
02:26
The glacier's gone all the way up the mountain
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Ľadovec odišiel späť na horu
02:28
and left in its place this big lake.
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a nechal na jeho mieste toto veľké jazero.
02:31
And I firmly believe
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A ja pevne verím,
02:33
that what we're seeing in the Himalayas
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že to, čo vidíme v Himalájach,
02:35
is the next great, big battleground
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je ďalším veľkým bojiskom
02:37
on this earth.
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na tejto zemi.
02:39
Nearly two billion people --
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Takmer dve miliardy ľudí -
02:41
so one in three people on this earth --
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čo je jeden z troch ľudí na tejto zemi -
02:43
rely on the water from the Himalayas.
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závisí na vode z Himalájí.
02:46
And with a population increasing as quickly as it is,
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A s populáciou rastúcou tak rýchlo, ako tomu je doposiaľ,
02:49
and with the water supply from these glaciers --
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a so zásobou vody z týchto ľadovcov -
02:51
because of climate change --
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v dôsledku klimatických zmien -
02:53
decreasing so much,
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natoľko ubúdajúcou,
02:55
I think we have a real risk of instability.
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si myslím, že nám hrozí reálne riziko nestability.
02:57
North, you've got China; south, you've India, Pakistan, Bangladesh,
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Na severe máte Čínu, na juhu mate Indiu, Pakistan, Bangladéš,
03:00
all these countries.
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všetky tieto krajiny.
03:02
And so I decided
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A tak som sa rozhodol
03:04
to walk up to Mt. Everest,
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vyjsť k Mt. Everestu,
03:06
the highest mountain on this earth,
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k najvyššej hore na tejto zemi,
03:08
and go and do a symbolic swim
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ísť a symbolický si zaplávať
03:10
underneath the summit
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pod vrcholom
03:12
of Mt. Everest.
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Mt. Everestu.
03:14
Now, I don't know if any of you have had the opportunity to go to Mt. Everest,
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Teraz neviem, či niekto z vás mal niekedy tú možnosť ísť na Mt. Everest,
03:17
but it's quite an ordeal getting up there.
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ale je to vskutku utrpenie dostať sa tam hore.
03:20
28 great, big, powerful yaks
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28 veľkých, silných jakov
03:22
carrying all the equipment up onto this mountain --
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nesúcich všetko naše zariadenie na túto horu --
03:25
I don't just have my Speedo,
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Mám toho viac ako len plavky.
03:27
but there's a big film crew who then
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Ale je tam veľký filmový štáb, ktorý potom
03:29
send all the images around the world.
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zaslal všetky tieto obrázky do celého sveta.
03:32
The other thing which was so challenging about this swim
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Ďalšia vec, ktorá bola tak náročná na tomto plávaní,
03:35
is not just the altitude.
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nebola len výška.
03:37
I wanted to do the swim at 5,300 meters above sea level.
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Chcel som si zaplávať 5.300 m nad morom.
03:40
So it's right up in the heavens.
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To je skoro až v nebi.
03:42
It's very, very difficult to breath. You get altitude sickness.
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Tam hore sa veľmi, veľmi ťažko dýcha. Dostanete výškovú chorobu.
03:45
I feels like you've got a man standing behind you with a hammer
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Máte pocit, že za vami stojí muž s kladivom
03:48
just hitting your head all the time.
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mlátiaci vám stále do hlavy.
03:50
That's not the worst part of it.
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Ale to nie je ta najhoršia časť.
03:52
The worst part was this year was the year where they decided
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Najhoršie bolo to, že tento rok bol rokom, kedy sa rozhodli
03:54
to do a big cleanup operation on Mt. Everest.
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na Mt. Evereste urobiť veľké upratovanie.
03:57
Many, many people have died on Mt. Everest,
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Mnoho ľudí na Evereste zahynulo
04:00
and this was the year they decided to go
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a toto bol rok, kedy sa rozhodli ísť
04:02
and recover all the bodies of the mountaineers
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a nájsť všetky tie telá horolezcov
04:04
and then bring them down the mountain.
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a zniesť ich dole z hory.
04:07
And when you're walking up the mountain
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A keď tak kráčate hore kopcom,
04:09
to attempt to do something
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aby ste sa pokúsili urobiť niečo,
04:11
which no human has ever done before, and, in fact, no fish --
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čo ešte žiadny človek dovtedy nespravil, a v skutočnosti ani žiadne ryby.
04:14
there are no fish up there swimming at 5,300 meters --
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Nie sú tam totiž žiadne ryby v 5.300 m n.m.
04:17
When you're trying to do that,
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Keď sa teda chystáte niečo také urobiť,
04:19
and then the bodies are coming past you,
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a potom vidíte tieto mŕtve tela, ktoré znášajú cestou dole okolo vás,
04:21
it humbles you,
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tak vás to robí pokornými,
04:23
and you also realize very, very clearly
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a tiež si rýchlo uvedomíte, a to veľmi, veľmi jasne,
04:25
that nature is so much more powerful
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že príroda je oveľa silnejšia
04:28
than we are.
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než sme my.
04:30
And we walked up this pathway,
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A šli sme hore po tejto ceste,
04:32
all the way up.
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celú cestu hore.
04:34
And to the right hand side of us
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A napravo od nás
04:36
was this great Khumbu Glacier.
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bol veľký ľadovec Khumbu.
04:38
And all the way along the glacier we saw
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A celú cestu pozdĺž tohto ľadovca sme videli
04:40
these big pools of melting ice.
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veľké jazerá topiaceho sa ľadu.
04:43
And then we got up to this small lake
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A potom sme sa dostali až k tomuto malému jazeru
04:46
underneath the summit of Mt. Everest,
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pod vrcholom Mt. Everestu,
04:48
and I prepared myself
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a ja som sa pripravil,
04:50
the same way as I've always prepared myself,
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rovnako ako som sa vždy pripravoval,
04:52
for this swim which was going to be so very difficult.
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na toto veľmi zložite plávanie.
04:54
I put on my iPod, I listened to some music,
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Nasadil som si môj iPod, počúval som nejakú hudbu,
04:57
I got myself as aggressive as possible --
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a nabudil som sa ako to len bolo možné --
04:59
but controlled aggression --
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kontrolovaná agresia --
05:01
and then I hurled myself
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a potom som sa hodil
05:03
into that water.
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do vody.
05:05
I swam as quickly as I could
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Plával som tak rýchlo, ako som mohol
05:08
for the first hundred meters,
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prvých sto metrov
05:10
and then I realized very, very quickly,
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a potom som si veľmi, veľmi rýchlo uvedomil,
05:12
I had a huge problem on my hands.
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že mám obrovský problém s rukami.
05:14
I could barely breathe.
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Ledva som dýchal.
05:16
I was gasping for air.
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Lapal som po dychu.
05:18
I then began to choke,
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Potom som sa začal dusiť,
05:20
and then it quickly led to me vomiting in the water.
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čo rýchlo viedlo k tomu, že som vracal vo vode.
05:23
And it all happened so quickly:
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A to všetko sa udialo tak rýchlo,
05:26
I then -- I don't know how it happened -- but I went underwater.
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že potom - ani neviem, ako sa to stalo - ale potápal som sa.
05:29
And luckily, the water was quite shallow,
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Ale našťastie, voda bola celkom plytká,
05:32
and I was able to push myself off the bottom of the lake
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a ja som bol som schopný sa odraziť odo dna jazera,
05:35
and get up and then take another gasp of air.
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postaviť sa a nadýchnuť sa.
05:38
And then I said, carry on. Carry on. Carry on.
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A potom som si povedal: Pokračuj. Pokračuj. Pokračuj.
05:40
I carried on for another five or six strokes,
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Vydržal som tak ešte ďalších päť alebo šesť záberov,
05:43
and then I had nothing in my body,
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a potom už nebolo z čoho brať,
05:46
and I went down to the bottom of the lake.
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a šiel som ku dnu.
05:48
And I don't where I got it from,
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Ani neviem, kde sa to vo mne zrazu vzalo,
05:50
but I was able to somehow
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ale bol som nejako schopný
05:52
pull myself up and as quickly as possible
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sa vytiahnuť a čo najrýchlejšie
05:55
get to the side of the lake.
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sa dostať na breh jazera.
05:58
I've heard it said that drowning
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Počul som, že utopenie
06:00
is the most peaceful death that you can have.
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je tou najpokojnejšou smrťou, ktorej sa vám môže dostať.
06:03
I have never, ever heard
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Nikdy som snáď nepočul
06:05
such utter bollocks.
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väčšiu blbosť.
06:07
(Laughter)
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(Smiech)
06:09
It is the most frightening and panicky feeling
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Je to ten najhroznejší a najpanickejší pocit,
06:12
that you can have.
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ktorý môžete zažiť.
06:14
I got myself to the side of the lake.
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Dostal som sa k brehu jazera.
06:16
My crew grabbed me,
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Môj tím ma schmatol,
06:18
and then we walked as quickly as we could
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a potom sme šli tak rýchlo, ako sme len mohli
06:20
down -- over the rubble --
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dole cez sutiny
06:22
down to our camp.
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do nášho tábora.
06:24
And there, we sat down,
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A tam sme si sadli
06:26
and we did a debrief about what had gone wrong
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a prebrali sme, kde nastala
06:29
there on Mt. Everest.
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na Evereste chyba.
06:31
And my team just gave it to me straight.
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A môj tím mi to povedal na rovinu.
06:34
They said, Lewis, you need to have
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Povedali, Lewis, musíš urobiť
06:36
a radical tactical shift
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radikálny taktický posun,
06:39
if you want to do this swim.
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ak to chceš zaplávať.
06:41
Every single thing which you have learned
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Každú maličkosť, ktorú si sa kedy naučil
06:43
in the past 23 years of swimming,
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za posledných 23 rokov čo plávaš,
06:45
you must forget.
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musíš zabudnúť.
06:47
Every single thing which you learned
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Každú maličkosť, ktorú si sa naučil,
06:49
when you were serving in the British army,
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keď si slúžil v britskej armáde,
06:51
about speed and aggression,
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o rýchlosti a agresivite,
06:53
you put that to one side.
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to daj stranou.
06:55
We want you to walk up the hill in another two days' time.
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Chceme od teba, aby si v po dvoch dňoch vyšiel späť.
06:58
Take some time to rest and think about things.
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Odpočiň si a popremýšľaj o veciach.
07:01
We want you to walk up the mountain in two days' time,
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Chceme, aby si to plávanie zopakoval o dva dni,
07:04
and instead of swimming fast,
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a namiesto rýchleho plávania,
07:07
swim as slowly as possible.
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plávaj tak pomaly, ako je to len možné.
07:09
Instead of swimming crawl, swim breaststroke.
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Miesto voľného štýlu, plávaj prsia.
07:12
And remember, never ever swim with aggression.
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A pamätaj, že nemáš plávať s agresivitou.
07:15
This is the time to swim
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Je čas zaplávať to
07:17
with real humility.
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so skutočnou pokorou.
07:19
And so we walked back up
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A tak sme vyšli späť do hôr
07:21
to the mountain two days later.
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o dva dni neskôr.
07:23
And I stood there
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A ako som tam stál
07:25
on the edge of the lake,
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na okraji jazera,
07:27
and I looked up at Mt. Everest --
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pozrel som sa na Mt. Everest --
07:29
and she is one of the most beautiful mountains on the earth --
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čo je jedno z najkrajších pohorí na Zemi --
07:32
and I said to myself, just do this slowly.
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a povedal som si, len to sprav pomaly.
07:35
And I swam across the lake.
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A preplával som to jazero.
07:37
And I can't begin to tell you
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A len ťažko vám môžem popísať,
07:39
how good I felt
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ako dobre som sa cítil,
07:41
when I came to the other side.
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keď som doplával na druhú stranu.
07:43
But I learned two very, very
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Ale naučil som sa dva veľmi, veľmi
07:45
important lessons there on Mt. Everest,
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dôležité lekcie na Mt. Evereste.
07:48
and I thank my team of Sherpas who taught me this.
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A ďakujem za ne môjmu tímu šerpov, ktorí ma ich naučil.
07:51
The first one is
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Prvá z nich je,
07:53
that just because something has worked in the past so well,
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že len preto, že v minulosti niečo fungovalo tak dobre,
07:56
doesn't mean it's going to work in the future.
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to ešte neznamená, že to bude fungovať i v budúcnosti.
07:59
And similarly,
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A taktiež,
08:01
now, before I do anything,
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teraz, predtým než čokoľvek spravím,
08:03
I ask myself what type of mindset
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sa opýtam sám seba, aký typ myslenia
08:05
do I require
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potrebujem,
08:07
to successfully complete a task.
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aby som úspešne splnil úlohu.
08:10
And taking that into the world of climate change --
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A keď to prenesiem do sveta zmien klímy,
08:13
which is, frankly,
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čo je, úprimne povedané,
08:15
the Mt. Everest of all problems --
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Mt. Everest všetkých problémov -
08:17
just because we've lived the way we have lived for so long,
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len preto, že žijeme štýlom akým žijeme už tak dlho,
08:20
just because we have consumed the way we have for so long
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len preto, že konzumujeme tak dlho týmto spôsobom
08:23
and populated the earth the way we have for so long,
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a osídľujeme Zem ako doposiaľ,
08:26
doesn't mean that we can carry on
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to neznamená, že môžeme daným
08:28
the way we are carrying on.
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spôsobom pokračovať i naďalej.
08:30
The warning signs are all there.
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Varovné príznaky sú všade okolo.
08:33
When I was born, the world's population
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Keď som sa narodil, svetová populácia
08:35
was 3.5 billion people.
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činila 3,5 miliárd ľudí.
08:37
We're now 6.8 billion people,
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Teraz nás je 6,8 miliardy,
08:40
and we're expected to be 9 billion people
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a očakáva sa, že nás bude 9 miliárd
08:42
by 2050.
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do roku 2050.
08:44
And then the second lesson,
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A potom tá druhá lekcia,
08:46
the radical, tactical shift.
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radikálny, taktický posun.
08:48
And I've come here to ask you today:
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A prišiel som sem sa vás dnes opýtať:
08:51
what radical tactical shift
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čo za radikálny taktický posun
08:54
can you take in your relationship to the environment,
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môžete spraviť vo svojom vzťahu k životnému prostrediu,
08:57
which will ensure
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ktorý zabezpečí,
08:59
that our children and our grandchildren
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že naše deti a vnúčatá
09:01
live in a safe world
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budú žiť v bezpečnom svete
09:03
and a secure world,
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a zabezpečenom svete,
09:05
and most importantly, in a sustainable world?
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a čo je najdôležitejšie, v udržateľnom svete?
09:08
And I ask you, please, to go away from here
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A žiadam vás, prosím, choďte
09:10
and think about that one
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a premýšľajte o tomto
09:12
radical tactical shift
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radikálnom taktickom posune,
09:14
which you could make,
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ktorý by ste mohli urobiť,
09:16
which will make that big difference,
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ktorí spraví veľký rozdiel,
09:18
and then commit a hundred percent to doing it.
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a potom sa naplno oddajte tomu aby ste ho zrealizovali.
09:21
Blog about it, tweet about it, talk about it,
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Blogujte o tom, tweetujte o tom, hovorte o tom,
09:24
and commit a hundred percent,
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a oddajte sa tomu naplno.
09:26
because very, very few things
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Pretože len veľmi, veľmi málo vecí,
09:28
are impossible to achieve
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je nemožno dosiahnuť,
09:30
if we really put our whole minds to it.
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ak sa raz odhodláme.
09:32
So thank you very, very much.
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Ďakujem vám veľmi pekne.
09:34
(Applause)
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(Potlesk)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Lewis Pugh - Coldwater swimmerPushing his body through epic cold-water swims, Lewis Gordon Pugh wants to draw attention to our global climate. He's just back from swimming in a meltwater lake on the slopes of Mount Everest.
Why you should listen
Lewis Gordon Pugh loves to pioneer new swimming routes around or between landmarks once thought unswimmable. In 2006, he swam the drought-stricken Thames; also that year he became the first swimmer to do a long-distance swim in all five oceans of the world. The following year, he made the first long-distance swim across the North Pole -- where climate change made the ice temporarily disappear. Heading into the second decade of his swimming career, he's regarded as the greatest cold-water swimmer in history.
His swims have given him a sea-level view of our planet, and inspired him to do his bit to help preserve it. He left a career in maritime law to become a public speaker on environmental issues with his group, Polar Defence Project -- and of course to plan more astonishing swims and treks. In September 2008, Pugh and Robbie Hedgus kayaked across the Arctic Ocean into the polar ice pack, to raise awareness of the thinning sea ice and the dangers of climate change in the Arctic and across the world. And at the end of May 2010 he swam 1 kilometer across Pumori, a meltwater lake situated next to the Khumbu Glacier on Mount Everest, at an altitude of 5300 meters, to draw attention to the melting of the Asian glaciers. He completed the swim -- the highest any person has undertaken -- in less than 23 minutes. "Glaciers are not just ice: they are a lifeline, they provide water to 2 billion people, and we need to protect them," he says.
Lewis Pugh | Speaker | TED.com