TEDSalon NY2013
Malcolm Gladwell: The unheard story of David and Goliath
Malcolm Gladwell: Historia e padëgjuar e Davidit dhe Goliathit
Filmed:
Readability: 3.8
7,134,861 views
Eshte histori klasike e viktimes: Davidi, nje bari i ri i armatosur vetem me hobe, mund Goliathin, luftetarin e fuqishem. Historia ka kapercyer origjinen e vet biblike per tu bere nje krahasim per fitoret e pamundura. Por, Malcolm Gladwell pyet, a është kjo historia e vertete e Davidit dhe Goliathit?
Malcolm Gladwell - Writer
Detective of fads and emerging subcultures, chronicler of jobs-you-never-knew-existed, Malcolm Gladwell's work is toppling the popular understanding of bias, crime, food, marketing, race, consumers and intelligence. Full bio
Detective of fads and emerging subcultures, chronicler of jobs-you-never-knew-existed, Malcolm Gladwell's work is toppling the popular understanding of bias, crime, food, marketing, race, consumers and intelligence. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
So I wanted to tell a story
0
536
1283
Deshiroj t'ju tregoj nje histori
00:13
that really obsessed me when I was writing my new book,
1
1819
3472
e cila me obsesionoi kur po e shkruaja librin tim te ri,
00:17
and it's a story of something that happened
2
5291
3547
eshte nje histori qe ka ndodhur
00:20
3,000 years ago,
3
8838
1573
3,000 vite me pare,
00:22
when the Kingdom of Israel was in its infancy.
4
10411
3227
kur Mbreteria e Izraleit ishte ne fillimet e saj.
00:25
And it takes place in an area called the Shephelah
5
13638
2732
Zhvillohet ne nje zone te quajtur Shepelah
00:28
in what is now Israel.
6
16370
2330
e cila tani quhet Izrael.
00:30
And the reason the story obsessed me is that
7
18700
2248
Arsyeja pse kjo histori me obsesionoi eshte se
00:32
I thought I understood it, and then I went back over it
8
20948
3086
une mendoja se e kuptoja, por kur iu ktheva perseri
00:36
and I realized that I didn't understand it at all.
9
24034
4106
vura re se nuk e kisha kuptuar aspak.
00:40
Ancient Palestine had a -- along its eastern border,
10
28140
4817
Palestina e lashte ka nje varg malor
00:44
there's a mountain range.
11
32957
1316
ne pjesen lindore te kufirit.
00:46
Still same is true of Israel today.
12
34273
1859
E njejta gje eshte e vertete ne Izrael edhe ne ditet e sotme.
00:48
And in the mountain range are all of the ancient cities
13
36132
2933
Ne vargun malor ndodhen te gjitha qytetet antike
00:51
of that region, so Jerusalem, Bethlehem, Hebron.
14
39065
4458
te atij rajoni, Jeruzalemi, Betelhemi, Hebroni.
00:55
And then there's a coastal plain
15
43523
2225
Dhe pastaj gjendet nje fushe bregdetare
00:57
along the Mediterranean, where Tel Aviv is now.
16
45748
3355
pergjate Mesdheut, ku gjendet sot Tel Avivi.
01:01
And connecting the mountain range with the coastal plain
17
49103
3400
Ajo qe lidh vargun malor me fushen bregdetare
01:04
is an area called the Shephelah,
18
52503
1933
eshte nje zone e quajtur Shephelah,
01:06
which is a series of valleys and ridges that run east to west,
19
54436
4419
e cila perbehet varg luginash e krestash \
qe kalojne nga lindja ne perendim,
qe kalojne nga lindja ne perendim,
01:10
and you can follow the Shephelah, go through the Shephelah
20
58855
3179
dhe ju mund te ndiqni Shephelahun, te kaloni neper te,
01:14
to get from the coastal plain to the mountains.
21
62034
2753
per te shkuar nga fusha bregdetare drejt maleve.
01:16
And the Shephelah, if you've been to Israel, you'll know
22
64787
1694
Dhe Shephelahu, nese keni qene ne Izrael, ju duhet ta dini
01:18
it's just about the most beautiful part of Israel.
23
66481
2408
se eshte pjesa me bukur e Izraelit.
01:20
It's gorgeous, with forests of oak
24
68889
2918
Eshte e mrekullushme, me pyje lisash,
01:23
and wheat fields and vineyards.
25
71807
2415
fusha me grure dhe vreshta.
01:26
But more importantly, though, in the history of that region,
26
74222
3379
Por cka eshte me e rendesishme, ne historine e rajonit
01:29
it's served, it's had a real strategic function,
27
77601
3765
ajo ka pasur nje funksion strategjik,
01:33
and that is, it is the means by which hostile armies
28
81366
2913
dhe kjo per faktin se, ajo ishte rruga qe ndiqnin ushtrite armike
01:36
on the coastal plain find their way,
29
84279
2583
per te shkuar nga fushat bregdetare
01:38
get up into the mountains and threaten those living in the mountains.
30
86862
3622
drejt maleve per te kercenuar ata qe jetonin atje.
01:42
And 3,000 years ago, that's exactly what happens.
31
90484
3027
3,000 vite me pare, ndodhi pikerisht e njejta gje.
01:45
The Philistines, who are the biggest of enemies
32
93511
4277
Filistejte, te cilet ishin armiqte me te medhenje
01:49
of the Kingdom of Israel,
33
97788
1502
te Mbreterise se Izraelit,
01:51
are living in the coastal plain.
34
99290
1712
jetonin ne fushen bregdetare.
01:53
They're originally from Crete. They're a seafaring people.
35
101002
3296
Ata kishin origjine nga Kreta. Ishin nje fis detaresh.
01:56
And they may start to make their way
36
104298
2423
Dhe ata nisen rrugen e tyre
01:58
through one of the valleys of the Shephelah
37
106721
2240
permes njeres prej luginave te Shephelah
02:00
up into the mountains,
38
108961
1167
drejt maleve,
02:02
because what they want to do is occupy the highland area
39
110128
2256
sepse ata donin te pushtonin zonen malore
02:04
right by Bethlehem and split the Kingdom of Israel in two.
40
112384
4001
afer Bethlehemit dhe te ndanin Mbreterine e Izraelit ne dy.
02:08
And the Kingdom of Israel, which is headed by King Saul,
41
116385
3265
Mbreteria e Izraelit, e cila udhehiqej nga Mbreti Saul,
02:11
obviously catches wind of this,
42
119650
1733
padyshim qe e nuhati kete,
02:13
and Saul brings his army down from the mountains
43
121383
2869
dhe Saul sjell ushtrine e tij nga malet
02:16
and he confronts the Philistines in the Valley of Elah,
44
124252
3655
ai perballet me Filistinet ne Luginen e Elahut,
02:19
one of the most beautiful of the valleys of the Shephelah.
45
127907
2458
nje nder luginat me te bukura te Shephelah.
02:22
And the Israelites dig in along the northern ridge,
46
130365
2868
Izraelitet u pozicionuan pergjate vargmalit verior,
02:25
and the Philistines dig in along the southern ridge,
47
133233
4257
ndersa Filistejte pergjate vargmalit jugor,
02:29
and the two armies just sit there for weeks
48
137490
2735
dhe dy ushtrite qendruan aty me jave te tera
02:32
and stare at each other, because they're deadlocked.
49
140225
2122
duke pare njera tjetren, sepse u gjenden te bllokuara.
02:34
Neither can attack the other, because to attack the other side
50
142347
2473
Nuk mundeshin te sulmonin njeri tjetrin,
sepse per te sulmuar kundershtarin
sepse per te sulmuar kundershtarin
02:36
you've got to come down the mountain into the valley
51
144820
3256
duhej te zbrisje poshte malit ne lugine
02:40
and then up the other side, and you're completely exposed.
52
148076
2517
dhe perseri lart ne anen tjeter,
ku ju do te gjendeshin krejtesisht te ekspozuar.
ku ju do te gjendeshin krejtesisht te ekspozuar.
02:42
So finally, to break the deadlock,
53
150593
2192
Perfundimisht, per te thyer bllokaden,
02:44
the Philistines send their mightiest warrior
54
152785
3214
Filistejte derguan luftetarin e tyre te madherishem
02:47
down into the valley floor, and he calls out
55
155999
2477
poshte tek lugina, ku ai therriti
02:50
and he says to the Israelites,
56
158476
1456
duke iu drejtuar Izraeliteve,
02:51
"Send your mightiest warrior down,
57
159932
2628
" Dergoni luftetarin me te fuqishem,
02:54
and we'll have this out, just the two of us."
58
162560
2007
keshtu i japim fund gjithe kesaj, vetem ne te dy."
02:56
This was a tradition in ancient warfare called single combat.
59
164567
3835
Kjo ishte tradite ne luftimin antik e quajtur beteje teke.
03:00
It was a way of settling disputes
60
168402
1795
Ishte një mënyrë për zgjidhjen e mosmarrëveshjeve
03:02
without incurring the bloodshed of a major battle.
61
170197
4124
qe shmangte gjakderdhjen e një beteje të madhe.
03:06
And the Philistine who is sent down,
62
174321
2960
Dhe Filisteu i cili u dergua,
03:09
their mighty warrior, is a giant.
63
177281
2167
luftetari plotfuqishem, ishte nje gjigand.
03:11
He's 6 foot 9.
64
179448
1775
Ai eshte i gjate 205 cm.
03:13
He's outfitted head to toe in this glittering bronze armor,
65
181223
4713
Eshte i pajisur nga koka te kembet me rroba bronz te blinduara
03:17
and he's got a sword and he's got a javelin
66
185936
3059
dhe ka shpate dhe shtize.
03:20
and he's got his spear. He is absolutely terrifying.
67
188995
2728
Ai eshte absolutisht i frikshem.
03:23
And he's so terrifying that none of the Israelite soldiers want to fight him.
68
191723
4490
Ai eshte aq i frikshem saqe asnje ushtar Izraelit
nuk ka deshire te luftoje me te.
nuk ka deshire te luftoje me te.
03:28
It's a death wish, right? There's no way they think they can take him.
69
196213
4635
Eshte si t'u urosh vetes vdekjen, apo jo? Askush prej tyre nuk besonte se mund t'a mundte ate.
03:32
And finally the only person who will come forward
70
200848
2293
Dhe ne fund i vetmi person i cili do te bej nje hap para
03:35
is this young shepherd boy,
71
203141
2511
eshte nje bari i ri,
03:37
and he goes up to Saul and he says, "I'll fight him."
72
205652
2678
dhe shkon tek Saul dhe i thote, "Do te luftoj une kunder tij."
03:40
And Saul says, "You can't fight him. That's ridiculous.
73
208330
3118
Dhe Sauli thote, " Ti nuk mund te luftosh me te.
Kjo eshte qesharake.
Kjo eshte qesharake.
03:43
You're this kid. This is this mighty warrior."
74
211448
2322
Ti je vetem nje djalosh. Ai eshte luftetar i fuqishem."
03:45
But the shepherd is adamant. He says, "No, no, no,
75
213770
2423
Por bariu kembengul. Ai thote, " Jo, jo, jo,
03:48
you don't understand, I have been defending my flock
76
216193
2993
ju nuk me kuptoni, une kam vite qe mbroj tufen time
03:51
against lions and wolves for years. I think I can do it."
77
219186
4169
kunder luanve dhe ujqerve. Mendoj se mund t'ia dal."
03:55
And Saul has no choice. He's got no one else who's come forward.
78
223355
3214
Dhe Sauli nuk ka zgjidhje tjeter.
Askush tjeter nuk po del vullnetar.
Askush tjeter nuk po del vullnetar.
03:58
So he says, "All right."
79
226569
1341
Keshtu qe thote, "Ne rregull."
03:59
And then he turns to the kid, and he says,
80
227910
1212
Dhe pastaj i kthehet djaloshit , dhe i thote,
04:01
"But you've got to wear this armor. You can't go as you are."
81
229122
3694
" Por ti duhet te veshesh kete parzmore.
Nuk mund te shkosh keshtu."
Nuk mund te shkosh keshtu."
04:04
So he tries to give the shepherd his armor,
82
232816
2403
Keshtu ai tenton t'i jape bariut parzmoren e tij,
04:07
and the shepherd says, "No."
83
235219
1251
dhe bariu thote, " Jo"
04:08
He says, "I can't wear this stuff."
84
236470
2413
Thote, " Une nuk mund te vesh gjera te tilla."
04:10
The Biblical verse is, "I cannot wear this for I have not proved it,"
85
238883
4074
Vargu biblik eshte keshtu, " une nuk mund te vesh kete
nese nuk e kam provuar me pare,"
nese nuk e kam provuar me pare,"
04:14
meaning, "I've never worn armor before. You've got to be crazy."
86
242957
3177
qe do te thote, " Une kurre nuk kam veshur
parzmore me pare. Ju duhet te jeni çmendur."
parzmore me pare. Ju duhet te jeni çmendur."
04:18
So he reaches down instead on the ground
87
246134
2606
Por ai perkulet ne toke,
04:20
and picks up five stones
88
248740
1755
merr 5 gurë
04:22
and puts them in his shepherd's bag
89
250495
2461
dhe i vendos ne çanten e bariut,
04:24
and starts to walk down the mountainside to meet the giant.
90
252956
4512
dhe fillon te ece poshte malit per te takuar gjigandin.
04:29
And the giant sees this figure approaching,
91
257468
2206
Gjigandi sheh se dikush po afrohet
04:31
and calls out, "Come to me so I can feed your flesh
92
259674
3143
dhe therret, " Eja tek une qe t'ia ushqej trupin tend
04:34
to the birds of the heavens and the beasts of the field."
93
262817
3977
zogjve te parajses dhe bishave te fushes."
04:38
He issues this kind of taunt towards this person
94
266794
3435
Ai leshon kete tallje drejt ketij personi
04:42
coming to fight him.
95
270229
1735
qe vjen per ta luftuar ate.
04:43
And the shepherd draws closer and closer,
96
271964
3346
Dhe bariu afrohet gjithnje e me shume,
04:47
and the giant sees that he's carrying a staff.
97
275310
2988
dhe gjigandi sheh qe ai ka kerrabe me vete.
04:50
That's all he's carrying.
98
278298
1172
Kjo eshte gjithcka ai ka marre me vete.
04:51
Instead of a weapon, just this shepherd's staff,
99
279470
1868
Ne vend te armeve, ai kishte marre vetem shkopin e bariut,
04:53
and he says -- he's insulted --
100
281338
2572
dhe ai thote-- se ndihet i fyer--
04:55
"Am I a dog that you would come to me with sticks?"
101
283910
3357
"A jam une qen qe vini te une me shkop?"
04:59
And the shepherd boy takes one of his stones
102
287267
3063
Dhe bariu merr nje gur
05:02
out of his pocket, puts it in his sling
103
290330
3240
nga xhepi i tij, e vendos ne fashen e tij,
05:05
and rolls it around and lets it fly
104
293570
2295
e rrotullon dhe e gjuan,
05:07
and it hits the giant right between the eyes --
105
295865
2401
duke e goditur gjigandin ne mes te ballit--
05:10
right here, in his most vulnerable spot --
106
298266
2098
ketu, ne vendin me te dobet te tij--
05:12
and he falls down either dead or unconscious,
107
300364
3321
dhe ai bie ne toke ose i vdekur
ose sepse ka humbur ndjenjat,
ose sepse ka humbur ndjenjat,
05:15
and the shepherd boy runs up and takes his sword
108
303685
2494
pastaj bariu vrapon dhe i marr shpaten
05:18
and cuts off his head,
109
306179
1686
e i pret koken,
05:19
and the Philistines see this and they turn and they just run.
110
307865
5551
Filistejte e pane kete dhe u larguan me te katra.
05:25
And of course, the name of the giant is Goliath
111
313416
4361
Patjeter qe, emri i gjigandit eshte Goliath
05:29
and the name of the shepherd boy is David,
112
317777
2529
dhe emri i bariut eshte David
05:32
and the reason that story has obsessed me
113
320306
3130
dhe arsyeja pse kjo histori me ka obsesionuar mua
05:35
over the course of writing my book
114
323436
1438
gjate shkrimit te librit tim
05:36
is that everything I thought I knew about that story
115
324874
3092
eshte se cdo gje qe kam menduar
se kam ditur per ate histori
se kam ditur per ate histori
05:39
turned out to be wrong.
116
327966
2751
doli qe ishte gabim.
05:42
So David, in that story, is supposed to be the underdog, right?
117
330717
3788
Pra Davidi, ne ate histori, supozohet te ishte viktima, apo jo?
05:46
In fact, that term, David and Goliath,
118
334505
2137
Ne fakt, kjo shprehje, Davidi dhe Goliathi,
05:48
has entered our language as a metaphor for
119
336642
2981
ka hyre ne gjuhen tone si nje metafore per te pershkruar
05:51
improbable victories
120
339623
1538
fitoren e pabesueshme
05:53
by some weak party over someone far stronger.
121
341161
3111
te pales se dobet kunder pales shume me te forte.
05:56
Now why do we call David an underdog?
122
344272
2190
Pra pse e quajme Davidin viktime?
05:58
Well, we call him an underdog because he's a kid,
123
346462
3475
Ne e quajme ate viktime sepse ai eshte djalosh,
06:01
a little kid, and Goliath is this big, strong giant.
124
349937
3536
nje djalosh i vogel, dhe Goliathi eshte
nje gjigand i madh e i forte.
nje gjigand i madh e i forte.
06:05
We also call him an underdog
125
353473
1655
Ne gjthashtu e quajme ate viktime
06:07
because Goliath is an experienced warrior,
126
355128
3922
sepse Goliathi eshte nje luftetar me eksperience,
06:11
and David is just a shepherd.
127
359050
1936
dhe David eshte vetem nje bari.
06:12
But most importantly, we call him an underdog
128
360986
2350
Por me e rendesishmja, ne e quajme ate viktime
06:15
because all he has is -- it's that Goliath is outfitted with
129
363336
5010
sepse arma e tij e vetme -- sepse Goliathi eshte i veshur me
06:20
all of this modern weaponry,
130
368346
2005
armatim modern,
06:22
this glittering coat of armor
131
370351
1776
parzmore vezulluese
06:24
and a sword and a javelin and a spear,
132
372127
3835
dhe me shpate e shtiza te ndryshme,
06:27
and all David has is this sling.
133
375962
3830
ndersa arma e vetme e Davidit eshte nje hobe.
06:31
Well, let's start there with the phrase
134
379792
1698
Pra, te fillojme me frazen
06:33
"All David has is this sling,"
135
381490
2444
"Davidi ka marre vetem nje hobe"
06:35
because that's the first mistake that we make.
136
383934
2867
sepse ky eshte gabimi i pare qe bejme.
06:38
In ancient warfare, there are three kinds of warriors.
137
386801
3557
Ne betejat antike kishte tri lloj luftetaresh.
06:42
There's cavalry, men on horseback and with chariots.
138
390358
3431
Kalorësit, burra mbi kalë dhe me qerre.
06:45
There's heavy infantry, which are foot soldiers,
139
393789
3126
Këmbësoria e rënde, pra ushtarët këmbësorë,
06:48
armed foot soldiers with swords and shields
140
396915
2890
ushtarët e armatosur me shpata e mburoja
06:51
and some kind of armor.
141
399805
1500
dhe me parzmore.
06:53
And there's artillery, and artillery are archers,
142
401305
3228
Dhe artileria, dhe ne artileri bejne pjese harketaret,
06:56
but, more importantly, slingers.
143
404533
2172
por me te rendesishmit ishin gjuajtesit me hobe.
06:58
And a slinger is someone who has a leather pouch
144
406705
3061
Keta gjuajtes jane te pajisur me nje xhep lekure
07:01
with two long cords attached to it,
145
409766
2797
me dy litarë të gjatë te lidhur me të,
07:04
and they put a projectile, either a rock or a lead ball,
146
412563
3202
dhe ata vendosnin një mjet godites, një gur apo një top plumbi,
07:07
inside the pouch, and they whirl it around like this
147
415765
3121
brenda xhepit, e rrotullonin ate keshtu
07:10
and they let one of the cords go,
148
418886
2643
dhe pastaj leshonin njerin prej rripave,
07:13
and the effect is to send the projectile forward
149
421529
3870
dhe si rezultat mjeti godites shkonte perpara
07:17
towards its target.
150
425399
3305
drejt shenjestres.
07:20
That's what David has, and it's important to understand
151
428704
2735
Kjo eshte Davidi qe ka marre,
dhe eshte e rendesishme te kuptohet
dhe eshte e rendesishme te kuptohet
07:23
that that sling is not a slingshot.
152
431439
2847
se ajo hobe nuk eshte llastiqe.
07:26
It's not this, right? It's not a child's toy.
153
434286
2619
A nuk eshte keshtu? Nuk eshte loje per femije.
07:28
It's in fact an incredibly devastating weapon.
154
436905
3825
Ne fakt eshte nje arme jashtezakonisht shkaterruese.
07:32
When David rolls it around like this,
155
440730
2976
Kur Davidi e rrotullon ate keshtu
07:35
he's turning the sling around probably
156
443706
3229
ai me shume mundesi po e rrotullon hoben
07:38
at six or seven revolutions per second,
157
446935
2672
me gjashte ose shtate rrotullime per sekonde,
07:41
and that means that when the rock is released,
158
449607
3845
dhe kjo do te thote se kur guri del prej saj,
07:45
it's going forward really fast,
159
453452
2200
ai ka nje shpejtesi te konsiderueshme,
07:47
probably 35 meters per second.
160
455652
1773
ndoshta 35 metra per sekonde.
07:49
That's substantially faster than a baseball
161
457425
3565
Gjegjesisht eshte me i shpejte sesa nje top bejsbolli
07:52
thrown by even the finest of baseball pitchers.
162
460990
3633
i gjuajtur nga lojtari me i mire i bejsbollit.
07:56
More than that, the stones in the Valley of Elah
163
464623
3883
Do t'ju them me shume, guret ne Luginen e Elahut
08:00
were not normal rocks. They were barium sulphate,
164
468506
2656
nuk ishin gure normal. Ata perbeheshin nga sulfat bariumi,
08:03
which are rocks twice the density of normal stones.
165
471162
3319
gure te cilet kane dendesi dy here me shume se guret normale.
08:06
If you do the calculations on the ballistics,
166
474481
2637
Nese beni llogaritjet balistike,
08:09
on the stopping power of the rock fired from David's sling,
167
477118
3884
ne shpejtesine e gurit te hedhur nga hobja e Davidit,
08:13
it's roughly equal to the stopping power
168
481002
2321
ajo eshte e barabarte me forcen ndaluese
08:15
of a [.45 caliber] handgun.
169
483323
3557
te nje pistolete te kalibrit te 45.
08:18
This is an incredibly devastating weapon.
170
486880
2994
Kjo eshte nje arme jashtezakonisht shkaterruese.
08:21
Accuracy, we know from historical records
171
489874
4598
Saktesisht, ne dime nga shenimet historike
08:26
that slingers -- experienced slingers could hit
172
494472
4498
se gjuajtesit me eksperience mund te godisnin
08:30
and maim or even kill a target at distances of up to 200 yards.
173
498970
6023
dhe te demtojne ose ta vrisnin
objektivin e tyre nga nje distance prej 180 metrash.
objektivin e tyre nga nje distance prej 180 metrash.
08:36
From medieval tapestries, we know that slingers
174
504993
2970
Nga dokumentet mesjetare, ne dime se keta gjuajtes
08:39
were capable of hitting birds in flight.
175
507963
2358
ishin ne gjendje te gjuanin zogjte ne fluturim.
08:42
They were incredibly accurate.
176
510321
2434
Ata ishin jashtezakonisht te sakte.
08:44
When David lines up -- and he's not 200 yards away from Goliath,
177
512755
3557
Kur Davidi u pozicionua --
dhe ai nuk eshte 180 metra larg nga Goliathi,
dhe ai nuk eshte 180 metra larg nga Goliathi,
08:48
he's quite close to Goliath --
178
516312
1609
ai eshte shume me afer --
08:49
when he lines up and fires that thing at Goliath,
179
517921
3415
kur ai u be gati te gjuante ate objekt drejt Goliathit,
08:53
he has every intention and every expectation
180
521336
3062
qellimi dhe pritshmeria e tij eshte qe ai
08:56
of being able to hit Goliath at his most vulnerable spot
181
524398
2703
t'a gjuaje Goliathin ne zonen me te dobet,
08:59
between his eyes.
182
527101
1328
ne mes syve.
09:00
If you go back over the history of ancient warfare,
183
528429
2016
Nese i ktheheni historise se luftrave antike,
09:02
you will find time and time again
184
530445
2812
do te lexoni se gjithnje e me shume
09:05
that slingers were the decisive factor against infantry
185
533257
4003
se gjuajtesit ishin faktore vendimtare kunder kembesorise
09:09
in one kind of battle or another.
186
537260
5025
ne nje stil beteje ose ne nje tjeter.
09:14
So what's Goliath? He's heavy infantry,
187
542285
3896
Po Goliathi cfare eshte? Ai eshte nje kembesor i rende,
09:18
and his expectation when he challenges the Israelites to a duel
188
546181
5199
dhe pritshmerite e tij kur ai sfidon Izraelitet ne nje duel
09:23
is that he's going to be fighting another heavy infantryman.
189
551380
3855
eshte se ai do te luftoje kunder kembesorise se rende.
09:27
When he says, "Come to me that I might
190
555235
2171
Kur ai thote, "Eja tek unë keshtu une do te
09:29
feed your flesh to the birds of the heavens and the beasts of the field,"
191
557406
2952
ushqej me mishin tend zogjte e parajses dhe kafshet e fushes."
09:32
the key phrase is "Come to me."
192
560358
2000
fraza kryesore eshte " Eja tek une."
09:34
Come up to me because we're going to fight,
193
562358
2138
Eja tek une sepse ne do te luftojme,
09:36
hand to hand, like this.
194
564496
1711
balle per balle, keshtu.
09:38
Saul has the same expectation.
195
566207
2128
Saul ka te njejten pritshmeri.
09:40
David says, "I want to fight Goliath,"
196
568335
2359
Davidi thote, " Une dua te luftoj kunder Goliathit,"
09:42
and Saul tries to give him his armor,
197
570694
1821
dhe Saul provon ti jape atij parzmoren e tij,
09:44
because Saul is thinking, "Oh, when you say 'fight Goliath,'
198
572515
2727
sepse Saul eshte duke menduar,
" Oh, kur ti thua "te luftoj kunder Goliathit,"
" Oh, kur ti thua "te luftoj kunder Goliathit,"
09:47
you mean 'fight him in hand-to-hand combat,'
199
575242
3267
ti do te thuash 'do perballem me te'
09:50
infantry on infantry."
200
578509
2188
këmbesor me këmbesor."
09:52
But David has absolutely no expectation.
201
580697
2974
Por Davidi nuk ka kete pritshmeri.
09:55
He's not going to fight him that way. Why would he?
202
583671
2551
Ai nuk do te luftoje me te ne kete menyre.
Pse do donte t'a bente?
Pse do donte t'a bente?
09:58
He's a shepherd. He's spent his entire career
203
586222
3008
Ai eshte bari. Ai e ka kaluar te gjithe karieren e tij
10:01
using a sling to defend his flock against lions and wolves.
204
589230
4213
duke perdorur hoben per te mbrojtur
tufen e tij kunder luanve dhe ujqve.
tufen e tij kunder luanve dhe ujqve.
10:05
That's where his strength lies.
205
593443
1750
Ketu qendron forca e tij.
10:07
So here he is, this shepherd, experienced
206
595193
2532
Pra ja ku eshte ky bari me pervoje
10:09
in the use of a devastating weapon,
207
597725
2039
ne perdorimin e armeve shkaterruese,
10:11
up against this lumbering giant
208
599764
2394
kunder ketij gjigandi te ngathet,
10:14
weighed down by a hundred pounds of armor
209
602158
3300
te renduar nga 50 kg parzmore
10:17
and these incredibly heavy weapons
210
605458
1501
me ato arme aq te renda
10:18
that are useful only in short-range combat.
211
606959
3097
të cilat janë të dobishme vetëm në dyluftim me perballje.
10:22
Goliath is a sitting duck. He doesn't have a chance.
212
610056
4737
Goliathi eshte nje objektiv i palevizshem.
Ai nuk ka asnje shans.
Ai nuk ka asnje shans.
10:26
So why do we keep calling David an underdog,
213
614793
2806
Pse atehere vazhdojme ta quajme Davidin viktime,
10:29
and why do we keep referring to his victory as improbable?
214
617599
5824
dhe pse i referohemi fitores se tij si e pamundur?
10:35
There's a second piece of this that's important.
215
623423
2840
Ka një pjesë të dytë të kësaj që është e rëndësishme.
10:38
It's not just that we misunderstand David
216
626263
3398
Nuk eshte se kemi keqkuptuar vetem Davidin
10:41
and his choice of weaponry.
217
629661
1905
dhe zgjedhjen e tij te armatimit.
10:43
It's also that we profoundly misunderstand Goliath.
218
631566
3339
Por ne kemi keqkuptuar edhe Goliathin.
10:46
Goliath is not what he seems to be.
219
634905
3234
Goliathi nuk eshte ai qe duket.
10:50
There's all kinds of hints of this in the Biblical text,
220
638139
3988
Ka te dhena te ndryshme ne tekstin Biblik,
10:54
things that are in retrospect quite puzzling
221
642127
2805
gjëra te cilat në retrospektivë janë mjaft të mistershme
10:56
and don't square with his image as this mighty warrior.
222
644932
3777
dhe qe nuk perputhen me imazhin e nje trimi.
11:00
So to begin with, the Bible says that Goliath
223
648709
3377
Pra sa per te filluar, Bibla thote se Goliathi
11:04
is led onto the valley floor by an attendant.
224
652086
3965
udhëhiqet në luginë nga një shoqërues.
11:08
Now that is weird, right?
225
656051
2209
Kjo eshte e cudtishme, apo jo?
11:10
Here is this mighty warrior
226
658260
2130
Ja ku eshte nje luftetar i fuqishem
11:12
challenging the Israelites to one-on-one combat.
227
660390
2807
i cili sfidon Izraelietet ne beteje trup me trup.
11:15
Why is he being led by the hand
228
663197
2712
Pse udhehiqet ai prej dore
11:17
by some young boy, presumably,
229
665909
3050
nga nje djale i ri,
11:20
to the point of combat?
230
668959
2462
deri te fusha e betejes?
11:23
Secondly, the Bible story makes special note
231
671421
4354
E dyta, Bibla ve ne dukje
11:27
of how slowly Goliath moves,
232
675775
3089
se sa ngadale leviz Goliathi,
11:30
another odd thing to say when you're describing
233
678864
2026
nje tjeter gje e çuditshme per t'u thene teksa pershkruan
11:32
the mightiest warrior known to man at that point.
234
680890
4050
luftetarin me te fuqishem qe njerezimi njihte deri atehere.
11:36
And then there's this whole weird thing
235
684940
1823
Dhe pastaj gjeja tjeter e cuditshme eshte
11:38
about how long it takes Goliath to react
236
686763
3812
koha e gjate qe i duhet Goliathit per te reaguar
11:42
to the sight of David.
237
690575
1996
ndaj Davidit.
11:44
So David's coming down the mountain,
238
692571
2778
Keshtu Davidi po zbret nga mali,
11:47
and he's clearly not preparing for hand-to-hand combat.
239
695349
3937
dhe duket haptazi se nuk eshte i pergatitur
per beteje trup me trup.
per beteje trup me trup.
11:51
There is nothing about him that says,
240
699286
1968
Nuk ka asgje tek ai qe thote,
11:53
"I am about to fight you like this."
241
701254
2034
"Une do te luftoj me ty ne ate menyre."
11:55
He's not even carrying a sword.
242
703288
1731
Ai madje nuk eshte duke bartur as edhe nje shpate.
11:57
Why does Goliath not react to that?
243
705019
2682
Pse nuk reagon Goliathi ndaj kesaj?
11:59
It's as if he's oblivious to what's going on that day.
244
707701
4228
Duket sikur atij nuk i intereson c'do te ndodhe atë ditë.
12:03
And then there's that strange comment he makes to David:
245
711929
3947
Dhe pastaj vjen ai koment i çuditshem qe ai ben per Davidin:
12:07
"Am I a dog that you should come to me with sticks?"
246
715876
4295
" A jam une qen qe ti vjen tek une me shkopinj?
12:12
Sticks? David only has one stick.
247
720171
3823
Shkopinj? Davidi ka vetem nje shkop.
12:15
Well, it turns out that there's been a great deal
248
723994
2259
Epo, me sa duket gjate viteve
12:18
of speculation within the medical community over the years
249
726253
3041
ka pasur shume spekulime ne komunitetin mjekësor
12:21
about whether there is something
250
729294
2526
nese ka apo jo dicka
12:23
fundamentally wrong with Goliath,
251
731820
2889
qe nuk shkon me Goliathin,
12:26
an attempt to make sense of all of those apparent anomalies.
252
734709
3409
ne perpjekje për ti bërë kuptueshme
të gjitha këto anomali të tij.
të gjitha këto anomali të tij.
12:30
There have been many articles written.
253
738118
1162
Jane shkruar shume artikuj.
12:31
The first one was in 1960 in the Indiana Medical Journal,
254
739280
3994
E para u shkrua ne 1960-n ne Indiana Medical Journal,
12:35
and it started a chain of speculation
255
743274
2355
e cila i hapi rruge nje vargu spekulimesh
12:37
that starts with an explanation for Goliath's height.
256
745629
3123
qe fillon me shpjegimin e gjatesise se Goliathit.
12:40
So Goliath is head and shoulders above
257
748752
2923
Pra Goliathi eshte nje koke me i gjate
12:43
all of his peers in that era,
258
751675
2162
nga te gjithe shoket e asaj kohe,
12:45
and usually when someone is that far out of the norm,
259
753837
3982
dhe zakonisht kur dikush eshte larg normave,
12:49
there's an explanation for it.
260
757819
1597
ka nje shpjegim.
12:51
So the most common form of giantism
261
759416
3233
Forma më e zakonshme e gjigantizëm
12:54
is a condition called acromegaly,
262
762649
2735
është një gjendje që quhet akromegali,
12:57
and acromegaly is caused by a benign tumor
263
765384
2903
dhe akromegalia shkaktohet nga nje tumor beninj
13:00
on your pituitary gland
264
768287
2503
në gjëndrren e hipofizës
13:02
that causes an overproduction of human growth hormone.
265
770790
2716
që shkakton mbiprodhimin e hormonit të rritjes.
13:05
And throughout history, many of the most famous giants
266
773506
3559
Gjatë gjithë historisë, shumë nga gjigandët më të famshem
13:09
have all had acromegaly.
267
777065
1769
kane pasur akromegali.
13:10
So the tallest person of all time
268
778834
2064
Personi me i gjatë i të gjitha kohërave
13:12
was a guy named Robert Wadlow
269
780898
1567
ishte një djalë i quajtur Robert Wadlow
13:14
who was still growing when he died at the age of 24
270
782465
3051
i cili ishte ende në rritje, kur vdiq në moshën 24 vjeçare
13:17
and he was 8 foot 11.
271
785516
2889
dhe gjatesia e tij ishte 271 cm.
13:20
He had acromegaly.
272
788405
1414
Ai kishte akromegali.
13:21
Do you remember the wrestler André the Giant?
273
789819
2535
A ju kujtohet mundësi André Gjigandi?
13:24
Famous. He had acromegaly.
274
792354
1683
I famshmi. Ai kishte akromegali.
13:26
There's even speculation that Abraham Lincoln had acromegaly.
275
794037
4539
Ka madje spekulime per faktin se
edhe Abraham Lincoln kishte akromegali.
edhe Abraham Lincoln kishte akromegali.
13:30
Anyone who's unusually tall,
276
798576
1078
Kur dikush eshte jashtëzakonisht i gjatë,
13:31
that's the first explanation we come up with.
277
799654
2753
ky eshte shpjegimi i pare qe na bie ndermend.
13:34
And acromegaly has a very distinct set of side effects
278
802407
3995
Dhe akromegalia vjen me nje sere
efektesh anësore shume te vecanta
efektesh anësore shume te vecanta
13:38
associated with it,
279
806402
1225
qe lidhen me të,
13:39
principally having to do with vision.
280
807627
3562
te cilat lidhen kryesisht me shikimin.
13:43
The pituitary tumor, as it grows,
281
811189
3296
Tumori i hipofizes, duke u rritur,
13:46
often starts to compress the visual nerves in your brain,
282
814485
4048
shpesh fillon te shtrengoje nervat e shikimit ne tru,
13:50
with the result that people with acromegaly
283
818533
2504
dhe si pasoje njerëzit me akromegali
13:53
have either double vision or they are profoundly nearsighted.
284
821037
5471
ose shikojne dyfish ose kane miopi te theksuar.
13:58
So when people have started to speculate
285
826508
2593
Pra, kur njerëzit filluan të spekulojnë
14:01
about what might have been wrong with Goliath,
286
829101
3231
për atë qe nuk shkonte me Goliathin,
14:04
they've said, "Wait a minute,
287
832332
911
ata thanë, "Prit një minutë,
14:05
he looks and sounds an awful lot like someone
288
833243
3190
ai duket dhe tingëllon si dikush
14:08
who has acromegaly."
289
836433
1573
i cili ka akromegali. "
14:10
And that would also explain so much of what was strange
290
838006
2984
Dhe kjo do të shpjegonte anomalite
14:12
about his behavior that day.
291
840990
2127
në sjelljen e tij atë ditë.
14:15
Why does he move so slowly
292
843117
1821
Pse ai lëvizte kaq ngadalë
14:16
and have to be escorted down into the valley floor
293
844938
3528
dhe kishte nevoje te percillej poshtë ne luginë
14:20
by an attendant?
294
848466
1359
nga nje shoqerues?
14:21
Because he can't make his way on his own.
295
849825
2988
Për shkak se ai nuk mund t'a bente rrugën vetem.
14:24
Why is he so strangely oblivious to David
296
852813
3257
Pse ai eshte kaq i pavendeshem ne lidhje me Davidin
14:28
that he doesn't understand that David's not going to fight him
297
856070
2649
seqe nuk e kupton se Davidi nuk do të ndeshet me te
14:30
until the very last moment?
298
858719
2147
vecse ne momentin e fundit?
14:32
Because he can't see him.
299
860866
2509
Sepse ai nuk mund ta shohe ate.
14:35
When he says, "Come to me that I might feed your flesh
300
863375
3317
Kur ai thotë: "Eja tek une keshtu mund te ushqej me mishin tend
14:38
to the birds of the heavens and the beasts of the field,"
301
866692
2496
zogjte e parajses dhe kafshet e fushes,"
14:41
the phrase "come to me" is a hint also of his vulnerability.
302
869188
4644
fraza " eja tek une" eshte gjithashtu nje aluzion i dobesise se tij.
14:45
Come to me because I can't see you.
303
873832
2984
Eja tek une sepse une s'mund te te shoh.
14:48
And then there's, "Am I a dog that you should come to me with sticks?"
304
876816
5214
Dhe pastaj vjen, " A jam une qen qe ti ke sjelle shkopinj?"
14:54
He sees two sticks when David has only one.
305
882030
5330
Ai sheh dy shkopinj ndersa Davidi ka vetem nje.
14:59
So the Israelites up on the mountain ridge
306
887360
2964
Keshtu Izraelitet ne mal
15:02
looking down on him thought he was
307
890324
2197
shikonin poshte dhe mendonin se ai ishte
15:04
this extraordinarily powerful foe.
308
892521
3111
kundeshtar i forte.
15:07
What they didn't understand was that
309
895632
1976
Ajo qe ata nuk kuptonin ishte se
15:09
the very thing that was the source of his apparent strength
310
897608
3297
vete burimi i forces se tij
15:12
was also the source of his greatest weakness.
311
900905
3755
ishte gjithashtu burimi i dobesise se tij me te madhe.
15:16
And there is, I think, in that,
312
904660
1957
Une mendoj, se ky eshte
15:18
a very important lesson for all of us.
313
906617
3205
nje mesim i rendesishem per te gjithe ne.
15:21
Giants are not as strong and powerful as they seem.
314
909822
3862
Gjigandet nuk jane aq te forte dhe te fuqishem sa duken.
15:25
And sometimes the shepherd boy has a sling in his pocket.
315
913684
3489
Dhe ndonjehere bariu ka nje hobe ne xhepin e tij.
15:29
Thank you.
316
917173
1787
Faleminderit.
15:30
(Applause)
317
918960
4385
(Duartrokitje)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Malcolm Gladwell - WriterDetective of fads and emerging subcultures, chronicler of jobs-you-never-knew-existed, Malcolm Gladwell's work is toppling the popular understanding of bias, crime, food, marketing, race, consumers and intelligence.
Why you should listen
Malcolm Gladwell searches for the counterintuitive in what we all take to be the mundane: cookies, sneakers, pasta sauce. A New Yorker staff writer since 1996, he visits obscure laboratories and infomercial set kitchens as often as the hangouts of freelance cool-hunters -- a sort of pop-R&D gumshoe -- and for that has become a star lecturer and bestselling author.
Sparkling with curiosity, undaunted by difficult research (yet an eloquent, accessible writer), his work uncovers truths hidden in strange data. His always-delightful blog tackles topics from serial killers to steroids in sports, while provocative recent work in the New Yorker sheds new light on the Flynn effect -- the decades-spanning rise in I.Q. scores.
Gladwell has written four books. The Tipping Point, which began as a New Yorker piece, applies the principles of epidemiology to crime (and sneaker sales), while Blink examines the unconscious processes that allow the mind to "thin slice" reality -- and make decisions in the blink of an eye. His third book, Outliers, questions the inevitabilities of success and identifies the relation of success to nature versus nurture. The newest work, What the Dog Saw and Other Adventures, is an anthology of his New Yorker contributions.
He says: "There is more going on beneath the surface than we think, and more going on in little, finite moments of time than we would guess."
Malcolm Gladwell | Speaker | TED.com