Alyson McGregor: Why medicine often has dangerous side effects for women
Alyson McGregor: Prečo má medicína často nebezpečné vedľajšie účinky pre ženy
Alyson McGregor studies women's health, especially as it relates to emergency care -- when time-sensitive, life-or-death decisions are made using drugs and treatments mainly tested on men. Full bio
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and the medications they're prescribing
a lieky, ktoré nám predpisuje,
always been the case for everyone.
vždy neplatilo pre každého.
over the past century
half the population?
in a medical emergency.
v prípade lekárskej pohotovosti.
Nie je to skvelé?
and stubbed toes,
a vytknutých malíčkov,
k nám na pohotovosť,
through the door to the ER,
nad pohlavím našich pacientov.
or gender of our patients.
any differences between men and women.
mužmi a ženami sú nejaké rozdiely.
zistila, že 80 % liekov
revealed that 80 percent of the drugs
na ženách
side effects on women
released to the market?
for a drug to go from an idea
kým sa z myšlienky
na bunkách v laboratóriách
a regulatory approval process,
to prescribe to you?
of dollars of funding
miliónoch a miliardách dolárov,
unacceptable side effects
neprijateľné vedľajšie účinky
after that has gone through?
po celom tomto procese?
used in that laboratory,
používané v tých laboratóriách
in the animal studies were male animals,
na zvieratá boli samce,
výlučne robili na mužoch.
performed almost exclusively on men.
our framework for medical research?
naším základom pre medicínsky výskum?
popularized in the media,
ktorý spopularizovali médiá,
na spanie s názvom Ambien.
with the sleep aid Ambien.
over 20 years ago,
miliónov receptov,
of prescriptions have been written,
poruchami spánku trpia častejšie ako muži.
suffer more sleep disorders than men.
odporučila zmenšiť dávky na polovicu
recommended cutting the dose in half
že ženy toto liečivo metabolizujú
that women metabolize the drug
in their system.
lieku v organizme.
getting behind the wheel of the car,
for motor vehicle accidents.
as an emergency physician,
ako lekár z pohotovosti,
that I've cared for over the years
ktorých som za tie roky ošetrila,
a reagovalo sa na ňu pred 20 rokmi,
and acted upon 20 years ago
to be analyzed by gender?
s ohľadom na pohlavie?
to protect people
potreba chrániť ľudí,
without informed consent.
bez ich informovaného súhlasu.
or rules were set into place,
alebo pravidiel sa už uskutočňujú
to protect women of childbearing age
chrániť ženy v plodnom veku,
medical research studies.
medicínskych výskumoch.
happened to the fetus during the study?
plodu počas výskumu?
at this time actually thought
are pretty homogeneous.
sú dosť homogénne.
fluctuating levels of hormones
hladiny hormónov,
mohli dostať na výskumoch s mužmi.
they could get if they had only men.
there was a general assumption
sa všeobecne predpokladalo,
were alike in every way,
v každom ohľade,
and sex hormones.
orgánov a pohlavných hormónov.
applied to women.
of women's health?
na ženské zdravie?
with reproduction:
maternica, tehotenstvo.
to as "bikini medicine."
bikini medicína.
until about the 1980s,
by the medical community
komunita lekárov
when they realized that
zdravotníctve, keď zistili,
medicínskeho výskumu
from all medical research studies
about the unique needs
o jedinečných potrebách
of evidence has come to light
obrovské množstvo dôkazov,
men and women are in every way.
muži a ženy v každom ohľade.
než normálni dospelí.
a different physiology than normal adults.
specialty of pediatrics came to light.
špecializácia pediatria.
in order to improve their lives.
aby sme im zlepšili život.
can be said about women.
with boobs and tubes.
s prsiami a potrubiami.
anatomy and physiology
with the same intensity.
s rovnakou intenzitou.
system, for example.
kardiovaskulárny systém.
to try to figure out
najviac pre to, aby zistila,
completely different heart attacks.
majú úplne iné infarkty.
for both men and women,
smrti číslo 1 u mužov aj u žien,
of having a heart attack than men.
zomrie viac žien ako mužov.
of crushing chest pain --
bolesť v hrudníku,
will complain of "just not feeling right,"
že sa „jednoducho necítia dobre“,
toto nazývame netypické,
women do make up half the population.
naozaj tvoria polovicu populácie.
to help explain some of these differences?
vysvetliť niektoré tieto rozdiely?
are smaller in women compared to men,
cievy vedúce do srdca,
develop disease is different
if someone is at risk for a heart attack,
či má niekto riziko infarktu,
and tested and perfected in men,
a testované a zdokonaľované na mužoch,
at determining that in women.
pri detekovaní rizika u žien.
about the medications --
that we use, like aspirin.
napríklad aspirín.
prevent them from having a heart attack,
aby sme im pomohli predísť infarktu,
give aspirin to a healthy woman,
aspirín zdravým ženám,
is a fast-paced business.
ktoré môžu zachrániť život,
ktoré by sme mohli využívať?
men and women that we could be utilizing?
get those runny noses
ľuďom tečie z nosa
to those stubbed toes
dávame tým so zlomenými malíčkami
every cell has a sex.
že každá bunka má pohlavie.
presents themselves in society.
prezentuje v spoločnosti.
transgendered population.
ktorá je transgender.
that from the moment of conception,
že od momentu počatia
the chromosomes that determine
ktoré určujú,
male or female, man or woman.
chromosomes pictured here --
pohlavie, ktoré vidíme tu,
would be born with ovaries or testes,
s vaječníkmi, alebo semenníkmi,
that those organs produced
produkované týmito orgánmi,
we see in the opposite sex.
ktoré vidíme v opačnom pohlaví.
that theory was wrong --
teória bola nesprávna,
from the Whitehead Institute,
Dr. Page z Whitehead Institute,
that those sex-determining chromosomes
že tieto chromozómy určujúce pohlavie,
for our entire lives
počas nášho celého života
for the differences we see
za rozdiely, ktoré vidíme
between men and women
medzi mužmi a ženami
and severity of diseases.
that continue to find that evidence,
ktorí stále hľadajú dôkazy,
to start translating this data
aby začali vykladať tieto údaje
of a national organization
spoluzakladateľkou národnej organizácie
Women's Health Collaborative,
Women's Health Collaborative,
so that it's available for teaching
aby boli prístupné pri učení
the medical educators to the table.
vďaka nám stretli medicínski učitelia.
has been done since its inception.
tréning robil od svojho počiatku.
of incorporating the gender lens
začlenenia pohľadu pohlavia
health care providers correctly.
zdravotnej starostlivosti.
the Department of Emergency Medicine
Oddelenia pohotovostnej medicíny
in Emergency Medicine,
v pohotovostnej medicíne,
the differences between men and women
rozdielov medzi mužmi a ženami
and sepsis and substance abuse,
otravy krvi a zneužívanie liekov,
that education is paramount.
model of education.
model vzdelávania.
for the nurses, for the students
pre sestričky, študentov
to the health care leaders.
na lídrov v zdravotnej starostlivosti.
we think about medicine
akým premýšľame o medicíne,
to the health care system.
zdravotnej starostlivosti.
to nerobili správne.
on the wheels of inevitability,
na kolieskach nevyhnutnosti,
towards change is awareness.
medical care for women.
medicínskej starostlivosti pre ženy.
individualized health care for everyone.
zdravotnej starostlivosti pre každého.
medical care for men and women.
zdravotnú starostlivosť pre mužov a ženy.
to ask your doctors
aby ste sa pýtali lekárov,
are specific to your sex and gender.
je prispôsobená vášmu pohlaviu a rodu.
and together we can all learn.
sa môžeme všetci učiť.
and my colleagues in this field,
kolegov v tejto branži
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Alyson McGregor - Women's health pioneerAlyson McGregor studies women's health, especially as it relates to emergency care -- when time-sensitive, life-or-death decisions are made using drugs and treatments mainly tested on men.
Why you should listen
Alyson J. McGregor MD is co-founder and director for the Sex and Gender in Emergency Medicine (SGEM) Division (formerly Women’s Health in Emergency Care) within the Department of Emergency Medicine at Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University.
Her group's aim is to establish research and educational endeavors that promote sex- and gender-specific medicine and women’s health as they relate to emergency care. Dr. McGregor received her medical degree at Boston University School of Medicine and residency training at Brown, where she continues to work as an attending physician at RI Hospital Emergency Department. Dr. McGregor is an Associate Professor of Emergency Medicine and also serves as co-director for the SGEM Fellowship and co-founder of the national organization Sex and Gender Women’s Health Collaborative.
Alyson McGregor | Speaker | TED.com