ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Marc Kushner - Architect
With Architizer, an online hub for architecture, Marc Kushner is breaking architecture out of its insular echo chamber and reconnecting the public with buildings.

Why you should listen
Marc Kushner is a practicing architect who splits his time between designing buildings at HWKN, the architecture firm he cofounded, and amassing the world’s architecture on the website he runs, Architizer.com. Both have the same mission: to reconnect the public with architecture.
 
Kushner’s core belief is that architecture touches everyone -- and everyone is a fan of architecture, even if they don’t know it yet. New forms of media empower people to shape the built environment, and that means better buildings, which make better cities, which make a better world. To that end he wrote the TED Book The Future of Architecture in 100 Buildings, published in March 2015, to challenge the public to help shape tomorrow's designs.
More profile about the speaker
Marc Kushner | Speaker | TED.com
TED2014

Marc Kushner: Why the buildings of the future will be shaped by ... you

Marc Kushner: Zakaj boste zgradbe prihodnosti oblikovali ... vi

Filmed:
3,735,933 views

"Pri arhitekturi ne gre za matematiko ali coniranje - ampak za visceralna čustva," pravi Marc Kushner. V obširnem - pogosto smešnem - govoru hiti skozi zadnjih 30 let arhitekture, da bi pokazal, kako je javnost, ki nekoč ni imela nič s tem, postala sestavni del procesa oblikovanja. S pomočjo družbenih omrežij povratne informacije dosežejo arhitekte leta, preden je zgradba sploh končana. Rezultat? Arhitektura, ki bo za nas naredila več kot kadarkoli prej.
- Architect
With Architizer, an online hub for architecture, Marc Kushner is breaking architecture out of its insular echo chamber and reconnecting the public with buildings. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:13
TodayDanes I'm going to speakgovoriti to you
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Danes vam bom govoril
o zadnjih 30 letih arhitekturne zgodovine.
00:15
about the last 30 yearslet
of architecturalarhitekturno historyzgodovina.
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00:19
That's a lot to packpakiranje into 18 minutesminut.
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To je dosti za samo 18 minut.
00:22
It's a complexkompleksno topictemo,
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Je kompleksna tema,
00:23
so we're just going to divepotapljanje right in
at a complexkompleksno placemesto:
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zato bomo vanjo skočili
na kompleksnem mestu:
00:28
NewNove JerseyJersey.
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New Jersey.
00:29
Because 30 yearslet agonazaj, I'm from JerseyJersey,
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Zato, ker pred 30 leti,
jaz sem iz Jerseyja,
00:32
and I was sixšest, and I livedživel there
in my parents'staršev househiša
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bil sem šest let star,
živel pa sem pri starših
00:36
in a townmesto calledpozval LivingstonLivingston,
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v mestecu Livingston
00:38
and this was my childhoodotroštvo bedroomspalnica.
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in to je bila moja otroška spalnica.
00:41
Around the cornerkotiček from my bedroomspalnica
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Za vogalom moje sobe
00:44
was the bathroomkopalnica
that I used to sharedeliti with my sistersestra.
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je bila kopalnica,
ki sem si jo delil s svojo sestro.
00:47
And in betweenmed my bedroomspalnica and the bathroomkopalnica
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Med mojo sobo in kopalnico
00:50
was a balconybalkon that overlookedprezrte
the familydružina roomsoba.
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je bil balkon,
ki je nudil razgled na dnevno sobo.
00:53
And that's where everyonevsi
would hangvisi out and watch TVTV,
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Tam so se vsi družili in gledali TV,
00:57
so that everyvsak time that I walkedhodil
from my bedroomspalnica to the bathroomkopalnica,
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tako da vsakič,
ko sem šel od sobe do kopalnice,
01:01
everyonevsi would see me,
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so me vsi videli,
01:02
and everyvsak time I tookvzel a showertuš
and would come back in a towelbrisačo,
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in vsakič, ko sem se stuširal
in se vrnil v brisači,
01:06
everyonevsi would see me.
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so me vsi videli.
01:08
And I lookedpogledal like this.
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Izgledal pa sem takole.
01:10
I was awkwardnerodno,
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Bil sem neroden,
01:13
insecurenegotov, and I hatedsovražil it.
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negotov in sovražil sem to.
01:15
I hatedsovražil that walkhodi, I hatedsovražil that balconybalkon,
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Sovražil sem tisto hojo,
sovražil sem tisti balkon,
01:18
I hatedsovražil that roomsoba, and I hatedsovražil that househiša.
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sovražil sem tisto sobo
in sovražil sem tisto hišo.
01:22
And that's architecturearhitektura.
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No, to je arhitektura.
01:24
(LaughterSmeh)
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(smeh)
01:26
DoneOpravljeno.
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Končano.
01:28
That feelingobčutek, those emotionsčustev that I feltčutil,
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Ta občutek, ta čustva, ki sem jih občutil,
01:31
that's the powermoč of architecturearhitektura,
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to je moč arhitekture,
01:34
because architecturearhitektura is not about mathmatematika
and it's not about zoningobmočje,
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ker pri arhitekturi ne gre za matematiko
in ne gre za coniranje,
01:37
it's about those visceralvisceralno,
emotionalčustveno connectionspovezave
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ampak za tiste visceralne,
čustvene povezave
01:41
that we feel to the placesmesta that we occupyzasedajo.
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ki jih čutimo do prostorov, v katerih smo.
01:44
And it's no surprisepresenečenje
that we feel that way,
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In nobeno presenečenje ni,
da tako čutimo,
saj ameriška agencija
za varovanje okolja (EPA) pravi,
01:47
because accordingglede na to the EPAEPA,
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01:49
AmericansAmeričani spendporabiti 90 percentodstotkov
of theirnjihovi time indoorsv zaprtih prostorih.
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da Američani 90 odstotkov svojega časa
preživijo v zaprtih prostorih.
01:54
That's 90 percentodstotkov of our time
surroundedobdan by architecturearhitektura.
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To je 90 odstotkov našega časa
obkroženi z arhitekturo.
01:59
That's hugeogromno.
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To je ogromno.
02:00
That meanssredstva that architecturearhitektura is shapingoblikovanje us
in waysnačinov that we didn't even realizeuresničiti.
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To pomeni, da nas arhitektura oblikuje
na načine, ki se jih sploh ne zavedamo.
02:05
That makesnaredi us a little bitbit gulliblelahkoverni
and very, very predictablepredvidljiv.
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To nas naredi nekoliko lahkoverne
in zelo zelo predvidljive.
02:11
It meanssredstva that when I showshow you
a buildingstavbe like this,
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To pomeni,
da ko vam pokažem takšno zgradbo,
02:14
I know what you think:
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vem, kaj si mislite:
02:15
You think "powermoč"
and "stabilitystabilnost" and "democracydemokracija."
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Mislite si "moč" in "stabilnost"
in "demokracija."
02:19
And I know you think that
because it's basedtemelji on a buildingstavbe
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In vem, da si to mislite,
ker temelji na zgradbi,
02:22
that was buildzgraditi 2,500 yearslet agonazaj
by the GreeksGrki.
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ki so je Grki zgradili pred 2.500 leti.
02:26
This is a tricktrik.
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In v tem je trik.
02:27
This is a triggersprožilec that architectsarhitekti use
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To je sprožilec,
ki ga arhitekti uporabijo,
02:30
to get you to createustvarite
an emotionalčustveno connectionpovezavo
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da bi ustvarili čustveno povezavo
02:34
to the formsobrazce that we buildzgraditi
our buildingszgradbe out of.
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z oblikami,
iz katerih gradimo svoje zgradbe.
02:37
It's a predictablepredvidljiv emotionalčustveno connectionpovezavo,
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To je predvidljiva čustvena povezava
02:39
and we'vesmo been usinguporabo this tricktrik
for a long, long time.
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in ta trik uporabljamo že zelo zelo dolgo.
02:43
We used it [200] yearslet agonazaj to buildzgraditi banksbanke.
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Pred [200] leti smo ga uporabili
za gradnjo bank.
02:46
We used it in the 19thth centurystoletje
to buildzgraditi artumetnost museumsmuzeji.
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V 19. stoletju smo ga uporabili
za gradnjo muzejev.
02:50
And in the 20thth centurystoletje in AmericaAmerika,
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In v 20. stoletju ga v Ameriki
02:52
we used it to buildzgraditi houseshiše.
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uporabljamo za gradnjo hiš.
02:54
And look at these solidtrdna,
stablestabilen little soldiersvojaki
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Poglejte te trdne, neomajne majhne vojake,
02:56
facingsooča the oceanocean
and keepingvzdrževanje away the elementselementi.
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obrnjene proti oceanu,
zadržujoč vremenske neprilike.
03:00
This is really, really usefulkoristno,
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To je res res uporabno,
03:02
because buildingstavbe things is terrifyingzastrašujoče.
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saj je gradnja grozljiva.
03:06
It's expensivedraga, it takes a long time,
and it's very complicatedzapleteno.
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Je draga, zahteva veliko časa
in je zelo komplicirana.
03:10
And the people that buildzgraditi things --
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Ljudje, ki gradijo -
03:13
developersrazvijalci and governmentsvlade --
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razvijalci in vlade -
03:15
they're naturallynaravno afraidstrah of innovationinovacije,
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pa se po naravi bojijo inovacij
03:18
and they'doni bi ratherprecej just use those formsobrazce
that they know you'llboš respondodgovoriti to.
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in raje uporabijo kar oblike,
za katere vedo, da se boste odzvali nanje.
03:23
That's how we endkonec up
with buildingszgradbe like this.
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Zato končamo z zgradbami, kot je ta.
03:26
This is a nicelepo buildingstavbe.
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To je prijetna zgradba.
03:27
This is the LivingstonLivingston PublicJavnosti LibraryKnjižnica
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To je Livingstonska javna knjižnica,
03:30
that was completedzaključen in 2004 in my hometowndomače mesto,
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ki so jo dokončali v 2004
v mojem rojstnem mestecu
03:33
and, you know, it's got a domekupola
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in, veste, ima kupolo
03:34
and it's got this roundokrogla thing
and columnsstolpci, redrdeča brickopeka,
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in tole okroglo zadevo
in stebre, rdeče opeke,
03:38
and you can kindvrste of guessugibati what LivingstonLivingston
is tryingposkušam to say with this buildingstavbe:
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in nekako lahko uganete, kaj poskuša
Livingstone s to zgradbo sporočiti:
03:43
childrenotroci, propertynepremičnine valuesvrednosti and historyzgodovina.
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otroci, vrednosti nepremičnin
in zgodovina.
03:47
But it doesn't have much to do
with what a libraryknjižnica actuallydejansko does todaydanes.
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Vendar to nima veliko veze s tem,
kar knjižnica danes dejansko počne.
03:52
That sameenako yearleto, in 2004,
on the other sidestran of the countrydržava,
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Istega leta, 2004, na drugi strani države
03:56
anotherdrugo libraryknjižnica was completedzaključen,
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so dokončali še eno knjižnico,
03:58
and it looksizgleda like this.
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ki zgleda takole.
03:59
It's in SeattleSeattle.
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Je v Seattlu.
04:02
This libraryknjižnica is about how
we consumeporabijo mediamediji in a digitaldigitalni agestarost.
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Ta knjižnica predstavlja,
kako v digitalni dobi konzumiramo medije.
04:07
It's about a newnovo kindvrste
of publicjavnost amenityrekreacijsko for the citymesto,
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Gre za novo vrsto javnega dobra za mesto,
04:11
a placemesto to gatherzbrati and readpreberite and sharedeliti.
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kraj za zbiranje, branje in deljenje.
04:15
So how is it possiblemogoče
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Kako je torej mogoče,
04:16
that in the sameenako yearleto,
in the sameenako countrydržava,
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da v istem letu v isti državi
04:20
two buildingszgradbe, bothoboje calledpozval librariesknjižnice,
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dve zgradbi, obe knjižnici,
04:22
look so completelypopolnoma differentdrugačen?
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izgledata tako različno?
04:25
And the answerodgovor is that architecturearhitektura worksdela
on the principlenačelo of a pendulumnihalo.
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Odgovor je ta, da arhitektura
deluje po principu nihala.
04:31
On the one sidestran is innovationinovacije,
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Na eni strani je inovacija
04:34
and architectsarhitekti are constantlynenehno pushingpotiskanje,
pushingpotiskanje for newnovo technologiestehnologije,
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in arhitekti konstantno težijo
k novim tehnologijam,
04:38
newnovo typologiestipologije, newnovo solutionsrešitve
for the way that we livev živo todaydanes.
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novim tipologijam, novim rešitvam
za načine, kako danes živimo.
04:41
And we pushpush and we pushpush and we pushpush
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In pritiskamo, pritiskamo, pritiskamo,
04:44
untildo we completelypopolnoma alienateodtujila all of you.
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dokler vas vseh popolnoma ne odtujimo.
04:46
We wearobrabo all blackčrna, we get very depresseddepresivno,
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Oblečeni smo v črno,
postanemo zelo depresivni,
04:49
you think we're adorablečudovit,
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zdimo se vam prisrčni,
04:51
we're deadmrtev insideznotraj because
we'vesmo got no choiceizbira.
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navznoter smo mrtvi, ker nimamo izbire.
04:54
We have to go to the other sidestran
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Moramo na drugo stran
04:56
and reengageponovno vzpostavijo those symbolssimboli
that we know you love.
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in ponovno uporabiti simbole,
za katere vemo, da jih imate radi.
05:00
So we do that, and you're happyvesel,
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To naredimo in vi ste srečni,
05:02
we feel like selloutssellouts,
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mi pa se počutimo prodane
05:04
so we startZačni experimentingeksperimentiranje again
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in znova začnemo eksperimentirati
05:06
and we pushpush the pendulumnihalo back
and back and forthnaprej and back and forthnaprej
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in potisnemo nihalo nazaj,
naprej in nazaj, naprej in nazaj,
05:09
we'vesmo goneizginil for the last 300 yearslet,
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in to že zadnjih 300 let
05:11
and certainlyzagotovo for the last 30 yearslet.
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in zagotovo zadnjih 30 let.
05:14
Okay, 30 yearslet agonazaj
we were comingprihajajo out of the '70s.
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V redu, pred 30 leti
smo prihajali iz sedemdesetih.
05:18
ArchitectsArhitekti had been busyzaseden experimentingeksperimentiranje
with something calledpozval brutalismbrutalizem.
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Arhitekti so eksperimentirali
s tako imenovanim brutalizmom.
05:22
It's about concretebeton.
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Gre za beton.
05:23
(LaughterSmeh)
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(smeh)
05:25
You can guessugibati this.
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To lahko uganete.
05:26
SmallMala windowsokna, dehumanizingdehumaniziranje scaleobsega.
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Majhna okna, razčlovečena merila.
05:29
This is really toughtežko stuffstvari.
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To je res surovo.
05:32
So as we get closerbližje to the '80s,
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Ko pa se bližamo osemdesetim,
05:35
we startZačni to reengageponovno vzpostavijo those symbolssimboli.
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ponovno začnemo uporabljati tiste simbole.
05:37
We pushpush the pendulumnihalo
back into the other directionsmer.
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Nihalo potisnemo nazaj v drugo smer.
05:40
We take these formsobrazce that we know you love
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Vzamemo oblike, za katere vemo,
da jih imate radi
05:43
and we updatenadgradnja them.
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in jih posodobimo.
05:45
We adddodaj neonneon
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Dodamo neonke
05:47
and we adddodaj pastelspasteli
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in dodamo pastelne barve
05:49
and we use newnovo materialsmaterialov.
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in uporabimo nove materiale.
05:51
And you love it.
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In vi to obožujete.
05:52
And we can't give you enoughdovolj of it.
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In ne moremo vam dati dovolj tega.
05:54
We take ChippendaleChippendale armoiresArmoires
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Vzamemo Chippendale omare
05:56
and we turnedobrnjen those into skyscrapersnebotičnikov,
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in jih spremenimo v nebotičnike,
05:59
and skyscrapersnebotičnikov can be
medievalsrednjeveški castlesgradovi madeizdelane out of glasssteklo.
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nebotičniki pa so lahko
srednjeveški gradovi iz stekla.
06:04
FormsOblike got bigvelik,
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Oblike so postale velike,
06:05
formsobrazce got boldkrepko and colorfulbarvita.
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pogumne in barvite.
06:08
DwarvesŠkrati becamepostati columnsstolpci.
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Škrati so postali stebri.
06:11
(LaughterSmeh)
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(smeh)
06:12
SwansLabodi grewnaraščal to the sizevelikost of buildingszgradbe.
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Labodi so zrasli do velikosti zgradb.
06:14
It was crazynoro.
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Noro je bilo.
06:16
But it's the '80s, it's coolkul.
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A osemdeseta so, to je kul.
06:20
(LaughterSmeh)
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(smeh)
06:21
We're all hangingvisi out in mallscentri
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Vsi se družimo v nakupovalnih središčih
06:23
and we're all movingpremikanje to the suburbspredmestja,
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in vsi se selimo v predmestja,
06:26
and out there, out in the suburbspredmestja,
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tam zunaj v predmestjih pa
06:28
we can createustvarite our ownlastno
architecturalarhitekturno fantasiesfantazije.
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lahko ustvarjamo lastne
arhitekturne fantazije.
06:32
And those fantasiesfantazije,
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Te fantazije
06:33
they can be MediterraneanSredozemlje
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pa so lahko mediteranske
06:35
or Frenchfrancoščina
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ali francoske
06:37
or Italianitalijanščina.
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ali italijanske.
06:39
(LaughterSmeh)
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(smeh)
Po možnosti z neomejeno
količino krušnih palčk.
06:40
PossiblyMorda with endlessneskončno breadsticksbreadsticks.
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06:42
This is the thing about postmodernismpostmodernizem.
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Tako je to s postmodernizmom.
06:44
This is the thing about symbolssimboli.
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Tako je to s simboli.
06:46
They're easyenostavno, they're cheappoceni,
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Preprosti so, poceni,
06:49
because insteadnamesto tega of makingizdelavo placesmesta,
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ker namesto ustvarjanja prostorov,
06:52
we're makingizdelavo memoriesspomini of placesmesta.
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ustvarjamo spomine na prostore.
06:55
Because I know,
and I know all of you know,
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Ker vem,
in vem, da tudi vsi vi veste,
06:57
this isn't TuscanyToskana.
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da to ni Toskana.
07:00
This is OhioOhio.
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To je Ohio.
07:01
(LaughterSmeh)
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(smeh)
07:02
So architectsarhitekti get frustratedrazočaran,
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Arhitekti postanejo frustrirani
07:04
and we startZačni pushingpotiskanje the pendulumnihalo
back into the other directionsmer.
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in začnemo potiskati nihalo
nazaj v drugo smer.
07:08
In the latepozen '80s and earlyzgodaj '90s,
149
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V poznih osemdesetih
in zgodnjih devetdesetih
07:10
we startZačni experimentingeksperimentiranje with something
calledpozval deconstructivismdeconstructivism.
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začnemo eksperimentirati
s tako imenovanim dekonstruktivizmom.
07:14
We throwmetati out historicalzgodovinski symbolssimboli,
151
422727
2746
Znebimo se zgodovinskih simbolov,
07:17
we relyzanašajte se on newnovo, computer-aidedračunalniško podprto
designoblikovanje techniquestehnike,
152
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3846
zanašamo se na nove, računalniško podprte
tehnike oblikovanja
07:21
and we come up with newnovo compositionsskladbe,
153
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1957
in pridemo do novih kompozicij,
07:23
formsobrazce crashingtreskav into formsobrazce.
154
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kjer oblike trčijo v oblike.
07:26
This is academicakademski and headynavdušeni stuffstvari,
155
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3023
To so akademske in močne stvari,
07:29
it's supersuper unpopularnepriljubljene,
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1851
zelo nepriljubljene,
07:31
we totallypopolnoma alienateodtujila you.
157
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popolnoma vas odtujimo.
07:32
OrdinarilyObičajno, the pendulumnihalo would just
swingswing back into the other directionsmer.
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Navadno bi nihalo zanihalo
nazaj v drugo smer.
07:37
And then, something amazingneverjetno happenedse je zgodilo.
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A potem se je zgodilo nekaj neverjetnega.
07:40
In 1997, this buildingstavbe openedodprta.
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Leta 1997 so odprli to zgradbo.
07:43
This is the GuggenheimGuggenheim BilbaoBilbao,
by FrankFrank GehryGehry.
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To je Guggenheim Bilbao,
Franka Gehryja.
07:48
And this buildingstavbe
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In ta zgradba
07:49
fundamentallytemeljito changesspremembe
the world'ssvetovno relationshiprazmerje to architecturearhitektura.
163
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je do temeljev spremenila
odnos sveta do arhitekture.
07:54
PaulPaul GoldbergerGoldberger said that BilbaoBilbao
was one of those rareredko momentstrenutke
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3900
Paul Goldberger je rekel, da je bil
Bilbao eden od tistih redkih trenutkov,
07:58
when criticskritiki, academicsakademiki,
and the generalsplošno publicjavnost
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ko so se kritiki, akademiki
in splošna javnost
08:01
were completelypopolnoma unitedzdruženi around a buildingstavbe.
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popolnoma zedinili glede zgradbe.
08:05
The NewNove YorkYork TimesKrat
calledpozval this buildingstavbe a miraclečudež.
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New York Times je to zgradbo
oklical za čudež.
08:09
TourismTurizem in BilbaoBilbao increasedpovečal 2,500 percentodstotkov
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Turizem v Bilbau
se je povišal za 2.500 odstotkov,
08:14
after this buildingstavbe was completedzaključen.
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ko je bila ta zgradba končana.
08:16
So all of a suddennenadoma, everybodyvsi
wants one of these buildingszgradbe:
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484885
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Tako kar naenkrat
vsi želijo eno od teh zgradb:
08:21
L.A.,
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Los Angeles,
08:23
SeattleSeattle,
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Seattle,
08:25
ChicagoChicago,
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Chicago,
08:26
NewNove YorkYork,
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New York,
08:28
ClevelandCleveland,
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Cleveland,
08:30
SpringfieldSpringfield.
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Springfield.
08:31
(LaughterSmeh)
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(smeh)
08:32
EverybodyVsi wants one,
and GehryGehry is everywherepovsod.
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Vsi želijo svojo in Gehry je povsod.
08:36
He is our very first starchitectstarchitect.
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Je naš čisto prvi zvezdniški arhitekt.
08:39
Now, how is it possiblemogoče
that these formsobrazce --
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4876
Kako je mogoče, da te oblike -
08:44
they're wilddivji and radicalradikalno --
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1905
divje so in radikalne -
08:46
how is it possiblemogoče that they becomepostane
so ubiquitouspovsod throughoutves čas the worldsvet?
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kako je mogoče, da postanejo
tako vseprisotne širom po svetu?
08:51
And it happenedse je zgodilo because mediamediji
so successfullyuspešno galvanizedPocinkana around them
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519270
5496
To se je zgodilo zato, ker so se mediji
tako uspešno navduševali nad njimi,
08:56
that they quicklyhitro taughtučil us
that these formsobrazce mean culturekulturo and tourismturizem.
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da so nas hitro naučili,
da te oblike pomenijo kulturo in turizem.
09:03
We createdustvarjeno an emotionalčustveno
reactionreakcija to these formsobrazce.
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Ustvarili smo čustven odziv na te oblike.
09:06
So did everyvsak mayoržupan in the worldsvet.
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Tako kot vsak župan na svetu.
Vsak župan je torej vedel,
da če bodo imeli te oblike,
09:08
So everyvsak mayoržupan knewvedel
that if they had these formsobrazce,
187
536967
2502
09:11
they had culturekulturo and tourismturizem.
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bodo imeli kulturo in turizem.
09:15
This phenomenonfenomen
at the turnobrat of the newnovo millenniumtisočletja
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Ta fenomen se je na prelomu tisočletja
09:18
happenedse je zgodilo to a fewmalo other starchitectsstarchitects.
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zgodil še nekaj zvezdniškim arhitektom.
09:20
It happenedse je zgodilo to ZahaZaha
191
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2383
Zgodilo se je Zahi
09:22
and it happenedse je zgodilo to LibeskindLibeskind,
192
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2399
in zgodilo se je Libeskindu,
09:25
and what happenedse je zgodilo
to these eliteelita fewmalo architectsarhitekti
193
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4614
in kar se je zgodilo nekaterim
od teh elitnih arhitektov
09:29
at the turnobrat of the newnovo millenniumtisočletja
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1756
na prelomu tisočletja,
09:31
could actuallydejansko startZačni to happense zgodi
to the entirecelotno fieldpolje of architecturearhitektura,
195
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bi se v resnici lahko začelo dogajati
celotnemu področju arhitekture,
09:35
as digitaldigitalni mediamediji startsse začne
to increaseporast the speedhitrost
196
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3238
ker digitalni mediji začenjajo
zviševati hitrost,
09:38
with whichki we consumeporabijo informationinformacije.
197
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1815
s katero konzumiramo informacije.
09:41
Because think about
how you consumeporabijo architecturearhitektura.
198
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Razmislite, kako konzumirate arhitekturo.
09:44
A thousandtisoč yearslet agonazaj,
199
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1215
Pred tisoč leti
09:45
you would have had to have walkedhodil to
the villagevas nextNaslednji doorvrata to see a buildingstavbe.
200
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bi se morali sprehoditi do sosednje vasi,
da bi videli zgradbo.
09:49
TransportationPrevoz speedshitrosti up:
201
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1630
Prevoz se pohitri:
09:51
You can take a boatčoln, you can take a planeletalo,
you can be a touristturist.
202
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3000
lahko greste s čolnom ali letalom,
lahko postanete turist.
09:54
TechnologyTehnologija speedshitrosti up:
You can see it in a newspaperčasopis, on TVTV,
203
582166
2897
Tehnologija se pohitri:
lahko jo vidite v časopisu, na TV,
09:57
untildo finallykončno, we are all
architecturalarhitekturno photographersfotografi,
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dokler nismo na koncu
vsi arhitekturni fotografi
10:01
and the buildingstavbe has becomepostane
disembodiedločeni from the sitestran.
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3900
in zgradba postane
izvzeta iz svojega mesta.
10:06
ArchitectureArhitektura is everywherepovsod now,
206
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3547
Arhitektura je zdaj povsod
10:10
and that meanssredstva that
the speedhitrost of communicationkomunikacija
207
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in to pomeni, da je hitrost komunikacije
10:13
has finallykončno caughtujet up
to the speedhitrost of architecturearhitektura.
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končno dosegla hitrost arhitekture.
10:17
Because architecturearhitektura
actuallydejansko movespremakne quitečisto quicklyhitro.
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605409
2470
Arhitektura se namreč kar hitro premika.
10:19
It doesn't take long
to think about a buildingstavbe.
210
607903
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Ne traja dolgo, da si zamislite zgradbo.
10:22
It takes a long time to buildzgraditi a buildingstavbe,
211
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Dolgo traja, da jo zgradite,
10:24
threetri or fourštiri yearslet,
212
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tri ali štiri leta,
10:27
and in the interimzačasni, an architectarhitekt
will designoblikovanje two or eightosem
213
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3668
vmes pa bo arhitekt oblikoval dve ali osem
10:30
or a hundredsto other buildingszgradbe
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ali sto drugih zgradb,
10:33
before they know if that buildingstavbe
that they designedzasnovan fourštiri yearslet agonazaj
215
621492
3691
preden bo vedel, ali je tista zgradba,
ki jo je oblikoval pred štirimi leti,
10:37
was a successuspeh or not.
216
625207
1878
bila uspešna ali ne.
10:39
That's because there's never been
a good feedbackpovratne informacije loopzanke in architecturearhitektura.
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627690
3549
To pa zato, ker v arhitekturi
nikoli ni bilo dobre povratne informacije.
10:44
That's how we endkonec up
with buildingszgradbe like this.
218
632416
2892
Zato končamo z zgradbami, kot je ta.
10:47
BrutalismBrutalizem wasn'tni bilo a two-yeardva-leto movementpremikanje,
219
635332
2940
Brutalizem ni bil dveletno gibanje,
10:50
it was a 20-yearleto movementpremikanje.
220
638296
1871
bil je 20-letno gibanje.
10:52
For 20 yearslet, we were producingproizvajajo
buildingszgradbe like this
221
640383
3818
20 let smo gradili zgradbe, kot je ta,
10:56
because we had no ideaideja
how much you hatedsovražil it.
222
644225
2868
ker nismo vedeli, kako zelo jih sovražite.
11:00
It's never going to happense zgodi again,
223
648284
2800
To se ne bo nikoli več zgodilo,
11:03
I think,
224
651108
2130
vsaj mislim,
11:05
because we are livingživeti on the vergerob
of the greatestnajvečji revolutionrevolucija in architecturearhitektura
225
653262
6100
ker živimo na pragu
največje revolucije v arhitekturi
11:11
sinceod the inventionizum of concretebeton,
226
659386
2369
od izuma betona,
11:13
of steeljeklo, or of the elevatordvigalo,
227
661779
2454
jekla ali dvigala,
11:16
and it's a mediamediji revolutionrevolucija.
228
664257
1682
in sicer revolucije medijev.
11:19
So my theoryteorija is that when
you applyveljajo mediamediji to this pendulumnihalo,
229
667072
4660
Moja teorija je, da ko
na to nihalo dodate medije,
11:23
it startsse začne swingingmahati fasterhitreje and fasterhitreje,
230
671756
2861
začne vedno hitreje nihati,
11:26
untildo it's at bothoboje extremesekstremi
nearlyskoraj simultaneouslyhkrati,
231
674641
3738
dokler ni na obeh ekstremih
skoraj sočasno,
11:30
and that effectivelyučinkovito blursbriše the differenceRazlika
betweenmed innovationinovacije and symbolsimbol,
232
678403
4968
to pa uspešno zamegli razliko
med inovacijo in simbolom,
11:35
betweenmed us, the architectsarhitekti,
and you, the publicjavnost.
233
683395
3375
med nami, arhitekti, in vami, javnostjo.
11:39
Now we can make nearlyskoraj instantaneoustrenutno,
emotionallyčustveno chargedzaračuna symbolssimboli
234
687342
6060
Zdaj lahko skoraj v hipu naredimo
čustveno nabite simbole
11:45
out of something that's brandznamka newnovo.
235
693426
1689
iz nečesa, kar je popolnoma novo.
11:48
Let me showshow you how this playsigra out
236
696453
1733
Naj vam pokažem, kako se to odvije
na projektu, ki ga je moje podjetje
nedavno zaključilo.
11:50
in a projectprojekt that my firmtrdno
recentlypred kratkim completedzaključen.
237
698210
2166
11:52
We were hirednajel to replacezamenjati this buildingstavbe,
whichki burnedspali down.
238
700829
3475
Najeli so nas, da nadomestimo
to zgradbo, ki je pogorela.
11:56
This is the centercenter of a townmesto
calledpozval the PinesBorov
239
704304
2469
To je center mesteca Pines
na otoku Fire v zvezni državi New York.
11:58
in FireOgenj IslandOtok in NewNove YorkYork StateDržava.
240
706797
1746
12:00
It's a vacationpočitnice communityskupnosti.
241
708567
1413
To je dopustniško naselje.
12:02
We proposedpredlagano a buildingstavbe that was audaciousdrzno,
242
710729
3753
Predlagali smo zgradbo, ki je bila drzna,
12:06
that was differentdrugačen than any of the formsobrazce
that the communityskupnosti was used to,
243
714506
3651
ki je bila drugačna od vseh oblik,
ki jih je skupnost bila vajena
12:10
and we were scaredprestrašen
and our clientodjemalec was scaredprestrašen
244
718181
4521
in bilo nas je strah
in našo stranko je bilo strah
12:14
and the communityskupnosti was scaredprestrašen,
245
722726
1763
in skupnost je bilo strah,
12:16
so we createdustvarjeno a seriesserije
of photorealisticfotorealistične renderingsprikazovalniki
246
724513
4156
zato smo pripravili serijo
fotorealističnih upodobitev,
12:20
that we put ontona FacebookFacebook
247
728693
1378
ki smo jih dali na Facebook
12:22
and we put ontona InstagramInstagram,
248
730095
2126
in na Instragram
12:24
and we let people startZačni
to do what they do:
249
732245
2321
in pustili, da ljudje začnejo početi,
kar počnejo:
12:26
sharedeliti it, commentkomentar, like it, hatesovraštvo it.
250
734590
2701
delijo, komentirajo, všečkajo, sovražijo.
12:30
But that meantpomeni that two yearslet
before the buildingstavbe was completepopolna,
251
738232
4330
A to je pomenilo, da je dve leti,
preden je bila zgradba dokončana,
12:34
it was alreadyže a partdel of the communityskupnosti,
252
742586
3328
že bila del skupnosti,
12:37
so that when the renderingsprikazovalniki
lookedpogledal exactlytočno like the finishedkončal productizdelek,
253
745938
6266
tako da, ko so upodobitve
izgledale natanko tako kot končni produkt,
12:44
there were no surprisespresenečenj.
254
752228
1960
ni bilo presenečenj.
12:46
This buildingstavbe was alreadyže a partdel
of this communityskupnosti,
255
754212
3888
Ta zgradba je že bila del te skupnosti
12:50
and then that first summerpoletje,
256
758124
2285
in potem tisto prvo poletje,
12:52
when people startedzačel arrivingprihod
and sharingdelitev the buildingstavbe on socialsocialno mediamediji,
257
760433
3918
ko so ljudje začeli prihajati
in deliti zgradbo na družbenih omrežjih,
12:56
the buildingstavbe ceasedprenehala to be just an edificezgradba
and it becamepostati mediamediji,
258
764375
5487
je zgradba prenehala biti samo stavba
in je postala medij,
13:01
because these, these are not
just picturesslike of a buildingstavbe,
259
769886
3783
ker to niso samo slike zgradbe,
13:05
they're your picturesslike of a buildingstavbe.
260
773693
2387
to so vaše slike zgradbe.
13:08
And as you use them to tell your storyzgodba,
261
776527
3287
In ko jih uporabljate,
da poveste svojo zgodbo,
13:11
they becomepostane partdel
of your personalosebno narrativepripoved,
262
779838
2708
postanejo del vaše osebne pripovedi
13:14
and what you're doing
is you're short-circuitingKratki stik
263
782570
3548
in s tem v bistvu delate kratek stik
13:18
all of our collectivekolektiv memoryspomin,
264
786142
2250
v našem kolektivnem spominu
13:20
and you're makingizdelavo these chargedzaračuna symbolssimboli
for us to understandrazumeti.
265
788416
3855
in ustvarjate te naelektrene simbole,
ki jih razumemo.
13:25
That meanssredstva we don't need
the GreeksGrki anymoreveč
266
793187
2289
To pomeni, da več ne potrebujemo Grkov,
13:27
to tell us what to think
about architecturearhitektura.
267
795500
2618
da nam povedo,
kaj si naj mislimo o arhitekturi.
13:30
We can tell eachvsak other
what we think about architecturearhitektura,
268
798142
4025
Lahko drug drugemu povemo,
kaj si mislimo o arhitekturi,
13:34
because digitaldigitalni mediamediji hasn'tni just changedspremenjeno
the relationshiprazmerje betweenmed all of us,
269
802191
5771
ker digitalni mediji niso spremenili
samo odnosov med vsemi nami,
13:39
it's changedspremenjeno the relationshiprazmerje
betweenmed us and buildingszgradbe.
270
807986
3529
spremenili so tudi odnos
med nami in zgradbami.
13:44
Think for a seconddrugič about
those librariansknjižničarji back in LivingstonLivingston.
271
812614
3118
Za trenutek pomislite na tiste
knjižničarje v Livingstonu.
13:48
If that buildingstavbe was going
to be builtzgrajeno todaydanes,
272
816390
2415
Če bi tisto zgradbo želeli zgraditi danes,
13:50
the first thing they would do is go onlinena spletu
and searchIskanje "newnovo librariesknjižnice."
273
818829
4644
bi najprej šli na splet
in poiskali "nove knjižnice".
13:55
They would be bombardedbombardiran by examplesprimeri
of experimentationeksperimentiranje, of innovationinovacije,
274
823705
5270
Preplavili bi jih
primeri eksperimentiranja in inovacij,
14:00
of pushingpotiskanje at the envelopeovojnico
of what a libraryknjižnica can be.
275
828999
3188
premikanja mej tega,
kar je lahko knjižnica.
14:04
That's ammunitionstreliva.
276
832998
1343
To je strelivo.
14:06
That's ammunitionstreliva
that they can take with them
277
834846
2335
To je strelivo,
ki ga lahko vzamejo in nesejo
županu Livingstona, ljudem Livingstona
14:09
to the mayoržupan of LivingstonLivingston,
to the people of LivingstonLivingston,
278
837205
3125
14:12
and say, there's no one answerodgovor
to what a libraryknjižnica is todaydanes.
279
840354
3959
in rečejo, da ne obstaja enoten odgovor
na to, kaj vse je lahko knjižnica danes.
14:16
Let's be a partdel of this.
280
844337
1485
Bodimo del tega.
14:18
This abundanceobilje of experimentationeksperimentiranje
281
846287
2866
To obilje eksperimentiranja
14:21
givesdaje them the freedomsvobodo
to runteči theirnjihovi ownlastno experimentposkus.
282
849177
3059
jim daje svobodo,
da naredijo svoj eksperiment.
14:26
Everything is differentdrugačen now.
283
854452
2212
Zdaj je vse drugače.
14:28
ArchitectsArhitekti are no longerdlje
these mysteriousskrivnostno creaturesbitja
284
856664
3355
Arhitekti niso več ta skrivnostna bitja,
14:32
that use bigvelik wordsbesede
and complicatedzapleteno drawingsrisbe,
285
860043
2495
ki uporabljajo velike besede
in komplicirane risbe,
14:34
and you aren'tne the haplessnesrečni publicjavnost,
286
862562
2960
in vi niste več nesrečna javnost,
14:37
the consumerpotrošnika that won'tne bo acceptsprejema
anything that they haven'tne seenvidel anymoreveč.
287
865546
3535
potrošniki, ki ne bodo sprejeli ničesar,
kar še niso videli.
14:42
ArchitectsArhitekti can hearslišite you,
288
870980
1733
Arhitekti vas lahko slišijo
14:44
and you're not intimidatedustrahovani
by architecturearhitektura.
289
872737
2104
in vas arhitektura ne ustrahuje.
14:47
That meanssredstva that that pendulumnihalo
swingingmahati back and forthnaprej
290
875770
3382
To pomeni, da nihalo,
ki niha naprej in nazaj,
14:51
from styleslog to styleslog,
from movementpremikanje to movementpremikanje,
291
879176
2978
od stila k stilu, od gibanja k gibanju,
14:54
is irrelevantnepomemben.
292
882178
1281
ni več pomembno.
14:55
We can actuallydejansko movePremakni se forwardnaprej
293
883680
2600
Lahko gremo naprej
14:58
and find relevantpomembno solutionsrešitve
to the problemstežave that our societydružbo facesobrazi.
294
886304
4366
in najdemo ustrezne rešitve za težave,
s katerimi se sooča naša družba.
15:03
This is the endkonec of architecturalarhitekturno historyzgodovina,
295
891757
3442
To je konec arhitekturne zgodovine
15:07
and it meanssredstva that
the buildingszgradbe of tomorrowjutri
296
895223
2868
in pomeni, da bodo jutrišnje zgradbe
15:10
are going to look a lot differentdrugačen
than the buildingszgradbe of todaydanes.
297
898115
3163
videti precej drugačne od današnjih.
15:14
It meanssredstva that a publicjavnost spaceprostor
in the ancientstarodavne citymesto of SevilleSeville
298
902389
4408
To pomeni, da je javni prostor
v starodavnem mestu Sevilji
15:18
can be uniqueedinstven and tailoredprilagojene
to the way that a modernmoderno citymesto worksdela.
299
906821
4184
lahko edinstven in prikrojen
načinu, kako funkcionira moderno mesto.
15:23
It meanssredstva that a stadiumstadion in BrooklynBrooklyn
can be a stadiumstadion in BrooklynBrooklyn,
300
911992
4419
To pomeni, da je stadion v Brooklynu
lahko stadion v Brooklynu
15:28
not some red-brickrdeče opeke historicalzgodovinski pastichepastiša
301
916435
2762
in ne nek posnetek zgodovine
iz rdečih opek,
15:31
of what we think a stadiumstadion oughtmoralo to be.
302
919221
2480
za kar mislimo, da predstavlja,
kako bi stadion naj izgledal.
15:34
It meanssredstva that robotsroboti are going
to buildzgraditi our buildingszgradbe,
303
922540
2833
To pomeni, da bodo roboti
gradili naše zgradbe,
15:37
because we're finallykončno readypripravljen for the formsobrazce
that they're going to produceproizvajajo.
304
925397
3617
ker smo končno pripravljeni na oblike,
ki jih bodo proizvajali.
15:41
And it meanssredstva that buildingszgradbe
will twisttwist to the whimsmuhe of naturenarava
305
929842
3851
In to pomeni, da se bodo zgradbe
prilagajale kapricam narave
15:45
insteadnamesto tega of the other way around.
306
933717
1803
in ne obratno.
15:48
It meanssredstva that a parkingparkiranje garagegaraža
in MiamiMiami BeachBeach, FloridaFlorida,
307
936676
3604
To pomeni, da je parkirna hiša
na Miami Beach na Floridi
15:52
can alsotudi be a placemesto for sportsšport
308
940304
2484
lahko tudi prostor za šport
15:54
and for yogaJoga
309
942812
1379
in za jogo,
15:56
and you can even
get marriedporočen there latepozen at night.
310
944215
2579
pozno ponoči
pa se lahko tam tudi poročite.
15:58
(LaughterSmeh)
311
946818
1024
(smeh)
15:59
It meanssredstva that threetri architectsarhitekti
can dreamsanje about swimmingplavanje
312
947866
4163
To pomeni, da lahko trije arhitekti
sanjajo o plavanju
16:04
in the EastVzhod RiverReka of NewNove YorkYork,
313
952053
1920
v reki East River v New Yorku,
16:05
and then raisedvigni nearlyskoraj
halfpol a millionmilijonov dollarsdolarjev
314
953997
2490
potem pa zberejo
skoraj pol milijona dolarjev
16:08
from a communityskupnosti
that gatheredzbranih around theirnjihovi causevzrok,
315
956511
3328
od skupnosti, ki je podprla njihov namen,
16:11
no one clientodjemalec anymoreveč.
316
959863
1730
ni več samo enega naročnika.
16:14
It meanssredstva that no buildingstavbe
is too smallmajhna for innovationinovacije,
317
962765
2901
To pomeni, da nobena zgradba
ni premajhna za inovacijo,
16:17
like this little reindeersevernih jelenov pavilionpaviljon
318
965690
2198
kot tale paviljon za severne jelene,
16:19
that's as musclymuscly and sinewymišični
as the animalsživali it's designedzasnovan to observeopazujejo.
319
967912
5091
ki je mišičast in žilav kot živali,
za opazovanje katerih je narejen.
16:25
And it meanssredstva that a buildingstavbe
doesn't have to be beautifullepo
320
973808
2738
In to pomeni,
da zgradba ne rabi biti lepa,
16:28
to be lovableljubezniv,
321
976570
1293
da bi jo lahko imeli radi,
16:29
like this uglygrdo little buildingstavbe in SpainŠpanija,
322
977887
3015
kot ta grda mala zgradba v Španiji,
16:32
where the architectsarhitekti dugizkopali a holeluknjo,
323
980926
2481
kjer so arhitekti izkopali luknjo,
16:35
packedpakirani it with hayseno,
324
983431
1382
jo napolnili s senom,
16:36
and then pouredvlije concretebeton around it,
325
984837
2333
potem pa okoli tega nalili beton
16:39
and when the concretebeton driedsušimo,
326
987194
1640
in ko se je beton posušil,
16:40
they invitedpovabljeni someonenekdo to come
and cleančisto that hayseno out
327
988858
3560
so povabili nekoga, da pride
počistit to seno,
16:44
so that all that's left when it's doneKončano
328
992442
2931
tako da je na koncu ostala le
16:47
is this hideousodvraten little roomsoba
329
995397
2675
ta majhna nagravžna sobica,
16:50
that's fillednapolnjena with the imprintsodtisi
and scratchesprask of how that placemesto was madeizdelane,
330
998096
5954
ki je napolnjena z odtisi in praskami
od tega, kako je bila narejena
16:56
and that becomespostane the mostnajbolj sublimesublimno placemesto
to watch a Spanishšpanščina sunsetsončni zahod.
331
1004074
4484
in to postane najbolj sublimno mesto
za opazovanje španskega sončnega zahoda.
17:01
Because it doesn't matterzadevo
if a cowkrava buildsgradi our buildingszgradbe
332
1009658
3355
Ker ni pomembno,
ali naše zgradbe gradi krava
17:05
or a robotrobot buildsgradi our buildingszgradbe.
333
1013037
1810
ali robot.
17:06
It doesn't matterzadevo how we buildzgraditi,
it matterszadeve what we buildzgraditi.
334
1014871
3348
Ni pomembno, kako gradimo,
pomembno je, kaj gradimo.
17:10
ArchitectsArhitekti alreadyže know how
to make buildingszgradbe that are greenernovinec
335
1018899
3425
Arhitekti že vedo, kako narediti zgradbe,
ki bodo bolj ekološke
17:14
and smarterpametnejši and friendlierprijaznejši.
336
1022348
2158
in pametnejše in prijaznejše.
17:16
We'veSmo just been waitingčakanje
for all of you to want them.
337
1024530
2574
Čakali smo le na vas, da si jih želite.
17:20
And finallykončno, we're not
on oppositenasprotno sidesstrani anymoreveč.
338
1028022
3328
In končno nismo več na nasprotnih straneh.
17:23
Find an architectarhitekt, hirenajem an architectarhitekt,
339
1031957
2972
Najdite arhitekta, najemite arhitekta,
17:26
work with us to designoblikovanje better buildingszgradbe,
better citiesmesta, and a better worldsvet,
340
1034953
5817
delajte z nami na oblikovanju boljših
zgradb, boljših mest in boljšega sveta,
17:32
because the stakesdelnice are highvisoko.
341
1040794
2240
ker je veliko na kocki.
17:35
BuildingsStavb don't just reflectodražajo our societydružbo,
they shapeobliko our societydružbo
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1043635
5190
Zgradbe niso samo odraz družbe,
ampak oblikujejo našo družbo
17:40
down to the smallestnajmanjši spacesprostori:
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1048849
2052
vse do najmanjših prostorov:
17:42
the locallokalno librariesknjižnice,
344
1050925
2004
lokalnih knjižnic,
17:44
the homesdomove where we raisedvigni our childrenotroci,
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1052953
2429
domov, v katerih vzgajamo svoje otroke,
17:47
and the walkhodi that they take
from the bedroomspalnica to the bathroomkopalnica.
346
1055406
3193
in njihove hoje od spalnice do kopalnice.
17:51
Thank you.
347
1059288
1100
Hvala.
17:52
(ApplauseAplavz)
348
1060412
3000
(aplavz)
Translated by Matej Divjak
Reviewed by Nika Kotnik

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Marc Kushner - Architect
With Architizer, an online hub for architecture, Marc Kushner is breaking architecture out of its insular echo chamber and reconnecting the public with buildings.

Why you should listen
Marc Kushner is a practicing architect who splits his time between designing buildings at HWKN, the architecture firm he cofounded, and amassing the world’s architecture on the website he runs, Architizer.com. Both have the same mission: to reconnect the public with architecture.
 
Kushner’s core belief is that architecture touches everyone -- and everyone is a fan of architecture, even if they don’t know it yet. New forms of media empower people to shape the built environment, and that means better buildings, which make better cities, which make a better world. To that end he wrote the TED Book The Future of Architecture in 100 Buildings, published in March 2015, to challenge the public to help shape tomorrow's designs.
More profile about the speaker
Marc Kushner | Speaker | TED.com

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