Alyson McGregor: Why medicine often has dangerous side effects for women
Alyson McGregor: Zašto lijekovi imaju opasne nuspojave za žene
Alyson McGregor studies women's health, especially as it relates to emergency care -- when time-sensitive, life-or-death decisions are made using drugs and treatments mainly tested on men. Full bio
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and the medications they're prescribing
i lijekovi koje nam prepisuju
s ciljem da nam pomognu.
always been the case for everyone.
over the past century
otkrivena tijekom prošlog stoljeća
half the population?
in a medical emergency.
s hitnim slučajevima.
Nije li to cool?
and stubbed toes,
i udarenih nožnih prstiju,
through the door to the ER,
vrata do sobe za pružanje hitne pomoći,
or gender of our patients.
i rodu naših pacijenata.
any differences between men and women.
ikakve razlike između muškaraca i žena.
revealed that 80 percent of the drugs
otkrilo je da je 80 % lijekova
nuspojave kod žena.
side effects on women
released to the market?
for a drug to go from an idea
da se lijek pretvori iz ideje
na stanicama u laboratoriju,
a regulatory approval process,
to prescribe to you?
mogao prepisati?
of dollars of funding
i milijarde dolara uloženih
unacceptable side effects
after that has gone through?
nakon što je lijek prošao sve to?
used in that laboratory,
korištene u laboratoriju
in the animal studies were male animals,
također su mužjaci,
performed almost exclusively on men.
gotovo isključivo na muškarcima.
our framework for medical research?
okvir rada za medicinska istraživanja?
popularized in the media,
with the sleep aid Ambien.
over 20 years ago,
prije više od 20 godina,
of prescriptions have been written,
prepisan stotine milijuna puta,
suffer more sleep disorders than men.
od poremećaja spavanja od muškaraca.
recommended cutting the dose in half
da se njegovo doziranje prepolovi
that women metabolize the drug
sporije probavljaju lijek
in their system.
getting behind the wheel of the car,
for motor vehicle accidents.
as an emergency physician,
ne mogu ne pomisliti
that I've cared for over the years
koje sam liječila tijekom godina
and acted upon 20 years ago
ti zaključci primijenili prije 20 godina
to be analyzed by gender?
trebaju analizirati po spolovima?
promijenio je puno toga,
to protect people
potreba za zaštitom ljudi
without informed consent.
istraživanja bez informiranog pristanka.
or rules were set into place,
nužne smjernice i pravila,
to protect women of childbearing age
žene koje su u reprodukcijskoj dobi
medical research studies.
medicinskim istraživanjima.
happened to the fetus during the study?
nešto ne dogodi tijekom istraživanja.
at this time actually thought
u to vrijeme zaista mislili
are pretty homogeneous.
fluctuating levels of hormones
they could get if they had only men.
dobivali istraživanjima s muškarcima.
there was a general assumption
o tome kako se vjerovalo
were alike in every way,
potpuno isti u svakom pogledu,
and sex hormones.
i spolnih hormona.
provodila su se na muškarcima,
applied to women.
kasnije su primijenjeni na žene.
of women's health?
with reproduction:
za reprodukciju:
to as "bikini medicine."
medicinom bikini-zone,
until about the 1980s,
by the medical community
medicinsko društvo
when they realized that
kad su shvatili
from all medical research studies
medicinskih istraživanjima,
about the unique needs
o jedinstvenim potrebama
of evidence has come to light
izašla na vidjelo
men and women are in every way.
muškarci i žene potpuno drugačiji.
a different physiology than normal adults.
fiziologiju od normalnih odraslih ljudi.
specialty of pediatrics came to light.
in order to improve their lives.
na djeci kako bismo im poboljšali živote.
can be said about women.
with boobs and tubes.
s grudima i jajovodom -
anatomy and physiology
with the same intensity.
istim intenzitetom.
system, for example.
to try to figure out
completely different heart attacks.
potpuno različite srčane udare.
for both men and women,
i muškaraca i žena,
of having a heart attack than men.
nakon doživljenog srčanog udara.
of crushing chest pain --
na teške bolove u prsima -
will complain of "just not feeling right,"
"jednostavno ne osjećaju dobro",
women do make up half the population.
žene čine polovicu populacije.
to help explain some of these differences?
neke od ovih razlika?
are smaller in women compared to men,
kod žena su manje nego kod muškaraca,
develop disease is different
te krvne žile razvijaju bolesti
if someone is at risk for a heart attack,
opasnost od srčanog udara
and tested and perfected in men,
i usavršen na muškarcima,
at determining that in women.
u utvrđivanju opasnosti kod žena.
about the medications --
that we use, like aspirin.
lijekovi poput aspirina.
prevent them from having a heart attack,
u svrhu prevencije srčanog udara,
give aspirin to a healthy woman,
ukoliko aspirin date zdravoj ženi,
is a fast-paced business.
koji se bave spašavanjem života,
men and women that we could be utilizing?
i žena koje bismo mogli koristiti?
get those runny noses
to those stubbed toes
koje dajemo za udarene nožne prste
every cell has a sex.
da svaka stanica ima spol.
presents themselves in society.
predstavlja u društvu,
transgendered population.
kod transrodnih pojedinaca.
that from the moment of conception,
da od trenutka začeća
the chromosomes that determine
male or female, man or woman.
muškarac ili žena.
chromosomes pictured here --
i koji su prikazani ovdje -
would be born with ovaries or testes,
s jajnicima ili s testisima,
that those organs produced
koje su ti organi proizvodili
we see in the opposite sex.
na suprotnom spolu.
that theory was wrong --
from the Whitehead Institute,
s Instituta Whitehead
that those sex-determining chromosomes
da ti kromosomi koji određuju spol,
u svakoj stanici našeg tijela,
for our entire lives
cijelih naših života
for the differences we see
za razlike koje vidimo
between men and women
između muškaraca i žena
and severity of diseases.
pojedine bolesti.
that continue to find that evidence,
pronalaze takve dokaze,
to start translating this data
da počnu proučavati te podatke
of a national organization
suosnovala sam državnu organizaciju
Women's Health Collaborative,
so that it's available for teaching
kako bi bilo dostupno za poučavanje
the medical educators to the table.
da okupimo profesore medicine.
has been done since its inception.
medicinska obuka još od njezinih začetaka.
of incorporating the gender lens
uključivanja i uvažavanja spola
health care providers correctly.
budućih zdravstvenih djelatnika.
the Department of Emergency Medicine
Odjela za prvu pomoć
in Emergency Medicine,
u medicini prve pomoći"
the differences between men and women
utvrdili razlike između muškaraca i žena
and sepsis and substance abuse,
sepse i zlouporabe droga,
that education is paramount.
i obrazovanje najvažniji.
model of education.
od 360 stupnjeva.
for the nurses, for the students
za medicinske sestre, za studente
to the health care leaders.
samo zdravstvenim djelatnicima.
we think about medicine
na koji razmišljamo o medicini,
to the health care system.
prema zdravstvenom sustavu,
da smo nešto radili krivo.
on the wheels of inevitability,
na krilima neizbježnosti,
towards change is awareness.
medical care for women.
zdravstvene skrbi za žene,
individualized health care for everyone.
osobnije zdravstvene skrbi za sve.
medical care for men and women.
zdravstvenu skrb za muškarce i žene.
to ask your doctors
da pitate svoje liječnike
are specific to your sex and gender.
prilagođena vašem spolu i rodu.
odgovoriti na to pitanje -
and together we can all learn.
a zajedno svi možemo učiti.
and my colleagues in this field,
na ovom području
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Alyson McGregor - Women's health pioneerAlyson McGregor studies women's health, especially as it relates to emergency care -- when time-sensitive, life-or-death decisions are made using drugs and treatments mainly tested on men.
Why you should listen
Alyson J. McGregor MD is co-founder and director for the Sex and Gender in Emergency Medicine (SGEM) Division (formerly Women’s Health in Emergency Care) within the Department of Emergency Medicine at Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University.
Her group's aim is to establish research and educational endeavors that promote sex- and gender-specific medicine and women’s health as they relate to emergency care. Dr. McGregor received her medical degree at Boston University School of Medicine and residency training at Brown, where she continues to work as an attending physician at RI Hospital Emergency Department. Dr. McGregor is an Associate Professor of Emergency Medicine and also serves as co-director for the SGEM Fellowship and co-founder of the national organization Sex and Gender Women’s Health Collaborative.
Alyson McGregor | Speaker | TED.com